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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      9    Dialect,
     10    NormalizationStrategy,
     11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
     12    binary_from_function,
     13    date_add_interval_sql,
     14    datestrtodate_sql,
     15    build_formatted_time,
     16    filter_array_using_unnest,
     17    if_sql,
     18    inline_array_unless_query,
     19    max_or_greatest,
     20    min_or_least,
     21    no_ilike_sql,
     22    build_date_delta_with_interval,
     23    regexp_replace_sql,
     24    rename_func,
     25    sha256_sql,
     26    timestrtotime_sql,
     27    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     28    unit_to_var,
     29)
     30from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     31from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     32
     33if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     34    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
     35
     36logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     37
     38
     39def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     40    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     41        return self.values_sql(expression)
     42
     43    structs = []
     44    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     45    for tup in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple):
     46        field_aliases = (
     47            alias.columns
     48            if alias and alias.columns
     49            else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(tup.expressions)))
     50        )
     51        expressions = [
     52            exp.PropertyEQ(this=exp.to_identifier(name), expression=fld)
     53            for name, fld in zip(field_aliases, tup.expressions)
     54        ]
     55        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=expressions))
     56
     57    # Due to `UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY`, it is expected that the table alias be contained in the columns expression
     58    alias_name_only = exp.TableAlias(columns=[alias.this]) if alias else None
     59    return self.unnest_sql(
     60        exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.array(*structs, copy=False)], alias=alias_name_only)
     61    )
     62
     63
     64def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     65    this = expression.this
     66    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     67        this = f"{self.sql(this, 'this')} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     68    else:
     69        this = self.sql(this)
     70    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     71
     72
     73def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     74    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     75    if expression.kind == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     76        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     77
     78        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     79            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     80
     81    return self.create_sql(expression)
     82
     83
     84# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
     85# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
     86# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
     87# SELECT y + 1 z
     88# FROM x
     89# GROUP BY x + 1
     90# ORDER by z
     91def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     92    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     93        group = expression.args.get("group")
     94        order = expression.args.get("order")
     95
     96        if group and order:
     97            aliases = {
     98                select.this: select.args["alias"]
     99                for select in expression.selects
    100                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    101            }
    102
    103            for grouped in group.expressions:
    104                if grouped.is_int:
    105                    continue
    106                alias = aliases.get(grouped)
    107                if alias:
    108                    grouped.replace(exp.column(alias))
    109
    110    return expression
    111
    112
    113def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    114    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    115    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    116        cte_query = expression.this
    117
    118        if cte_query.is_star:
    119            logger.warning(
    120                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    121                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    122            )
    123            return expression
    124
    125        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    126        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    127
    128        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    129            to_replace = select
    130
    131            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    132                select = select.this
    133
    134            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    135            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    136
    137    return expression
    138
    139
    140def _build_parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    141    this = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    142    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    143    return this
    144
    145
    146def _build_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.Timestamp:
    147    timestamp = exp.Timestamp.from_arg_list(args)
    148    timestamp.set("with_tz", True)
    149    return timestamp
    150
    151
    152def _build_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    153    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    154    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    155
    156
    157def _build_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    158    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    159    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    160    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.LowerHex(this=arg)
    161
    162
    163def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
    164    return self.sql(
    165        exp.Exists(
    166            this=exp.select("1")
    167            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
    168            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
    169        )
    170    )
    171
    172
    173def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    174    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
    175
    176
    177def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    178    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
    179    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
    180    unit = unit_to_var(expression)
    181    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
    182
    183
    184def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    185    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    186    timestamp = expression.this
    187
    188    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    189        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", timestamp)
    190    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
    191        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MILLIS", timestamp)
    192    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
    193        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MICROS", timestamp)
    194
    195    unix_seconds = exp.cast(
    196        exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT
    197    )
    198    return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", unix_seconds)
    199
    200
    201def _build_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    202    if len(args) == 1:
    203        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
    204    if len(args) == 2:
    205        return exp.Time.from_arg_list(args)
    206    return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    207
    208
    209def _build_datetime(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    210    if len(args) == 1:
    211        return exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp.from_arg_list(args)
    212    if len(args) == 2:
    213        return exp.Datetime.from_arg_list(args)
    214    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    215
    216
    217def _build_regexp_extract(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpExtract:
    218    try:
    219        group = re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1
    220    except re.error:
    221        group = False
    222
    223    return exp.RegexpExtract(
    224        this=seq_get(args, 0),
    225        expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    226        position=seq_get(args, 2),
    227        occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    228        group=exp.Literal.number(1) if group else None,
    229    )
    230
    231
    232def _str_to_datetime_sql(
    233    self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime
    234) -> str:
    235    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    236    dtype = "DATE" if isinstance(expression, exp.StrToDate) else "TIMESTAMP"
    237
    238    if expression.args.get("safe"):
    239        fmt = self.format_time(
    240            expression,
    241            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING,
    242            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE,
    243        )
    244        return f"SAFE_CAST({this} AS {dtype} FORMAT {fmt})"
    245
    246    fmt = self.format_time(expression)
    247    return self.func(f"PARSE_{dtype}", fmt, this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    248
    249
    250class BigQuery(Dialect):
    251    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
    252    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    253    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    254    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    255    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    256    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
    257    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
    258    EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True
    259
    260    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    261    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    262
    263    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    264    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    265
    266    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
    267    TIME_MAPPING = {
    268        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    269        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
    270        "%e": "%-d",
    271    }
    272
    273    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    274        "DD": "%d",
    275        "MM": "%m",
    276        "MON": "%b",
    277        "MONTH": "%B",
    278        "YYYY": "%Y",
    279        "YY": "%y",
    280        "HH": "%I",
    281        "HH12": "%I",
    282        "HH24": "%H",
    283        "MI": "%M",
    284        "SS": "%S",
    285        "SSSSS": "%f",
    286        "TZH": "%z",
    287    }
    288
    289    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    290    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    291    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    292
    293    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
    294    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
    295
    296    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    297        if (
    298            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    299            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    300        ):
    301            parent = expression.parent
    302            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    303                parent = parent.parent
    304
    305            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    306            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    307            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    308            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    309            case_sensitive = (
    310                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    311                or (
    312                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    313                    and parent.db
    314                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    315                )
    316                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    317            )
    318            if not case_sensitive:
    319                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    320
    321        return expression
    322
    323    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    324        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    325        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    326        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    327        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    328
    329        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    330
    331        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    332            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    333        ]
    334
    335        RAW_STRINGS = [
    336            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    337        ]
    338
    339        KEYWORDS = {
    340            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    341            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    342            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    343            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    344            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    345            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    346            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    347            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    348            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    349            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    350            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    351            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    352            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    353            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    354            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    355            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    356            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    357        }
    358        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    359        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    360        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    361
    362    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    363        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    364        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    365        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    366
    367        FUNCTIONS = {
    368            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    369            "DATE": _build_date,
    370            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    371            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    372            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    373                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    374                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    375            ),
    376            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    377            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    378            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    379            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    380            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    381                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    382            ),
    383            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    384            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    385                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    386            ),
    387            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    388            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    389            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    390            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    391                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    392            ),
    393            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    394            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    395            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract,
    396            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    397            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    398            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    399                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    400                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    401                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    402            ),
    403            "TIME": _build_time,
    404            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    405            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    406            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    407            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    408            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    409            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    410                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    411            ),
    412            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    413                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    414            ),
    415            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    416            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    417            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    418                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    419            ),
    420        }
    421
    422        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    423            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    424            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    425        }
    426        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    427
    428        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    429            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    430            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    431        }
    432
    433        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    434            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    435            TokenType.TABLE,
    436        }
    437
    438        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    439            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    440            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    441                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    442            ),
    443            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    444        }
    445
    446        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    447            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    448            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    449        }
    450
    451        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    452        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    453
    454        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    455
    456        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    457            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    458            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    459            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    460            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    461        }
    462
    463        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    464            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    465            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    466            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    467            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    468        }
    469
    470        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    471            this = self._parse_range()
    472            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    473            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    474
    475        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    476            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    477
    478            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    479            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    480                table_name = this.name
    481                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    482                    text = ""
    483                    while self._is_connected() and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    484                        self._advance()
    485                        text += self._prev.text
    486                    table_name += text
    487
    488                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    489            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    490                table_name = this.name
    491
    492                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    493                    table_name += self._prev.text
    494
    495                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    496
    497            return this
    498
    499        def _parse_table_parts(
    500            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    501        ) -> exp.Table:
    502            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    503                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    504            )
    505
    506            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    507            if not table.catalog:
    508                if table.db:
    509                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    510                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    511                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    512                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    513                else:
    514                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    515                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    516                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    517                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    518
    519            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    520                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    521                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    522                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    523                )
    524
    525                if rest and this:
    526                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    527
    528                table = exp.Table(
    529                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    530                )
    531                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    532
    533            return table
    534
    535        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    536            column = super()._parse_column()
    537            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    538                parts = column.parts
    539                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    540                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    541                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    542                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    543                    )
    544
    545                    if rest and this:
    546                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    547
    548                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    549                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    550
    551            return column
    552
    553        @t.overload
    554        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    555
    556        @t.overload
    557        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    558
    559        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    560            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    561            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    562
    563            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    564            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    565            if (
    566                array_kv_pair
    567                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    568                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    569            ):
    570                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    571                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    572
    573                json_object.set(
    574                    "expressions",
    575                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    576                )
    577
    578            return json_object
    579
    580        def _parse_bracket(
    581            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    582        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    583            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    584
    585            if this is bracket:
    586                return bracket
    587
    588            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    589                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    590                    name = expression.name.upper()
    591
    592                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    593                        break
    594
    595                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    596                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    597                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    598                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    599
    600            return bracket
    601
    602        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    603            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    604
    605            if not unnest:
    606                return None
    607
    608            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    609            if unnest_expr:
    610                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    611
    612                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
    613
    614                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    615                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    616                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    617                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    618                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    619                ):
    620                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    621
    622            return unnest
    623
    624    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    625        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    626        JOIN_HINTS = False
    627        QUERY_HINTS = False
    628        TABLE_HINTS = False
    629        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    630        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    631        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    632        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    633        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    634        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    635        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    636        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    637        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    638        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    639        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    640        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    641        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    642        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    643        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    644        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    645        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
    646        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
    647        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    648
    649        TRANSFORMS = {
    650            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    651            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    652            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    653            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    654            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    655            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    656            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    657            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    658            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    659            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    660                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    661                if e.args.get("default")
    662                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    663            ),
    664            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    665            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    666            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    667            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    668            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    669            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    670                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    671            ),
    672            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    673            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    674            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    675            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    676            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    677            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    678            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    679                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    680            ),
    681            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    682            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    683            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
    684            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    685            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    686            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    687            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    688            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    689            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    690            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    691            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    692            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    693            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    694                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    695                e.this,
    696                e.expression,
    697                e.args.get("position"),
    698                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    699            ),
    700            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    701            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    702            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    703            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    704            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    705                [
    706                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    707                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    708                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    709                    _alias_ordered_group,
    710                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    711                ]
    712            ),
    713            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    714            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    715            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    716                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    717            ),
    718            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    719            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    720            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    721            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    722            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    723            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    724            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    725            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    726            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    727            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    728            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    729            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    730            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    731            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    732            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    733            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    734            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    735            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    736            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
    737            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    738            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    739        }
    740
    741        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    742            exp.JSONPathKey,
    743            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    744            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    745        }
    746
    747        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    748            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    749            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    750            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    751            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    752            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    753            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    754            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    755            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    756            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    757            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    758            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    759            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    760            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    761            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    762            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    763            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    764            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    765            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    766            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    767            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    768            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    769            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    770            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    771        }
    772
    773        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    774            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    775            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    776            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    777        }
    778
    779        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    780        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    781        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    782            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    783            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    784        }
    785
    786        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    787        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    788            "all",
    789            "and",
    790            "any",
    791            "array",
    792            "as",
    793            "asc",
    794            "assert_rows_modified",
    795            "at",
    796            "between",
    797            "by",
    798            "case",
    799            "cast",
    800            "collate",
    801            "contains",
    802            "create",
    803            "cross",
    804            "cube",
    805            "current",
    806            "default",
    807            "define",
    808            "desc",
    809            "distinct",
    810            "else",
    811            "end",
    812            "enum",
    813            "escape",
    814            "except",
    815            "exclude",
    816            "exists",
    817            "extract",
    818            "false",
    819            "fetch",
    820            "following",
    821            "for",
    822            "from",
    823            "full",
    824            "group",
    825            "grouping",
    826            "groups",
    827            "hash",
    828            "having",
    829            "if",
    830            "ignore",
    831            "in",
    832            "inner",
    833            "intersect",
    834            "interval",
    835            "into",
    836            "is",
    837            "join",
    838            "lateral",
    839            "left",
    840            "like",
    841            "limit",
    842            "lookup",
    843            "merge",
    844            "natural",
    845            "new",
    846            "no",
    847            "not",
    848            "null",
    849            "nulls",
    850            "of",
    851            "on",
    852            "or",
    853            "order",
    854            "outer",
    855            "over",
    856            "partition",
    857            "preceding",
    858            "proto",
    859            "qualify",
    860            "range",
    861            "recursive",
    862            "respect",
    863            "right",
    864            "rollup",
    865            "rows",
    866            "select",
    867            "set",
    868            "some",
    869            "struct",
    870            "tablesample",
    871            "then",
    872            "to",
    873            "treat",
    874            "true",
    875            "unbounded",
    876            "union",
    877            "unnest",
    878            "using",
    879            "when",
    880            "where",
    881            "window",
    882            "with",
    883            "within",
    884        }
    885
    886        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    887            this = expression.this
    888            expr = expression.expression
    889            return self.func(
    890                "MOD",
    891                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    892                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    893            )
    894
    895        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    896            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    897                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    898                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    899                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    900                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    901                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    902
    903            return super().column_parts(expression)
    904
    905        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    906            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    907            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    908            #
    909            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    910            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    911            #
    912            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    913            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    914            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    915                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    916                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    917
    918            return super().table_parts(expression)
    919
    920        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    921            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    922                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    923            else:
    924                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    925            this = (
    926                expression.this
    927                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    928                else expression
    929            )
    930            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    931
    932        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    933            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    934            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    935                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    936                    return "NULL"
    937
    938            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    939
    940        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    941            parent = expression.parent
    942
    943            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    944            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    945            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    946                return self.func(
    947                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    948                )
    949
    950            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    951
    952        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    953            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    954
    955        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    956            this = expression.this
    957            expressions = expression.expressions
    958
    959            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    960                arg = expressions[0]
    961                if arg.type is None:
    962                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    963
    964                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    965
    966                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    967                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    968                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    969
    970            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    971            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    972
    973            if offset == 0:
    974                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    975            elif offset == 1:
    976                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    977            elif offset is not None:
    978                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    979
    980            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    981                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    982
    983            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    984
    985        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    986            return self.sql(expression)
    987
    988        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    989            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    990                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    991            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    251class BigQuery(Dialect):
    252    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
    253    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    254    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    255    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    256    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    257    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
    258    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
    259    EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True
    260
    261    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    262    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    263
    264    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    265    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    266
    267    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
    268    TIME_MAPPING = {
    269        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    270        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
    271        "%e": "%-d",
    272    }
    273
    274    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    275        "DD": "%d",
    276        "MM": "%m",
    277        "MON": "%b",
    278        "MONTH": "%B",
    279        "YYYY": "%Y",
    280        "YY": "%y",
    281        "HH": "%I",
    282        "HH12": "%I",
    283        "HH24": "%H",
    284        "MI": "%M",
    285        "SS": "%S",
    286        "SSSSS": "%f",
    287        "TZH": "%z",
    288    }
    289
    290    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    291    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    292    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    293
    294    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
    295    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
    296
    297    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    298        if (
    299            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    300            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    301        ):
    302            parent = expression.parent
    303            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    304                parent = parent.parent
    305
    306            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    307            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    308            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    309            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    310            case_sensitive = (
    311                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    312                or (
    313                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    314                    and parent.db
    315                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    316                )
    317                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    318            )
    319            if not case_sensitive:
    320                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    321
    322        return expression
    323
    324    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    325        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    326        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    327        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    328        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    329
    330        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    331
    332        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    333            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    334        ]
    335
    336        RAW_STRINGS = [
    337            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    338        ]
    339
    340        KEYWORDS = {
    341            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    342            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    343            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    344            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    345            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    346            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    347            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    348            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    349            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    350            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    351            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    352            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    353            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    354            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    355            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    356            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    357            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    358        }
    359        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    360        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    361        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    362
    363    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    364        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    365        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    366        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    367
    368        FUNCTIONS = {
    369            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    370            "DATE": _build_date,
    371            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    372            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    373            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    374                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    375                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    376            ),
    377            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    378            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    379            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    380            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    381            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    382                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    383            ),
    384            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    385            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    386                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    387            ),
    388            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    389            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    390            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    391            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    392                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    393            ),
    394            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    395            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    396            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract,
    397            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    398            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    399            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    400                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    401                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    402                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    403            ),
    404            "TIME": _build_time,
    405            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    406            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    407            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    408            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    409            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    410            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    411                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    412            ),
    413            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    414                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    415            ),
    416            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    417            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    418            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    419                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    420            ),
    421        }
    422
    423        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    424            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    425            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    426        }
    427        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    428
    429        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    430            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    431            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    432        }
    433
    434        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    435            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    436            TokenType.TABLE,
    437        }
    438
    439        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    440            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    441            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    442                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    443            ),
    444            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    445        }
    446
    447        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    448            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    449            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    450        }
    451
    452        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    453        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    454
    455        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    456
    457        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    458            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    459            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    460            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    461            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    462        }
    463
    464        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    465            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    466            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    467            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    468            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    469        }
    470
    471        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    472            this = self._parse_range()
    473            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    474            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    475
    476        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    477            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    478
    479            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    480            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    481                table_name = this.name
    482                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    483                    text = ""
    484                    while self._is_connected() and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    485                        self._advance()
    486                        text += self._prev.text
    487                    table_name += text
    488
    489                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    490            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    491                table_name = this.name
    492
    493                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    494                    table_name += self._prev.text
    495
    496                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    497
    498            return this
    499
    500        def _parse_table_parts(
    501            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    502        ) -> exp.Table:
    503            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    504                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    505            )
    506
    507            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    508            if not table.catalog:
    509                if table.db:
    510                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    511                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    512                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    513                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    514                else:
    515                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    516                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    517                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    518                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    519
    520            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    521                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    522                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    523                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    524                )
    525
    526                if rest and this:
    527                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    528
    529                table = exp.Table(
    530                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    531                )
    532                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    533
    534            return table
    535
    536        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    537            column = super()._parse_column()
    538            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    539                parts = column.parts
    540                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    541                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    542                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    543                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    544                    )
    545
    546                    if rest and this:
    547                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    548
    549                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    550                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    551
    552            return column
    553
    554        @t.overload
    555        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    556
    557        @t.overload
    558        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    559
    560        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    561            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    562            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    563
    564            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    565            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    566            if (
    567                array_kv_pair
    568                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    569                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    570            ):
    571                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    572                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    573
    574                json_object.set(
    575                    "expressions",
    576                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    577                )
    578
    579            return json_object
    580
    581        def _parse_bracket(
    582            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    583        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    584            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    585
    586            if this is bracket:
    587                return bracket
    588
    589            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    590                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    591                    name = expression.name.upper()
    592
    593                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    594                        break
    595
    596                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    597                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    598                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    599                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    600
    601            return bracket
    602
    603        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    604            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    605
    606            if not unnest:
    607                return None
    608
    609            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    610            if unnest_expr:
    611                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    612
    613                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
    614
    615                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    616                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    617                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    618                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    619                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    620                ):
    621                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    622
    623            return unnest
    624
    625    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    626        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    627        JOIN_HINTS = False
    628        QUERY_HINTS = False
    629        TABLE_HINTS = False
    630        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    631        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    632        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    633        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    634        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    635        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    636        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    637        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    638        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    639        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    640        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    641        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    642        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    643        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    644        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    645        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    646        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
    647        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
    648        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    649
    650        TRANSFORMS = {
    651            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    652            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    653            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    654            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    655            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    656            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    657            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    658            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    659            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    660            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    661                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    662                if e.args.get("default")
    663                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    664            ),
    665            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    666            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    667            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    668            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    669            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    670            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    671                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    672            ),
    673            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    674            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    675            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    676            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    677            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    678            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    679            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    680                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    681            ),
    682            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    683            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    684            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
    685            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    686            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    687            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    688            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    689            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    690            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    691            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    692            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    693            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    694            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    695                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    696                e.this,
    697                e.expression,
    698                e.args.get("position"),
    699                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    700            ),
    701            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    702            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    703            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    704            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    705            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    706                [
    707                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    708                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    709                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    710                    _alias_ordered_group,
    711                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    712                ]
    713            ),
    714            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    715            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    716            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    717                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    718            ),
    719            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    720            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    721            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    722            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    723            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    724            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    725            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    726            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    727            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    728            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    729            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    730            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    731            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    732            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    733            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    734            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    735            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    736            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    737            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
    738            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    739            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    740        }
    741
    742        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    743            exp.JSONPathKey,
    744            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    745            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    746        }
    747
    748        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    749            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    750            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    751            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    752            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    753            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    754            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    755            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    756            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    757            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    758            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    759            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    760            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    761            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    762            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    763            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    764            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    765            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    766            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    767            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    768            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    769            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    770            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    771            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    772        }
    773
    774        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    775            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    776            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    777            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    778        }
    779
    780        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    781        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    782        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    783            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    784            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    785        }
    786
    787        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    788        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    789            "all",
    790            "and",
    791            "any",
    792            "array",
    793            "as",
    794            "asc",
    795            "assert_rows_modified",
    796            "at",
    797            "between",
    798            "by",
    799            "case",
    800            "cast",
    801            "collate",
    802            "contains",
    803            "create",
    804            "cross",
    805            "cube",
    806            "current",
    807            "default",
    808            "define",
    809            "desc",
    810            "distinct",
    811            "else",
    812            "end",
    813            "enum",
    814            "escape",
    815            "except",
    816            "exclude",
    817            "exists",
    818            "extract",
    819            "false",
    820            "fetch",
    821            "following",
    822            "for",
    823            "from",
    824            "full",
    825            "group",
    826            "grouping",
    827            "groups",
    828            "hash",
    829            "having",
    830            "if",
    831            "ignore",
    832            "in",
    833            "inner",
    834            "intersect",
    835            "interval",
    836            "into",
    837            "is",
    838            "join",
    839            "lateral",
    840            "left",
    841            "like",
    842            "limit",
    843            "lookup",
    844            "merge",
    845            "natural",
    846            "new",
    847            "no",
    848            "not",
    849            "null",
    850            "nulls",
    851            "of",
    852            "on",
    853            "or",
    854            "order",
    855            "outer",
    856            "over",
    857            "partition",
    858            "preceding",
    859            "proto",
    860            "qualify",
    861            "range",
    862            "recursive",
    863            "respect",
    864            "right",
    865            "rollup",
    866            "rows",
    867            "select",
    868            "set",
    869            "some",
    870            "struct",
    871            "tablesample",
    872            "then",
    873            "to",
    874            "treat",
    875            "true",
    876            "unbounded",
    877            "union",
    878            "unnest",
    879            "using",
    880            "when",
    881            "where",
    882            "window",
    883            "with",
    884            "within",
    885        }
    886
    887        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    888            this = expression.this
    889            expr = expression.expression
    890            return self.func(
    891                "MOD",
    892                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    893                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    894            )
    895
    896        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    897            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    898                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    899                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    900                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    901                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    902                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    903
    904            return super().column_parts(expression)
    905
    906        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    907            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    908            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    909            #
    910            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    911            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    912            #
    913            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    914            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    915            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    916                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    917                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    918
    919            return super().table_parts(expression)
    920
    921        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    922            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    923                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    924            else:
    925                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    926            this = (
    927                expression.this
    928                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    929                else expression
    930            )
    931            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    932
    933        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    934            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    935            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    936                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    937                    return "NULL"
    938
    939            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    940
    941        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    942            parent = expression.parent
    943
    944            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    945            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    946            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    947                return self.func(
    948                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    949                )
    950
    951            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    952
    953        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    954            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    955
    956        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    957            this = expression.this
    958            expressions = expression.expressions
    959
    960            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    961                arg = expressions[0]
    962                if arg.type is None:
    963                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    964
    965                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    966
    967                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    968                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    969                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    970
    971            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    972            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    973
    974            if offset == 0:
    975                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    976            elif offset == 1:
    977                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    978            elif offset is not None:
    979                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    980
    981            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    982                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    983
    984            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    985
    986        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    987            return self.sql(expression)
    988
    989        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    990            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    991                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    992            return super().version_sql(expression)

WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether `UNNEST` table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

HEX_LOWERCASE = True

Whether the `HEX` function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string.

FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True

Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).

###### For example:

> WITH data AS ( SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS my_id ) SELECT id AS my_id FROM data WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY my_id, HAVING my_id = 1

In most dialects, "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" across the query, except: - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1" - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"

EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True

Whether alias reference expansion before qualification should only happen for the GROUP BY clause.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

###### Possible values:

> "upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E6S': '%S.%f', '%e': '%-d'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax `CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy')`. If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of `TIME_MAPPING`.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from `SELECT *` queries.

SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: Dict[Type[sqlglot.expressions.Expression], Optional[bool]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: None}

Whether a set operation uses DISTINCT by default. This is `None` when either `DISTINCT` or `ALL` must be explicitly specified.

def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    297    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    298        if (
    299            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    300            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    301        ):
    302            parent = expression.parent
    303            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    304                parent = parent.parent
    305
    306            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    307            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    308            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    309            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    310            case_sensitive = (
    311                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    312                or (
    313                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    314                    and parent.db
    315                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    316                )
    317                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    318            )
    319            if not case_sensitive:
    320                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    321
    322        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'6': {'S': {0: True}}}, 'e': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S', '%-d': '%e'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%d': 'DD', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%y': 'YY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%S': 'SS', '%f': 'SSSSS', '%z': 'TZH'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'d': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NULL_ORDERING
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    324    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    325        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    326        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    327        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    328        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    329
    330        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    331
    332        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    333            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    334        ]
    335
    336        RAW_STRINGS = [
    337            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    338        ]
    339
    340        KEYWORDS = {
    341            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    342            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    343            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    344            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    345            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    346            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    347            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    348            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    349            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    350            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    351            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    352            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    353            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    354            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    355            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    356            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    357            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    358        }
    359        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    360        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    361        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    363    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    364        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    365        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    366        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    367
    368        FUNCTIONS = {
    369            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    370            "DATE": _build_date,
    371            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    372            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    373            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    374                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    375                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    376            ),
    377            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    378            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    379            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    380            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    381            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    382                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    383            ),
    384            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    385            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    386                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    387            ),
    388            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    389            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    390            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    391            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    392                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    393            ),
    394            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    395            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    396            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract,
    397            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    398            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    399            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    400                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    401                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    402                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    403            ),
    404            "TIME": _build_time,
    405            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    406            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    407            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    408            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    409            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    410            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    411                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    412            ),
    413            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    414                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    415            ),
    416            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    417            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    418            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    419                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    420            ),
    421        }
    422
    423        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    424            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    425            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    426        }
    427        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    428
    429        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    430            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    431            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    432        }
    433
    434        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    435            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    436            TokenType.TABLE,
    437        }
    438
    439        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    440            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    441            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    442                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    443            ),
    444            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    445        }
    446
    447        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    448            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    449            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    450        }
    451
    452        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    453        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    454
    455        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    456
    457        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    458            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    459            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    460            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    461            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    462        }
    463
    464        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    465            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    466            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    467            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    468            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    469        }
    470
    471        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    472            this = self._parse_range()
    473            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    474            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    475
    476        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    477            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    478
    479            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    480            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    481                table_name = this.name
    482                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    483                    text = ""
    484                    while self._is_connected() and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    485                        self._advance()
    486                        text += self._prev.text
    487                    table_name += text
    488
    489                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    490            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    491                table_name = this.name
    492
    493                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    494                    table_name += self._prev.text
    495
    496                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    497
    498            return this
    499
    500        def _parse_table_parts(
    501            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    502        ) -> exp.Table:
    503            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    504                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    505            )
    506
    507            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    508            if not table.catalog:
    509                if table.db:
    510                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    511                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    512                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    513                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    514                else:
    515                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    516                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    517                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    518                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    519
    520            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    521                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    522                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    523                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    524                )
    525
    526                if rest and this:
    527                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    528
    529                table = exp.Table(
    530                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    531                )
    532                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    533
    534            return table
    535
    536        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    537            column = super()._parse_column()
    538            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    539                parts = column.parts
    540                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    541                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    542                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    543                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    544                    )
    545
    546                    if rest and this:
    547                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    548
    549                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    550                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    551
    552            return column
    553
    554        @t.overload
    555        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    556
    557        @t.overload
    558        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    559
    560        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    561            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    562            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    563
    564            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    565            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    566            if (
    567                array_kv_pair
    568                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    569                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    570            ):
    571                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    572                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    573
    574                json_object.set(
    575                    "expressions",
    576                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    577                )
    578
    579            return json_object
    580
    581        def _parse_bracket(
    582            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    583        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    584            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    585
    586            if this is bracket:
    587                return bracket
    588
    589            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    590                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    591                    name = expression.name.upper()
    592
    593                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    594                        break
    595
    596                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    597                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    598                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    599                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    600
    601            return bracket
    602
    603        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    604            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    605
    606            if not unnest:
    607                return None
    608
    609            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    610            if unnest_expr:
    611                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    612
    613                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
    614
    615                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    616                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    617                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    618                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    619                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    620                ):
    621                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    622
    623            return unnest

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME': <function _build_datetime>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function _build_regexp_extract>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <function _build_time>, 'TIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <function _build_timestamp>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNPACK_COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnpackColumns'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _build_to_hex>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'FORMAT_DATETIME': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    625    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    626        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    627        JOIN_HINTS = False
    628        QUERY_HINTS = False
    629        TABLE_HINTS = False
    630        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    631        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    632        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    633        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    634        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    635        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    636        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    637        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    638        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    639        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    640        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    641        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    642        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    643        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    644        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    645        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    646        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
    647        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
    648        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    649
    650        TRANSFORMS = {
    651            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    652            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    653            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    654            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    655            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    656            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    657            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    658            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    659            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    660            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    661                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    662                if e.args.get("default")
    663                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    664            ),
    665            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    666            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    667            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    668            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    669            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    670            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    671                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    672            ),
    673            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    674            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    675            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    676            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    677            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    678            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    679            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    680                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    681            ),
    682            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    683            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    684            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
    685            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    686            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    687            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    688            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    689            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    690            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    691            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    692            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    693            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    694            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    695                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    696                e.this,
    697                e.expression,
    698                e.args.get("position"),
    699                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    700            ),
    701            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    702            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    703            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    704            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    705            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    706                [
    707                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    708                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    709                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    710                    _alias_ordered_group,
    711                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    712                ]
    713            ),
    714            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    715            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    716            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    717                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    718            ),
    719            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    720            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    721            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    722            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    723            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    724            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    725            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    726            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    727            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    728            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    729            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    730            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    731            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    732            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    733            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    734            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    735            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    736            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    737            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
    738            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    739            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    740        }
    741
    742        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    743            exp.JSONPathKey,
    744            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    745            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    746        }
    747
    748        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    749            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    750            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    751            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    752            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    753            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    754            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    755            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    756            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    757            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    758            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    759            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    760            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    761            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    762            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    763            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    764            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    765            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    766            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    767            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    768            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    769            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    770            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    771            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    772        }
    773
    774        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    775            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    776            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    777            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    778        }
    779
    780        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    781        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    782        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    783            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    784            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    785        }
    786
    787        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    788        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    789            "all",
    790            "and",
    791            "any",
    792            "array",
    793            "as",
    794            "asc",
    795            "assert_rows_modified",
    796            "at",
    797            "between",
    798            "by",
    799            "case",
    800            "cast",
    801            "collate",
    802            "contains",
    803            "create",
    804            "cross",
    805            "cube",
    806            "current",
    807            "default",
    808            "define",
    809            "desc",
    810            "distinct",
    811            "else",
    812            "end",
    813            "enum",
    814            "escape",
    815            "except",
    816            "exclude",
    817            "exists",
    818            "extract",
    819            "false",
    820            "fetch",
    821            "following",
    822            "for",
    823            "from",
    824            "full",
    825            "group",
    826            "grouping",
    827            "groups",
    828            "hash",
    829            "having",
    830            "if",
    831            "ignore",
    832            "in",
    833            "inner",
    834            "intersect",
    835            "interval",
    836            "into",
    837            "is",
    838            "join",
    839            "lateral",
    840            "left",
    841            "like",
    842            "limit",
    843            "lookup",
    844            "merge",
    845            "natural",
    846            "new",
    847            "no",
    848            "not",
    849            "null",
    850            "nulls",
    851            "of",
    852            "on",
    853            "or",
    854            "order",
    855            "outer",
    856            "over",
    857            "partition",
    858            "preceding",
    859            "proto",
    860            "qualify",
    861            "range",
    862            "recursive",
    863            "respect",
    864            "right",
    865            "rollup",
    866            "rows",
    867            "select",
    868            "set",
    869            "some",
    870            "struct",
    871            "tablesample",
    872            "then",
    873            "to",
    874            "treat",
    875            "true",
    876            "unbounded",
    877            "union",
    878            "unnest",
    879            "using",
    880            "when",
    881            "where",
    882            "window",
    883            "with",
    884            "within",
    885        }
    886
    887        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    888            this = expression.this
    889            expr = expression.expression
    890            return self.func(
    891                "MOD",
    892                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    893                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    894            )
    895
    896        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    897            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    898                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    899                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    900                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    901                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    902                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    903
    904            return super().column_parts(expression)
    905
    906        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    907            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    908            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    909            #
    910            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    911            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    912            #
    913            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    914            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    915            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    916                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    917                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    918
    919            return super().table_parts(expression)
    920
    921        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    922            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    923                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    924            else:
    925                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    926            this = (
    927                expression.this
    928                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    929                else expression
    930            )
    931            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    932
    933        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    934            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    935            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    936                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    937                    return "NULL"
    938
    939            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    940
    941        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    942            parent = expression.parent
    943
    944            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    945            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    946            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    947                return self.func(
    948                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    949                )
    950
    951            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    952
    953        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    954            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    955
    956        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    957            this = expression.this
    958            expressions = expression.expressions
    959
    960            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    961                arg = expressions[0]
    962                if arg.type is None:
    963                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    964
    965                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    966
    967                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    968                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    969                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    970
    971            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    972            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    973
    974            if offset == 0:
    975                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    976            elif offset == 1:
    977                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    978            elif offset is not None:
    979                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    980
    981            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    982                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    983
    984            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    985
    986        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    987            return self.sql(expression)
    988
    989        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    990            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    991                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    992            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '@'
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = 'OPTIONS'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnpackColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_unless_query>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Commit'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rollback'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transaction'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.UUID: 'UUID'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'qualify', 'within', 'by', 'set', 'treat', 'lateral', 'some', 'for', 'respect', 'to', 'extract', 'all', 'create', 'current', 'grouping', 'in', 'range', 'like', 'not', 'assert_rows_modified', 'outer', 'over', 'exclude', 'if', 'unbounded', 'window', 'desc', 'new', 'cube', 'else', 'no', 'from', 'array', 'define', 'right', 'or', 'tablesample', 'asc', 'where', 'when', 'exists', 'between', 'case', 'and', 'interval', 'null', 'following', 'cross', 'union', 'of', 'any', 'struct', 'having', 'escape', 'ignore', 'partition', 'true', 'merge', 'distinct', 'hash', 'order', 'lookup', 'proto', 'unnest', 'intersect', 'join', 'group', 'then', 'cast', 'fetch', 'with', 'enum', 'as', 'into', 'inner', 'groups', 'is', 'natural', 'preceding', 'default', 'rows', 'false', 'except', 'limit', 'collate', 'recursive', 'end', 'full', 'rollup', 'left', 'on', 'select', 'at', 'contains', 'nulls', 'using'}
def mod_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Mod) -> str: View Source

    887        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    888            this = expression.this
    889            expr = expression.expression
    890            return self.func(
    891                "MOD",
    892                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    893                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    894            )

def column_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Column) -> str: View Source

    896        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    897            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    898                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    899                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    900                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    901                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    902                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    903
    904            return super().column_parts(expression)

def table_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Table) -> str: View Source

    906        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    907            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    908            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    909            #
    910            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    911            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    912            #
    913            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    914            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    915            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    916                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    917                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    918
    919            return super().table_parts(expression)

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    921        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    922            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    923                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    924            else:
    925                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    926            this = (
    927                expression.this
    928                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    929                else expression
    930            )
    931            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)

def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str: View Source

    933        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    934            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    935            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    936                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    937                    return "NULL"
    938
    939            return self.binary(expression, "=")

def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    941        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    942            parent = expression.parent
    943
    944            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    945            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    946            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    947                return self.func(
    948                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    949                )
    950
    951            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    953        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    954            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    956        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    957            this = expression.this
    958            expressions = expression.expressions
    959
    960            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    961                arg = expressions[0]
    962                if arg.type is None:
    963                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    964
    965                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    966
    967                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    968                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    969                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    970
    971            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    972            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    973
    974            if offset == 0:
    975                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    976            elif offset == 1:
    977                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    978            elif offset is not None:
    979                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    980
    981            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    982                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    983
    984            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    986        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    987            return self.sql(expression)

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    989        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    990            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    991                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    992            return super().version_sql(expression)

TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_EXCEPT
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  struct_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql