# sqlglot.dialects.hive API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.hive

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    DATE_ADD_OR_SUB,
      8    Dialect,
      9    NormalizationStrategy,
     10    approx_count_distinct_sql,
     11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    build_formatted_time,
     14    if_sql,
     15    is_parse_json,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    locate_to_strposition,
     18    max_or_greatest,
     19    min_or_least,
     20    no_ilike_sql,
     21    no_recursive_cte_sql,
     22    no_safe_divide_sql,
     23    no_trycast_sql,
     24    regexp_extract_sql,
     25    regexp_replace_sql,
     26    rename_func,
     27    right_to_substring_sql,
     28    strposition_to_locate_sql,
     29    struct_extract_sql,
     30    time_format,
     31    timestrtotime_sql,
     32    var_map_sql,
     33)
     34from sqlglot.transforms import (
     35    remove_unique_constraints,
     36    ctas_with_tmp_tables_to_create_tmp_view,
     37    preprocess,
     38    move_schema_columns_to_partitioned_by,
     39)
     40from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     41from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     42
     43# (FuncType, Multiplier)
     44DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {
     45    "YEAR": ("ADD_MONTHS", 12),
     46    "MONTH": ("ADD_MONTHS", 1),
     47    "QUARTER": ("ADD_MONTHS", 3),
     48    "WEEK": ("DATE_ADD", 7),
     49    "DAY": ("DATE_ADD", 1),
     50}
     51
     52TIME_DIFF_FACTOR = {
     53    "MILLISECOND": " * 1000",
     54    "SECOND": "",
     55    "MINUTE": " / 60",
     56    "HOUR": " / 3600",
     57}
     58
     59DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH = ("YEAR", "QUARTER", "MONTH")
     60
     61
     62def _add_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
     63    if isinstance(expression, exp.TsOrDsAdd) and not expression.unit:
     64        return self.func("DATE_ADD", expression.this, expression.expression)
     65
     66    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
     67    func, multiplier = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get(unit, ("DATE_ADD", 1))
     68
     69    if isinstance(expression, exp.DateSub):
     70        multiplier *= -1
     71
     72    if expression.expression.is_number:
     73        modified_increment = exp.Literal.number(int(expression.text("expression")) * multiplier)
     74    else:
     75        modified_increment = expression.expression
     76        if multiplier != 1:
     77            modified_increment = exp.Mul(  # type: ignore
     78                this=modified_increment, expression=exp.Literal.number(multiplier)
     79            )
     80
     81    return self.func(func, expression.this, modified_increment)
     82
     83
     84def _date_diff_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.DateDiff | exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
     85    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
     86
     87    factor = TIME_DIFF_FACTOR.get(unit)
     88    if factor is not None:
     89        left = self.sql(expression, "this")
     90        right = self.sql(expression, "expression")
     91        sec_diff = f"UNIX_TIMESTAMP({left}) - UNIX_TIMESTAMP({right})"
     92        return f"({sec_diff}){factor}" if factor else sec_diff
     93
     94    months_between = unit in DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH
     95    sql_func = "MONTHS_BETWEEN" if months_between else "DATEDIFF"
     96    _, multiplier = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get(unit, ("", 1))
     97    multiplier_sql = f" / {multiplier}" if multiplier > 1 else ""
     98    diff_sql = f"{sql_func}({self.format_args(expression.this, expression.expression)})"
     99
    100    if months_between or multiplier_sql:
    101        # MONTHS_BETWEEN returns a float, so we need to truncate the fractional part.
    102        # For the same reason, we want to truncate if there's a divisor present.
    103        diff_sql = f"CAST({diff_sql}{multiplier_sql} AS INT)"
    104
    105    return diff_sql
    106
    107
    108def _json_format_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    109    this = expression.this
    110
    111    if is_parse_json(this):
    112        if this.this.is_string:
    113            # Since FROM_JSON requires a nested type, we always wrap the json string with
    114            # an array to ensure that "naked" strings like "'a'" will be handled correctly
    115            wrapped_json = exp.Literal.string(f"[{this.this.name}]")
    116
    117            from_json = self.func(
    118                "FROM_JSON", wrapped_json, self.func("SCHEMA_OF_JSON", wrapped_json)
    119            )
    120            to_json = self.func("TO_JSON", from_json)
    121
    122            # This strips the [, ] delimiters of the dummy array printed by TO_JSON
    123            return self.func("REGEXP_EXTRACT", to_json, "'^.(.*).$'", "1")
    124        return self.sql(this)
    125
    126    return self.func("TO_JSON", this, expression.args.get("options"))
    127
    128
    129def _array_sort_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.ArraySort) -> str:
    130    if expression.expression:
    131        self.unsupported("Hive SORT_ARRAY does not support a comparator")
    132    return self.func("SORT_ARRAY", expression.this)
    133
    134
    135def _property_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.Property) -> str:
    136    return f"{self.property_name(expression, string_key=True)}={self.sql(expression, 'value')}"
    137
    138
    139def _str_to_unix_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    140    return self.func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, time_format("hive")(self, expression))
    141
    142
    143def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    144    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    145    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    146    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    147        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    148
    149    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME({timestamp} / POW(10, {scale}))"
    150
    151
    152def _str_to_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate) -> str:
    153    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    154    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    155    if time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    156        this = f"FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP({this}, {time_format}))"
    157    return f"CAST({this} AS DATE)"
    158
    159
    160def _str_to_time_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.StrToTime) -> str:
    161    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    162    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    163    if time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    164        this = f"FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP({this}, {time_format}))"
    165    return f"CAST({this} AS TIMESTAMP)"
    166
    167
    168def _to_date_sql(self: Hive.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
    169    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
    170    if time_format and time_format not in (Hive.TIME_FORMAT, Hive.DATE_FORMAT):
    171        return self.func("TO_DATE", expression.this, time_format)
    172
    173    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate):
    174        return self.sql(expression, "this")
    175
    176    return self.func("TO_DATE", expression.this)
    177
    178
    179def _build_with_ignore_nulls(
    180    exp_class: t.Type[exp.Expression],
    181) -> t.Callable[[t.List[exp.Expression]], exp.Expression]:
    182    def _parse(args: t.List[exp.Expression]) -> exp.Expression:
    183        this = exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 0))
    184        if seq_get(args, 1) == exp.true():
    185            return exp.IgnoreNulls(this=this)
    186        return this
    187
    188    return _parse
    189
    190
    191class Hive(Dialect):
    192    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
    193    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
    194    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    195    SAFE_DIVISION = True
    196
    197    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
    198    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    199
    200    TIME_MAPPING = {
    201        "y": "%Y",
    202        "Y": "%Y",
    203        "YYYY": "%Y",
    204        "yyyy": "%Y",
    205        "YY": "%y",
    206        "yy": "%y",
    207        "MMMM": "%B",
    208        "MMM": "%b",
    209        "MM": "%m",
    210        "M": "%-m",
    211        "dd": "%d",
    212        "d": "%-d",
    213        "HH": "%H",
    214        "H": "%-H",
    215        "hh": "%I",
    216        "h": "%-I",
    217        "mm": "%M",
    218        "m": "%-M",
    219        "ss": "%S",
    220        "s": "%-S",
    221        "SSSSSS": "%f",
    222        "a": "%p",
    223        "DD": "%j",
    224        "D": "%-j",
    225        "E": "%a",
    226        "EE": "%a",
    227        "EEE": "%a",
    228        "EEEE": "%A",
    229    }
    230
    231    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
    232    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
    233    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
    234
    235    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    236        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    237        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    238        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    239
    240        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    241            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    242            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    243        }
    244
    245        KEYWORDS = {
    246            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    247            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    248            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    249            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    250            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    252            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
    255            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    256            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    257            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    258        }
    259
    260        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    261            "L": "BIGINT",
    262            "S": "SMALLINT",
    263            "Y": "TINYINT",
    264            "D": "DOUBLE",
    265            "F": "FLOAT",
    266            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    267        }
    268
    269    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    270        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    271        STRICT_CAST = False
    272        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    273
    274        FUNCTIONS = {
    275            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    276            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    277            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    278            "COLLECT_SET": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    279            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    280                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    281            ),
    282            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    283                [
    284                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    285                    seq_get(args, 1),
    286                ]
    287            ),
    288            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    289                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    290                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    291                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    292            ),
    293            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    294                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    295                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    296            ),
    297            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    298            "FIRST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.First),
    299            "FIRST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.FirstValue),
    300            "FROM_UNIXTIME": build_formatted_time(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    301            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    302            "LAST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.Last),
    303            "LAST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.LastValue),
    304            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    305            "MAP": parser.build_var_map,
    306            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    307            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    308            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    309            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    310                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    311            ),
    312            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    313            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    314            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    315                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    316                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    317                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    318            ),
    319            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    320            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    321            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    322            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True)(
    323                args or [exp.CurrentTimestamp()]
    324            ),
    325            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    326        }
    327
    328        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    329            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    330            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    331        }
    332
    333        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    334            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    335            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    336                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    337            ),
    338        }
    339
    340        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    341            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    342                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    343                return None
    344
    345            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    346            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    347
    348            record_writer = None
    349            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    350                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    351
    352            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    353                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    354
    355            command_script = self._parse_string()
    356
    357            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    358            schema = self._parse_schema()
    359
    360            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    361            record_reader = None
    362            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    363                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    364
    365            return self.expression(
    366                exp.QueryTransform,
    367                expressions=args,
    368                command_script=command_script,
    369                schema=schema,
    370                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    371                record_writer=record_writer,
    372                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    373                record_reader=record_reader,
    374            )
    375
    376        def _parse_types(
    377            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    378        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    379            """
    380            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    381            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    382
    383                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    384                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    385                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    386                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    387                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    388
    389                1234
    390                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    391
    392            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    393            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    394
    395            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    396            """
    397            this = super()._parse_types(
    398                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    399            )
    400
    401            if this and not schema:
    402                return this.transform(
    403                    lambda node: (
    404                        node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    405                        if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    406                        else node
    407                    ),
    408                    copy=False,
    409                )
    410
    411            return this
    412
    413        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    414            self,
    415        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    416            return (
    417                (
    418                    self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    419                    if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    420                    else []
    421                ),
    422                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    423            )
    424
    425    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    426        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    427        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    428        JOIN_HINTS = False
    429        TABLE_HINTS = False
    430        QUERY_HINTS = False
    431        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    432        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    433        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    434        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    435        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    436        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    437
    438        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
    439            exp.Insert,
    440            exp.Select,
    441            exp.Subquery,
    442            exp.Union,
    443        }
    444
    445        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    446            exp.JSONPathKey,
    447            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    448            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    449            exp.JSONPathWildcard,
    450        }
    451
    452        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    453            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BINARY",
    461        }
    462
    463        TRANSFORMS = {
    464            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    465            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    466            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    467                [
    468                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    469                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    470                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    471                ]
    472            ),
    473            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    474            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    475            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    476            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    477            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    478            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    479            exp.ArrayToString: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    480            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    481            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    482            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    483            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    484            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    485            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    486            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    487            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    488            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    489            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    490            e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    491            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    492            e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    493            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    494            exp.If: if_sql(),
    495            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    496            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    497            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression),
    498            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    499                "GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression
    500            ),
    501            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    502            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    503            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    504            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    505            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    506            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    507            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    508            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda _, e: (
    509                "" if e.args.get("allow_null") else "NOT NULL"
    510            ),
    511            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    512            exp.Create: preprocess(
    513                [
    514                    remove_unique_constraints,
    515                    ctas_with_tmp_tables_to_create_tmp_view,
    516                    move_schema_columns_to_partitioned_by,
    517                ]
    518            ),
    519            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    520            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    521            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    522            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    523            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    524            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    525            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    526            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    527            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    528            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    529            exp.Split: lambda self, e: self.func(
    530                "SPLIT", e.this, self.func("CONCAT", "'\\\\Q'", e.expression)
    531            ),
    532            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    533            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    534            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    535            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    536            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    537            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    538            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    539            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    540            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    541            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    542            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    543            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    544            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    545            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _add_date_sql,
    546            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    547            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    548            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    549            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    550                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    551            ),
    552            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    553            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    554            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    555            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    556            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    557            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    558            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    559            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    560            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    561            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    562            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "",
    563            exp.OnProperty: lambda *_: "",
    564            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "PRIMARY KEY",
    565        }
    566
    567        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    568            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    569            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    570            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    571            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    572            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    573        }
    574
    575        def _jsonpathkey_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathKey) -> str:
    576            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.JSONPathWildcard):
    577                self.unsupported("Unsupported wildcard in JSONPathKey expression")
    578                return ""
    579
    580            return super()._jsonpathkey_sql(expression)
    581
    582        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    583            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    584            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    585
    586            parent = expression.parent
    587            this = f"{this}:{expression_sql}" if expression_sql else this
    588
    589            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    590                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    591                return this
    592
    593            return f"${{{this}}}"
    594
    595        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    596            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    597                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    598                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    599
    600            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    601
    602        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    603            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    604                prop.pop()
    605
    606            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    607            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    608            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    609
    610        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    611            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    612            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    613            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    614
    615        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    616            return self.func(
    617                "COLLECT_LIST",
    618                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    619            )
    620
    621        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    622            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    623
    624        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    625            if expression.this in self.PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES and (
    626                not expression.expressions or expression.expressions[0].name == "MAX"
    627            ):
    628                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    629            elif expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) and expression.expressions:
    630                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
    631            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    632                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    633            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    634                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    635                if size_expression:
    636                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    637                    expression = (
    638                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    639                    )
    640
    641            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    642
    643        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    644            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    645            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)
    646
    647        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    648            values = []
    649
    650            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    651                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    652                    self.unsupported("Hive does not support named structs.")
    653                    values.append(e.expression)
    654                else:
    655                    values.append(e)
    656
    657            return self.func("STRUCT", *values)

DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {'YEAR': ('ADD_MONTHS', 12), 'MONTH': ('ADD_MONTHS', 1), 'QUARTER': ('ADD_MONTHS', 3), 'WEEK': ('DATE_ADD', 7), 'DAY': ('DATE_ADD', 1)}
TIME_DIFF_FACTOR = {'MILLISECOND': ' * 1000', 'SECOND': '', 'MINUTE': ' / 60', 'HOUR': ' / 3600'}
DIFF_MONTH_SWITCH = ('YEAR', 'QUARTER', 'MONTH')
class Hive(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    192class Hive(Dialect):
    193    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
    194    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
    195    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    196    SAFE_DIVISION = True
    197
    198    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-identifier.html#description
    199    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    200
    201    TIME_MAPPING = {
    202        "y": "%Y",
    203        "Y": "%Y",
    204        "YYYY": "%Y",
    205        "yyyy": "%Y",
    206        "YY": "%y",
    207        "yy": "%y",
    208        "MMMM": "%B",
    209        "MMM": "%b",
    210        "MM": "%m",
    211        "M": "%-m",
    212        "dd": "%d",
    213        "d": "%-d",
    214        "HH": "%H",
    215        "H": "%-H",
    216        "hh": "%I",
    217        "h": "%-I",
    218        "mm": "%M",
    219        "m": "%-M",
    220        "ss": "%S",
    221        "s": "%-S",
    222        "SSSSSS": "%f",
    223        "a": "%p",
    224        "DD": "%j",
    225        "D": "%-j",
    226        "E": "%a",
    227        "EE": "%a",
    228        "EEE": "%a",
    229        "EEEE": "%A",
    230    }
    231
    232    DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
    233    DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
    234    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
    235
    236    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    237        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    238        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    239        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    240
    241        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    242            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    243            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    244        }
    245
    246        KEYWORDS = {
    247            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    248            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    249            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    250            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    252            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
    256            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    257            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    258            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    259        }
    260
    261        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    262            "L": "BIGINT",
    263            "S": "SMALLINT",
    264            "Y": "TINYINT",
    265            "D": "DOUBLE",
    266            "F": "FLOAT",
    267            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    268        }
    269
    270    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    272        STRICT_CAST = False
    273        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    274
    275        FUNCTIONS = {
    276            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    277            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    278            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    279            "COLLECT_SET": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    280            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    281                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    282            ),
    283            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    284                [
    285                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    286                    seq_get(args, 1),
    287                ]
    288            ),
    289            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    290                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    291                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    292                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    293            ),
    294            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    295                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    296                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    297            ),
    298            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    299            "FIRST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.First),
    300            "FIRST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.FirstValue),
    301            "FROM_UNIXTIME": build_formatted_time(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    302            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    303            "LAST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.Last),
    304            "LAST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.LastValue),
    305            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    306            "MAP": parser.build_var_map,
    307            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    308            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    309            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    310            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    311                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    312            ),
    313            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    314            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    315            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    317                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    318                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    319            ),
    320            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    321            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    322            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    323            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True)(
    324                args or [exp.CurrentTimestamp()]
    325            ),
    326            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    327        }
    328
    329        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    330            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    331            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    337                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    338            ),
    339        }
    340
    341        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    342            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    343                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    344                return None
    345
    346            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    347            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    348
    349            record_writer = None
    350            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    351                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    352
    353            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    354                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    355
    356            command_script = self._parse_string()
    357
    358            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    359            schema = self._parse_schema()
    360
    361            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    362            record_reader = None
    363            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    364                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    365
    366            return self.expression(
    367                exp.QueryTransform,
    368                expressions=args,
    369                command_script=command_script,
    370                schema=schema,
    371                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    372                record_writer=record_writer,
    373                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    374                record_reader=record_reader,
    375            )
    376
    377        def _parse_types(
    378            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    379        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    380            """
    381            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    382            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    383
    384                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    385                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    386                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    387                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    388                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    389
    390                1234
    391                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    392
    393            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    394            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    395
    396            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    397            """
    398            this = super()._parse_types(
    399                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    400            )
    401
    402            if this and not schema:
    403                return this.transform(
    404                    lambda node: (
    405                        node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    406                        if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    407                        else node
    408                    ),
    409                    copy=False,
    410                )
    411
    412            return this
    413
    414        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    415            self,
    416        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    417            return (
    418                (
    419                    self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    420                    if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    421                    else []
    422                ),
    423                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    424            )
    425
    426    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    427        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    428        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    429        JOIN_HINTS = False
    430        TABLE_HINTS = False
    431        QUERY_HINTS = False
    432        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    433        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    434        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    435        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    436        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    437        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    438
    439        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
    440            exp.Insert,
    441            exp.Select,
    442            exp.Subquery,
    443            exp.Union,
    444        }
    445
    446        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    447            exp.JSONPathKey,
    448            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    449            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    450            exp.JSONPathWildcard,
    451        }
    452
    453        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    454            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    455            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BINARY",
    462        }
    463
    464        TRANSFORMS = {
    465            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    466            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    467            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    468                [
    469                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    470                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    471                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    472                ]
    473            ),
    474            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    475            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    476            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    477            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    478            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    479            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    480            exp.ArrayToString: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    481            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    482            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    483            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    484            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    485            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    486            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    487            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    488            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    489            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    490            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    491            e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    492            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    493            e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    494            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    495            exp.If: if_sql(),
    496            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    497            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    498            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression),
    499            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    500                "GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression
    501            ),
    502            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    503            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    504            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    505            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    506            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    507            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    508            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    509            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda _, e: (
    510                "" if e.args.get("allow_null") else "NOT NULL"
    511            ),
    512            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    513            exp.Create: preprocess(
    514                [
    515                    remove_unique_constraints,
    516                    ctas_with_tmp_tables_to_create_tmp_view,
    517                    move_schema_columns_to_partitioned_by,
    518                ]
    519            ),
    520            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    521            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    522            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    523            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    524            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    525            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    526            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    527            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    528            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    529            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    530            exp.Split: lambda self, e: self.func(
    531                "SPLIT", e.this, self.func("CONCAT", "'\\\\Q'", e.expression)
    532            ),
    533            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    534            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    535            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    536            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    537            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    538            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    539            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    540            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    541            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    542            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    543            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    544            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    545            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    546            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _add_date_sql,
    547            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    548            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    549            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    550            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    551                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    552            ),
    553            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    554            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    555            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    556            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    557            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    558            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    559            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    560            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    561            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    562            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    563            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "",
    564            exp.OnProperty: lambda *_: "",
    565            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "PRIMARY KEY",
    566        }
    567
    568        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    569            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    570            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    571            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    572            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    573            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    574        }
    575
    576        def _jsonpathkey_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathKey) -> str:
    577            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.JSONPathWildcard):
    578                self.unsupported("Unsupported wildcard in JSONPathKey expression")
    579                return ""
    580
    581            return super()._jsonpathkey_sql(expression)
    582
    583        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    584            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    585            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    586
    587            parent = expression.parent
    588            this = f"{this}:{expression_sql}" if expression_sql else this
    589
    590            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    591                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    592                return this
    593
    594            return f"${{{this}}}"
    595
    596        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    597            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    598                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    599                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    600
    601            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    602
    603        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    604            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    605                prop.pop()
    606
    607            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    608            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    609            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    610
    611        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    612            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    613            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    614            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    615
    616        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    617            return self.func(
    618                "COLLECT_LIST",
    619                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    620            )
    621
    622        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    623            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    624
    625        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    626            if expression.this in self.PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES and (
    627                not expression.expressions or expression.expressions[0].name == "MAX"
    628            ):
    629                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    630            elif expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) and expression.expressions:
    631                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
    632            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    633                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    634            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    635                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    636                if size_expression:
    637                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    638                    expression = (
    639                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    640                    )
    641
    642            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    643
    644        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    645            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    646            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)
    647
    648        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    649            values = []
    650
    651            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    652                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    653                    self.unsupported("Hive does not support named structs.")
    654                    values.append(e.expression)
    655                else:
    656                    values.append(e)
    657
    658            return self.func("STRUCT", *values)

ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True

Whether the table alias comes after tablesample.

IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True

Whether an unquoted identifier can start with a digit.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SAFE_DIVISION = True

Whether division by zero throws an error (`False`) or returns NULL (`True`).

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'y': '%Y', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'hh': '%I', 'h': '%-I', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'SSSSSS': '%f', 'a': '%p', 'DD': '%j', 'D': '%-j', 'E': '%a', 'EE': '%a', 'EEE': '%a', 'EEEE': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

DATE_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd'"
DATEINT_FORMAT = "'yyyyMMdd'"
TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'"
UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Hive.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Hive.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Hive.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'h': {'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'m': {0: True}, 0: True}, 's': {'s': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True, 'E': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%m': 'MM', '%-m': 'M', '%d': 'dd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%I': 'hh', '%-I': 'h', '%M': 'mm', '%-M': 'm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'SSSSSS', '%p': 'a', '%j': 'DD', '%-j': 'D', '%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'p': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  NULL_ORDERING
  TYPED_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Hive.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    236    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    237        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    238        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    239        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    240
    241        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    242            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    243            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    244        }
    245
    246        KEYWORDS = {
    247            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    248            "ADD ARCHIVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    249            "ADD ARCHIVES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    250            "ADD FILE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "ADD FILES": TokenType.COMMAND,
    252            "ADD JAR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "ADD JARS": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "MSCK REPAIR": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "REFRESH": TokenType.REFRESH,
    256            "TIMESTAMP AS OF": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    257            "VERSION AS OF": TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT,
    258            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES,
    259        }
    260
    261        NUMERIC_LITERALS = {
    262            "L": "BIGINT",
    263            "S": "SMALLINT",
    264            "Y": "TINYINT",
    265            "D": "DOUBLE",
    266            "F": "FLOAT",
    267            "BD": "DECIMAL",
    268        }

QUOTES = ["'", '"']
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ADD ARCHIVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD ARCHIVES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD FILE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD FILES': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD JAR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ADD JARS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'MSCK REPAIR': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, 'TIMESTAMP AS OF': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'VERSION AS OF': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES': <TokenType.SERDE_PROPERTIES: 'SERDE_PROPERTIES'>}
NUMERIC_LITERALS = {'L': 'BIGINT', 'S': 'SMALLINT', 'Y': 'TINYINT', 'D': 'DOUBLE', 'F': 'FLOAT', 'BD': 'DECIMAL'}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Hive.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    270    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    272        STRICT_CAST = False
    273        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    274
    275        FUNCTIONS = {
    276            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    277            "BASE64": exp.ToBase64.from_arg_list,
    278            "COLLECT_LIST": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    279            "COLLECT_SET": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    280            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    281                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY")
    282            ),
    283            "DATE_FORMAT": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "hive")(
    284                [
    285                    exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    286                    seq_get(args, 1),
    287                ]
    288            ),
    289            "DATE_SUB": lambda args: exp.TsOrDsAdd(
    290                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    291                expression=exp.Mul(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(-1)),
    292                unit=exp.Literal.string("DAY"),
    293            ),
    294            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    295                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    296                expression=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
    297            ),
    298            "DAY": lambda args: exp.Day(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))),
    299            "FIRST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.First),
    300            "FIRST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.FirstValue),
    301            "FROM_UNIXTIME": build_formatted_time(exp.UnixToStr, "hive", True),
    302            "GET_JSON_OBJECT": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    303            "LAST": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.Last),
    304            "LAST_VALUE": _build_with_ignore_nulls(exp.LastValue),
    305            "LOCATE": locate_to_strposition,
    306            "MAP": parser.build_var_map,
    307            "MONTH": lambda args: exp.Month(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    308            "PERCENTILE": exp.Quantile.from_arg_list,
    309            "PERCENTILE_APPROX": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    310            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    311                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    312            ),
    313            "SIZE": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    314            "SPLIT": exp.RegexpSplit.from_arg_list,
    315            "STR_TO_MAP": lambda args: exp.StrToMap(
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    317                pair_delim=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    318                key_value_delim=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(":"),
    319            ),
    320            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "hive"),
    321            "TO_JSON": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    322            "UNBASE64": exp.FromBase64.from_arg_list,
    323            "UNIX_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToUnix, "hive", True)(
    324                args or [exp.CurrentTimestamp()]
    325            ),
    326            "YEAR": lambda args: exp.Year(this=exp.TsOrDsToDate.from_arg_list(args)),
    327        }
    328
    329        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    330            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    331            "TRANSFORM": lambda self: self._parse_transform(),
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES": lambda self: exp.SerdeProperties(
    337                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property)
    338            ),
    339        }
    340
    341        def _parse_transform(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Transform | exp.QueryTransform]:
    342            if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    343                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    344                return None
    345
    346            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    347            row_format_before = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    348
    349            record_writer = None
    350            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDWRITER"):
    351                record_writer = self._parse_string()
    352
    353            if not self._match(TokenType.USING):
    354                return exp.Transform.from_arg_list(args)
    355
    356            command_script = self._parse_string()
    357
    358            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
    359            schema = self._parse_schema()
    360
    361            row_format_after = self._parse_row_format(match_row=True)
    362            record_reader = None
    363            if self._match_text_seq("RECORDREADER"):
    364                record_reader = self._parse_string()
    365
    366            return self.expression(
    367                exp.QueryTransform,
    368                expressions=args,
    369                command_script=command_script,
    370                schema=schema,
    371                row_format_before=row_format_before,
    372                record_writer=record_writer,
    373                row_format_after=row_format_after,
    374                record_reader=record_reader,
    375            )
    376
    377        def _parse_types(
    378            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
    379        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    380            """
    381            Spark (and most likely Hive) treats casts to CHAR(length) and VARCHAR(length) as casts to
    382            STRING in all contexts except for schema definitions. For example, this is in Spark v3.4.0:
    383
    384                spark-sql (default)> select cast(1234 as varchar(2));
    385                23/06/06 15:51:18 WARN CharVarcharUtils: The Spark cast operator does not support
    386                char/varchar type and simply treats them as string type. Please use string type
    387                directly to avoid confusion. Otherwise, you can set spark.sql.legacy.charVarcharAsString
    388                to true, so that Spark treat them as string type as same as Spark 3.0 and earlier
    389
    390                1234
    391                Time taken: 4.265 seconds, Fetched 1 row(s)
    392
    393            This shows that Spark doesn't truncate the value into '12', which is inconsistent with
    394            what other dialects (e.g. postgres) do, so we need to drop the length to transpile correctly.
    395
    396            Reference: https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-ref-datatypes.html
    397            """
    398            this = super()._parse_types(
    399                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
    400            )
    401
    402            if this and not schema:
    403                return this.transform(
    404                    lambda node: (
    405                        node.replace(exp.DataType.build("text"))
    406                        if isinstance(node, exp.DataType) and node.is_type("char", "varchar")
    407                        else node
    408                    ),
    409                    copy=False,
    410                )
    411
    412            return this
    413
    414        def _parse_partition_and_order(
    415            self,
    416        ) -> t.Tuple[t.List[exp.Expression], t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    417            return (
    418                (
    419                    self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    420                    if self._match_set({TokenType.PARTITION_BY, TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY})
    421                    else []
    422                ),
    423                super()._parse_order(skip_order_token=self._match(TokenType.SORT_BY)),
    424            )

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
STRICT_CAST = False
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <function _build_with_ignore_nulls.<locals>._parse>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <function _build_with_ignore_nulls.<locals>._parse>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <function _build_with_ignore_nulls.<locals>._parse>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <function _build_with_ignore_nulls.<locals>._parse>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'COLLECT_LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'COLLECT_SET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'GET_JSON_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'LOCATE': <function locate_to_strposition>, 'PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'PERCENTILE_APPROX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'TO_DATE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'UNBASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'UNIX_TIMESTAMP': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IF': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NEXT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH SERDEPROPERTIES': <function Hive.Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  FUNCTION_PARSERS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Hive.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    426    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    427        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    428        TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
    429        JOIN_HINTS = False
    430        TABLE_HINTS = False
    431        QUERY_HINTS = False
    432        INDEX_ON = "ON TABLE"
    433        EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
    434        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    435        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    436        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    437        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    438
    439        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
    440            exp.Insert,
    441            exp.Select,
    442            exp.Subquery,
    443            exp.Union,
    444        }
    445
    446        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    447            exp.JSONPathKey,
    448            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    449            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    450            exp.JSONPathWildcard,
    451        }
    452
    453        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    454            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    455            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.TIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BINARY",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BINARY",
    462        }
    463
    464        TRANSFORMS = {
    465            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    466            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    467            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    468                [
    469                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    470                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    471                    transforms.unnest_to_explode,
    472                ]
    473            ),
    474            exp.Property: _property_sql,
    475            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("FIRST"),
    476            exp.ApproxDistinct: approx_count_distinct_sql,
    477            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    478            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    479            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    480            exp.ArrayToString: lambda self, e: self.func("CONCAT_WS", e.expression, e.this),
    481            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("SIZE"),
    482            exp.ArraySort: _array_sort_sql,
    483            exp.With: no_recursive_cte_sql,
    484            exp.DateAdd: _add_date_sql,
    485            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    486            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    487            exp.DateSub: _add_date_sql,
    488            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    489            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    490            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    491            e: f"TO_DATE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), {Hive.DATEINT_FORMAT})",
    492            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    493            e: f"STORED AS {self.sql(e, 'this') if isinstance(e.this, exp.InputOutputFormat) else e.name.upper()}",
    494            exp.FromBase64: rename_func("UNBASE64"),
    495            exp.If: if_sql(),
    496            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    497            exp.IsNan: rename_func("ISNAN"),
    498            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression),
    499            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    500                "GET_JSON_OBJECT", e.this, e.expression
    501            ),
    502            exp.JSONFormat: _json_format_sql,
    503            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    504            exp.Map: var_map_sql,
    505            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    506            exp.MD5Digest: lambda self, e: self.func("UNHEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    507            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    508            exp.MonthsBetween: lambda self, e: self.func("MONTHS_BETWEEN", e.this, e.expression),
    509            exp.NotNullColumnConstraint: lambda _, e: (
    510                "" if e.args.get("allow_null") else "NOT NULL"
    511            ),
    512            exp.VarMap: var_map_sql,
    513            exp.Create: preprocess(
    514                [
    515                    remove_unique_constraints,
    516                    ctas_with_tmp_tables_to_create_tmp_view,
    517                    move_schema_columns_to_partitioned_by,
    518                ]
    519            ),
    520            exp.Quantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE"),
    521            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("PERCENTILE_APPROX"),
    522            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    523            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    524            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "RLIKE"),
    525            exp.RegexpSplit: rename_func("SPLIT"),
    526            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    527            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    528            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    529            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("COLLECT_SET"),
    530            exp.Split: lambda self, e: self.func(
    531                "SPLIT", e.this, self.func("CONCAT", "'\\\\Q'", e.expression)
    532            ),
    533            exp.StrPosition: strposition_to_locate_sql,
    534            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_date_sql,
    535            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    536            exp.StrToUnix: _str_to_unix_sql,
    537            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    538            exp.TimeStrToDate: rename_func("TO_DATE"),
    539            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    540            exp.TimeStrToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    541            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    542            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("UNIX_TIMESTAMP"),
    543            exp.ToBase64: rename_func("BASE64"),
    544            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    545            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    546            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _add_date_sql,
    547            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    548            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _to_date_sql,
    549            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    550            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    551                "FROM_UNIXTIME", e.this, time_format("hive")(self, e)
    552            ),
    553            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    554            exp.UnixToTimeStr: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    555            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITIONED BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    556            exp.SerdeProperties: lambda self, e: self.properties(e, prefix="WITH SERDEPROPERTIES"),
    557            exp.NumberToStr: rename_func("FORMAT_NUMBER"),
    558            exp.National: lambda self, e: self.national_sql(e, prefix=""),
    559            exp.ClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    560            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    561            exp.NonClusteredColumnConstraint: lambda self,
    562            e: f"({self.expressions(e, 'this', indent=False)})",
    563            exp.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "",
    564            exp.OnProperty: lambda *_: "",
    565            exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "PRIMARY KEY",
    566        }
    567
    568        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    569            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    570            exp.FileFormatProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    571            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    572            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    573            exp.WithDataProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    574        }
    575
    576        def _jsonpathkey_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathKey) -> str:
    577            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.JSONPathWildcard):
    578                self.unsupported("Unsupported wildcard in JSONPathKey expression")
    579                return ""
    580
    581            return super()._jsonpathkey_sql(expression)
    582
    583        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    584            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    585            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    586
    587            parent = expression.parent
    588            this = f"{this}:{expression_sql}" if expression_sql else this
    589
    590            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    591                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    592                return this
    593
    594            return f"${{{this}}}"
    595
    596        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    597            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    598                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    599                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    600
    601            return super().schema_sql(expression)
    602
    603        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    604            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    605                prop.pop()
    606
    607            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    608            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    609            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
    610
    611        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    612            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    613            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    614            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"
    615
    616        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    617            return self.func(
    618                "COLLECT_LIST",
    619                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    620            )
    621
    622        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    623            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))
    624
    625        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    626            if expression.this in self.PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES and (
    627                not expression.expressions or expression.expressions[0].name == "MAX"
    628            ):
    629                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    630            elif expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) and expression.expressions:
    631                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
    632            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    633                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    634            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    635                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    636                if size_expression:
    637                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    638                    expression = (
    639                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    640                    )
    641
    642            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    643
    644        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    645            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    646            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)
    647
    648        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    649            values = []
    650
    651            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    652                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    653                    self.unsupported("Hive does not support named structs.")
    654                    values.append(e.expression)
    655                else:
    656                    values.append(e)
    657
    658            return self.func("STRUCT", *values)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
INDEX_ON = 'ON TABLE'
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Insert'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BINARY'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function var_map_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <function _property_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function approx_count_distinct_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>: <function _array_sort_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function no_recursive_cte_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _date_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function _json_format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function var_map_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotNullColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function strposition_to_locate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>: <function _str_to_unix_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _add_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _date_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function no_trycast_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.National'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint'>: <function Hive.Generator.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def parameter_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Parameter ) -> str: View Source

    583        def parameter_sql(self, expression: exp.Parameter) -> str:
    584            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    585            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    586
    587            parent = expression.parent
    588            this = f"{this}:{expression_sql}" if expression_sql else this
    589
    590            if isinstance(parent, exp.EQ) and isinstance(parent.parent, exp.SetItem):
    591                # We need to produce SET key = value instead of SET ${key} = value
    592                return this
    593
    594            return f"${{{this}}}"

def schema_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Schema ) -> str: View Source

    596        def schema_sql(self, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
    597            for ordered in expression.find_all(exp.Ordered):
    598                if ordered.args.get("desc") is False:
    599                    ordered.set("desc", None)
    600
    601            return super().schema_sql(expression)

def constraint_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Constraint ) -> str: View Source

    603        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
    604            for prop in list(expression.find_all(exp.Properties)):
    605                prop.pop()
    606
    607            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    608            expressions = self.expressions(expression, sep=" ", flat=True)
    609            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"

def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty ) -> str: View Source

    611        def rowformatserdeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.RowFormatSerdeProperty) -> str:
    612            serde_props = self.sql(expression, "serde_properties")
    613            serde_props = f" {serde_props}" if serde_props else ""
    614            return f"ROW FORMAT SERDE {self.sql(expression, 'this')}{serde_props}"

def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg ) -> str: View Source

    616        def arrayagg_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAgg) -> str:
    617            return self.func(
    618                "COLLECT_LIST",
    619                expression.this.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order) else expression.this,
    620            )

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties ) -> str: View Source

    622        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    623            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("TBLPROPERTIES"))

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType ) -> str: View Source

    625        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    626            if expression.this in self.PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES and (
    627                not expression.expressions or expression.expressions[0].name == "MAX"
    628            ):
    629                expression = exp.DataType.build("text")
    630            elif expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) and expression.expressions:
    631                expression.set("this", exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
    632            elif expression.this in exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES:
    633                expression = exp.DataType.build(expression.this)
    634            elif expression.is_type("float"):
    635                size_expression = expression.find(exp.DataTypeParam)
    636                if size_expression:
    637                    size = int(size_expression.name)
    638                    expression = (
    639                        exp.DataType.build("float") if size <= 32 else exp.DataType.build("double")
    640                    )
    641
    642            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version ) -> str: View Source

    644        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    645            sql = super().version_sql(expression)
    646            return sql.replace("FOR ", "", 1)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct ) -> str: View Source

    648        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    649            values = []
    650
    651            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    652                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    653                    self.unsupported("Hive does not support named structs.")
    654                    values.append(e.expression)
    655                else:
    656                    values.append(e)
    657
    658            return self.func("STRUCT", *values)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  intersect_op
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  generateseries_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql