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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_safe_divide_sql,
     20    no_timestamp_sql,
     21    regexp_extract_sql,
     22    rename_func,
     23    right_to_substring_sql,
     24    sha256_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    str_position_sql,
     27    timestamptrunc_sql,
     28    timestrtotime_sql,
     29    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     30    unit_to_str,
     31    sequence_sql,
     32    build_regexp_extract,
     33)
     34from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     35from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     36from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     37from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     38from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     39
     40DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     41
     42
     43def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
     44    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
     45        return self.sql(
     46            exp.Join(
     47                this=exp.Unnest(
     48                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
     49                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
     50                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
     51                ),
     52                kind="cross",
     53            )
     54        )
     55    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
     56
     57
     58def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     59    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     60    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     61
     62
     63def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     64    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     65        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     66    else:
     67        comparator = None
     68    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     69
     70
     71def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     72    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
     73        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     74        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     75
     76    if expression.parent:
     77        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     78            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     79            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     80                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     81
     82    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     83
     84
     85def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     86    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     87    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     88
     89
     90def _str_to_time_sql(
     91    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     92) -> str:
     93    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     94
     95
     96def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     97    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     98    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     99        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
    100    return self.sql(
    101        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
    102    )
    103
    104
    105def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    106    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
    107    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    108    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
    109
    110
    111def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    112    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    113    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    114    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    115    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    116
    117
    118def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    119    if len(args) == 4:
    120        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    121            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    122            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    123            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    124            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    125        )
    126    if len(args) == 3:
    127        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    128            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    129        )
    130    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    131
    132
    133def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    134    if len(args) == 3:
    135        return exp.UnixToTime(
    136            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    137            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    138            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    139        )
    140    if len(args) == 2:
    141        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    142
    143    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    144
    145
    146def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    147    """
    148    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    149    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    150    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    151
    152    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    153    """
    154    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    155        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    156
    157    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    158
    159
    160def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    161    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    162    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    163    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    164        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    165
    166    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    167
    168
    169def _jsonextract_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    170    is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    171
    172    # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    173    # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    174    if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    175        return self.func(
    176            "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    177        )
    178
    179    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    180
    181    # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    182    segments = []
    183    for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    184        if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    185            # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    186            self.unsupported(f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access")
    187            continue
    188        key = path_key.this
    189        if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    190            key = f'"{key}"'
    191        segments.append(f".{key}")
    192
    193    expr = "".join(segments)
    194
    195    return f"{this}{expr}"
    196
    197
    198def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    199    if not expression.type:
    200        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    201
    202        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    203    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    204        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    205    return expression
    206
    207
    208def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    209    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    210    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    211        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    212        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    213
    214    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    215    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    216    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    217
    218
    219def _date_delta_sql(
    220    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    221) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    222    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    223        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
    224        return self.func(
    225            name,
    226            unit_to_str(expression),
    227            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    228            expression.this,
    229        )
    230
    231    return _delta_sql
    232
    233
    234class Presto(Dialect):
    235    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    236    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    237    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    238    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    239    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    240    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    241    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    242    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    243
    244    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    245
    246    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    247    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    248    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    249    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    250
    251    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    252    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    253    ANNOTATORS = {
    254        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    255        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    256        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    257        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    258        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    259        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    260        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    261        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    262        if e.this
    263        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    264    }
    265
    266    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    267        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    268            (prefix + q, q)
    269            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    270            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    271        ]
    272
    273        KEYWORDS = {
    274            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    275            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    276            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    277            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    278            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    279            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    280            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    281            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    282        }
    283        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    284        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    285
    286    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    287        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    288
    289        FUNCTIONS = {
    290            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    291            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    292            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    293            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    294            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    295            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    296            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    297            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    298            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    299            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    300            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    301                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    302            ),
    303            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    304                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    305            ),
    306            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    307            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    308            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    309            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    310            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    311                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    312            ),
    313            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    314            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    315            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    317            ),
    318            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    319            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    320            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    321                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    322                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    323                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    324            ),
    325            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    326            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    327            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    328            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    329            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    330                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    331            ),
    332            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    333            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    334            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    335                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    336            ),
    337            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    338            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    339            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    340        }
    341
    342        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    343        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    344
    345    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    346        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    347        JOIN_HINTS = False
    348        TABLE_HINTS = False
    349        QUERY_HINTS = False
    350        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    351        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    352        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    353        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    354        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    355        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    356        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    357        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    358        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    359        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    360        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    361        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    362        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    363
    364        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    365            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    366            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    367            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    368        }
    369
    370        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    371            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    372            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    373            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    374            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    375            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    376            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    377            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    378            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    379            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    380            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    381            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    382        }
    383
    384        TRANSFORMS = {
    385            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    386            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    387            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    388            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    389            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    390            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    391            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    392            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    393            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    394            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    395            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    396            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    397            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    398            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    399            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    400                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    401            ),
    402            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    403            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    404            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    405                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    406            ),
    407            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    408            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    409            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    410            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    411            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    412                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    413            ),
    414            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    415            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    416            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    417            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    418            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    419            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    420            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    421            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    422            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    423            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    424            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    425            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    426            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    427            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    428            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    429            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    430            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    431            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    432            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    433                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    434            ),
    435            exp.If: if_sql(),
    436            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    437            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    438            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    439            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    440            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    441            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    442            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    443            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    444            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    445            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    446            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    447            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    448            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    449            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    450            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    451            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    452            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    453            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    454            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    455                [
    456                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    457                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    458                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    459                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    460                ]
    461            ),
    462            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    463            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    464            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    465            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    466            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    467            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    468            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    469            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    470            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    471            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    472            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    473            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    474            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    475                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    476            ),
    477            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    478            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    479            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    480            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    481            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    482            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    483            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    484            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    485            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    486            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    487            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    488            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    489            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    490            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    491            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    492            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    493            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    494            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    495                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    496            ),
    497            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    498            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    499            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    500            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    501        }
    502
    503        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    504            "alter",
    505            "and",
    506            "as",
    507            "between",
    508            "by",
    509            "case",
    510            "cast",
    511            "constraint",
    512            "create",
    513            "cross",
    514            "current_time",
    515            "current_timestamp",
    516            "deallocate",
    517            "delete",
    518            "describe",
    519            "distinct",
    520            "drop",
    521            "else",
    522            "end",
    523            "escape",
    524            "except",
    525            "execute",
    526            "exists",
    527            "extract",
    528            "false",
    529            "for",
    530            "from",
    531            "full",
    532            "group",
    533            "having",
    534            "in",
    535            "inner",
    536            "insert",
    537            "intersect",
    538            "into",
    539            "is",
    540            "join",
    541            "left",
    542            "like",
    543            "natural",
    544            "not",
    545            "null",
    546            "on",
    547            "or",
    548            "order",
    549            "outer",
    550            "prepare",
    551            "right",
    552            "select",
    553            "table",
    554            "then",
    555            "true",
    556            "union",
    557            "using",
    558            "values",
    559            "when",
    560            "where",
    561            "with",
    562        }
    563
    564        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    565            this = expression.this
    566
    567            if not this.type:
    568                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    569
    570                this = annotate_types(this)
    571
    572            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    573                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    574
    575            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    576
    577        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    578            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    579            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    580            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    581            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    582            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    583            this = expression.this
    584            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    585            value_as_timestamp = (
    586                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    587            )
    588
    589            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    590
    591            formatted_value = self.func(
    592                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    593            )
    594            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    595                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    596                formatted_value,
    597                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    598            )
    599            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    600            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    601
    602        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    603            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    604                return self.func(
    605                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    606                    expression.this,
    607                    seq_get(
    608                        apply_index_offset(
    609                            expression.this,
    610                            expression.expressions,
    611                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    612                        ),
    613                        0,
    614                    ),
    615                )
    616            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    617
    618        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    619            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    620
    621            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    622            values: t.List[str] = []
    623            schema: t.List[str] = []
    624            unknown_type = False
    625
    626            for e in expression.expressions:
    627                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    628                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    629                        unknown_type = True
    630                    else:
    631                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    632                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    633                else:
    634                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    635
    636            size = len(expression.expressions)
    637
    638            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    639                if unknown_type:
    640                    self.unsupported(
    641                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    642                    )
    643                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    644            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    645
    646        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    647            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    648                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    649            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    650
    651        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    652            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    653            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    654            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    655
    656        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    657            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    658        ) -> t.List[str]:
    659            return [
    660                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    661                self.sql(limit),
    662            ]
    663
    664        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    665            """
    666            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    667            so we need to remove them
    668            """
    669            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    670            schema = expression.this
    671            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    672                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    673            return super().create_sql(expression)
    674
    675        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    676            """
    677            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    678            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    679            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    680            """
    681            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    682            if len(tables) > 1:
    683                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    684
    685            table = tables[0]
    686            expression.set("this", table)
    687            expression.set("tables", None)
    688
    689            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    690                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    691                if table_alias:
    692                    table_alias.pop()
    693                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    694
    695            return super().delete_sql(expression)

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    235class Presto(Dialect):
    236    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    237    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    238    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    239    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    240    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    241    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    242    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    243    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    244
    245    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    246
    247    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    248    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    249    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    250    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    251
    252    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    253    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    254    ANNOTATORS = {
    255        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    256        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    257        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    258        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    259        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    260        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    261        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    262        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    263        if e.this
    264        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    265    }
    266
    267    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    268        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    269            (prefix + q, q)
    270            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    271            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    272        ]
    273
    274        KEYWORDS = {
    275            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    276            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    277            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    278            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    279            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    280            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    281            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    282            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    283        }
    284        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    285        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    286
    287    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    288        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    289
    290        FUNCTIONS = {
    291            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    292            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    293            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    294            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    295            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    296            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    297            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    298            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    299            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    300            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    301            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    302                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    303            ),
    304            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    305                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    306            ),
    307            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    308            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    309            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    310            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    311            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    312                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    313            ),
    314            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    315            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    316            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    317                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    318            ),
    319            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    320            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    321            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    322                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    323                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    324                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    325            ),
    326            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    327            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    328            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    329            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    330            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    331                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    332            ),
    333            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    334            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    335            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    336                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    337            ),
    338            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    339            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    340            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    341        }
    342
    343        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    344        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    345
    346    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    347        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    348        JOIN_HINTS = False
    349        TABLE_HINTS = False
    350        QUERY_HINTS = False
    351        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    352        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    353        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    354        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    355        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    356        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    357        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    358        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    359        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    360        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    361        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    362        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    363        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    364
    365        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    366            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    367            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    368            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    369        }
    370
    371        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    372            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    373            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    374            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    375            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    376            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    377            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    378            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    379            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    380            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    381            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    382            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    383        }
    384
    385        TRANSFORMS = {
    386            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    387            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    388            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    389            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    390            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    391            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    392            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    393            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    394            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    395            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    396            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    397            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    398            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    399            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    400            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    401                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    402            ),
    403            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    404            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    405            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    406                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    407            ),
    408            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    409            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    410            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    411            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    412            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    413                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    414            ),
    415            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    416            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    417            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    418            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    419            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    420            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    421            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    422            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    423            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    424            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    425            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    426            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    427            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    428            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    429            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    430            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    431            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    432            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    433            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    434                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    435            ),
    436            exp.If: if_sql(),
    437            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    438            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    439            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    440            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    441            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    442            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    443            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    444            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    445            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    446            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    447            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    448            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    449            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    450            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    451            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    452            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    453            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    454            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    455            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    456                [
    457                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    458                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    459                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    460                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    461                ]
    462            ),
    463            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    464            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    465            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    466            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    467            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    468            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    469            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    470            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    471            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    472            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    473            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    474            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    475            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    476                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    477            ),
    478            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    479            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    480            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    481            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    482            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    483            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    484            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    485            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    486            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    487            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    488            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    489            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    490            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    491            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    492            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    493            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    494            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    495            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    496                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    497            ),
    498            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    499            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    500            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    501            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    502        }
    503
    504        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    505            "alter",
    506            "and",
    507            "as",
    508            "between",
    509            "by",
    510            "case",
    511            "cast",
    512            "constraint",
    513            "create",
    514            "cross",
    515            "current_time",
    516            "current_timestamp",
    517            "deallocate",
    518            "delete",
    519            "describe",
    520            "distinct",
    521            "drop",
    522            "else",
    523            "end",
    524            "escape",
    525            "except",
    526            "execute",
    527            "exists",
    528            "extract",
    529            "false",
    530            "for",
    531            "from",
    532            "full",
    533            "group",
    534            "having",
    535            "in",
    536            "inner",
    537            "insert",
    538            "intersect",
    539            "into",
    540            "is",
    541            "join",
    542            "left",
    543            "like",
    544            "natural",
    545            "not",
    546            "null",
    547            "on",
    548            "or",
    549            "order",
    550            "outer",
    551            "prepare",
    552            "right",
    553            "select",
    554            "table",
    555            "then",
    556            "true",
    557            "union",
    558            "using",
    559            "values",
    560            "when",
    561            "where",
    562            "with",
    563        }
    564
    565        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    566            this = expression.this
    567
    568            if not this.type:
    569                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    570
    571                this = annotate_types(this)
    572
    573            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    574                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    575
    576            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    577
    578        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    579            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    580            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    581            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    582            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    583            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    584            this = expression.this
    585            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    586            value_as_timestamp = (
    587                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    588            )
    589
    590            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    591
    592            formatted_value = self.func(
    593                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    594            )
    595            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    596                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    597                formatted_value,
    598                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    599            )
    600            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    601            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    602
    603        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    604            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    605                return self.func(
    606                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    607                    expression.this,
    608                    seq_get(
    609                        apply_index_offset(
    610                            expression.this,
    611                            expression.expressions,
    612                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    613                        ),
    614                        0,
    615                    ),
    616                )
    617            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    618
    619        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    620            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    621
    622            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    623            values: t.List[str] = []
    624            schema: t.List[str] = []
    625            unknown_type = False
    626
    627            for e in expression.expressions:
    628                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    629                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    630                        unknown_type = True
    631                    else:
    632                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    633                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    634                else:
    635                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    636
    637            size = len(expression.expressions)
    638
    639            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    640                if unknown_type:
    641                    self.unsupported(
    642                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    643                    )
    644                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    645            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    646
    647        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    648            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    649                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    650            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    651
    652        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    653            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    654            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    655            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    656
    657        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    658            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    659        ) -> t.List[str]:
    660            return [
    661                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    662                self.sql(limit),
    663            ]
    664
    665        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    666            """
    667            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    668            so we need to remove them
    669            """
    670            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    671            schema = expression.this
    672            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    673                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    674            return super().create_sql(expression)
    675
    676        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    677            """
    678            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    679            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    680            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    681            """
    682            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    683            if len(tables) > 1:
    684                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    685
    686            table = tables[0]
    687            expression.set("this", table)
    688            expression.set("tables", None)
    689
    690            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    691                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    692                if table_alias:
    693                    table_alias.pop()
    694                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    695
    696            return super().delete_sql(expression)

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    267    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    268        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    269            (prefix + q, q)
    270            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    271            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    272        ]
    273
    274        KEYWORDS = {
    275            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    276            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    277            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    278            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    279            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    280            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    281            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    282            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    283        }
    284        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    285        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    287    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    288        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    289
    290        FUNCTIONS = {
    291            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    292            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    293            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    294            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    295            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    296            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    297            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    298            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    299            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    300            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    301            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    302                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    303            ),
    304            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    305                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    306            ),
    307            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    308            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    309            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    310            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    311            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    312                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    313            ),
    314            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    315            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    316            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    317                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    318            ),
    319            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    320            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    321            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    322                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    323                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    324                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    325            ),
    326            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    327            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    328            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    329            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    330            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    331                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    332            ),
    333            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    334            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    335            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    336                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    337            ),
    338            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    339            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    340            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    341        }
    342
    343        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    344        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNPACK_COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnpackColumns'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    346    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    347        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    348        JOIN_HINTS = False
    349        TABLE_HINTS = False
    350        QUERY_HINTS = False
    351        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    352        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    353        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    354        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    355        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    356        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    357        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    358        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    359        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    360        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    361        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    362        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    363        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    364
    365        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    366            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    367            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    368            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    369        }
    370
    371        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    372            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    373            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    374            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    375            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    376            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    377            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    378            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    379            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    380            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    381            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    382            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    383        }
    384
    385        TRANSFORMS = {
    386            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    387            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    388            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    389            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    390            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    391            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    392            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    393            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    394            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    395            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    396            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    397            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    398            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    399            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    400            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    401                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    402            ),
    403            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    404            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    405            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    406                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    407            ),
    408            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    409            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    410            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    411            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    412            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    413                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    414            ),
    415            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    416            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    417            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    418            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    419            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    420            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    421            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    422            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    423            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    424            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    425            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    426            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    427            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    428            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    429            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    430            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    431            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    432            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    433            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    434                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    435            ),
    436            exp.If: if_sql(),
    437            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    438            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    439            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    440            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    441            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    442            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    443            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    444            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    445            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    446            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    447            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    448            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    449            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    450            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    451            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    452            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    453            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    454            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    455            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    456                [
    457                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    458                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    459                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    460                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    461                ]
    462            ),
    463            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    464            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    465            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    466            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    467            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    468            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    469            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    470            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    471            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    472            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    473            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    474            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    475            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    476                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    477            ),
    478            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    479            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    480            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    481            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    482            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    483            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    484            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    485            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    486            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    487            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    488            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    489            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    490            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    491            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    492            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    493            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    494            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    495            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    496                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    497            ),
    498            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    499            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    500            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    501            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    502        }
    503
    504        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    505            "alter",
    506            "and",
    507            "as",
    508            "between",
    509            "by",
    510            "case",
    511            "cast",
    512            "constraint",
    513            "create",
    514            "cross",
    515            "current_time",
    516            "current_timestamp",
    517            "deallocate",
    518            "delete",
    519            "describe",
    520            "distinct",
    521            "drop",
    522            "else",
    523            "end",
    524            "escape",
    525            "except",
    526            "execute",
    527            "exists",
    528            "extract",
    529            "false",
    530            "for",
    531            "from",
    532            "full",
    533            "group",
    534            "having",
    535            "in",
    536            "inner",
    537            "insert",
    538            "intersect",
    539            "into",
    540            "is",
    541            "join",
    542            "left",
    543            "like",
    544            "natural",
    545            "not",
    546            "null",
    547            "on",
    548            "or",
    549            "order",
    550            "outer",
    551            "prepare",
    552            "right",
    553            "select",
    554            "table",
    555            "then",
    556            "true",
    557            "union",
    558            "using",
    559            "values",
    560            "when",
    561            "where",
    562            "with",
    563        }
    564
    565        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    566            this = expression.this
    567
    568            if not this.type:
    569                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    570
    571                this = annotate_types(this)
    572
    573            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    574                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    575
    576            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    577
    578        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    579            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    580            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    581            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    582            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    583            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    584            this = expression.this
    585            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    586            value_as_timestamp = (
    587                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    588            )
    589
    590            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    591
    592            formatted_value = self.func(
    593                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    594            )
    595            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    596                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    597                formatted_value,
    598                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    599            )
    600            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    601            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    602
    603        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    604            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    605                return self.func(
    606                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    607                    expression.this,
    608                    seq_get(
    609                        apply_index_offset(
    610                            expression.this,
    611                            expression.expressions,
    612                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    613                        ),
    614                        0,
    615                    ),
    616                )
    617            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    618
    619        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    620            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    621
    622            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    623            values: t.List[str] = []
    624            schema: t.List[str] = []
    625            unknown_type = False
    626
    627            for e in expression.expressions:
    628                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    629                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    630                        unknown_type = True
    631                    else:
    632                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    633                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    634                else:
    635                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    636
    637            size = len(expression.expressions)
    638
    639            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    640                if unknown_type:
    641                    self.unsupported(
    642                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    643                    )
    644                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    645            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    646
    647        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    648            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    649                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    650            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    651
    652        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    653            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    654            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    655            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    656
    657        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    658            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    659        ) -> t.List[str]:
    660            return [
    661                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    662                self.sql(limit),
    663            ]
    664
    665        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    666            """
    667            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    668            so we need to remove them
    669            """
    670            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    671            schema = expression.this
    672            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    673                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    674            return super().create_sql(expression)
    675
    676        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    677            """
    678            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    679            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    680            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    681            """
    682            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    683            if len(tables) > 1:
    684                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    685
    686            table = tables[0]
    687            expression.set("this", table)
    688            expression.set("tables", None)
    689
    690            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    691                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    692                if table_alias:
    693                    table_alias.pop()
    694                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    695
    696            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnpackColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _jsonextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'prepare', 'by', 'describe', 'deallocate', 'for', 'distinct', 'execute', 'extract', 'order', 'create', 'insert', 'in', 'intersect', 'like', 'join', 'not', 'group', 'then', 'cast', 'outer', 'with', 'delete', 'as', 'into', 'inner', 'else', 'from', 'is', 'natural', 'using', 'right', 'drop', 'or', 'alter', 'false', 'constraint', 'exists', 'except', 'when', 'between', 'where', 'case', 'table', 'end', 'current_time', 'full', 'and', 'left', 'null', 'on', 'cross', 'select', 'union', 'values', 'having', 'current_timestamp', 'escape', 'true'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    565        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    566            this = expression.this
    567
    568            if not this.type:
    569                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    570
    571                this = annotate_types(this)
    572
    573            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    574                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    575
    576            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    578        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    579            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    580            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    581            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    582            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    583            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    584            this = expression.this
    585            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    586            value_as_timestamp = (
    587                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    588            )
    589
    590            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    591
    592            formatted_value = self.func(
    593                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    594            )
    595            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    596                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    597                formatted_value,
    598                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    599            )
    600            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    601            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    603        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    604            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    605                return self.func(
    606                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    607                    expression.this,
    608                    seq_get(
    609                        apply_index_offset(
    610                            expression.this,
    611                            expression.expressions,
    612                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    613                        ),
    614                        0,
    615                    ),
    616                )
    617            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    619        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    620            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    621
    622            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    623            values: t.List[str] = []
    624            schema: t.List[str] = []
    625            unknown_type = False
    626
    627            for e in expression.expressions:
    628                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    629                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    630                        unknown_type = True
    631                    else:
    632                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    633                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    634                else:
    635                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    636
    637            size = len(expression.expressions)
    638
    639            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    640                if unknown_type:
    641                    self.unsupported(
    642                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    643                    )
    644                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    645            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    647        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    648            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    649                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    650            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    652        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    653            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    654            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    655            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    657        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    658            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    659        ) -> t.List[str]:
    660            return [
    661                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    662                self.sql(limit),
    663            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    665        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    666            """
    667            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    668            so we need to remove them
    669            """
    670            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    671            schema = expression.this
    672            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    673                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    674            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    676        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    677            """
    678            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    679            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    680            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    681            """
    682            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    683            if len(tables) > 1:
    684                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    685
    686            table = tables[0]
    687            expression.set("this", table)
    688            expression.set("tables", None)
    689
    690            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    691                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    692                if table_alias:
    693                    table_alias.pop()
    694                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    695
    696            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql