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## Expressions

Every AST node in SQLGlot is represented by a subclass of `Expression`.

This module contains the implementation of all supported `Expression` types. Additionally, it exposes a number of helper functions, which are mainly used to programmatically build SQL expressions, such as `sqlglot.expressions.select`.

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       1"""
       2## Expressions
       3
       4Every AST node in SQLGlot is represented by a subclass of `Expression`.
       5
       6This module contains the implementation of all supported `Expression` types. Additionally,
       7it exposes a number of helper functions, which are mainly used to programmatically build
       8SQL expressions, such as `sqlglot.expressions.select`.
       9
      10----
      11"""
      12
      13from __future__ import annotations
      14import datetime
      15import math
      16import numbers
      17import re
      18import textwrap
      19import typing as t
      20from collections import deque
      21from copy import deepcopy
      22from decimal import Decimal
      23from enum import auto
      24from functools import reduce
      25
      26from sqlglot.errors import ErrorLevel, ParseError
      27from sqlglot.helper import (
      28    AutoName,
      29    camel_to_snake_case,
      30    ensure_collection,
      31    ensure_list,
      32    seq_get,
      33    subclasses,
      34)
      35from sqlglot.tokens import Token, TokenError
      36
      37if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      38    from typing_extensions import Self
      39    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
      40    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import DialectType
      41
      42    Q = t.TypeVar("Q", bound="Query")
      43    S = t.TypeVar("S", bound="SetOperation")
      44
      45
      46class _Expression(type):
      47    def __new__(cls, clsname, bases, attrs):
      48        klass = super().__new__(cls, clsname, bases, attrs)
      49
      50        # When an Expression class is created, its key is automatically set to be
      51        # the lowercase version of the class' name.
      52        klass.key = clsname.lower()
      53
      54        # This is so that docstrings are not inherited in pdoc
      55        klass.__doc__ = klass.__doc__ or ""
      56
      57        return klass
      58
      59
      60SQLGLOT_META = "sqlglot.meta"
      61TABLE_PARTS = ("this", "db", "catalog")
      62COLUMN_PARTS = ("this", "table", "db", "catalog")
      63
      64
      65class Expression(metaclass=_Expression):
      66    """
      67    The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary
      68    context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression
      69    is optional or not.
      70
      71    Attributes:
      72        key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing
      73            and representing expressions as strings.
      74        arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps
      75            arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
      76        parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
      77        arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression
      78            uses to refer to it.
      79        index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
      80        comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in
      81            order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
      82        type: the `sqlglot.expressions.DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the
      83            optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
      84        meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.
      85
      86    Example:
      87        >>> class Foo(Expression):
      88        ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
      89
      90        The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called
      91        "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".
      92
      93    Args:
      94        args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.
      95    """
      96
      97    key = "expression"
      98    arg_types = {"this": True}
      99    __slots__ = ("args", "parent", "arg_key", "index", "comments", "_type", "_meta", "_hash")
     100
     101    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
     102        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
     103        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
     104        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
     105        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
     106        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
     107        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
     108        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
     109        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
     110
     111        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
     112            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     113
     114    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
     115        return type(self) is type(other) and hash(self) == hash(other)
     116
     117    @property
     118    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
     119        return frozenset(
     120            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
     121            for k, v in self.args.items()
     122            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
     123        )
     124
     125    def __hash__(self) -> int:
     126        if self._hash is not None:
     127            return self._hash
     128
     129        return hash((self.__class__, self.hashable_args))
     130
     131    @property
     132    def this(self) -> t.Any:
     133        """
     134        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
     135        """
     136        return self.args.get("this")
     137
     138    @property
     139    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
     140        """
     141        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
     142        """
     143        return self.args.get("expression")
     144
     145    @property
     146    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
     147        """
     148        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
     149        """
     150        return self.args.get("expressions") or []
     151
     152    def text(self, key) -> str:
     153        """
     154        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
     155        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
     156        """
     157        field = self.args.get(key)
     158        if isinstance(field, str):
     159            return field
     160        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
     161            return field.this
     162        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
     163            return field.name
     164        return ""
     165
     166    @property
     167    def is_string(self) -> bool:
     168        """
     169        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
     170        """
     171        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]
     172
     173    @property
     174    def is_number(self) -> bool:
     175        """
     176        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
     177        """
     178        return (isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]) or (
     179            isinstance(self, Neg) and self.this.is_number
     180        )
     181
     182    def to_py(self) -> t.Any:
     183        """
     184        Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.
     185        """
     186        raise ValueError(f"{self} cannot be converted to a Python object.")
     187
     188    @property
     189    def is_int(self) -> bool:
     190        """
     191        Checks whether an expression is an integer.
     192        """
     193        return self.is_number and isinstance(self.to_py(), int)
     194
     195    @property
     196    def is_star(self) -> bool:
     197        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
     198        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))
     199
     200    @property
     201    def alias(self) -> str:
     202        """
     203        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
     204        """
     205        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
     206            return self.args["alias"].name
     207        return self.text("alias")
     208
     209    @property
     210    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
     211        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
     212        if not table_alias:
     213            return []
     214        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]
     215
     216    @property
     217    def name(self) -> str:
     218        return self.text("this")
     219
     220    @property
     221    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
     222        return self.alias or self.name
     223
     224    @property
     225    def output_name(self) -> str:
     226        """
     227        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
     228
     229        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
     230
     231        Example:
     232            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     233            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
     234            'a'
     235            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
     236            'c'
     237            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
     238            ''
     239        """
     240        return ""
     241
     242    @property
     243    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
     244        return self._type
     245
     246    @type.setter
     247    def type(self, dtype: t.Optional[DataType | DataType.Type | str]) -> None:
     248        if dtype and not isinstance(dtype, DataType):
     249            dtype = DataType.build(dtype)
     250        self._type = dtype  # type: ignore
     251
     252    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
     253        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)
     254
     255    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
     256        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())
     257
     258    @property
     259    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
     260        if self._meta is None:
     261            self._meta = {}
     262        return self._meta
     263
     264    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
     265        root = self.__class__()
     266        stack = [(self, root)]
     267
     268        while stack:
     269            node, copy = stack.pop()
     270
     271            if node.comments is not None:
     272                copy.comments = deepcopy(node.comments)
     273            if node._type is not None:
     274                copy._type = deepcopy(node._type)
     275            if node._meta is not None:
     276                copy._meta = deepcopy(node._meta)
     277            if node._hash is not None:
     278                copy._hash = node._hash
     279
     280            for k, vs in node.args.items():
     281                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     282                    stack.append((vs, vs.__class__()))
     283                    copy.set(k, stack[-1][-1])
     284                elif type(vs) is list:
     285                    copy.args[k] = []
     286
     287                    for v in vs:
     288                        if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     289                            stack.append((v, v.__class__()))
     290                            copy.append(k, stack[-1][-1])
     291                        else:
     292                            copy.append(k, v)
     293                else:
     294                    copy.args[k] = vs
     295
     296        return root
     297
     298    def copy(self):
     299        """
     300        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
     301        """
     302        return deepcopy(self)
     303
     304    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None) -> None:
     305        if self.comments is None:
     306            self.comments = []
     307
     308        if comments:
     309            for comment in comments:
     310                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
     311                if meta:
     312                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
     313                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
     314                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
     315                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
     316                self.comments.append(comment)
     317
     318    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
     319        comments = self.comments or []
     320        self.comments = None
     321        return comments
     322
     323    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
     324        """
     325        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
     326
     327        Args:
     328            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
     329            value (Any): value to append to the list
     330        """
     331        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
     332            self.args[arg_key] = []
     333        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     334        values = self.args[arg_key]
     335        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     336            value.index = len(values)
     337        values.append(value)
     338
     339    def set(
     340        self,
     341        arg_key: str,
     342        value: t.Any,
     343        index: t.Optional[int] = None,
     344        overwrite: bool = True,
     345    ) -> None:
     346        """
     347        Sets arg_key to value.
     348
     349        Args:
     350            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
     351            value: value to set the arg to.
     352            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
     353            overwrite: assuming an index is given, this determines whether to overwrite the
     354                list entry instead of only inserting a new value (i.e., like list.insert).
     355        """
     356        if index is not None:
     357            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
     358
     359            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
     360                return
     361            if value is None:
     362                expressions.pop(index)
     363                for v in expressions[index:]:
     364                    v.index = v.index - 1
     365                return
     366
     367            if isinstance(value, list):
     368                expressions.pop(index)
     369                expressions[index:index] = value
     370            elif overwrite:
     371                expressions[index] = value
     372            else:
     373                expressions.insert(index, value)
     374
     375            value = expressions
     376        elif value is None:
     377            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
     378            return
     379
     380        self.args[arg_key] = value
     381        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)
     382
     383    def _set_parent(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
     384        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     385            value.parent = self
     386            value.arg_key = arg_key
     387            value.index = index
     388        elif type(value) is list:
     389            for index, v in enumerate(value):
     390                if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     391                    v.parent = self
     392                    v.arg_key = arg_key
     393                    v.index = index
     394
     395    @property
     396    def depth(self) -> int:
     397        """
     398        Returns the depth of this tree.
     399        """
     400        if self.parent:
     401            return self.parent.depth + 1
     402        return 0
     403
     404    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     405        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
     406        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
     407        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():
     408            if type(vs) is list:
     409                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:
     410                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     411                        yield v
     412            else:
     413                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     414                    yield vs
     415
     416    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
     417        """
     418        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
     419        the specified types.
     420
     421        Args:
     422            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     423            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     424
     425        Returns:
     426            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
     427        """
     428        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)
     429
     430    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
     431        """
     432        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
     433        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
     434
     435        Args:
     436            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     437            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     438
     439        Returns:
     440            The generator object.
     441        """
     442        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
     443            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
     444                yield expression
     445
     446    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
     447        """
     448        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
     449
     450        Args:
     451            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     452
     453        Returns:
     454            The parent node.
     455        """
     456        ancestor = self.parent
     457        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
     458            ancestor = ancestor.parent
     459        return ancestor  # type: ignore
     460
     461    @property
     462    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
     463        """
     464        Returns the parent select statement.
     465        """
     466        return self.find_ancestor(Select)
     467
     468    @property
     469    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
     470        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
     471        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__
     472
     473    def root(self) -> Expression:
     474        """
     475        Returns the root expression of this tree.
     476        """
     477        expression = self
     478        while expression.parent:
     479            expression = expression.parent
     480        return expression
     481
     482    def walk(
     483        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     484    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     485        """
     486        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
     487
     488        Args:
     489            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
     490                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
     491            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
     492                this branch of the tree.
     493
     494        Returns:
     495            the generator object.
     496        """
     497        if bfs:
     498            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
     499        else:
     500            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)
     501
     502    def dfs(
     503        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     504    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     505        """
     506        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     507        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
     508
     509        Returns:
     510            The generator object.
     511        """
     512        stack = [self]
     513
     514        while stack:
     515            node = stack.pop()
     516
     517            yield node
     518
     519            if prune and prune(node):
     520                continue
     521
     522            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
     523                stack.append(v)
     524
     525    def bfs(
     526        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     527    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     528        """
     529        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     530        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
     531
     532        Returns:
     533            The generator object.
     534        """
     535        queue = deque([self])
     536
     537        while queue:
     538            node = queue.popleft()
     539
     540            yield node
     541
     542            if prune and prune(node):
     543                continue
     544
     545            for v in node.iter_expressions():
     546                queue.append(v)
     547
     548    def unnest(self):
     549        """
     550        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
     551        """
     552        expression = self
     553        while type(expression) is Paren:
     554            expression = expression.this
     555        return expression
     556
     557    def unalias(self):
     558        """
     559        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
     560        """
     561        if isinstance(self, Alias):
     562            return self.this
     563        return self
     564
     565    def unnest_operands(self):
     566        """
     567        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
     568        """
     569        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())
     570
     571    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
     572        """
     573        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
     574
     575        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
     576        """
     577        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
     578            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
     579                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node
     580
     581    def __str__(self) -> str:
     582        return self.sql()
     583
     584    def __repr__(self) -> str:
     585        return _to_s(self)
     586
     587    def to_s(self) -> str:
     588        """
     589        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
     590        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
     591        """
     592        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)
     593
     594    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
     595        """
     596        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
     597
     598        Args:
     599            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
     600            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
     601
     602        Returns:
     603            The SQL string.
     604        """
     605        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
     606
     607        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)
     608
     609    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
     610        """
     611        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
     612        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
     613
     614        Args:
     615            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
     616                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
     617                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
     618            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
     619                modified in place.
     620
     621        Returns:
     622            The transformed tree.
     623        """
     624        root = None
     625        new_node = None
     626
     627        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
     628            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
     629            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
     630
     631            if not root:
     632                root = new_node
     633            elif new_node is not node:
     634                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
     635
     636        assert root
     637        return root.assert_is(Expression)
     638
     639    @t.overload
     640    def replace(self, expression: E) -> E: ...
     641
     642    @t.overload
     643    def replace(self, expression: None) -> None: ...
     644
     645    def replace(self, expression):
     646        """
     647        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
     648
     649        For example::
     650
     651            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
     652            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
     653            Column(
     654              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
     655            >>> tree.sql()
     656            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
     657
     658        Args:
     659            expression: new node
     660
     661        Returns:
     662            The new expression or expressions.
     663        """
     664        parent = self.parent
     665
     666        if not parent or parent is expression:
     667            return expression
     668
     669        key = self.arg_key
     670        value = parent.args.get(key)
     671
     672        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
     673            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
     674            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
     675            value.parent.replace(expression)
     676        else:
     677            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
     678
     679        if expression is not self:
     680            self.parent = None
     681            self.arg_key = None
     682            self.index = None
     683
     684        return expression
     685
     686    def pop(self: E) -> E:
     687        """
     688        Remove this expression from its AST.
     689
     690        Returns:
     691            The popped expression.
     692        """
     693        self.replace(None)
     694        return self
     695
     696    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
     697        """
     698        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
     699
     700        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
     701        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
     702
     703        Examples:
     704            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
     705
     706            >>> import sqlglot
     707            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
     708            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
     709        """
     710        if not isinstance(self, type_):
     711            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
     712        return self
     713
     714    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
     715        """
     716        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
     717
     718        Args:
     719            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
     720                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
     721
     722        Returns:
     723            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
     724        """
     725        errors: t.List[str] = []
     726
     727        for k in self.args:
     728            if k not in self.arg_types:
     729                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
     730        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
     731            v = self.args.get(k)
     732            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
     733                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
     734
     735        if (
     736            args
     737            and isinstance(self, Func)
     738            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
     739            and not self.is_var_len_args
     740        ):
     741            errors.append(
     742                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
     743                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
     744            )
     745
     746        return errors
     747
     748    def dump(self):
     749        """
     750        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
     751        """
     752        from sqlglot.serde import dump
     753
     754        return dump(self)
     755
     756    @classmethod
     757    def load(cls, obj):
     758        """
     759        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
     760        """
     761        from sqlglot.serde import load
     762
     763        return load(obj)
     764
     765    def and_(
     766        self,
     767        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     768        dialect: DialectType = None,
     769        copy: bool = True,
     770        **opts,
     771    ) -> Condition:
     772        """
     773        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     774
     775        Example:
     776            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
     777            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
     778
     779        Args:
     780            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     781                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     782            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     783            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     784            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     785
     786        Returns:
     787            The new And condition.
     788        """
     789        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     790
     791    def or_(
     792        self,
     793        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     794        dialect: DialectType = None,
     795        copy: bool = True,
     796        **opts,
     797    ) -> Condition:
     798        """
     799        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     800
     801        Example:
     802            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
     803            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
     804
     805        Args:
     806            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     807                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     808            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     809            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     810            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     811
     812        Returns:
     813            The new Or condition.
     814        """
     815        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     816
     817    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
     818        """
     819        Wrap this condition with NOT.
     820
     821        Example:
     822            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
     823            'NOT x = 1'
     824
     825        Args:
     826            copy: whether to copy this object.
     827
     828        Returns:
     829            The new Not instance.
     830        """
     831        return not_(self, copy=copy)
     832
     833    def as_(
     834        self,
     835        alias: str | Identifier,
     836        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
     837        dialect: DialectType = None,
     838        copy: bool = True,
     839        **opts,
     840    ) -> Alias:
     841        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     842
     843    def _binop(self, klass: t.Type[E], other: t.Any, reverse: bool = False) -> E:
     844        this = self.copy()
     845        other = convert(other, copy=True)
     846        if not isinstance(this, klass) and not isinstance(other, klass):
     847            this = _wrap(this, Binary)
     848            other = _wrap(other, Binary)
     849        if reverse:
     850            return klass(this=other, expression=this)
     851        return klass(this=this, expression=other)
     852
     853    def __getitem__(self, other: ExpOrStr | t.Tuple[ExpOrStr]) -> Bracket:
     854        return Bracket(
     855            this=self.copy(), expressions=[convert(e, copy=True) for e in ensure_list(other)]
     856        )
     857
     858    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator:
     859        if "expressions" in self.arg_types:
     860            return iter(self.args.get("expressions") or [])
     861        # We define this because __getitem__ converts Expression into an iterable, which is
     862        # problematic because one can hit infinite loops if they do "for x in some_expr: ..."
     863        # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0234/
     864        raise TypeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object is not iterable")
     865
     866    def isin(
     867        self,
     868        *expressions: t.Any,
     869        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
     870        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
     871        copy: bool = True,
     872        **opts,
     873    ) -> In:
     874        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
     875        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
     876            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
     877
     878        return In(
     879            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     880            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
     881            query=subquery,
     882            unnest=(
     883                Unnest(
     884                    expressions=[
     885                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
     886                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
     887                    ]
     888                )
     889                if unnest
     890                else None
     891            ),
     892        )
     893
     894    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
     895        return Between(
     896            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     897            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
     898            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
     899        )
     900
     901    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
     902        return self._binop(Is, other)
     903
     904    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
     905        return self._binop(Like, other)
     906
     907    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
     908        return self._binop(ILike, other)
     909
     910    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
     911        return self._binop(EQ, other)
     912
     913    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
     914        return self._binop(NEQ, other)
     915
     916    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
     917        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)
     918
     919    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
     920        div = self._binop(Div, other)
     921        div.args["typed"] = typed
     922        div.args["safe"] = safe
     923        return div
     924
     925    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
     926        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)
     927
     928    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
     929        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)
     930
     931    def __lt__(self, other: t.Any) -> LT:
     932        return self._binop(LT, other)
     933
     934    def __le__(self, other: t.Any) -> LTE:
     935        return self._binop(LTE, other)
     936
     937    def __gt__(self, other: t.Any) -> GT:
     938        return self._binop(GT, other)
     939
     940    def __ge__(self, other: t.Any) -> GTE:
     941        return self._binop(GTE, other)
     942
     943    def __add__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     944        return self._binop(Add, other)
     945
     946    def __radd__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     947        return self._binop(Add, other, reverse=True)
     948
     949    def __sub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     950        return self._binop(Sub, other)
     951
     952    def __rsub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     953        return self._binop(Sub, other, reverse=True)
     954
     955    def __mul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     956        return self._binop(Mul, other)
     957
     958    def __rmul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     959        return self._binop(Mul, other, reverse=True)
     960
     961    def __truediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     962        return self._binop(Div, other)
     963
     964    def __rtruediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     965        return self._binop(Div, other, reverse=True)
     966
     967    def __floordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     968        return self._binop(IntDiv, other)
     969
     970    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     971        return self._binop(IntDiv, other, reverse=True)
     972
     973    def __mod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     974        return self._binop(Mod, other)
     975
     976    def __rmod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     977        return self._binop(Mod, other, reverse=True)
     978
     979    def __pow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     980        return self._binop(Pow, other)
     981
     982    def __rpow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     983        return self._binop(Pow, other, reverse=True)
     984
     985    def __and__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
     986        return self._binop(And, other)
     987
     988    def __rand__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
     989        return self._binop(And, other, reverse=True)
     990
     991    def __or__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
     992        return self._binop(Or, other)
     993
     994    def __ror__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
     995        return self._binop(Or, other, reverse=True)
     996
     997    def __neg__(self) -> Neg:
     998        return Neg(this=_wrap(self.copy(), Binary))
     999
    1000    def __invert__(self) -> Not:
    1001        return not_(self.copy())
    1002
    1003
    1004IntoType = t.Union[
    1005    str,
    1006    t.Type[Expression],
    1007    t.Collection[t.Union[str, t.Type[Expression]]],
    1008]
    1009ExpOrStr = t.Union[str, Expression]
    1010
    1011
    1012class Condition(Expression):
    1013    """Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x"""
    1014
    1015
    1016class Predicate(Condition):
    1017    """Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y."""
    1018
    1019
    1020class DerivedTable(Expression):
    1021    @property
    1022    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1023        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []
    1024
    1025    @property
    1026    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1027        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]
    1028
    1029
    1030class Query(Expression):
    1031    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1032        """
    1033        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1034
    1035        Example:
    1036            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1037            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1038            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1039
    1040        Args:
    1041            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1042            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1043        """
    1044        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1045        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1046            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1047
    1048        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)
    1049
    1050    def limit(
    1051        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1052    ) -> Q:
    1053        """
    1054        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1055
    1056        Example:
    1057            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1058            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1059
    1060        Args:
    1061            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1062                This can also be an integer.
    1063                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1064                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1065            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1066            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1067            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1068
    1069        Returns:
    1070            A limited Select expression.
    1071        """
    1072        return _apply_builder(
    1073            expression=expression,
    1074            instance=self,
    1075            arg="limit",
    1076            into=Limit,
    1077            prefix="LIMIT",
    1078            dialect=dialect,
    1079            copy=copy,
    1080            into_arg="expression",
    1081            **opts,
    1082        )
    1083
    1084    def offset(
    1085        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1086    ) -> Q:
    1087        """
    1088        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1089
    1090        Example:
    1091            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1092            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1093
    1094        Args:
    1095            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1096                This can also be an integer.
    1097                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1098                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1099            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1100            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1101            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1102
    1103        Returns:
    1104            The modified Select expression.
    1105        """
    1106        return _apply_builder(
    1107            expression=expression,
    1108            instance=self,
    1109            arg="offset",
    1110            into=Offset,
    1111            prefix="OFFSET",
    1112            dialect=dialect,
    1113            copy=copy,
    1114            into_arg="expression",
    1115            **opts,
    1116        )
    1117
    1118    def order_by(
    1119        self: Q,
    1120        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1121        append: bool = True,
    1122        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1123        copy: bool = True,
    1124        **opts,
    1125    ) -> Q:
    1126        """
    1127        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1128
    1129        Example:
    1130            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1131            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1132
    1133        Args:
    1134            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1135                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1136                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1137            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1138                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1139            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1140            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1141            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1142
    1143        Returns:
    1144            The modified Select expression.
    1145        """
    1146        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1147            *expressions,
    1148            instance=self,
    1149            arg="order",
    1150            append=append,
    1151            copy=copy,
    1152            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1153            into=Order,
    1154            dialect=dialect,
    1155            **opts,
    1156        )
    1157
    1158    @property
    1159    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1160        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1161        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1162        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1163
    1164    @property
    1165    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1166        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1167        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")
    1168
    1169    @property
    1170    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1171        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1172        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")
    1173
    1174    def select(
    1175        self: Q,
    1176        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1177        append: bool = True,
    1178        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1179        copy: bool = True,
    1180        **opts,
    1181    ) -> Q:
    1182        """
    1183        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1184
    1185        Example:
    1186            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1187            'SELECT x, y'
    1188
    1189        Args:
    1190            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1191                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1192            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1193                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1194            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1195            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1196            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1197
    1198        Returns:
    1199            The modified Query expression.
    1200        """
    1201        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")
    1202
    1203    def with_(
    1204        self: Q,
    1205        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1206        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1207        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1208        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1209        append: bool = True,
    1210        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1211        copy: bool = True,
    1212        **opts,
    1213    ) -> Q:
    1214        """
    1215        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1216
    1217        Example:
    1218            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1219            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1220
    1221        Args:
    1222            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1223                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1224            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1225                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1226            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1227            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    1228            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1229                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1230            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1231            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1232            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1233
    1234        Returns:
    1235            The modified expression.
    1236        """
    1237        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1238            self,
    1239            alias,
    1240            as_,
    1241            recursive=recursive,
    1242            materialized=materialized,
    1243            append=append,
    1244            dialect=dialect,
    1245            copy=copy,
    1246            **opts,
    1247        )
    1248
    1249    def union(
    1250        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1251    ) -> Union:
    1252        """
    1253        Builds a UNION expression.
    1254
    1255        Example:
    1256            >>> import sqlglot
    1257            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1258            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1259
    1260        Args:
    1261            expression: the SQL code string.
    1262                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1263            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1264            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1265            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1266
    1267        Returns:
    1268            The new Union expression.
    1269        """
    1270        return union(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1271
    1272    def intersect(
    1273        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1274    ) -> Intersect:
    1275        """
    1276        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1277
    1278        Example:
    1279            >>> import sqlglot
    1280            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1281            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1282
    1283        Args:
    1284            expression: the SQL code string.
    1285                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1286            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1287            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1288            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1289
    1290        Returns:
    1291            The new Intersect expression.
    1292        """
    1293        return intersect(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1294
    1295    def except_(
    1296        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1297    ) -> Except:
    1298        """
    1299        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1300
    1301        Example:
    1302            >>> import sqlglot
    1303            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1304            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1305
    1306        Args:
    1307            expression: the SQL code string.
    1308                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1309            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1310            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1311            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1312
    1313        Returns:
    1314            The new Except expression.
    1315        """
    1316        return except_(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1317
    1318
    1319class UDTF(DerivedTable):
    1320    @property
    1321    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1322        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1323        return alias.columns if alias else []
    1324
    1325
    1326class Cache(Expression):
    1327    arg_types = {
    1328        "this": True,
    1329        "lazy": False,
    1330        "options": False,
    1331        "expression": False,
    1332    }
    1333
    1334
    1335class Uncache(Expression):
    1336    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False}
    1337
    1338
    1339class Refresh(Expression):
    1340    pass
    1341
    1342
    1343class DDL(Expression):
    1344    @property
    1345    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1346        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1347        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1348        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1349
    1350    @property
    1351    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1352        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1353        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1354
    1355    @property
    1356    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1357        """
    1358        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1359        names of the query's projections.
    1360        """
    1361        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1362
    1363
    1364class DML(Expression):
    1365    def returning(
    1366        self,
    1367        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1368        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1369        copy: bool = True,
    1370        **opts,
    1371    ) -> "Self":
    1372        """
    1373        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1374
    1375        Example:
    1376            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1377            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1378
    1379        Args:
    1380            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1381                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1382            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1383            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1384            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1385
    1386        Returns:
    1387            Delete: the modified expression.
    1388        """
    1389        return _apply_builder(
    1390            expression=expression,
    1391            instance=self,
    1392            arg="returning",
    1393            prefix="RETURNING",
    1394            dialect=dialect,
    1395            copy=copy,
    1396            into=Returning,
    1397            **opts,
    1398        )
    1399
    1400
    1401class Create(DDL):
    1402    arg_types = {
    1403        "with": False,
    1404        "this": True,
    1405        "kind": True,
    1406        "expression": False,
    1407        "exists": False,
    1408        "properties": False,
    1409        "replace": False,
    1410        "refresh": False,
    1411        "unique": False,
    1412        "indexes": False,
    1413        "no_schema_binding": False,
    1414        "begin": False,
    1415        "end": False,
    1416        "clone": False,
    1417        "concurrently": False,
    1418        "clustered": False,
    1419    }
    1420
    1421    @property
    1422    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1423        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1424        return kind and kind.upper()
    1425
    1426
    1427class SequenceProperties(Expression):
    1428    arg_types = {
    1429        "increment": False,
    1430        "minvalue": False,
    1431        "maxvalue": False,
    1432        "cache": False,
    1433        "start": False,
    1434        "owned": False,
    1435        "options": False,
    1436    }
    1437
    1438
    1439class TruncateTable(Expression):
    1440    arg_types = {
    1441        "expressions": True,
    1442        "is_database": False,
    1443        "exists": False,
    1444        "only": False,
    1445        "cluster": False,
    1446        "identity": False,
    1447        "option": False,
    1448        "partition": False,
    1449    }
    1450
    1451
    1452# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-clone
    1453# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_table_clone_statement
    1454# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_table_copy
    1455class Clone(Expression):
    1456    arg_types = {"this": True, "shallow": False, "copy": False}
    1457
    1458
    1459class Describe(Expression):
    1460    arg_types = {
    1461        "this": True,
    1462        "style": False,
    1463        "kind": False,
    1464        "expressions": False,
    1465        "partition": False,
    1466    }
    1467
    1468
    1469# https://duckdb.org/docs/guides/meta/summarize.html
    1470class Summarize(Expression):
    1471    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False}
    1472
    1473
    1474class Kill(Expression):
    1475    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    1476
    1477
    1478class Pragma(Expression):
    1479    pass
    1480
    1481
    1482class Declare(Expression):
    1483    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    1484
    1485
    1486class DeclareItem(Expression):
    1487    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "default": False}
    1488
    1489
    1490class Set(Expression):
    1491    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "unset": False, "tag": False}
    1492
    1493
    1494class Heredoc(Expression):
    1495    arg_types = {"this": True, "tag": False}
    1496
    1497
    1498class SetItem(Expression):
    1499    arg_types = {
    1500        "this": False,
    1501        "expressions": False,
    1502        "kind": False,
    1503        "collate": False,  # MySQL SET NAMES statement
    1504        "global": False,
    1505    }
    1506
    1507
    1508class Show(Expression):
    1509    arg_types = {
    1510        "this": True,
    1511        "history": False,
    1512        "terse": False,
    1513        "target": False,
    1514        "offset": False,
    1515        "starts_with": False,
    1516        "limit": False,
    1517        "from": False,
    1518        "like": False,
    1519        "where": False,
    1520        "db": False,
    1521        "scope": False,
    1522        "scope_kind": False,
    1523        "full": False,
    1524        "mutex": False,
    1525        "query": False,
    1526        "channel": False,
    1527        "global": False,
    1528        "log": False,
    1529        "position": False,
    1530        "types": False,
    1531    }
    1532
    1533
    1534class UserDefinedFunction(Expression):
    1535    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "wrapped": False}
    1536
    1537
    1538class CharacterSet(Expression):
    1539    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}
    1540
    1541
    1542class With(Expression):
    1543    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "recursive": False}
    1544
    1545    @property
    1546    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1547        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))
    1548
    1549
    1550class WithinGroup(Expression):
    1551    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    1552
    1553
    1554# clickhouse supports scalar ctes
    1555# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/with
    1556class CTE(DerivedTable):
    1557    arg_types = {
    1558        "this": True,
    1559        "alias": True,
    1560        "scalar": False,
    1561        "materialized": False,
    1562    }
    1563
    1564
    1565class ProjectionDef(Expression):
    1566    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    1567
    1568
    1569class TableAlias(Expression):
    1570    arg_types = {"this": False, "columns": False}
    1571
    1572    @property
    1573    def columns(self):
    1574        return self.args.get("columns") or []
    1575
    1576
    1577class BitString(Condition):
    1578    pass
    1579
    1580
    1581class HexString(Condition):
    1582    pass
    1583
    1584
    1585class ByteString(Condition):
    1586    pass
    1587
    1588
    1589class RawString(Condition):
    1590    pass
    1591
    1592
    1593class UnicodeString(Condition):
    1594    arg_types = {"this": True, "escape": False}
    1595
    1596
    1597class Column(Condition):
    1598    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False, "db": False, "catalog": False, "join_mark": False}
    1599
    1600    @property
    1601    def table(self) -> str:
    1602        return self.text("table")
    1603
    1604    @property
    1605    def db(self) -> str:
    1606        return self.text("db")
    1607
    1608    @property
    1609    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1610        return self.text("catalog")
    1611
    1612    @property
    1613    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1614        return self.name
    1615
    1616    @property
    1617    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1618        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1619        return [
    1620            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1621            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1622            if self.args.get(part)
    1623        ]
    1624
    1625    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1626        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1627        parts = self.parts
    1628        parent = self.parent
    1629
    1630        while parent:
    1631            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1632                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1633            parent = parent.parent
    1634
    1635        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]
    1636
    1637
    1638class ColumnPosition(Expression):
    1639    arg_types = {"this": False, "position": True}
    1640
    1641
    1642class ColumnDef(Expression):
    1643    arg_types = {
    1644        "this": True,
    1645        "kind": False,
    1646        "constraints": False,
    1647        "exists": False,
    1648        "position": False,
    1649    }
    1650
    1651    @property
    1652    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1653        return self.args.get("constraints") or []
    1654
    1655    @property
    1656    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1657        return self.args.get("kind")
    1658
    1659
    1660class AlterColumn(Expression):
    1661    arg_types = {
    1662        "this": True,
    1663        "dtype": False,
    1664        "collate": False,
    1665        "using": False,
    1666        "default": False,
    1667        "drop": False,
    1668        "comment": False,
    1669        "allow_null": False,
    1670    }
    1671
    1672
    1673# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_ALTER_TABLE.html
    1674class AlterDistStyle(Expression):
    1675    pass
    1676
    1677
    1678class AlterSortKey(Expression):
    1679    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "compound": False}
    1680
    1681
    1682class AlterSet(Expression):
    1683    arg_types = {
    1684        "expressions": False,
    1685        "option": False,
    1686        "tablespace": False,
    1687        "access_method": False,
    1688        "file_format": False,
    1689        "copy_options": False,
    1690        "tag": False,
    1691        "location": False,
    1692        "serde": False,
    1693    }
    1694
    1695
    1696class RenameColumn(Expression):
    1697    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True, "exists": False}
    1698
    1699
    1700class RenameTable(Expression):
    1701    pass
    1702
    1703
    1704class SwapTable(Expression):
    1705    pass
    1706
    1707
    1708class Comment(Expression):
    1709    arg_types = {
    1710        "this": True,
    1711        "kind": True,
    1712        "expression": True,
    1713        "exists": False,
    1714        "materialized": False,
    1715    }
    1716
    1717
    1718class Comprehension(Expression):
    1719    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "iterator": True, "condition": False}
    1720
    1721
    1722# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree#mergetree-table-ttl
    1723class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression):
    1724    arg_types = {
    1725        "this": True,
    1726        "delete": False,
    1727        "recompress": False,
    1728        "to_disk": False,
    1729        "to_volume": False,
    1730    }
    1731
    1732
    1733# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree#mergetree-table-ttl
    1734class MergeTreeTTL(Expression):
    1735    arg_types = {
    1736        "expressions": True,
    1737        "where": False,
    1738        "group": False,
    1739        "aggregates": False,
    1740    }
    1741
    1742
    1743# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
    1744class IndexConstraintOption(Expression):
    1745    arg_types = {
    1746        "key_block_size": False,
    1747        "using": False,
    1748        "parser": False,
    1749        "comment": False,
    1750        "visible": False,
    1751        "engine_attr": False,
    1752        "secondary_engine_attr": False,
    1753    }
    1754
    1755
    1756class ColumnConstraint(Expression):
    1757    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": True}
    1758
    1759    @property
    1760    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1761        return self.args["kind"]
    1762
    1763
    1764class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression):
    1765    pass
    1766
    1767
    1768class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1769    pass
    1770
    1771
    1772class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1773    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    1774
    1775
    1776class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1777    arg_types = {"not_": True}
    1778
    1779
    1780class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1781    arg_types = {"this": True}
    1782
    1783
    1784class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1785    arg_types = {"this": True, "enforced": False}
    1786
    1787
    1788class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1789    pass
    1790
    1791
    1792class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1793    pass
    1794
    1795
    1796class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1797    pass
    1798
    1799
    1800class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1801    arg_types = {"this": False}
    1802
    1803
    1804class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1805    arg_types = {"this": True}
    1806
    1807
    1808class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1809    pass
    1810
    1811
    1812class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1813    pass
    1814
    1815
    1816# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE
    1817class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1818    pass
    1819
    1820
    1821class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1822    arg_types = {"this": False}
    1823
    1824
    1825class WithOperator(Expression):
    1826    arg_types = {"this": True, "op": True}
    1827
    1828
    1829class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1830    # this: True -> ALWAYS, this: False -> BY DEFAULT
    1831    arg_types = {
    1832        "this": False,
    1833        "expression": False,
    1834        "on_null": False,
    1835        "start": False,
    1836        "increment": False,
    1837        "minvalue": False,
    1838        "maxvalue": False,
    1839        "cycle": False,
    1840    }
    1841
    1842
    1843class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1844    arg_types = {"start": False, "hidden": False}
    1845
    1846
    1847# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
    1848# https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/src/Parsers/ParserCreateQuery.h#L646
    1849class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1850    arg_types = {
    1851        "this": False,
    1852        "expressions": False,
    1853        "kind": False,
    1854        "index_type": False,
    1855        "options": False,
    1856        "expression": False,  # Clickhouse
    1857        "granularity": False,
    1858    }
    1859
    1860
    1861class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1862    pass
    1863
    1864
    1865class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1866    pass
    1867
    1868
    1869class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1870    arg_types = {}
    1871
    1872
    1873# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    1874class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1875    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    1876
    1877
    1878class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1879    arg_types = {"allow_null": False}
    1880
    1881
    1882# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/timestamp-initialization.html
    1883class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1884    pass
    1885
    1886
    1887# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    1888class TagColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1889    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    1890
    1891
    1892# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-external-table#optional-parameters
    1893class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1894    pass
    1895
    1896
    1897class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1898    arg_types = {"desc": False}
    1899
    1900
    1901class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1902    pass
    1903
    1904
    1905class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1906    arg_types = {"this": False, "index_type": False, "on_conflict": False, "nulls": False}
    1907
    1908
    1909class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1910    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    1911
    1912
    1913class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1914    pass
    1915
    1916
    1917# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    1918class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1919    pass
    1920
    1921
    1922# computed column expression
    1923# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-table-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    1924class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1925    arg_types = {"this": True, "persisted": False, "not_null": False}
    1926
    1927
    1928class Constraint(Expression):
    1929    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    1930
    1931
    1932class Delete(DML):
    1933    arg_types = {
    1934        "with": False,
    1935        "this": False,
    1936        "using": False,
    1937        "where": False,
    1938        "returning": False,
    1939        "limit": False,
    1940        "tables": False,  # Multiple-Table Syntax (MySQL)
    1941        "cluster": False,  # Clickhouse
    1942    }
    1943
    1944    def delete(
    1945        self,
    1946        table: ExpOrStr,
    1947        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1948        copy: bool = True,
    1949        **opts,
    1950    ) -> Delete:
    1951        """
    1952        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1953
    1954        Example:
    1955            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1956            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1957
    1958        Args:
    1959            table: the table from which to delete.
    1960            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1961            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1962            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1963
    1964        Returns:
    1965            Delete: the modified expression.
    1966        """
    1967        return _apply_builder(
    1968            expression=table,
    1969            instance=self,
    1970            arg="this",
    1971            dialect=dialect,
    1972            into=Table,
    1973            copy=copy,
    1974            **opts,
    1975        )
    1976
    1977    def where(
    1978        self,
    1979        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1980        append: bool = True,
    1981        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1982        copy: bool = True,
    1983        **opts,
    1984    ) -> Delete:
    1985        """
    1986        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    1987
    1988        Example:
    1989            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    1990            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    1991
    1992        Args:
    1993            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1994                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1995                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    1996            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    1997                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    1998            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1999            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2000            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2001
    2002        Returns:
    2003            Delete: the modified expression.
    2004        """
    2005        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2006            *expressions,
    2007            instance=self,
    2008            arg="where",
    2009            append=append,
    2010            into=Where,
    2011            dialect=dialect,
    2012            copy=copy,
    2013            **opts,
    2014        )
    2015
    2016
    2017class Drop(Expression):
    2018    arg_types = {
    2019        "this": False,
    2020        "kind": False,
    2021        "expressions": False,
    2022        "exists": False,
    2023        "temporary": False,
    2024        "materialized": False,
    2025        "cascade": False,
    2026        "constraints": False,
    2027        "purge": False,
    2028        "cluster": False,
    2029        "concurrently": False,
    2030    }
    2031
    2032    @property
    2033    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    2034        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    2035        return kind and kind.upper()
    2036
    2037
    2038class Filter(Expression):
    2039    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2040
    2041
    2042class Check(Expression):
    2043    pass
    2044
    2045
    2046class Changes(Expression):
    2047    arg_types = {"information": True, "at_before": False, "end": False}
    2048
    2049
    2050# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/connect-by
    2051class Connect(Expression):
    2052    arg_types = {"start": False, "connect": True, "nocycle": False}
    2053
    2054
    2055class CopyParameter(Expression):
    2056    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "expressions": False}
    2057
    2058
    2059class Copy(DML):
    2060    arg_types = {
    2061        "this": True,
    2062        "kind": True,
    2063        "files": True,
    2064        "credentials": False,
    2065        "format": False,
    2066        "params": False,
    2067    }
    2068
    2069
    2070class Credentials(Expression):
    2071    arg_types = {
    2072        "credentials": False,
    2073        "encryption": False,
    2074        "storage": False,
    2075        "iam_role": False,
    2076        "region": False,
    2077    }
    2078
    2079
    2080class Prior(Expression):
    2081    pass
    2082
    2083
    2084class Directory(Expression):
    2085    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-preview/sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory-hive.html
    2086    arg_types = {"this": True, "local": False, "row_format": False}
    2087
    2088
    2089class ForeignKey(Expression):
    2090    arg_types = {
    2091        "expressions": True,
    2092        "reference": False,
    2093        "delete": False,
    2094        "update": False,
    2095    }
    2096
    2097
    2098class ColumnPrefix(Expression):
    2099    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2100
    2101
    2102class PrimaryKey(Expression):
    2103    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "options": False}
    2104
    2105
    2106# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/sql-selectinto.html
    2107# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_SELECT_INTO.html#r_SELECT_INTO-examples
    2108class Into(Expression):
    2109    arg_types = {"this": True, "temporary": False, "unlogged": False}
    2110
    2111
    2112class From(Expression):
    2113    @property
    2114    def name(self) -> str:
    2115        return self.this.name
    2116
    2117    @property
    2118    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2119        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2120
    2121
    2122class Having(Expression):
    2123    pass
    2124
    2125
    2126class Hint(Expression):
    2127    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2128
    2129
    2130class JoinHint(Expression):
    2131    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    2132
    2133
    2134class Identifier(Expression):
    2135    arg_types = {"this": True, "quoted": False, "global": False, "temporary": False}
    2136
    2137    @property
    2138    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2139        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))
    2140
    2141    @property
    2142    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2143        return (self.this, self.quoted)
    2144
    2145    @property
    2146    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2147        return self.name
    2148
    2149
    2150# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-opclass.html
    2151class Opclass(Expression):
    2152    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2153
    2154
    2155class Index(Expression):
    2156    arg_types = {
    2157        "this": False,
    2158        "table": False,
    2159        "unique": False,
    2160        "primary": False,
    2161        "amp": False,  # teradata
    2162        "params": False,
    2163    }
    2164
    2165
    2166class IndexParameters(Expression):
    2167    arg_types = {
    2168        "using": False,
    2169        "include": False,
    2170        "columns": False,
    2171        "with_storage": False,
    2172        "partition_by": False,
    2173        "tablespace": False,
    2174        "where": False,
    2175        "on": False,
    2176    }
    2177
    2178
    2179class Insert(DDL, DML):
    2180    arg_types = {
    2181        "hint": False,
    2182        "with": False,
    2183        "is_function": False,
    2184        "this": False,
    2185        "expression": False,
    2186        "conflict": False,
    2187        "returning": False,
    2188        "overwrite": False,
    2189        "exists": False,
    2190        "alternative": False,
    2191        "where": False,
    2192        "ignore": False,
    2193        "by_name": False,
    2194        "stored": False,
    2195        "partition": False,
    2196        "settings": False,
    2197        "source": False,
    2198    }
    2199
    2200    def with_(
    2201        self,
    2202        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2203        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2204        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2205        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2206        append: bool = True,
    2207        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2208        copy: bool = True,
    2209        **opts,
    2210    ) -> Insert:
    2211        """
    2212        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2213
    2214        Example:
    2215            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2216            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2217
    2218        Args:
    2219            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2220                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2221            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2222                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2223            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2224            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    2225            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2226                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2227            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2228            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2229            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2230
    2231        Returns:
    2232            The modified expression.
    2233        """
    2234        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2235            self,
    2236            alias,
    2237            as_,
    2238            recursive=recursive,
    2239            materialized=materialized,
    2240            append=append,
    2241            dialect=dialect,
    2242            copy=copy,
    2243            **opts,
    2244        )
    2245
    2246
    2247class ConditionalInsert(Expression):
    2248    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "else_": False}
    2249
    2250
    2251class MultitableInserts(Expression):
    2252    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "kind": True, "source": True}
    2253
    2254
    2255class OnConflict(Expression):
    2256    arg_types = {
    2257        "duplicate": False,
    2258        "expressions": False,
    2259        "action": False,
    2260        "conflict_keys": False,
    2261        "constraint": False,
    2262    }
    2263
    2264
    2265class OnCondition(Expression):
    2266    arg_types = {"error": False, "empty": False, "null": False}
    2267
    2268
    2269class Returning(Expression):
    2270    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "into": False}
    2271
    2272
    2273# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-introducer.html
    2274class Introducer(Expression):
    2275    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2276
    2277
    2278# national char, like n'utf8'
    2279class National(Expression):
    2280    pass
    2281
    2282
    2283class LoadData(Expression):
    2284    arg_types = {
    2285        "this": True,
    2286        "local": False,
    2287        "overwrite": False,
    2288        "inpath": True,
    2289        "partition": False,
    2290        "input_format": False,
    2291        "serde": False,
    2292    }
    2293
    2294
    2295class Partition(Expression):
    2296    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2297
    2298
    2299class PartitionRange(Expression):
    2300    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2301
    2302
    2303# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition#how-to-set-partition-expression
    2304class PartitionId(Expression):
    2305    pass
    2306
    2307
    2308class Fetch(Expression):
    2309    arg_types = {
    2310        "direction": False,
    2311        "count": False,
    2312        "percent": False,
    2313        "with_ties": False,
    2314    }
    2315
    2316
    2317class Grant(Expression):
    2318    arg_types = {
    2319        "privileges": True,
    2320        "kind": False,
    2321        "securable": True,
    2322        "principals": True,
    2323        "grant_option": False,
    2324    }
    2325
    2326
    2327class Group(Expression):
    2328    arg_types = {
    2329        "expressions": False,
    2330        "grouping_sets": False,
    2331        "cube": False,
    2332        "rollup": False,
    2333        "totals": False,
    2334        "all": False,
    2335    }
    2336
    2337
    2338class Cube(Expression):
    2339    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    2340
    2341
    2342class Rollup(Expression):
    2343    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    2344
    2345
    2346class GroupingSets(Expression):
    2347    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2348
    2349
    2350class Lambda(Expression):
    2351    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    2352
    2353
    2354class Limit(Expression):
    2355    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "offset": False, "expressions": False}
    2356
    2357
    2358class Literal(Condition):
    2359    arg_types = {"this": True, "is_string": True}
    2360
    2361    @property
    2362    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2363        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))
    2364
    2365    @classmethod
    2366    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2367        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)
    2368
    2369    @classmethod
    2370    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2371        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)
    2372
    2373    @property
    2374    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2375        return self.name
    2376
    2377    def to_py(self) -> int | str | Decimal:
    2378        if self.is_number:
    2379            try:
    2380                return int(self.this)
    2381            except ValueError:
    2382                return Decimal(self.this)
    2383        return self.this
    2384
    2385
    2386class Join(Expression):
    2387    arg_types = {
    2388        "this": True,
    2389        "on": False,
    2390        "side": False,
    2391        "kind": False,
    2392        "using": False,
    2393        "method": False,
    2394        "global": False,
    2395        "hint": False,
    2396        "match_condition": False,  # Snowflake
    2397    }
    2398
    2399    @property
    2400    def method(self) -> str:
    2401        return self.text("method").upper()
    2402
    2403    @property
    2404    def kind(self) -> str:
    2405        return self.text("kind").upper()
    2406
    2407    @property
    2408    def side(self) -> str:
    2409        return self.text("side").upper()
    2410
    2411    @property
    2412    def hint(self) -> str:
    2413        return self.text("hint").upper()
    2414
    2415    @property
    2416    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2417        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2418
    2419    def on(
    2420        self,
    2421        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2422        append: bool = True,
    2423        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2424        copy: bool = True,
    2425        **opts,
    2426    ) -> Join:
    2427        """
    2428        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2429
    2430        Example:
    2431            >>> import sqlglot
    2432            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2433            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2434
    2435        Args:
    2436            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2437                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2438                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2439            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2440                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2441            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2442            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2443            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2444
    2445        Returns:
    2446            The modified Join expression.
    2447        """
    2448        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2449            *expressions,
    2450            instance=self,
    2451            arg="on",
    2452            append=append,
    2453            dialect=dialect,
    2454            copy=copy,
    2455            **opts,
    2456        )
    2457
    2458        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2459            join.set("kind", None)
    2460
    2461        return join
    2462
    2463    def using(
    2464        self,
    2465        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2466        append: bool = True,
    2467        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2468        copy: bool = True,
    2469        **opts,
    2470    ) -> Join:
    2471        """
    2472        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2473
    2474        Example:
    2475            >>> import sqlglot
    2476            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2477            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2478
    2479        Args:
    2480            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2481                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2482            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2483                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2484            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2485            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2486            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2487
    2488        Returns:
    2489            The modified Join expression.
    2490        """
    2491        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2492            *expressions,
    2493            instance=self,
    2494            arg="using",
    2495            append=append,
    2496            dialect=dialect,
    2497            copy=copy,
    2498            **opts,
    2499        )
    2500
    2501        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2502            join.set("kind", None)
    2503
    2504        return join
    2505
    2506
    2507class Lateral(UDTF):
    2508    arg_types = {
    2509        "this": True,
    2510        "view": False,
    2511        "outer": False,
    2512        "alias": False,
    2513        "cross_apply": False,  # True -> CROSS APPLY, False -> OUTER APPLY
    2514    }
    2515
    2516
    2517class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression):
    2518    arg_types = {
    2519        "this": True,
    2520        "window_frame": False,
    2521    }
    2522
    2523
    2524class MatchRecognize(Expression):
    2525    arg_types = {
    2526        "partition_by": False,
    2527        "order": False,
    2528        "measures": False,
    2529        "rows": False,
    2530        "after": False,
    2531        "pattern": False,
    2532        "define": False,
    2533        "alias": False,
    2534    }
    2535
    2536
    2537# Clickhouse FROM FINAL modifier
    2538# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/from/#final-modifier
    2539class Final(Expression):
    2540    pass
    2541
    2542
    2543class Offset(Expression):
    2544    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "expressions": False}
    2545
    2546
    2547class Order(Expression):
    2548    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": True, "siblings": False}
    2549
    2550
    2551# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/order-by#order-by-expr-with-fill-modifier
    2552class WithFill(Expression):
    2553    arg_types = {
    2554        "from": False,
    2555        "to": False,
    2556        "step": False,
    2557        "interpolate": False,
    2558    }
    2559
    2560
    2561# hive specific sorts
    2562# https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+SortBy
    2563class Cluster(Order):
    2564    pass
    2565
    2566
    2567class Distribute(Order):
    2568    pass
    2569
    2570
    2571class Sort(Order):
    2572    pass
    2573
    2574
    2575class Ordered(Expression):
    2576    arg_types = {"this": True, "desc": False, "nulls_first": True, "with_fill": False}
    2577
    2578
    2579class Property(Expression):
    2580    arg_types = {"this": True, "value": True}
    2581
    2582
    2583class GrantPrivilege(Expression):
    2584    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    2585
    2586
    2587class GrantPrincipal(Expression):
    2588    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    2589
    2590
    2591class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression):
    2592    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2593
    2594
    2595class AlgorithmProperty(Property):
    2596    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2597
    2598
    2599class AutoIncrementProperty(Property):
    2600    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2601
    2602
    2603# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/materialized-views-redshift/refreshing-materialized-views.html
    2604class AutoRefreshProperty(Property):
    2605    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2606
    2607
    2608class BackupProperty(Property):
    2609    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2610
    2611
    2612class BlockCompressionProperty(Property):
    2613    arg_types = {
    2614        "autotemp": False,
    2615        "always": False,
    2616        "default": False,
    2617        "manual": False,
    2618        "never": False,
    2619    }
    2620
    2621
    2622class CharacterSetProperty(Property):
    2623    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": True}
    2624
    2625
    2626class ChecksumProperty(Property):
    2627    arg_types = {"on": False, "default": False}
    2628
    2629
    2630class CollateProperty(Property):
    2631    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}
    2632
    2633
    2634class CopyGrantsProperty(Property):
    2635    arg_types = {}
    2636
    2637
    2638class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property):
    2639    arg_types = {
    2640        "size": False,
    2641        "units": False,
    2642        "minimum": False,
    2643        "maximum": False,
    2644        "default": False,
    2645    }
    2646
    2647
    2648class DataDeletionProperty(Property):
    2649    arg_types = {"on": True, "filter_col": False, "retention_period": False}
    2650
    2651
    2652class DefinerProperty(Property):
    2653    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2654
    2655
    2656class DistKeyProperty(Property):
    2657    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2658
    2659
    2660# https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/data-definition/CREATE_TABLE/#distribution_desc
    2661# https://doris.apache.org/docs/sql-manual/sql-statements/Data-Definition-Statements/Create/CREATE-TABLE?_highlight=create&_highlight=table#distribution_desc
    2662class DistributedByProperty(Property):
    2663    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "kind": True, "buckets": False, "order": False}
    2664
    2665
    2666class DistStyleProperty(Property):
    2667    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2668
    2669
    2670class DuplicateKeyProperty(Property):
    2671    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2672
    2673
    2674class EngineProperty(Property):
    2675    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2676
    2677
    2678class HeapProperty(Property):
    2679    arg_types = {}
    2680
    2681
    2682class ToTableProperty(Property):
    2683    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2684
    2685
    2686class ExecuteAsProperty(Property):
    2687    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2688
    2689
    2690class ExternalProperty(Property):
    2691    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2692
    2693
    2694class FallbackProperty(Property):
    2695    arg_types = {"no": True, "protection": False}
    2696
    2697
    2698class FileFormatProperty(Property):
    2699    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2700
    2701
    2702class FreespaceProperty(Property):
    2703    arg_types = {"this": True, "percent": False}
    2704
    2705
    2706class GlobalProperty(Property):
    2707    arg_types = {}
    2708
    2709
    2710class IcebergProperty(Property):
    2711    arg_types = {}
    2712
    2713
    2714class InheritsProperty(Property):
    2715    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2716
    2717
    2718class InputModelProperty(Property):
    2719    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2720
    2721
    2722class OutputModelProperty(Property):
    2723    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2724
    2725
    2726class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property):
    2727    arg_types = {"no": False, "concurrent": False, "target": False}
    2728
    2729
    2730class JournalProperty(Property):
    2731    arg_types = {
    2732        "no": False,
    2733        "dual": False,
    2734        "before": False,
    2735        "local": False,
    2736        "after": False,
    2737    }
    2738
    2739
    2740class LanguageProperty(Property):
    2741    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2742
    2743
    2744# spark ddl
    2745class ClusteredByProperty(Property):
    2746    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "sorted_by": False, "buckets": True}
    2747
    2748
    2749class DictProperty(Property):
    2750    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "settings": False}
    2751
    2752
    2753class DictSubProperty(Property):
    2754    pass
    2755
    2756
    2757class DictRange(Property):
    2758    arg_types = {"this": True, "min": True, "max": True}
    2759
    2760
    2761class DynamicProperty(Property):
    2762    arg_types = {}
    2763
    2764
    2765# Clickhouse CREATE ... ON CLUSTER modifier
    2766# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/distributed-ddl
    2767class OnCluster(Property):
    2768    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2769
    2770
    2771# Clickhouse EMPTY table "property"
    2772class EmptyProperty(Property):
    2773    arg_types = {}
    2774
    2775
    2776class LikeProperty(Property):
    2777    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    2778
    2779
    2780class LocationProperty(Property):
    2781    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2782
    2783
    2784class LockProperty(Property):
    2785    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2786
    2787
    2788class LockingProperty(Property):
    2789    arg_types = {
    2790        "this": False,
    2791        "kind": True,
    2792        "for_or_in": False,
    2793        "lock_type": True,
    2794        "override": False,
    2795    }
    2796
    2797
    2798class LogProperty(Property):
    2799    arg_types = {"no": True}
    2800
    2801
    2802class MaterializedProperty(Property):
    2803    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2804
    2805
    2806class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property):
    2807    arg_types = {"this": False, "no": False, "default": False, "percent": False}
    2808
    2809
    2810class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property):
    2811    arg_types = {}
    2812
    2813
    2814class OnProperty(Property):
    2815    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2816
    2817
    2818class OnCommitProperty(Property):
    2819    arg_types = {"delete": False}
    2820
    2821
    2822class PartitionedByProperty(Property):
    2823    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2824
    2825
    2826# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html
    2827class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression):
    2828    # this -> IN / MODULUS, expression -> REMAINDER, from_expressions -> FROM (...), to_expressions -> TO (...)
    2829    arg_types = {
    2830        "this": False,
    2831        "expression": False,
    2832        "from_expressions": False,
    2833        "to_expressions": False,
    2834    }
    2835
    2836
    2837class PartitionedOfProperty(Property):
    2838    # this -> parent_table (schema), expression -> FOR VALUES ... / DEFAULT
    2839    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2840
    2841
    2842class StreamingTableProperty(Property):
    2843    arg_types = {}
    2844
    2845
    2846class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property):
    2847    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2848
    2849
    2850class ReturnsProperty(Property):
    2851    arg_types = {"this": False, "is_table": False, "table": False, "null": False}
    2852
    2853
    2854class StrictProperty(Property):
    2855    arg_types = {}
    2856
    2857
    2858class RowFormatProperty(Property):
    2859    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2860
    2861
    2862class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property):
    2863    # https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/hive/languagemanual+dml
    2864    arg_types = {
    2865        "fields": False,
    2866        "escaped": False,
    2867        "collection_items": False,
    2868        "map_keys": False,
    2869        "lines": False,
    2870        "null": False,
    2871        "serde": False,
    2872    }
    2873
    2874
    2875class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property):
    2876    arg_types = {"this": True, "serde_properties": False}
    2877
    2878
    2879# https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.1.2/sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-transform.html
    2880class QueryTransform(Expression):
    2881    arg_types = {
    2882        "expressions": True,
    2883        "command_script": True,
    2884        "schema": False,
    2885        "row_format_before": False,
    2886        "record_writer": False,
    2887        "row_format_after": False,
    2888        "record_reader": False,
    2889    }
    2890
    2891
    2892class SampleProperty(Property):
    2893    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2894
    2895
    2896# https://prestodb.io/docs/current/sql/create-view.html#synopsis
    2897class SecurityProperty(Property):
    2898    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2899
    2900
    2901class SchemaCommentProperty(Property):
    2902    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2903
    2904
    2905class SerdeProperties(Property):
    2906    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "with": False}
    2907
    2908
    2909class SetProperty(Property):
    2910    arg_types = {"multi": True}
    2911
    2912
    2913class SharingProperty(Property):
    2914    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2915
    2916
    2917class SetConfigProperty(Property):
    2918    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2919
    2920
    2921class SettingsProperty(Property):
    2922    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2923
    2924
    2925class SortKeyProperty(Property):
    2926    arg_types = {"this": True, "compound": False}
    2927
    2928
    2929class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property):
    2930    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2931
    2932
    2933class SqlSecurityProperty(Property):
    2934    arg_types = {"definer": True}
    2935
    2936
    2937class StabilityProperty(Property):
    2938    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2939
    2940
    2941class TemporaryProperty(Property):
    2942    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2943
    2944
    2945class SecureProperty(Property):
    2946    arg_types = {}
    2947
    2948
    2949class TransformModelProperty(Property):
    2950    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2951
    2952
    2953class TransientProperty(Property):
    2954    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2955
    2956
    2957class UnloggedProperty(Property):
    2958    arg_types = {}
    2959
    2960
    2961# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-view-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    2962class ViewAttributeProperty(Property):
    2963    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2964
    2965
    2966class VolatileProperty(Property):
    2967    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2968
    2969
    2970class WithDataProperty(Property):
    2971    arg_types = {"no": True, "statistics": False}
    2972
    2973
    2974class WithJournalTableProperty(Property):
    2975    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2976
    2977
    2978class WithSchemaBindingProperty(Property):
    2979    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2980
    2981
    2982class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property):
    2983    arg_types = {
    2984        "on": False,
    2985        "this": False,
    2986        "data_consistency": False,
    2987        "retention_period": False,
    2988        "with": True,
    2989    }
    2990
    2991
    2992class Properties(Expression):
    2993    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2994
    2995    NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {
    2996        "ALGORITHM": AlgorithmProperty,
    2997        "AUTO_INCREMENT": AutoIncrementProperty,
    2998        "CHARACTER SET": CharacterSetProperty,
    2999        "CLUSTERED_BY": ClusteredByProperty,
    3000        "COLLATE": CollateProperty,
    3001        "COMMENT": SchemaCommentProperty,
    3002        "DEFINER": DefinerProperty,
    3003        "DISTKEY": DistKeyProperty,
    3004        "DISTRIBUTED_BY": DistributedByProperty,
    3005        "DISTSTYLE": DistStyleProperty,
    3006        "ENGINE": EngineProperty,
    3007        "EXECUTE AS": ExecuteAsProperty,
    3008        "FORMAT": FileFormatProperty,
    3009        "LANGUAGE": LanguageProperty,
    3010        "LOCATION": LocationProperty,
    3011        "LOCK": LockProperty,
    3012        "PARTITIONED_BY": PartitionedByProperty,
    3013        "RETURNS": ReturnsProperty,
    3014        "ROW_FORMAT": RowFormatProperty,
    3015        "SORTKEY": SortKeyProperty,
    3016    }
    3017
    3018    PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {v: k for k, v in NAME_TO_PROPERTY.items()}
    3019
    3020    # CREATE property locations
    3021    # Form: schema specified
    3022    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    3023    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    3024    #     (b int) [POST_SCHEMA]
    3025    #     with ([POST_WITH])
    3026    #     index (b) [POST_INDEX]
    3027    #
    3028    # Form: alias selection
    3029    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    3030    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    3031    #     as [POST_ALIAS] (select * from b) [POST_EXPRESSION]
    3032    #     index (c) [POST_INDEX]
    3033    class Location(AutoName):
    3034        POST_CREATE = auto()
    3035        POST_NAME = auto()
    3036        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    3037        POST_WITH = auto()
    3038        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    3039        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    3040        POST_INDEX = auto()
    3041        UNSUPPORTED = auto()
    3042
    3043    @classmethod
    3044    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    3045        expressions = []
    3046        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    3047            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    3048            if property_cls:
    3049                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    3050            else:
    3051                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    3052
    3053        return cls(expressions=expressions)
    3054
    3055
    3056class Qualify(Expression):
    3057    pass
    3058
    3059
    3060class InputOutputFormat(Expression):
    3061    arg_types = {"input_format": False, "output_format": False}
    3062
    3063
    3064# https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/ias?topic=procedures-return-statement-in-sql
    3065class Return(Expression):
    3066    pass
    3067
    3068
    3069class Reference(Expression):
    3070    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "options": False}
    3071
    3072
    3073class Tuple(Expression):
    3074    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    3075
    3076    def isin(
    3077        self,
    3078        *expressions: t.Any,
    3079        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3080        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3081        copy: bool = True,
    3082        **opts,
    3083    ) -> In:
    3084        return In(
    3085            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    3086            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    3087            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    3088            unnest=(
    3089                Unnest(
    3090                    expressions=[
    3091                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    3092                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    3093                    ]
    3094                )
    3095                if unnest
    3096                else None
    3097            ),
    3098        )
    3099
    3100
    3101QUERY_MODIFIERS = {
    3102    "match": False,
    3103    "laterals": False,
    3104    "joins": False,
    3105    "connect": False,
    3106    "pivots": False,
    3107    "prewhere": False,
    3108    "where": False,
    3109    "group": False,
    3110    "having": False,
    3111    "qualify": False,
    3112    "windows": False,
    3113    "distribute": False,
    3114    "sort": False,
    3115    "cluster": False,
    3116    "order": False,
    3117    "limit": False,
    3118    "offset": False,
    3119    "locks": False,
    3120    "sample": False,
    3121    "settings": False,
    3122    "format": False,
    3123    "options": False,
    3124}
    3125
    3126
    3127# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/option-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    3128# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-ver16
    3129class QueryOption(Expression):
    3130    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    3131
    3132
    3133# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    3134class WithTableHint(Expression):
    3135    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    3136
    3137
    3138# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/index-hints.html
    3139class IndexTableHint(Expression):
    3140    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "target": False}
    3141
    3142
    3143# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    3144class HistoricalData(Expression):
    3145    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": True}
    3146
    3147
    3148class Table(Expression):
    3149    arg_types = {
    3150        "this": False,
    3151        "alias": False,
    3152        "db": False,
    3153        "catalog": False,
    3154        "laterals": False,
    3155        "joins": False,
    3156        "pivots": False,
    3157        "hints": False,
    3158        "system_time": False,
    3159        "version": False,
    3160        "format": False,
    3161        "pattern": False,
    3162        "ordinality": False,
    3163        "when": False,
    3164        "only": False,
    3165        "partition": False,
    3166        "changes": False,
    3167        "rows_from": False,
    3168        "sample": False,
    3169    }
    3170
    3171    @property
    3172    def name(self) -> str:
    3173        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3174            return ""
    3175        return self.this.name
    3176
    3177    @property
    3178    def db(self) -> str:
    3179        return self.text("db")
    3180
    3181    @property
    3182    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3183        return self.text("catalog")
    3184
    3185    @property
    3186    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3187        return []
    3188
    3189    @property
    3190    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3191        return []
    3192
    3193    @property
    3194    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3195        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3196        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3197
    3198        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3199            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3200
    3201            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3202                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3203            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3204                parts.append(part)
    3205
    3206        return parts
    3207
    3208    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3209        parts = self.parts
    3210        col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3211        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3212        if alias:
    3213            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3214        return col
    3215
    3216
    3217class SetOperation(Query):
    3218    arg_types = {
    3219        "with": False,
    3220        "this": True,
    3221        "expression": True,
    3222        "distinct": False,
    3223        "by_name": False,
    3224        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3225    }
    3226
    3227    def select(
    3228        self: S,
    3229        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3230        append: bool = True,
    3231        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3232        copy: bool = True,
    3233        **opts,
    3234    ) -> S:
    3235        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3236        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3237        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3238            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3239        )
    3240        return this
    3241
    3242    @property
    3243    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3244        return self.this.unnest().named_selects
    3245
    3246    @property
    3247    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3248        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star
    3249
    3250    @property
    3251    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3252        return self.this.unnest().selects
    3253
    3254    @property
    3255    def left(self) -> Query:
    3256        return self.this
    3257
    3258    @property
    3259    def right(self) -> Query:
    3260        return self.expression
    3261
    3262
    3263class Union(SetOperation):
    3264    pass
    3265
    3266
    3267class Except(SetOperation):
    3268    pass
    3269
    3270
    3271class Intersect(SetOperation):
    3272    pass
    3273
    3274
    3275class Update(Expression):
    3276    arg_types = {
    3277        "with": False,
    3278        "this": False,
    3279        "expressions": True,
    3280        "from": False,
    3281        "where": False,
    3282        "returning": False,
    3283        "order": False,
    3284        "limit": False,
    3285    }
    3286
    3287
    3288class Values(UDTF):
    3289    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "alias": False}
    3290
    3291
    3292class Var(Expression):
    3293    pass
    3294
    3295
    3296class Version(Expression):
    3297    """
    3298    Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc
    3299    https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots
    3300    https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html
    3301    https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of
    3302    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    3303    this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION
    3304    kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")
    3305    """
    3306
    3307    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": False}
    3308
    3309
    3310class Schema(Expression):
    3311    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False}
    3312
    3313
    3314# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/select.html
    3315# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/SELECT.html
    3316class Lock(Expression):
    3317    arg_types = {"update": True, "expressions": False, "wait": False}
    3318
    3319
    3320class Select(Query):
    3321    arg_types = {
    3322        "with": False,
    3323        "kind": False,
    3324        "expressions": False,
    3325        "hint": False,
    3326        "distinct": False,
    3327        "into": False,
    3328        "from": False,
    3329        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3330    }
    3331
    3332    def from_(
    3333        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3334    ) -> Select:
    3335        """
    3336        Set the FROM expression.
    3337
    3338        Example:
    3339            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3340            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3341
    3342        Args:
    3343            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3344                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3345                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3346            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3347            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3348            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3349
    3350        Returns:
    3351            The modified Select expression.
    3352        """
    3353        return _apply_builder(
    3354            expression=expression,
    3355            instance=self,
    3356            arg="from",
    3357            into=From,
    3358            prefix="FROM",
    3359            dialect=dialect,
    3360            copy=copy,
    3361            **opts,
    3362        )
    3363
    3364    def group_by(
    3365        self,
    3366        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3367        append: bool = True,
    3368        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3369        copy: bool = True,
    3370        **opts,
    3371    ) -> Select:
    3372        """
    3373        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3374
    3375        Example:
    3376            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3377            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3378
    3379        Args:
    3380            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3381                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3382                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3383                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3384            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3385                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3386            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3387            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3388            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3389
    3390        Returns:
    3391            The modified Select expression.
    3392        """
    3393        if not expressions:
    3394            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3395
    3396        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3397            *expressions,
    3398            instance=self,
    3399            arg="group",
    3400            append=append,
    3401            copy=copy,
    3402            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3403            into=Group,
    3404            dialect=dialect,
    3405            **opts,
    3406        )
    3407
    3408    def sort_by(
    3409        self,
    3410        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3411        append: bool = True,
    3412        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3413        copy: bool = True,
    3414        **opts,
    3415    ) -> Select:
    3416        """
    3417        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3418
    3419        Example:
    3420            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3421            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3422
    3423        Args:
    3424            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3425                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3426                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3427            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3428                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3429            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3430            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3431            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3432
    3433        Returns:
    3434            The modified Select expression.
    3435        """
    3436        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3437            *expressions,
    3438            instance=self,
    3439            arg="sort",
    3440            append=append,
    3441            copy=copy,
    3442            prefix="SORT BY",
    3443            into=Sort,
    3444            dialect=dialect,
    3445            **opts,
    3446        )
    3447
    3448    def cluster_by(
    3449        self,
    3450        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3451        append: bool = True,
    3452        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3453        copy: bool = True,
    3454        **opts,
    3455    ) -> Select:
    3456        """
    3457        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3458
    3459        Example:
    3460            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3461            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3462
    3463        Args:
    3464            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3465                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3466                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3467            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3468                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3469            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3470            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3471            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3472
    3473        Returns:
    3474            The modified Select expression.
    3475        """
    3476        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3477            *expressions,
    3478            instance=self,
    3479            arg="cluster",
    3480            append=append,
    3481            copy=copy,
    3482            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3483            into=Cluster,
    3484            dialect=dialect,
    3485            **opts,
    3486        )
    3487
    3488    def select(
    3489        self,
    3490        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3491        append: bool = True,
    3492        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3493        copy: bool = True,
    3494        **opts,
    3495    ) -> Select:
    3496        return _apply_list_builder(
    3497            *expressions,
    3498            instance=self,
    3499            arg="expressions",
    3500            append=append,
    3501            dialect=dialect,
    3502            into=Expression,
    3503            copy=copy,
    3504            **opts,
    3505        )
    3506
    3507    def lateral(
    3508        self,
    3509        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3510        append: bool = True,
    3511        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3512        copy: bool = True,
    3513        **opts,
    3514    ) -> Select:
    3515        """
    3516        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3517
    3518        Example:
    3519            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3520            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3521
    3522        Args:
    3523            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3524                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3525            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3526                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3527            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3528            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3529            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3530
    3531        Returns:
    3532            The modified Select expression.
    3533        """
    3534        return _apply_list_builder(
    3535            *expressions,
    3536            instance=self,
    3537            arg="laterals",
    3538            append=append,
    3539            into=Lateral,
    3540            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3541            dialect=dialect,
    3542            copy=copy,
    3543            **opts,
    3544        )
    3545
    3546    def join(
    3547        self,
    3548        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3549        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3550        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3551        append: bool = True,
    3552        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3553        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3554        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3555        copy: bool = True,
    3556        **opts,
    3557    ) -> Select:
    3558        """
    3559        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3560
    3561        Example:
    3562            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3563            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3564
    3565            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3566            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3567
    3568            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3569
    3570            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3571            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3572
    3573        Args:
    3574            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3575                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3576            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3577                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3578            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3579                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3580            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3581                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3582            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3583            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3584            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3585            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3586            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3587
    3588        Returns:
    3589            Select: the modified expression.
    3590        """
    3591        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3592
    3593        try:
    3594            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3595        except ParseError:
    3596            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3597
    3598        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3599
    3600        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3601            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3602
    3603        if join_type:
    3604            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3605            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3606            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3607
    3608            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3609
    3610            if method:
    3611                join.set("method", method.text)
    3612            if side:
    3613                join.set("side", side.text)
    3614            if kind:
    3615                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3616
    3617        if on:
    3618            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3619            join.set("on", on)
    3620
    3621        if using:
    3622            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3623                *ensure_list(using),
    3624                instance=join,
    3625                arg="using",
    3626                append=append,
    3627                copy=copy,
    3628                into=Identifier,
    3629                **opts,
    3630            )
    3631
    3632        if join_alias:
    3633            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3634
    3635        return _apply_list_builder(
    3636            join,
    3637            instance=self,
    3638            arg="joins",
    3639            append=append,
    3640            copy=copy,
    3641            **opts,
    3642        )
    3643
    3644    def where(
    3645        self,
    3646        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3647        append: bool = True,
    3648        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3649        copy: bool = True,
    3650        **opts,
    3651    ) -> Select:
    3652        """
    3653        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3654
    3655        Example:
    3656            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3657            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3658
    3659        Args:
    3660            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3661                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3662                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3663            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3664                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3665            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3666            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3667            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3668
    3669        Returns:
    3670            Select: the modified expression.
    3671        """
    3672        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3673            *expressions,
    3674            instance=self,
    3675            arg="where",
    3676            append=append,
    3677            into=Where,
    3678            dialect=dialect,
    3679            copy=copy,
    3680            **opts,
    3681        )
    3682
    3683    def having(
    3684        self,
    3685        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3686        append: bool = True,
    3687        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3688        copy: bool = True,
    3689        **opts,
    3690    ) -> Select:
    3691        """
    3692        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3693
    3694        Example:
    3695            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3696            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3697
    3698        Args:
    3699            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3700                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3701                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3702            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3703                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3704            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3705            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3706            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3707
    3708        Returns:
    3709            The modified Select expression.
    3710        """
    3711        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3712            *expressions,
    3713            instance=self,
    3714            arg="having",
    3715            append=append,
    3716            into=Having,
    3717            dialect=dialect,
    3718            copy=copy,
    3719            **opts,
    3720        )
    3721
    3722    def window(
    3723        self,
    3724        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3725        append: bool = True,
    3726        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3727        copy: bool = True,
    3728        **opts,
    3729    ) -> Select:
    3730        return _apply_list_builder(
    3731            *expressions,
    3732            instance=self,
    3733            arg="windows",
    3734            append=append,
    3735            into=Window,
    3736            dialect=dialect,
    3737            copy=copy,
    3738            **opts,
    3739        )
    3740
    3741    def qualify(
    3742        self,
    3743        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3744        append: bool = True,
    3745        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3746        copy: bool = True,
    3747        **opts,
    3748    ) -> Select:
    3749        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3750            *expressions,
    3751            instance=self,
    3752            arg="qualify",
    3753            append=append,
    3754            into=Qualify,
    3755            dialect=dialect,
    3756            copy=copy,
    3757            **opts,
    3758        )
    3759
    3760    def distinct(
    3761        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    3762    ) -> Select:
    3763        """
    3764        Set the OFFSET expression.
    3765
    3766        Example:
    3767            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    3768            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    3769
    3770        Args:
    3771            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    3772            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    3773            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3774
    3775        Returns:
    3776            Select: the modified expression.
    3777        """
    3778        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3779        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    3780        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    3781        return instance
    3782
    3783    def ctas(
    3784        self,
    3785        table: ExpOrStr,
    3786        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    3787        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3788        copy: bool = True,
    3789        **opts,
    3790    ) -> Create:
    3791        """
    3792        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    3793
    3794        Example:
    3795            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    3796            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    3797
    3798        Args:
    3799            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3800                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3801            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    3802            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    3803            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3804            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    3805
    3806        Returns:
    3807            The new Create expression.
    3808        """
    3809        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3810        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    3811
    3812        properties_expression = None
    3813        if properties:
    3814            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    3815
    3816        return Create(
    3817            this=table_expression,
    3818            kind="TABLE",
    3819            expression=instance,
    3820            properties=properties_expression,
    3821        )
    3822
    3823    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3824        """
    3825        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    3826
    3827        Examples:
    3828            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    3829            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    3830
    3831            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    3832            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    3833
    3834        Args:
    3835            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    3836            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3837
    3838        Returns:
    3839            The modified expression.
    3840        """
    3841        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3842        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    3843
    3844        return inst
    3845
    3846    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3847        """
    3848        Set hints for this expression.
    3849
    3850        Examples:
    3851            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    3852            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    3853
    3854        Args:
    3855            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    3856                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3857            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    3858            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3859
    3860        Returns:
    3861            The modified expression.
    3862        """
    3863        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3864        inst.set(
    3865            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    3866        )
    3867
    3868        return inst
    3869
    3870    @property
    3871    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3872        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]
    3873
    3874    @property
    3875    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3876        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)
    3877
    3878    @property
    3879    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3880        return self.expressions
    3881
    3882
    3883UNWRAPPED_QUERIES = (Select, SetOperation)
    3884
    3885
    3886class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query):
    3887    arg_types = {
    3888        "this": True,
    3889        "alias": False,
    3890        "with": False,
    3891        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3892    }
    3893
    3894    def unnest(self):
    3895        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    3896        expression = self
    3897        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    3898            expression = expression.this
    3899        return expression
    3900
    3901    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    3902        expression = self
    3903        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    3904            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    3905        return expression
    3906
    3907    def select(
    3908        self,
    3909        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3910        append: bool = True,
    3911        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3912        copy: bool = True,
    3913        **opts,
    3914    ) -> Subquery:
    3915        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3916        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3917        return this
    3918
    3919    @property
    3920    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    3921        """
    3922        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    3923
    3924        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    3925                      ^
    3926                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    3927        """
    3928        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")
    3929
    3930    @property
    3931    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3932        return self.this.is_star
    3933
    3934    @property
    3935    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3936        return self.alias
    3937
    3938
    3939class TableSample(Expression):
    3940    arg_types = {
    3941        "expressions": False,
    3942        "method": False,
    3943        "bucket_numerator": False,
    3944        "bucket_denominator": False,
    3945        "bucket_field": False,
    3946        "percent": False,
    3947        "rows": False,
    3948        "size": False,
    3949        "seed": False,
    3950    }
    3951
    3952
    3953class Tag(Expression):
    3954    """Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT <span>x</span>."""
    3955
    3956    arg_types = {
    3957        "this": False,
    3958        "prefix": False,
    3959        "postfix": False,
    3960    }
    3961
    3962
    3963# Represents both the standard SQL PIVOT operator and DuckDB's "simplified" PIVOT syntax
    3964# https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/pivot
    3965class Pivot(Expression):
    3966    arg_types = {
    3967        "this": False,
    3968        "alias": False,
    3969        "expressions": False,
    3970        "field": False,
    3971        "unpivot": False,
    3972        "using": False,
    3973        "group": False,
    3974        "columns": False,
    3975        "include_nulls": False,
    3976        "default_on_null": False,
    3977    }
    3978
    3979    @property
    3980    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    3981        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))
    3982
    3983
    3984class Window(Condition):
    3985    arg_types = {
    3986        "this": True,
    3987        "partition_by": False,
    3988        "order": False,
    3989        "spec": False,
    3990        "alias": False,
    3991        "over": False,
    3992        "first": False,
    3993    }
    3994
    3995
    3996class WindowSpec(Expression):
    3997    arg_types = {
    3998        "kind": False,
    3999        "start": False,
    4000        "start_side": False,
    4001        "end": False,
    4002        "end_side": False,
    4003    }
    4004
    4005
    4006class PreWhere(Expression):
    4007    pass
    4008
    4009
    4010class Where(Expression):
    4011    pass
    4012
    4013
    4014class Star(Expression):
    4015    arg_types = {"except": False, "replace": False, "rename": False}
    4016
    4017    @property
    4018    def name(self) -> str:
    4019        return "*"
    4020
    4021    @property
    4022    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4023        return self.name
    4024
    4025
    4026class Parameter(Condition):
    4027    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4028
    4029
    4030class SessionParameter(Condition):
    4031    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    4032
    4033
    4034class Placeholder(Condition):
    4035    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False}
    4036
    4037    @property
    4038    def name(self) -> str:
    4039        return self.this or "?"
    4040
    4041
    4042class Null(Condition):
    4043    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    4044
    4045    @property
    4046    def name(self) -> str:
    4047        return "NULL"
    4048
    4049    def to_py(self) -> Lit[None]:
    4050        return None
    4051
    4052
    4053class Boolean(Condition):
    4054    def to_py(self) -> bool:
    4055        return self.this
    4056
    4057
    4058class DataTypeParam(Expression):
    4059    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4060
    4061    @property
    4062    def name(self) -> str:
    4063        return self.this.name
    4064
    4065
    4066# The `nullable` arg is helpful when transpiling types from other dialects to ClickHouse, which
    4067# assumes non-nullable types by default. Values `None` and `True` mean the type is nullable.
    4068class DataType(Expression):
    4069    arg_types = {
    4070        "this": True,
    4071        "expressions": False,
    4072        "nested": False,
    4073        "values": False,
    4074        "prefix": False,
    4075        "kind": False,
    4076        "nullable": False,
    4077    }
    4078
    4079    class Type(AutoName):
    4080        ARRAY = auto()
    4081        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4082        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4083        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    4084        BIGINT = auto()
    4085        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    4086        BINARY = auto()
    4087        BIT = auto()
    4088        BOOLEAN = auto()
    4089        BPCHAR = auto()
    4090        CHAR = auto()
    4091        DATE = auto()
    4092        DATE32 = auto()
    4093        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4094        DATERANGE = auto()
    4095        DATETIME = auto()
    4096        DATETIME64 = auto()
    4097        DECIMAL = auto()
    4098        DECIMAL32 = auto()
    4099        DECIMAL64 = auto()
    4100        DECIMAL128 = auto()
    4101        DOUBLE = auto()
    4102        ENUM = auto()
    4103        ENUM8 = auto()
    4104        ENUM16 = auto()
    4105        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    4106        FLOAT = auto()
    4107        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    4108        GEOMETRY = auto()
    4109        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    4110        HSTORE = auto()
    4111        IMAGE = auto()
    4112        INET = auto()
    4113        INT = auto()
    4114        INT128 = auto()
    4115        INT256 = auto()
    4116        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4117        INT4RANGE = auto()
    4118        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4119        INT8RANGE = auto()
    4120        INTERVAL = auto()
    4121        IPADDRESS = auto()
    4122        IPPREFIX = auto()
    4123        IPV4 = auto()
    4124        IPV6 = auto()
    4125        JSON = auto()
    4126        JSONB = auto()
    4127        LIST = auto()
    4128        LONGBLOB = auto()
    4129        LONGTEXT = auto()
    4130        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    4131        MAP = auto()
    4132        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    4133        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    4134        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    4135        MONEY = auto()
    4136        NAME = auto()
    4137        NCHAR = auto()
    4138        NESTED = auto()
    4139        NULL = auto()
    4140        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4141        NUMRANGE = auto()
    4142        NVARCHAR = auto()
    4143        OBJECT = auto()
    4144        RANGE = auto()
    4145        ROWVERSION = auto()
    4146        SERIAL = auto()
    4147        SET = auto()
    4148        SMALLINT = auto()
    4149        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4150        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4151        STRUCT = auto()
    4152        SUPER = auto()
    4153        TEXT = auto()
    4154        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4155        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4156        TIME = auto()
    4157        TIMETZ = auto()
    4158        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4159        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4160        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4161        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4162        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4163        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4164        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4165        TINYINT = auto()
    4166        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4167        TSRANGE = auto()
    4168        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4169        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4170        UBIGINT = auto()
    4171        UINT = auto()
    4172        UINT128 = auto()
    4173        UINT256 = auto()
    4174        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4175        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4176        UNION = auto()
    4177        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4178        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4179        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4180        USMALLINT = auto()
    4181        UTINYINT = auto()
    4182        UUID = auto()
    4183        VARBINARY = auto()
    4184        VARCHAR = auto()
    4185        VARIANT = auto()
    4186        VECTOR = auto()
    4187        XML = auto()
    4188        YEAR = auto()
    4189        TDIGEST = auto()
    4190
    4191    STRUCT_TYPES = {
    4192        Type.NESTED,
    4193        Type.OBJECT,
    4194        Type.STRUCT,
    4195        Type.UNION,
    4196    }
    4197
    4198    ARRAY_TYPES = {
    4199        Type.ARRAY,
    4200        Type.LIST,
    4201    }
    4202
    4203    NESTED_TYPES = {
    4204        *STRUCT_TYPES,
    4205        *ARRAY_TYPES,
    4206        Type.MAP,
    4207    }
    4208
    4209    TEXT_TYPES = {
    4210        Type.CHAR,
    4211        Type.NCHAR,
    4212        Type.NVARCHAR,
    4213        Type.TEXT,
    4214        Type.VARCHAR,
    4215        Type.NAME,
    4216    }
    4217
    4218    SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4219        Type.BIGINT,
    4220        Type.INT,
    4221        Type.INT128,
    4222        Type.INT256,
    4223        Type.MEDIUMINT,
    4224        Type.SMALLINT,
    4225        Type.TINYINT,
    4226    }
    4227
    4228    UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4229        Type.UBIGINT,
    4230        Type.UINT,
    4231        Type.UINT128,
    4232        Type.UINT256,
    4233        Type.UMEDIUMINT,
    4234        Type.USMALLINT,
    4235        Type.UTINYINT,
    4236    }
    4237
    4238    INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4239        *SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4240        *UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4241        Type.BIT,
    4242    }
    4243
    4244    FLOAT_TYPES = {
    4245        Type.DOUBLE,
    4246        Type.FLOAT,
    4247    }
    4248
    4249    REAL_TYPES = {
    4250        *FLOAT_TYPES,
    4251        Type.BIGDECIMAL,
    4252        Type.DECIMAL,
    4253        Type.DECIMAL32,
    4254        Type.DECIMAL64,
    4255        Type.DECIMAL128,
    4256        Type.MONEY,
    4257        Type.SMALLMONEY,
    4258        Type.UDECIMAL,
    4259    }
    4260
    4261    NUMERIC_TYPES = {
    4262        *INTEGER_TYPES,
    4263        *REAL_TYPES,
    4264    }
    4265
    4266    TEMPORAL_TYPES = {
    4267        Type.DATE,
    4268        Type.DATE32,
    4269        Type.DATETIME,
    4270        Type.DATETIME64,
    4271        Type.TIME,
    4272        Type.TIMESTAMP,
    4273        Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
    4274        Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    4275        Type.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    4276        Type.TIMESTAMP_MS,
    4277        Type.TIMESTAMP_NS,
    4278        Type.TIMESTAMP_S,
    4279        Type.TIMETZ,
    4280    }
    4281
    4282    @classmethod
    4283    def build(
    4284        cls,
    4285        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4286        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4287        udt: bool = False,
    4288        copy: bool = True,
    4289        **kwargs,
    4290    ) -> DataType:
    4291        """
    4292        Constructs a DataType object.
    4293
    4294        Args:
    4295            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4296            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4297            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4298                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4299            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4300            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4301
    4302        Returns:
    4303            The constructed DataType object.
    4304        """
    4305        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4306
    4307        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4308            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4309                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4310
    4311            try:
    4312                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4313                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4314                )
    4315            except ParseError:
    4316                if udt:
    4317                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4318                raise
    4319        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4320            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4321        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4322            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4323        else:
    4324            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4325
    4326        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})
    4327
    4328    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE, check_nullable: bool = False) -> bool:
    4329        """
    4330        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4331        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4332
    4333        Args:
    4334            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4335            check_nullable: whether to take the NULLABLE type constructor into account for the comparison.
    4336                If false, it means that NULLABLE<INT> is equivalent to INT.
    4337
    4338        Returns:
    4339            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4340        """
    4341        self_is_nullable = self.args.get("nullable")
    4342        for dtype in dtypes:
    4343            other_type = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4344            other_is_nullable = other_type.args.get("nullable")
    4345            if (
    4346                other_type.expressions
    4347                or (check_nullable and (self_is_nullable or other_is_nullable))
    4348                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4349                or other_type.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4350            ):
    4351                matches = self == other_type
    4352            else:
    4353                matches = self.this == other_type.this
    4354
    4355            if matches:
    4356                return True
    4357        return False
    4358
    4359
    4360DATA_TYPE = t.Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]
    4361
    4362
    4363# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/datatype-pseudo.html
    4364class PseudoType(DataType):
    4365    arg_types = {"this": True}
    4366
    4367
    4368# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/datatype-oid.html
    4369class ObjectIdentifier(DataType):
    4370    arg_types = {"this": True}
    4371
    4372
    4373# WHERE x <OP> EXISTS|ALL|ANY|SOME(SELECT ...)
    4374class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate):
    4375    pass
    4376
    4377
    4378class All(SubqueryPredicate):
    4379    pass
    4380
    4381
    4382class Any(SubqueryPredicate):
    4383    pass
    4384
    4385
    4386class Exists(SubqueryPredicate):
    4387    pass
    4388
    4389
    4390# Commands to interact with the databases or engines. For most of the command
    4391# expressions we parse whatever comes after the command's name as a string.
    4392class Command(Expression):
    4393    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4394
    4395
    4396class Transaction(Expression):
    4397    arg_types = {"this": False, "modes": False, "mark": False}
    4398
    4399
    4400class Commit(Expression):
    4401    arg_types = {"chain": False, "this": False, "durability": False}
    4402
    4403
    4404class Rollback(Expression):
    4405    arg_types = {"savepoint": False, "this": False}
    4406
    4407
    4408class Alter(Expression):
    4409    arg_types = {
    4410        "this": True,
    4411        "kind": True,
    4412        "actions": True,
    4413        "exists": False,
    4414        "only": False,
    4415        "options": False,
    4416        "cluster": False,
    4417        "not_valid": False,
    4418    }
    4419
    4420    @property
    4421    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    4422        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    4423        return kind and kind.upper()
    4424
    4425    @property
    4426    def actions(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4427        return self.args.get("actions") or []
    4428
    4429
    4430class AddConstraint(Expression):
    4431    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    4432
    4433
    4434class DropPartition(Expression):
    4435    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "exists": False}
    4436
    4437
    4438# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition#replace-partition
    4439class ReplacePartition(Expression):
    4440    arg_types = {"expression": True, "source": True}
    4441
    4442
    4443# Binary expressions like (ADD a b)
    4444class Binary(Condition):
    4445    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4446
    4447    @property
    4448    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4449        return self.this
    4450
    4451    @property
    4452    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4453        return self.expression
    4454
    4455
    4456class Add(Binary):
    4457    pass
    4458
    4459
    4460class Connector(Binary):
    4461    pass
    4462
    4463
    4464class And(Connector):
    4465    pass
    4466
    4467
    4468class Or(Connector):
    4469    pass
    4470
    4471
    4472class BitwiseAnd(Binary):
    4473    pass
    4474
    4475
    4476class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary):
    4477    pass
    4478
    4479
    4480class BitwiseOr(Binary):
    4481    pass
    4482
    4483
    4484class BitwiseRightShift(Binary):
    4485    pass
    4486
    4487
    4488class BitwiseXor(Binary):
    4489    pass
    4490
    4491
    4492class Div(Binary):
    4493    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "typed": False, "safe": False}
    4494
    4495
    4496class Overlaps(Binary):
    4497    pass
    4498
    4499
    4500class Dot(Binary):
    4501    @property
    4502    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4503        return self.expression.is_star
    4504
    4505    @property
    4506    def name(self) -> str:
    4507        return self.expression.name
    4508
    4509    @property
    4510    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4511        return self.name
    4512
    4513    @classmethod
    4514    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4515        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4516        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4517            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4518
    4519        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))
    4520
    4521    @property
    4522    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4523        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4524        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4525
    4526        parts.reverse()
    4527
    4528        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4529            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4530
    4531            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4532                parts.append(part)
    4533
    4534        parts.reverse()
    4535        return parts
    4536
    4537
    4538class DPipe(Binary):
    4539    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "safe": False}
    4540
    4541
    4542class EQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4543    pass
    4544
    4545
    4546class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4547    pass
    4548
    4549
    4550class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4551    pass
    4552
    4553
    4554# Represents e.g. := in DuckDB which is mostly used for setting parameters
    4555class PropertyEQ(Binary):
    4556    pass
    4557
    4558
    4559class Distance(Binary):
    4560    pass
    4561
    4562
    4563class Escape(Binary):
    4564    pass
    4565
    4566
    4567class Glob(Binary, Predicate):
    4568    pass
    4569
    4570
    4571class GT(Binary, Predicate):
    4572    pass
    4573
    4574
    4575class GTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4576    pass
    4577
    4578
    4579class ILike(Binary, Predicate):
    4580    pass
    4581
    4582
    4583class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4584    pass
    4585
    4586
    4587class IntDiv(Binary):
    4588    pass
    4589
    4590
    4591class Is(Binary, Predicate):
    4592    pass
    4593
    4594
    4595class Kwarg(Binary):
    4596    """Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y)."""
    4597
    4598
    4599class Like(Binary, Predicate):
    4600    pass
    4601
    4602
    4603class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4604    pass
    4605
    4606
    4607class LT(Binary, Predicate):
    4608    pass
    4609
    4610
    4611class LTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4612    pass
    4613
    4614
    4615class Mod(Binary):
    4616    pass
    4617
    4618
    4619class Mul(Binary):
    4620    pass
    4621
    4622
    4623class NEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4624    pass
    4625
    4626
    4627# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH
    4628class Operator(Binary):
    4629    arg_types = {"this": True, "operator": True, "expression": True}
    4630
    4631
    4632class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate):
    4633    pass
    4634
    4635
    4636class Slice(Binary):
    4637    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False}
    4638
    4639
    4640class Sub(Binary):
    4641    pass
    4642
    4643
    4644# Unary Expressions
    4645# (NOT a)
    4646class Unary(Condition):
    4647    pass
    4648
    4649
    4650class BitwiseNot(Unary):
    4651    pass
    4652
    4653
    4654class Not(Unary):
    4655    pass
    4656
    4657
    4658class Paren(Unary):
    4659    @property
    4660    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4661        return self.this.name
    4662
    4663
    4664class Neg(Unary):
    4665    def to_py(self) -> int | Decimal:
    4666        if self.is_number:
    4667            return self.this.to_py() * -1
    4668        return super().to_py()
    4669
    4670
    4671class Alias(Expression):
    4672    arg_types = {"this": True, "alias": False}
    4673
    4674    @property
    4675    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4676        return self.alias
    4677
    4678
    4679# BigQuery requires the UNPIVOT column list aliases to be either strings or ints, but
    4680# other dialects require identifiers. This enables us to transpile between them easily.
    4681class PivotAlias(Alias):
    4682    pass
    4683
    4684
    4685# Represents Snowflake's ANY [ ORDER BY ... ] syntax
    4686# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/pivot
    4687class PivotAny(Expression):
    4688    arg_types = {"this": False}
    4689
    4690
    4691class Aliases(Expression):
    4692    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    4693
    4694    @property
    4695    def aliases(self):
    4696        return self.expressions
    4697
    4698
    4699# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/query-super.html
    4700class AtIndex(Expression):
    4701    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4702
    4703
    4704class AtTimeZone(Expression):
    4705    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}
    4706
    4707
    4708class FromTimeZone(Expression):
    4709    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}
    4710
    4711
    4712class Between(Predicate):
    4713    arg_types = {"this": True, "low": True, "high": True}
    4714
    4715
    4716class Bracket(Condition):
    4717    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/operators#array_subscript_operator
    4718    arg_types = {
    4719        "this": True,
    4720        "expressions": True,
    4721        "offset": False,
    4722        "safe": False,
    4723        "returns_list_for_maps": False,
    4724    }
    4725
    4726    @property
    4727    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4728        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4729            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4730
    4731        return super().output_name
    4732
    4733
    4734class Distinct(Expression):
    4735    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "on": False}
    4736
    4737
    4738class In(Predicate):
    4739    arg_types = {
    4740        "this": True,
    4741        "expressions": False,
    4742        "query": False,
    4743        "unnest": False,
    4744        "field": False,
    4745        "is_global": False,
    4746    }
    4747
    4748
    4749# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/procedural-language#for-in
    4750class ForIn(Expression):
    4751    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4752
    4753
    4754class TimeUnit(Expression):
    4755    """Automatically converts unit arg into a var."""
    4756
    4757    arg_types = {"unit": False}
    4758
    4759    UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {
    4760        "D": "DAY",
    4761        "H": "HOUR",
    4762        "M": "MINUTE",
    4763        "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    4764        "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    4765        "Q": "QUARTER",
    4766        "S": "SECOND",
    4767        "US": "MICROSECOND",
    4768        "W": "WEEK",
    4769        "Y": "YEAR",
    4770    }
    4771
    4772    VAR_LIKE = (Column, Literal, Var)
    4773
    4774    def __init__(self, **args):
    4775        unit = args.get("unit")
    4776        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    4777            args["unit"] = Var(
    4778                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    4779            )
    4780        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    4781            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    4782
    4783        super().__init__(**args)
    4784
    4785    @property
    4786    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    4787        return self.args.get("unit")
    4788
    4789
    4790class IntervalOp(TimeUnit):
    4791    arg_types = {"unit": False, "expression": True}
    4792
    4793    def interval(self):
    4794        return Interval(
    4795            this=self.expression.copy(),
    4796            unit=self.unit.copy() if self.unit else None,
    4797        )
    4798
    4799
    4800# https://www.oracletutorial.com/oracle-basics/oracle-interval/
    4801# https://trino.io/docs/current/language/types.html#interval-day-to-second
    4802# https://docs.databricks.com/en/sql/language-manual/data-types/interval-type.html
    4803class IntervalSpan(DataType):
    4804    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4805
    4806
    4807class Interval(TimeUnit):
    4808    arg_types = {"this": False, "unit": False}
    4809
    4810
    4811class IgnoreNulls(Expression):
    4812    pass
    4813
    4814
    4815class RespectNulls(Expression):
    4816    pass
    4817
    4818
    4819# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/aggregate-function-calls#max_min_clause
    4820class HavingMax(Expression):
    4821    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "max": True}
    4822
    4823
    4824# Functions
    4825class Func(Condition):
    4826    """
    4827    The base class for all function expressions.
    4828
    4829    Attributes:
    4830        is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be
    4831            treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
    4832        _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this
    4833            function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as
    4834            well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL
    4835            name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.
    4836    """
    4837
    4838    is_var_len_args = False
    4839
    4840    @classmethod
    4841    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    4842        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    4843            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    4844            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    4845            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    4846            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    4847
    4848            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    4849            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    4850        else:
    4851            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    4852
    4853        return cls(**args_dict)
    4854
    4855    @classmethod
    4856    def sql_names(cls):
    4857        if cls is Func:
    4858            raise NotImplementedError(
    4859                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    4860            )
    4861        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    4862            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    4863        return cls._sql_names
    4864
    4865    @classmethod
    4866    def sql_name(cls):
    4867        return cls.sql_names()[0]
    4868
    4869    @classmethod
    4870    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    4871        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}
    4872
    4873
    4874class AggFunc(Func):
    4875    pass
    4876
    4877
    4878class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc):
    4879    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True}
    4880
    4881
    4882class Abs(Func):
    4883    pass
    4884
    4885
    4886class ArgMax(AggFunc):
    4887    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    4888    _sql_names = ["ARG_MAX", "ARGMAX", "MAX_BY"]
    4889
    4890
    4891class ArgMin(AggFunc):
    4892    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    4893    _sql_names = ["ARG_MIN", "ARGMIN", "MIN_BY"]
    4894
    4895
    4896class ApproxTopK(AggFunc):
    4897    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "counters": False}
    4898
    4899
    4900class Flatten(Func):
    4901    pass
    4902
    4903
    4904# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/index.html#transform
    4905class Transform(Func):
    4906    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4907
    4908
    4909class Anonymous(Func):
    4910    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4911    is_var_len_args = True
    4912
    4913    @property
    4914    def name(self) -> str:
    4915        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name
    4916
    4917
    4918class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc):
    4919    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4920    is_var_len_args = True
    4921
    4922
    4923# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/combinators
    4924class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc):
    4925    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "parts": True}
    4926
    4927
    4928class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg):
    4929    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True, "parts": True}
    4930
    4931
    4932# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/hll
    4933# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_HLL_function.html
    4934class Hll(AggFunc):
    4935    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4936    is_var_len_args = True
    4937
    4938
    4939class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc):
    4940    arg_types = {"this": True, "accuracy": False}
    4941    _sql_names = ["APPROX_DISTINCT", "APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"]
    4942
    4943
    4944class Apply(Func):
    4945    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4946
    4947
    4948class Array(Func):
    4949    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "bracket_notation": False}
    4950    is_var_len_args = True
    4951
    4952
    4953# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_array
    4954class ToArray(Func):
    4955    pass
    4956
    4957
    4958# https://materialize.com/docs/sql/types/list/
    4959class List(Func):
    4960    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    4961    is_var_len_args = True
    4962
    4963
    4964# String pad, kind True -> LPAD, False -> RPAD
    4965class Pad(Func):
    4966    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "fill_pattern": False, "is_left": True}
    4967
    4968
    4969# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_char
    4970# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/TO_CHAR-number.html
    4971class ToChar(Func):
    4972    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "nlsparam": False}
    4973
    4974
    4975# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_decimal
    4976# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/TO_NUMBER.html
    4977class ToNumber(Func):
    4978    arg_types = {
    4979        "this": True,
    4980        "format": False,
    4981        "nlsparam": False,
    4982        "precision": False,
    4983        "scale": False,
    4984    }
    4985
    4986
    4987# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/cast-and-convert-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
    4988class Convert(Func):
    4989    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "style": False}
    4990
    4991
    4992class ConvertTimezone(Func):
    4993    arg_types = {"source_tz": False, "target_tz": True, "timestamp": True}
    4994
    4995
    4996class GenerateSeries(Func):
    4997    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False, "is_end_exclusive": False}
    4998
    4999
    5000# Postgres' GENERATE_SERIES function returns a row set, i.e. it implicitly explodes when it's
    5001# used in a projection, so this expression is a helper that facilitates transpilation to other
    5002# dialects. For example, we'd generate UNNEST(GENERATE_SERIES(...)) in DuckDB
    5003class ExplodingGenerateSeries(GenerateSeries):
    5004    pass
    5005
    5006
    5007class ArrayAgg(AggFunc):
    5008    arg_types = {"this": True, "nulls_excluded": False}
    5009
    5010
    5011class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc):
    5012    pass
    5013
    5014
    5015class ArrayAll(Func):
    5016    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5017
    5018
    5019# Represents Python's `any(f(x) for x in array)`, where `array` is `this` and `f` is `expression`
    5020class ArrayAny(Func):
    5021    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5022
    5023
    5024class ArrayConcat(Func):
    5025    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONCAT", "ARRAY_CAT"]
    5026    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5027    is_var_len_args = True
    5028
    5029
    5030class ArrayConstructCompact(Func):
    5031    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5032    is_var_len_args = True
    5033
    5034
    5035class ArrayContains(Binary, Func):
    5036    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS", "ARRAY_HAS"]
    5037
    5038
    5039class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func):
    5040    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL", "ARRAY_HAS_ALL"]
    5041
    5042
    5043class ArrayFilter(Func):
    5044    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5045    _sql_names = ["FILTER", "ARRAY_FILTER"]
    5046
    5047
    5048class ArrayToString(Func):
    5049    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    5050    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_TO_STRING", "ARRAY_JOIN"]
    5051
    5052
    5053class StringToArray(Func):
    5054    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    5055    _sql_names = ["STRING_TO_ARRAY", "SPLIT_BY_STRING"]
    5056
    5057
    5058class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func):
    5059    pass
    5060
    5061
    5062class ArraySize(Func):
    5063    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5064    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_SIZE", "ARRAY_LENGTH"]
    5065
    5066
    5067class ArraySort(Func):
    5068    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5069
    5070
    5071class ArraySum(Func):
    5072    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5073
    5074
    5075class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc):
    5076    pass
    5077
    5078
    5079class Avg(AggFunc):
    5080    pass
    5081
    5082
    5083class AnyValue(AggFunc):
    5084    pass
    5085
    5086
    5087class Lag(AggFunc):
    5088    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}
    5089
    5090
    5091class Lead(AggFunc):
    5092    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}
    5093
    5094
    5095# some dialects have a distinction between first and first_value, usually first is an aggregate func
    5096# and first_value is a window func
    5097class First(AggFunc):
    5098    pass
    5099
    5100
    5101class Last(AggFunc):
    5102    pass
    5103
    5104
    5105class FirstValue(AggFunc):
    5106    pass
    5107
    5108
    5109class LastValue(AggFunc):
    5110    pass
    5111
    5112
    5113class NthValue(AggFunc):
    5114    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": True}
    5115
    5116
    5117class Case(Func):
    5118    arg_types = {"this": False, "ifs": True, "default": False}
    5119
    5120    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5121        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5122        instance.append(
    5123            "ifs",
    5124            If(
    5125                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    5126                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    5127            ),
    5128        )
    5129        return instance
    5130
    5131    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5132        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5133        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    5134        return instance
    5135
    5136
    5137class Cast(Func):
    5138    arg_types = {
    5139        "this": True,
    5140        "to": True,
    5141        "format": False,
    5142        "safe": False,
    5143        "action": False,
    5144    }
    5145
    5146    @property
    5147    def name(self) -> str:
    5148        return self.this.name
    5149
    5150    @property
    5151    def to(self) -> DataType:
    5152        return self.args["to"]
    5153
    5154    @property
    5155    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5156        return self.name
    5157
    5158    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    5159        """
    5160        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    5161        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    5162        array<int> != array<float>.
    5163
    5164        Args:
    5165            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    5166
    5167        Returns:
    5168            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    5169        """
    5170        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)
    5171
    5172
    5173class TryCast(Cast):
    5174    pass
    5175
    5176
    5177class Try(Func):
    5178    pass
    5179
    5180
    5181class CastToStrType(Func):
    5182    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True}
    5183
    5184
    5185class Collate(Binary, Func):
    5186    pass
    5187
    5188
    5189class Ceil(Func):
    5190    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    5191    _sql_names = ["CEIL", "CEILING"]
    5192
    5193
    5194class Coalesce(Func):
    5195    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "is_nvl": False}
    5196    is_var_len_args = True
    5197    _sql_names = ["COALESCE", "IFNULL", "NVL"]
    5198
    5199
    5200class Chr(Func):
    5201    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "charset": False}
    5202    is_var_len_args = True
    5203    _sql_names = ["CHR", "CHAR"]
    5204
    5205
    5206class Concat(Func):
    5207    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "safe": False, "coalesce": False}
    5208    is_var_len_args = True
    5209
    5210
    5211class ConcatWs(Concat):
    5212    _sql_names = ["CONCAT_WS"]
    5213
    5214
    5215# https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B13789_01/server.101/b10759/operators004.htm#i1035022
    5216class ConnectByRoot(Func):
    5217    pass
    5218
    5219
    5220class Count(AggFunc):
    5221    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "big_int": False}
    5222    is_var_len_args = True
    5223
    5224
    5225class CountIf(AggFunc):
    5226    _sql_names = ["COUNT_IF", "COUNTIF"]
    5227
    5228
    5229# cube root
    5230class Cbrt(Func):
    5231    pass
    5232
    5233
    5234class CurrentDate(Func):
    5235    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5236
    5237
    5238class CurrentDatetime(Func):
    5239    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5240
    5241
    5242class CurrentTime(Func):
    5243    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5244
    5245
    5246class CurrentTimestamp(Func):
    5247    arg_types = {"this": False, "sysdate": False}
    5248
    5249
    5250class CurrentUser(Func):
    5251    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5252
    5253
    5254class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5255    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5256
    5257
    5258class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5259    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5260
    5261
    5262class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5263    _sql_names = ["DATEDIFF", "DATE_DIFF"]
    5264    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5265
    5266
    5267class DateTrunc(Func):
    5268    arg_types = {"unit": True, "this": True, "zone": False}
    5269
    5270    def __init__(self, **args):
    5271        unit = args.get("unit")
    5272        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5273            args["unit"] = Literal.string(
    5274                (TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5275            )
    5276        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5277            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5278
    5279        super().__init__(**args)
    5280
    5281    @property
    5282    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5283        return self.args["unit"]
    5284
    5285
    5286# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/datetime_functions#datetime
    5287# expression can either be time_expr or time_zone
    5288class Datetime(Func):
    5289    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5290
    5291
    5292class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5293    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5294
    5295
    5296class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5297    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5298
    5299
    5300class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5301    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5302
    5303
    5304class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5305    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5306
    5307
    5308class DayOfWeek(Func):
    5309    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_WEEK", "DAYOFWEEK"]
    5310
    5311
    5312# https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/functions/datepart.html#part-specifiers-only-usable-as-date-part-specifiers
    5313# ISO day of week function in duckdb is ISODOW
    5314class DayOfWeekIso(Func):
    5315    _sql_names = ["DAYOFWEEK_ISO", "ISODOW"]
    5316
    5317
    5318class DayOfMonth(Func):
    5319    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_MONTH", "DAYOFMONTH"]
    5320
    5321
    5322class DayOfYear(Func):
    5323    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_YEAR", "DAYOFYEAR"]
    5324
    5325
    5326class ToDays(Func):
    5327    pass
    5328
    5329
    5330class WeekOfYear(Func):
    5331    _sql_names = ["WEEK_OF_YEAR", "WEEKOFYEAR"]
    5332
    5333
    5334class MonthsBetween(Func):
    5335    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "roundoff": False}
    5336
    5337
    5338class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit):
    5339    _sql_names = ["LAST_DAY", "LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH"]
    5340    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": False}
    5341
    5342
    5343class Extract(Func):
    5344    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5345
    5346
    5347class Timestamp(Func):
    5348    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "with_tz": False}
    5349
    5350
    5351class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5352    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5353
    5354
    5355class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5356    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5357
    5358
    5359class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5360    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMPDIFF", "TIMESTAMP_DIFF"]
    5361    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5362
    5363
    5364class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5365    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5366
    5367
    5368class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5369    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5370
    5371
    5372class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5373    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5374
    5375
    5376class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5377    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5378
    5379
    5380class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5381    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5382
    5383
    5384class DateFromParts(Func):
    5385    _sql_names = ["DATE_FROM_PARTS", "DATEFROMPARTS"]
    5386    arg_types = {"year": True, "month": True, "day": True}
    5387
    5388
    5389class TimeFromParts(Func):
    5390    _sql_names = ["TIME_FROM_PARTS", "TIMEFROMPARTS"]
    5391    arg_types = {
    5392        "hour": True,
    5393        "min": True,
    5394        "sec": True,
    5395        "nano": False,
    5396        "fractions": False,
    5397        "precision": False,
    5398    }
    5399
    5400
    5401class DateStrToDate(Func):
    5402    pass
    5403
    5404
    5405class DateToDateStr(Func):
    5406    pass
    5407
    5408
    5409class DateToDi(Func):
    5410    pass
    5411
    5412
    5413# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/date_functions#date
    5414class Date(Func):
    5415    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "expressions": False}
    5416    is_var_len_args = True
    5417
    5418
    5419class Day(Func):
    5420    pass
    5421
    5422
    5423class Decode(Func):
    5424    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True, "replace": False}
    5425
    5426
    5427class DiToDate(Func):
    5428    pass
    5429
    5430
    5431class Encode(Func):
    5432    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True}
    5433
    5434
    5435class Exp(Func):
    5436    pass
    5437
    5438
    5439# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/flatten
    5440class Explode(Func):
    5441    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5442    is_var_len_args = True
    5443
    5444
    5445# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/#inline
    5446class Inline(Func):
    5447    pass
    5448
    5449
    5450class ExplodeOuter(Explode):
    5451    pass
    5452
    5453
    5454class Posexplode(Explode):
    5455    pass
    5456
    5457
    5458class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter):
    5459    pass
    5460
    5461
    5462class Unnest(Func, UDTF):
    5463    arg_types = {
    5464        "expressions": True,
    5465        "alias": False,
    5466        "offset": False,
    5467        "explode_array": False,
    5468    }
    5469
    5470    @property
    5471    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5472        columns = super().selects
    5473        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    5474        if offset:
    5475            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    5476        return columns
    5477
    5478
    5479class Floor(Func):
    5480    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    5481
    5482
    5483class FromBase64(Func):
    5484    pass
    5485
    5486
    5487class ToBase64(Func):
    5488    pass
    5489
    5490
    5491# https://trino.io/docs/current/functions/datetime.html#from_iso8601_timestamp
    5492class FromISO8601Timestamp(Func):
    5493    _sql_names = ["FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP"]
    5494
    5495
    5496class GapFill(Func):
    5497    arg_types = {
    5498        "this": True,
    5499        "ts_column": True,
    5500        "bucket_width": True,
    5501        "partitioning_columns": False,
    5502        "value_columns": False,
    5503        "origin": False,
    5504        "ignore_nulls": False,
    5505    }
    5506
    5507
    5508# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/array_functions#generate_date_array
    5509class GenerateDateArray(Func):
    5510    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False}
    5511
    5512
    5513# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/array_functions#generate_timestamp_array
    5514class GenerateTimestampArray(Func):
    5515    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": True}
    5516
    5517
    5518class Greatest(Func):
    5519    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5520    is_var_len_args = True
    5521
    5522
    5523class GroupConcat(AggFunc):
    5524    arg_types = {"this": True, "separator": False}
    5525
    5526
    5527class Hex(Func):
    5528    pass
    5529
    5530
    5531class LowerHex(Hex):
    5532    pass
    5533
    5534
    5535class Xor(Connector, Func):
    5536    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False, "expressions": False}
    5537
    5538
    5539class If(Func):
    5540    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    5541    _sql_names = ["IF", "IIF"]
    5542
    5543
    5544class Nullif(Func):
    5545    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5546
    5547
    5548class Initcap(Func):
    5549    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5550
    5551
    5552class IsNan(Func):
    5553    _sql_names = ["IS_NAN", "ISNAN"]
    5554
    5555
    5556class IsInf(Func):
    5557    _sql_names = ["IS_INF", "ISINF"]
    5558
    5559
    5560# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-json.html
    5561class JSON(Expression):
    5562    arg_types = {"this": False, "with": False, "unique": False}
    5563
    5564
    5565class JSONPath(Expression):
    5566    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "escape": False}
    5567
    5568    @property
    5569    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5570        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5571        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""
    5572
    5573
    5574class JSONPathPart(Expression):
    5575    arg_types = {}
    5576
    5577
    5578class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart):
    5579    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5580
    5581
    5582class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart):
    5583    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5584
    5585
    5586class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart):
    5587    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5588
    5589
    5590class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart):
    5591    pass
    5592
    5593
    5594class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart):
    5595    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5596
    5597
    5598class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart):
    5599    arg_types = {"start": False, "end": False, "step": False}
    5600
    5601
    5602class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart):
    5603    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5604
    5605
    5606class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart):
    5607    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5608
    5609
    5610class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart):
    5611    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5612
    5613
    5614class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart):
    5615    pass
    5616
    5617
    5618class FormatJson(Expression):
    5619    pass
    5620
    5621
    5622class JSONKeyValue(Expression):
    5623    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5624
    5625
    5626class JSONObject(Func):
    5627    arg_types = {
    5628        "expressions": False,
    5629        "null_handling": False,
    5630        "unique_keys": False,
    5631        "return_type": False,
    5632        "encoding": False,
    5633    }
    5634
    5635
    5636class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc):
    5637    arg_types = {
    5638        "expressions": False,
    5639        "null_handling": False,
    5640        "unique_keys": False,
    5641        "return_type": False,
    5642        "encoding": False,
    5643    }
    5644
    5645
    5646# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_ARRAY.html
    5647class JSONArray(Func):
    5648    arg_types = {
    5649        "expressions": True,
    5650        "null_handling": False,
    5651        "return_type": False,
    5652        "strict": False,
    5653    }
    5654
    5655
    5656# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_ARRAYAGG.html
    5657class JSONArrayAgg(Func):
    5658    arg_types = {
    5659        "this": True,
    5660        "order": False,
    5661        "null_handling": False,
    5662        "return_type": False,
    5663        "strict": False,
    5664    }
    5665
    5666
    5667class JSONExists(Func):
    5668    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": True, "passing": False, "on_condition": False}
    5669
    5670
    5671# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_TABLE.html
    5672# Note: parsing of JSON column definitions is currently incomplete.
    5673class JSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5674    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False, "path": False, "nested_schema": False}
    5675
    5676
    5677class JSONSchema(Expression):
    5678    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5679
    5680
    5681# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-value
    5682class JSONValue(Expression):
    5683    arg_types = {
    5684        "this": True,
    5685        "path": True,
    5686        "returning": False,
    5687        "on_condition": False,
    5688    }
    5689
    5690
    5691# # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_TABLE.html
    5692class JSONTable(Func):
    5693    arg_types = {
    5694        "this": True,
    5695        "schema": True,
    5696        "path": False,
    5697        "error_handling": False,
    5698        "empty_handling": False,
    5699    }
    5700
    5701
    5702# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_insert
    5703class ObjectInsert(Func):
    5704    arg_types = {
    5705        "this": True,
    5706        "key": True,
    5707        "value": True,
    5708        "update_flag": False,
    5709    }
    5710
    5711
    5712class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5713    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "path": False, "as_json": False}
    5714
    5715
    5716class OpenJSON(Func):
    5717    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": False, "expressions": False}
    5718
    5719
    5720class JSONBContains(Binary, Func):
    5721    _sql_names = ["JSONB_CONTAINS"]
    5722
    5723
    5724class JSONExtract(Binary, Func):
    5725    arg_types = {
    5726        "this": True,
    5727        "expression": True,
    5728        "only_json_types": False,
    5729        "expressions": False,
    5730        "variant_extract": False,
    5731    }
    5732    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT"]
    5733    is_var_len_args = True
    5734
    5735    @property
    5736    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5737        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""
    5738
    5739
    5740class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    5741    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "only_json_types": False, "expressions": False}
    5742    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    5743    is_var_len_args = True
    5744
    5745    @property
    5746    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5747        return self.expression.output_name
    5748
    5749
    5750class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func):
    5751    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT"]
    5752
    5753
    5754class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    5755    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    5756
    5757
    5758class JSONFormat(Func):
    5759    arg_types = {"this": False, "options": False}
    5760    _sql_names = ["JSON_FORMAT"]
    5761
    5762
    5763# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#operator_member-of
    5764class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func):
    5765    _sql_names = ["JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS"]
    5766
    5767
    5768class ParseJSON(Func):
    5769    # BigQuery, Snowflake have PARSE_JSON, Presto has JSON_PARSE
    5770    # Snowflake also has TRY_PARSE_JSON, which is represented using `safe`
    5771    _sql_names = ["PARSE_JSON", "JSON_PARSE"]
    5772    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "safe": False}
    5773
    5774
    5775class Least(Func):
    5776    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5777    is_var_len_args = True
    5778
    5779
    5780class Left(Func):
    5781    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5782
    5783
    5784class Right(Func):
    5785    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5786
    5787
    5788class Length(Func):
    5789    arg_types = {"this": True, "binary": False}
    5790    _sql_names = ["LENGTH", "LEN"]
    5791
    5792
    5793class Levenshtein(Func):
    5794    arg_types = {
    5795        "this": True,
    5796        "expression": False,
    5797        "ins_cost": False,
    5798        "del_cost": False,
    5799        "sub_cost": False,
    5800    }
    5801
    5802
    5803class Ln(Func):
    5804    pass
    5805
    5806
    5807class Log(Func):
    5808    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5809
    5810
    5811class LogicalOr(AggFunc):
    5812    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_OR", "BOOL_OR", "BOOLOR_AGG"]
    5813
    5814
    5815class LogicalAnd(AggFunc):
    5816    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_AND", "BOOL_AND", "BOOLAND_AGG"]
    5817
    5818
    5819class Lower(Func):
    5820    _sql_names = ["LOWER", "LCASE"]
    5821
    5822
    5823class Map(Func):
    5824    arg_types = {"keys": False, "values": False}
    5825
    5826    @property
    5827    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5828        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    5829        return keys.expressions if keys else []
    5830
    5831    @property
    5832    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5833        values = self.args.get("values")
    5834        return values.expressions if values else []
    5835
    5836
    5837# Represents the MAP {...} syntax in DuckDB - basically convert a struct to a MAP
    5838class ToMap(Func):
    5839    pass
    5840
    5841
    5842class MapFromEntries(Func):
    5843    pass
    5844
    5845
    5846# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/scope-resolution-operator-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    5847class ScopeResolution(Expression):
    5848    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True}
    5849
    5850
    5851class Stream(Expression):
    5852    pass
    5853
    5854
    5855class StarMap(Func):
    5856    pass
    5857
    5858
    5859class VarMap(Func):
    5860    arg_types = {"keys": True, "values": True}
    5861    is_var_len_args = True
    5862
    5863    @property
    5864    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5865        return self.args["keys"].expressions
    5866
    5867    @property
    5868    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5869        return self.args["values"].expressions
    5870
    5871
    5872# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/fulltext-search.html
    5873class MatchAgainst(Func):
    5874    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "modifier": False}
    5875
    5876
    5877class Max(AggFunc):
    5878    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5879    is_var_len_args = True
    5880
    5881
    5882class MD5(Func):
    5883    _sql_names = ["MD5"]
    5884
    5885
    5886# Represents the variant of the MD5 function that returns a binary value
    5887class MD5Digest(Func):
    5888    _sql_names = ["MD5_DIGEST"]
    5889
    5890
    5891class Min(AggFunc):
    5892    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5893    is_var_len_args = True
    5894
    5895
    5896class Month(Func):
    5897    pass
    5898
    5899
    5900class AddMonths(Func):
    5901    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5902
    5903
    5904class Nvl2(Func):
    5905    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    5906
    5907
    5908class Normalize(Func):
    5909    arg_types = {"this": True, "form": False}
    5910
    5911
    5912# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/bigqueryml-syntax-predict#mlpredict_function
    5913class Predict(Func):
    5914    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "params_struct": False}
    5915
    5916
    5917class Pow(Binary, Func):
    5918    _sql_names = ["POWER", "POW"]
    5919
    5920
    5921class PercentileCont(AggFunc):
    5922    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5923
    5924
    5925class PercentileDisc(AggFunc):
    5926    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5927
    5928
    5929class Quantile(AggFunc):
    5930    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True}
    5931
    5932
    5933class ApproxQuantile(Quantile):
    5934    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True, "accuracy": False, "weight": False}
    5935
    5936
    5937class Quarter(Func):
    5938    pass
    5939
    5940
    5941# https://docs.teradata.com/r/Enterprise_IntelliFlex_VMware/SQL-Functions-Expressions-and-Predicates/Arithmetic-Trigonometric-Hyperbolic-Operators/Functions/RANDOM/RANDOM-Function-Syntax
    5942# teradata lower and upper bounds
    5943class Rand(Func):
    5944    _sql_names = ["RAND", "RANDOM"]
    5945    arg_types = {"this": False, "lower": False, "upper": False}
    5946
    5947
    5948class Randn(Func):
    5949    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5950
    5951
    5952class RangeN(Func):
    5953    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "each": False}
    5954
    5955
    5956class ReadCSV(Func):
    5957    _sql_names = ["READ_CSV"]
    5958    is_var_len_args = True
    5959    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5960
    5961
    5962class Reduce(Func):
    5963    arg_types = {"this": True, "initial": True, "merge": True, "finish": False}
    5964
    5965
    5966class RegexpExtract(Func):
    5967    arg_types = {
    5968        "this": True,
    5969        "expression": True,
    5970        "position": False,
    5971        "occurrence": False,
    5972        "parameters": False,
    5973        "group": False,
    5974    }
    5975
    5976
    5977class RegexpReplace(Func):
    5978    arg_types = {
    5979        "this": True,
    5980        "expression": True,
    5981        "replacement": False,
    5982        "position": False,
    5983        "occurrence": False,
    5984        "modifiers": False,
    5985    }
    5986
    5987
    5988class RegexpLike(Binary, Func):
    5989    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}
    5990
    5991
    5992class RegexpILike(Binary, Func):
    5993    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}
    5994
    5995
    5996# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/python/reference/pyspark.sql/api/pyspark.sql.functions.split.html
    5997# limit is the number of times a pattern is applied
    5998class RegexpSplit(Func):
    5999    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}
    6000
    6001
    6002class Repeat(Func):
    6003    arg_types = {"this": True, "times": True}
    6004
    6005
    6006# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/round-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    6007# tsql third argument function == trunctaion if not 0
    6008class Round(Func):
    6009    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False, "truncate": False}
    6010
    6011
    6012class RowNumber(Func):
    6013    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    6014
    6015
    6016class SafeDivide(Func):
    6017    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6018
    6019
    6020class SHA(Func):
    6021    _sql_names = ["SHA", "SHA1"]
    6022
    6023
    6024class SHA2(Func):
    6025    _sql_names = ["SHA2"]
    6026    arg_types = {"this": True, "length": False}
    6027
    6028
    6029class Sign(Func):
    6030    _sql_names = ["SIGN", "SIGNUM"]
    6031
    6032
    6033class SortArray(Func):
    6034    arg_types = {"this": True, "asc": False}
    6035
    6036
    6037class Split(Func):
    6038    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}
    6039
    6040
    6041# Start may be omitted in the case of postgres
    6042# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/functions-string.html @ Table 9-6
    6043class Substring(Func):
    6044    _sql_names = ["SUBSTRING", "SUBSTR"]
    6045    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": False, "length": False}
    6046
    6047
    6048class StandardHash(Func):
    6049    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    6050
    6051
    6052class StartsWith(Func):
    6053    _sql_names = ["STARTS_WITH", "STARTSWITH"]
    6054    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6055
    6056
    6057class StrPosition(Func):
    6058    arg_types = {
    6059        "this": True,
    6060        "substr": True,
    6061        "position": False,
    6062        "instance": False,
    6063    }
    6064
    6065
    6066class StrToDate(Func):
    6067    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}
    6068
    6069
    6070class StrToTime(Func):
    6071    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "zone": False, "safe": False}
    6072
    6073
    6074# Spark allows unix_timestamp()
    6075# https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.1.3/api/python/reference/api/pyspark.sql.functions.unix_timestamp.html
    6076class StrToUnix(Func):
    6077    arg_types = {"this": False, "format": False}
    6078
    6079
    6080# https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/string.html
    6081# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/index.html#str_to_map
    6082class StrToMap(Func):
    6083    arg_types = {
    6084        "this": True,
    6085        "pair_delim": False,
    6086        "key_value_delim": False,
    6087        "duplicate_resolution_callback": False,
    6088    }
    6089
    6090
    6091class NumberToStr(Func):
    6092    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False}
    6093
    6094
    6095class FromBase(Func):
    6096    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6097
    6098
    6099class Struct(Func):
    6100    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    6101    is_var_len_args = True
    6102
    6103
    6104class StructExtract(Func):
    6105    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6106
    6107
    6108# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/stuff-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    6109# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/insert
    6110class Stuff(Func):
    6111    _sql_names = ["STUFF", "INSERT"]
    6112    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": True, "length": True, "expression": True}
    6113
    6114
    6115class Sum(AggFunc):
    6116    pass
    6117
    6118
    6119class Sqrt(Func):
    6120    pass
    6121
    6122
    6123class Stddev(AggFunc):
    6124    _sql_names = ["STDDEV", "STDEV"]
    6125
    6126
    6127class StddevPop(AggFunc):
    6128    pass
    6129
    6130
    6131class StddevSamp(AggFunc):
    6132    pass
    6133
    6134
    6135# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/time_functions#time
    6136class Time(Func):
    6137    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False}
    6138
    6139
    6140class TimeToStr(Func):
    6141    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False, "zone": False}
    6142
    6143
    6144class TimeToTimeStr(Func):
    6145    pass
    6146
    6147
    6148class TimeToUnix(Func):
    6149    pass
    6150
    6151
    6152class TimeStrToDate(Func):
    6153    pass
    6154
    6155
    6156class TimeStrToTime(Func):
    6157    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": False}
    6158
    6159
    6160class TimeStrToUnix(Func):
    6161    pass
    6162
    6163
    6164class Trim(Func):
    6165    arg_types = {
    6166        "this": True,
    6167        "expression": False,
    6168        "position": False,
    6169        "collation": False,
    6170    }
    6171
    6172
    6173class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    6174    # return_type is used to correctly cast the arguments of this expression when transpiling it
    6175    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False, "return_type": False}
    6176
    6177    @property
    6178    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    6179        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)
    6180
    6181
    6182class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    6183    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    6184
    6185
    6186class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func):
    6187    pass
    6188
    6189
    6190class TsOrDsToDate(Func):
    6191    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}
    6192
    6193
    6194class TsOrDsToTime(Func):
    6195    pass
    6196
    6197
    6198class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func):
    6199    pass
    6200
    6201
    6202class TsOrDiToDi(Func):
    6203    pass
    6204
    6205
    6206class Unhex(Func):
    6207    pass
    6208
    6209
    6210# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/date_functions#unix_date
    6211class UnixDate(Func):
    6212    pass
    6213
    6214
    6215class UnixToStr(Func):
    6216    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False}
    6217
    6218
    6219# https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/datetime.html
    6220# presto has weird zone/hours/minutes
    6221class UnixToTime(Func):
    6222    arg_types = {
    6223        "this": True,
    6224        "scale": False,
    6225        "zone": False,
    6226        "hours": False,
    6227        "minutes": False,
    6228        "format": False,
    6229    }
    6230
    6231    SECONDS = Literal.number(0)
    6232    DECIS = Literal.number(1)
    6233    CENTIS = Literal.number(2)
    6234    MILLIS = Literal.number(3)
    6235    DECIMILLIS = Literal.number(4)
    6236    CENTIMILLIS = Literal.number(5)
    6237    MICROS = Literal.number(6)
    6238    DECIMICROS = Literal.number(7)
    6239    CENTIMICROS = Literal.number(8)
    6240    NANOS = Literal.number(9)
    6241
    6242
    6243class UnixToTimeStr(Func):
    6244    pass
    6245
    6246
    6247class UnpackColumns(Func):
    6248    pass
    6249
    6250
    6251class Uuid(Func):
    6252    _sql_names = ["UUID", "GEN_RANDOM_UUID", "GENERATE_UUID", "UUID_STRING"]
    6253
    6254    arg_types = {"this": False, "name": False}
    6255
    6256
    6257class TimestampFromParts(Func):
    6258    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS"]
    6259    arg_types = {
    6260        "year": True,
    6261        "month": True,
    6262        "day": True,
    6263        "hour": True,
    6264        "min": True,
    6265        "sec": True,
    6266        "nano": False,
    6267        "zone": False,
    6268        "milli": False,
    6269    }
    6270
    6271
    6272class Upper(Func):
    6273    _sql_names = ["UPPER", "UCASE"]
    6274
    6275
    6276class Corr(Binary, AggFunc):
    6277    pass
    6278
    6279
    6280class Variance(AggFunc):
    6281    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE", "VARIANCE_SAMP", "VAR_SAMP"]
    6282
    6283
    6284class VariancePop(AggFunc):
    6285    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE_POP", "VAR_POP"]
    6286
    6287
    6288class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc):
    6289    pass
    6290
    6291
    6292class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc):
    6293    pass
    6294
    6295
    6296class Week(Func):
    6297    arg_types = {"this": True, "mode": False}
    6298
    6299
    6300class XMLTable(Func):
    6301    arg_types = {"this": True, "passing": False, "columns": False, "by_ref": False}
    6302
    6303
    6304class Year(Func):
    6305    pass
    6306
    6307
    6308class Use(Expression):
    6309    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    6310
    6311
    6312class Merge(DML):
    6313    arg_types = {
    6314        "this": True,
    6315        "using": True,
    6316        "on": True,
    6317        "expressions": True,
    6318        "with": False,
    6319        "returning": False,
    6320    }
    6321
    6322
    6323class When(Func):
    6324    arg_types = {"matched": True, "source": False, "condition": False, "then": True}
    6325
    6326
    6327# https://docs.oracle.com/javadb/10.8.3.0/ref/rrefsqljnextvaluefor.html
    6328# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/next-value-for-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    6329class NextValueFor(Func):
    6330    arg_types = {"this": True, "order": False}
    6331
    6332
    6333# Refers to a trailing semi-colon. This is only used to preserve trailing comments
    6334# select 1; -- my comment
    6335class Semicolon(Expression):
    6336    arg_types = {}
    6337
    6338
    6339def _norm_arg(arg):
    6340    return arg.lower() if type(arg) is str else arg
    6341
    6342
    6343ALL_FUNCTIONS = subclasses(__name__, Func, (AggFunc, Anonymous, Func))
    6344FUNCTION_BY_NAME = {name: func for func in ALL_FUNCTIONS for name in func.sql_names()}
    6345
    6346JSON_PATH_PARTS = subclasses(__name__, JSONPathPart, (JSONPathPart,))
    6347
    6348PERCENTILES = (PercentileCont, PercentileDisc)
    6349
    6350
    6351# Helpers
    6352@t.overload
    6353def maybe_parse(
    6354    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6355    *,
    6356    into: t.Type[E],
    6357    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6358    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6359    copy: bool = False,
    6360    **opts,
    6361) -> E: ...
    6362
    6363
    6364@t.overload
    6365def maybe_parse(
    6366    sql_or_expression: str | E,
    6367    *,
    6368    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6369    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6370    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6371    copy: bool = False,
    6372    **opts,
    6373) -> E: ...
    6374
    6375
    6376def maybe_parse(
    6377    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6378    *,
    6379    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6380    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6381    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6382    copy: bool = False,
    6383    **opts,
    6384) -> Expression:
    6385    """Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.
    6386
    6387    Example:
    6388        >>> maybe_parse("1")
    6389        Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
    6390        >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
    6391        Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)
    6392
    6393    Args:
    6394        sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
    6395        into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
    6396        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6397            input expression is a SQL string).
    6398        prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed
    6399            (automatically includes a space)
    6400        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6401        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6402            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6403
    6404    Returns:
    6405        Expression: the parsed or given expression.
    6406    """
    6407    if isinstance(sql_or_expression, Expression):
    6408        if copy:
    6409            return sql_or_expression.copy()
    6410        return sql_or_expression
    6411
    6412    if sql_or_expression is None:
    6413        raise ParseError("SQL cannot be None")
    6414
    6415    import sqlglot
    6416
    6417    sql = str(sql_or_expression)
    6418    if prefix:
    6419        sql = f"{prefix} {sql}"
    6420
    6421    return sqlglot.parse_one(sql, read=dialect, into=into, **opts)
    6422
    6423
    6424@t.overload
    6425def maybe_copy(instance: None, copy: bool = True) -> None: ...
    6426
    6427
    6428@t.overload
    6429def maybe_copy(instance: E, copy: bool = True) -> E: ...
    6430
    6431
    6432def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True):
    6433    return instance.copy() if copy and instance else instance
    6434
    6435
    6436def _to_s(node: t.Any, verbose: bool = False, level: int = 0) -> str:
    6437    """Generate a textual representation of an Expression tree"""
    6438    indent = "\n" + ("  " * (level + 1))
    6439    delim = f",{indent}"
    6440
    6441    if isinstance(node, Expression):
    6442        args = {k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if (v is not None and v != []) or verbose}
    6443
    6444        if (node.type or verbose) and not isinstance(node, DataType):
    6445            args["_type"] = node.type
    6446        if node.comments or verbose:
    6447            args["_comments"] = node.comments
    6448
    6449        if verbose:
    6450            args["_id"] = id(node)
    6451
    6452        # Inline leaves for a more compact representation
    6453        if node.is_leaf():
    6454            indent = ""
    6455            delim = ", "
    6456
    6457        items = delim.join([f"{k}={_to_s(v, verbose, level + 1)}" for k, v in args.items()])
    6458        return f"{node.__class__.__name__}({indent}{items})"
    6459
    6460    if isinstance(node, list):
    6461        items = delim.join(_to_s(i, verbose, level + 1) for i in node)
    6462        items = f"{indent}{items}" if items else ""
    6463        return f"[{items}]"
    6464
    6465    # Indent multiline strings to match the current level
    6466    return indent.join(textwrap.dedent(str(node).strip("\n")).splitlines())
    6467
    6468
    6469def _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6470    return isinstance(expression, Expression) and not isinstance(expression, into)
    6471
    6472
    6473def _apply_builder(
    6474    expression,
    6475    instance,
    6476    arg,
    6477    copy=True,
    6478    prefix=None,
    6479    into=None,
    6480    dialect=None,
    6481    into_arg="this",
    6482    **opts,
    6483):
    6484    if _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6485        expression = into(**{into_arg: expression})
    6486    instance = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6487    expression = maybe_parse(
    6488        sql_or_expression=expression,
    6489        prefix=prefix,
    6490        into=into,
    6491        dialect=dialect,
    6492        **opts,
    6493    )
    6494    instance.set(arg, expression)
    6495    return instance
    6496
    6497
    6498def _apply_child_list_builder(
    6499    *expressions,
    6500    instance,
    6501    arg,
    6502    append=True,
    6503    copy=True,
    6504    prefix=None,
    6505    into=None,
    6506    dialect=None,
    6507    properties=None,
    6508    **opts,
    6509):
    6510    instance = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6511    parsed = []
    6512    properties = {} if properties is None else properties
    6513
    6514    for expression in expressions:
    6515        if expression is not None:
    6516            if _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6517                expression = into(expressions=[expression])
    6518
    6519            expression = maybe_parse(
    6520                expression,
    6521                into=into,
    6522                dialect=dialect,
    6523                prefix=prefix,
    6524                **opts,
    6525            )
    6526            for k, v in expression.args.items():
    6527                if k == "expressions":
    6528                    parsed.extend(v)
    6529                else:
    6530                    properties[k] = v
    6531
    6532    existing = instance.args.get(arg)
    6533    if append and existing:
    6534        parsed = existing.expressions + parsed
    6535
    6536    child = into(expressions=parsed)
    6537    for k, v in properties.items():
    6538        child.set(k, v)
    6539    instance.set(arg, child)
    6540
    6541    return instance
    6542
    6543
    6544def _apply_list_builder(
    6545    *expressions,
    6546    instance,
    6547    arg,
    6548    append=True,
    6549    copy=True,
    6550    prefix=None,
    6551    into=None,
    6552    dialect=None,
    6553    **opts,
    6554):
    6555    inst = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6556
    6557    expressions = [
    6558        maybe_parse(
    6559            sql_or_expression=expression,
    6560            into=into,
    6561            prefix=prefix,
    6562            dialect=dialect,
    6563            **opts,
    6564        )
    6565        for expression in expressions
    6566        if expression is not None
    6567    ]
    6568
    6569    existing_expressions = inst.args.get(arg)
    6570    if append and existing_expressions:
    6571        expressions = existing_expressions + expressions
    6572
    6573    inst.set(arg, expressions)
    6574    return inst
    6575
    6576
    6577def _apply_conjunction_builder(
    6578    *expressions,
    6579    instance,
    6580    arg,
    6581    into=None,
    6582    append=True,
    6583    copy=True,
    6584    dialect=None,
    6585    **opts,
    6586):
    6587    expressions = [exp for exp in expressions if exp is not None and exp != ""]
    6588    if not expressions:
    6589        return instance
    6590
    6591    inst = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6592
    6593    existing = inst.args.get(arg)
    6594    if append and existing is not None:
    6595        expressions = [existing.this if into else existing] + list(expressions)
    6596
    6597    node = and_(*expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6598
    6599    inst.set(arg, into(this=node) if into else node)
    6600    return inst
    6601
    6602
    6603def _apply_cte_builder(
    6604    instance: E,
    6605    alias: ExpOrStr,
    6606    as_: ExpOrStr,
    6607    recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6608    materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6609    append: bool = True,
    6610    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6611    copy: bool = True,
    6612    **opts,
    6613) -> E:
    6614    alias_expression = maybe_parse(alias, dialect=dialect, into=TableAlias, **opts)
    6615    as_expression = maybe_parse(as_, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    6616    cte = CTE(this=as_expression, alias=alias_expression, materialized=materialized)
    6617    return _apply_child_list_builder(
    6618        cte,
    6619        instance=instance,
    6620        arg="with",
    6621        append=append,
    6622        copy=copy,
    6623        into=With,
    6624        properties={"recursive": recursive or False},
    6625    )
    6626
    6627
    6628def _combine(
    6629    expressions: t.Sequence[t.Optional[ExpOrStr]],
    6630    operator: t.Type[Connector],
    6631    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6632    copy: bool = True,
    6633    **opts,
    6634) -> Expression:
    6635    conditions = [
    6636        condition(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6637        for expression in expressions
    6638        if expression is not None
    6639    ]
    6640
    6641    this, *rest = conditions
    6642    if rest:
    6643        this = _wrap(this, Connector)
    6644    for expression in rest:
    6645        this = operator(this=this, expression=_wrap(expression, Connector))
    6646
    6647    return this
    6648
    6649
    6650def _wrap(expression: E, kind: t.Type[Expression]) -> E | Paren:
    6651    return Paren(this=expression) if isinstance(expression, kind) else expression
    6652
    6653
    6654def union(
    6655    left: ExpOrStr,
    6656    right: ExpOrStr,
    6657    distinct: bool = True,
    6658    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6659    copy: bool = True,
    6660    **opts,
    6661) -> Union:
    6662    """
    6663    Initializes a syntax tree from one UNION expression.
    6664
    6665    Example:
    6666        >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6667        'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    6668
    6669    Args:
    6670        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6671            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6672        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6673            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6674        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6675        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6676        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6677        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6678
    6679    Returns:
    6680        The new Union instance.
    6681    """
    6682    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6683    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6684
    6685    return Union(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)
    6686
    6687
    6688def intersect(
    6689    left: ExpOrStr,
    6690    right: ExpOrStr,
    6691    distinct: bool = True,
    6692    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6693    copy: bool = True,
    6694    **opts,
    6695) -> Intersect:
    6696    """
    6697    Initializes a syntax tree from one INTERSECT expression.
    6698
    6699    Example:
    6700        >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6701        'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    6702
    6703    Args:
    6704        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6705            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6706        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6707            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6708        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6709        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6710        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6711        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6712
    6713    Returns:
    6714        The new Intersect instance.
    6715    """
    6716    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6717    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6718
    6719    return Intersect(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)
    6720
    6721
    6722def except_(
    6723    left: ExpOrStr,
    6724    right: ExpOrStr,
    6725    distinct: bool = True,
    6726    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6727    copy: bool = True,
    6728    **opts,
    6729) -> Except:
    6730    """
    6731    Initializes a syntax tree from one EXCEPT expression.
    6732
    6733    Example:
    6734        >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6735        'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    6736
    6737    Args:
    6738        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6739            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6740        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6741            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6742        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6743        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6744        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6745        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6746
    6747    Returns:
    6748        The new Except instance.
    6749    """
    6750    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6751    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6752
    6753    return Except(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)
    6754
    6755
    6756def select(*expressions: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    6757    """
    6758    Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.
    6759
    6760    Example:
    6761        >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
    6762        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    6763
    6764    Args:
    6765        *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a
    6766            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6767        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6768            input expression is a SQL string).
    6769        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6770            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6771
    6772    Returns:
    6773        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    6774    """
    6775    return Select().select(*expressions, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    6776
    6777
    6778def from_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    6779    """
    6780    Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.
    6781
    6782    Example:
    6783        >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
    6784        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    6785
    6786    Args:
    6787        *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a
    6788            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6789        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    6790            input expression is a SQL string).
    6791        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6792            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    6793
    6794    Returns:
    6795        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    6796    """
    6797    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    6798
    6799
    6800def update(
    6801    table: str | Table,
    6802    properties: dict,
    6803    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6804    from_: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6805    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6806    **opts,
    6807) -> Update:
    6808    """
    6809    Creates an update statement.
    6810
    6811    Example:
    6812        >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz", where="id > 1").sql()
    6813        "UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz WHERE id > 1"
    6814
    6815    Args:
    6816        *properties: dictionary of properties to set which are
    6817            auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
    6818        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    6819        from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
    6820        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6821        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6822
    6823    Returns:
    6824        Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.
    6825    """
    6826    update_expr = Update(this=maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect))
    6827    update_expr.set(
    6828        "expressions",
    6829        [
    6830            EQ(this=maybe_parse(k, dialect=dialect, **opts), expression=convert(v))
    6831            for k, v in properties.items()
    6832        ],
    6833    )
    6834    if from_:
    6835        update_expr.set(
    6836            "from",
    6837            maybe_parse(from_, into=From, dialect=dialect, prefix="FROM", **opts),
    6838        )
    6839    if isinstance(where, Condition):
    6840        where = Where(this=where)
    6841    if where:
    6842        update_expr.set(
    6843            "where",
    6844            maybe_parse(where, into=Where, dialect=dialect, prefix="WHERE", **opts),
    6845        )
    6846    return update_expr
    6847
    6848
    6849def delete(
    6850    table: ExpOrStr,
    6851    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6852    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6853    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6854    **opts,
    6855) -> Delete:
    6856    """
    6857    Builds a delete statement.
    6858
    6859    Example:
    6860        >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
    6861        'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'
    6862
    6863    Args:
    6864        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    6865        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    6866        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6867        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6868
    6869    Returns:
    6870        Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.
    6871    """
    6872    delete_expr = Delete().delete(table, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6873    if where:
    6874        delete_expr = delete_expr.where(where, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6875    if returning:
    6876        delete_expr = delete_expr.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6877    return delete_expr
    6878
    6879
    6880def insert(
    6881    expression: ExpOrStr,
    6882    into: ExpOrStr,
    6883    columns: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None,
    6884    overwrite: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6885    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6886    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6887    copy: bool = True,
    6888    **opts,
    6889) -> Insert:
    6890    """
    6891    Builds an INSERT statement.
    6892
    6893    Example:
    6894        >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
    6895        'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'
    6896
    6897    Args:
    6898        expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
    6899        into: the tbl to insert data to.
    6900        columns: optionally the table's column names.
    6901        overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
    6902        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    6903        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6904        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6905        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6906
    6907    Returns:
    6908        Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.
    6909    """
    6910    expr = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6911    this: Table | Schema = maybe_parse(into, into=Table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6912
    6913    if columns:
    6914        this = Schema(this=this, expressions=[to_identifier(c, copy=copy) for c in columns])
    6915
    6916    insert = Insert(this=this, expression=expr, overwrite=overwrite)
    6917
    6918    if returning:
    6919        insert = insert.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6920
    6921    return insert
    6922
    6923
    6924def merge(
    6925    *when_exprs: ExpOrStr,
    6926    into: ExpOrStr,
    6927    using: ExpOrStr,
    6928    on: ExpOrStr,
    6929    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6930    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6931    copy: bool = True,
    6932    **opts,
    6933) -> Merge:
    6934    """
    6935    Builds a MERGE statement.
    6936
    6937    Example:
    6938        >>> merge("WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1",
    6939        ...       "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)",
    6940        ...       into="my_table",
    6941        ...       using="source_table",
    6942        ...       on="my_table.id = source_table.id").sql()
    6943        'MERGE INTO my_table USING source_table ON my_table.id = source_table.id WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)'
    6944
    6945    Args:
    6946        *when_exprs: The WHEN clauses specifying actions for matched and unmatched rows.
    6947        into: The target table to merge data into.
    6948        using: The source table to merge data from.
    6949        on: The join condition for the merge.
    6950        returning: The columns to return from the merge.
    6951        dialect: The dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6952        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    6953        **opts: Other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6954
    6955    Returns:
    6956        Merge: The syntax tree for the MERGE statement.
    6957    """
    6958    merge = Merge(
    6959        this=maybe_parse(into, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    6960        using=maybe_parse(using, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    6961        on=maybe_parse(on, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    6962        expressions=[
    6963            maybe_parse(when_expr, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, into=When, **opts)
    6964            for when_expr in when_exprs
    6965        ],
    6966    )
    6967    if returning:
    6968        merge = merge.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6969
    6970    return merge
    6971
    6972
    6973def condition(
    6974    expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6975) -> Condition:
    6976    """
    6977    Initialize a logical condition expression.
    6978
    6979    Example:
    6980        >>> condition("x=1").sql()
    6981        'x = 1'
    6982
    6983        This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:
    6984        >>> where = condition("x=1")
    6985        >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
    6986        >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
    6987        'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'
    6988
    6989    Args:
    6990        *expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    6991            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6992        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    6993            input expression is a SQL string).
    6994        copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
    6995        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6996            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    6997
    6998    Returns:
    6999        The new Condition instance
    7000    """
    7001    return maybe_parse(
    7002        expression,
    7003        into=Condition,
    7004        dialect=dialect,
    7005        copy=copy,
    7006        **opts,
    7007    )
    7008
    7009
    7010def and_(
    7011    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    7012) -> Condition:
    7013    """
    7014    Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.
    7015
    7016    Example:
    7017        >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7018        'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'
    7019
    7020    Args:
    7021        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7022            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7023        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7024        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7025        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7026
    7027    Returns:
    7028        The new condition
    7029    """
    7030    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, And, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))
    7031
    7032
    7033def or_(
    7034    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    7035) -> Condition:
    7036    """
    7037    Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.
    7038
    7039    Example:
    7040        >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7041        'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'
    7042
    7043    Args:
    7044        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7045            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7046        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7047        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7048        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7049
    7050    Returns:
    7051        The new condition
    7052    """
    7053    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Or, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))
    7054
    7055
    7056def xor(
    7057    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    7058) -> Condition:
    7059    """
    7060    Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.
    7061
    7062    Example:
    7063        >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7064        'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'
    7065
    7066    Args:
    7067        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7068            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7069        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7070        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7071        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7072
    7073    Returns:
    7074        The new condition
    7075    """
    7076    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Xor, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))
    7077
    7078
    7079def not_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not:
    7080    """
    7081    Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.
    7082
    7083    Example:
    7084        >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
    7085        "NOT this_suit = 'black'"
    7086
    7087    Args:
    7088        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7089            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7090        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7091        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    7092        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7093
    7094    Returns:
    7095        The new condition.
    7096    """
    7097    this = condition(
    7098        expression,
    7099        dialect=dialect,
    7100        copy=copy,
    7101        **opts,
    7102    )
    7103    return Not(this=_wrap(this, Connector))
    7104
    7105
    7106def paren(expression: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True) -> Paren:
    7107    """
    7108    Wrap an expression in parentheses.
    7109
    7110    Example:
    7111        >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
    7112        '(5 + 3)'
    7113
    7114    Args:
    7115        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7116            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7117        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    7118
    7119    Returns:
    7120        The wrapped expression.
    7121    """
    7122    return Paren(this=maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy))
    7123
    7124
    7125SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE: t.Pattern[str] = re.compile(r"^[_a-zA-Z][\w]*$")
    7126
    7127
    7128@t.overload
    7129def to_identifier(name: None, quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None, copy: bool = True) -> None: ...
    7130
    7131
    7132@t.overload
    7133def to_identifier(
    7134    name: str | Identifier, quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None, copy: bool = True
    7135) -> Identifier: ...
    7136
    7137
    7138def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True):
    7139    """Builds an identifier.
    7140
    7141    Args:
    7142        name: The name to turn into an identifier.
    7143        quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
    7144        copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.
    7145
    7146    Returns:
    7147        The identifier ast node.
    7148    """
    7149
    7150    if name is None:
    7151        return None
    7152
    7153    if isinstance(name, Identifier):
    7154        identifier = maybe_copy(name, copy)
    7155    elif isinstance(name, str):
    7156        identifier = Identifier(
    7157            this=name,
    7158            quoted=not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(name) if quoted is None else quoted,
    7159        )
    7160    else:
    7161        raise ValueError(f"Name needs to be a string or an Identifier, got: {name.__class__}")
    7162    return identifier
    7163
    7164
    7165def parse_identifier(name: str | Identifier, dialect: DialectType = None) -> Identifier:
    7166    """
    7167    Parses a given string into an identifier.
    7168
    7169    Args:
    7170        name: The name to parse into an identifier.
    7171        dialect: The dialect to parse against.
    7172
    7173    Returns:
    7174        The identifier ast node.
    7175    """
    7176    try:
    7177        expression = maybe_parse(name, dialect=dialect, into=Identifier)
    7178    except (ParseError, TokenError):
    7179        expression = to_identifier(name)
    7180
    7181    return expression
    7182
    7183
    7184INTERVAL_STRING_RE = re.compile(r"\s*([0-9]+)\s*([a-zA-Z]+)\s*")
    7185
    7186
    7187def to_interval(interval: str | Literal) -> Interval:
    7188    """Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'."""
    7189    if isinstance(interval, Literal):
    7190        if not interval.is_string:
    7191            raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    7192
    7193        interval = interval.this
    7194
    7195    interval_parts = INTERVAL_STRING_RE.match(interval)  # type: ignore
    7196
    7197    if not interval_parts:
    7198        raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    7199
    7200    return Interval(
    7201        this=Literal.string(interval_parts.group(1)),
    7202        unit=Var(this=interval_parts.group(2).upper()),
    7203    )
    7204
    7205
    7206def to_table(
    7207    sql_path: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs
    7208) -> Table:
    7209    """
    7210    Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional.
    7211    If a table is passed in then that table is returned.
    7212
    7213    Args:
    7214        sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
    7215        dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
    7216        copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
    7217        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.
    7218
    7219    Returns:
    7220        A table expression.
    7221    """
    7222    if isinstance(sql_path, Table):
    7223        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    7224
    7225    table = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    7226
    7227    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    7228        table.set(k, v)
    7229
    7230    return table
    7231
    7232
    7233def to_column(
    7234    sql_path: str | Column,
    7235    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7236    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7237    copy: bool = True,
    7238    **kwargs,
    7239) -> Column:
    7240    """
    7241    Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional.
    7242    If a column is passed in then that column is returned.
    7243
    7244    Args:
    7245        sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
    7246        quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
    7247        dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
    7248        copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
    7249        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.
    7250
    7251    Returns:
    7252        A column expression.
    7253    """
    7254    if isinstance(sql_path, Column):
    7255        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    7256
    7257    try:
    7258        col = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Column, dialect=dialect)
    7259    except ParseError:
    7260        return column(*reversed(sql_path.split(".")), quoted=quoted, **kwargs)
    7261
    7262    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    7263        col.set(k, v)
    7264
    7265    if quoted:
    7266        for i in col.find_all(Identifier):
    7267            i.set("quoted", True)
    7268
    7269    return col
    7270
    7271
    7272def alias_(
    7273    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7274    alias: t.Optional[str | Identifier],
    7275    table: bool | t.Sequence[str | Identifier] = False,
    7276    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7277    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7278    copy: bool = True,
    7279    **opts,
    7280):
    7281    """Create an Alias expression.
    7282
    7283    Example:
    7284        >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
    7285        'foo AS bar'
    7286
    7287        >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
    7288        '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'
    7289
    7290    Args:
    7291        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7292            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7293        alias: the alias name to use. If the name has
    7294            special characters it is quoted.
    7295        table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
    7296        quoted: whether to quote the alias
    7297        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7298        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    7299        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7300
    7301    Returns:
    7302        Alias: the aliased expression
    7303    """
    7304    exp = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7305    alias = to_identifier(alias, quoted=quoted)
    7306
    7307    if table:
    7308        table_alias = TableAlias(this=alias)
    7309        exp.set("alias", table_alias)
    7310
    7311        if not isinstance(table, bool):
    7312            for column in table:
    7313                table_alias.append("columns", to_identifier(column, quoted=quoted))
    7314
    7315        return exp
    7316
    7317    # We don't set the "alias" arg for Window expressions, because that would add an IDENTIFIER node in
    7318    # the AST, representing a "named_window" [1] construct (eg. bigquery). What we want is an ALIAS node
    7319    # for the complete Window expression.
    7320    #
    7321    # [1]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/window-function-calls
    7322
    7323    if "alias" in exp.arg_types and not isinstance(exp, Window):
    7324        exp.set("alias", alias)
    7325        return exp
    7326    return Alias(this=exp, alias=alias)
    7327
    7328
    7329def subquery(
    7330    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7331    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7332    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7333    **opts,
    7334) -> Select:
    7335    """
    7336    Build a subquery expression that's selected from.
    7337
    7338    Example:
    7339        >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
    7340        'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'
    7341
    7342    Args:
    7343        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7344            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7345        alias: the alias name to use.
    7346        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7347        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7348
    7349    Returns:
    7350        A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.
    7351    """
    7352
    7353    expression = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts).subquery(alias, **opts)
    7354    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7355
    7356
    7357@t.overload
    7358def column(
    7359    col: str | Identifier,
    7360    table: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7361    db: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7362    catalog: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7363    *,
    7364    fields: t.Collection[t.Union[str, Identifier]],
    7365    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7366    copy: bool = True,
    7367) -> Dot:
    7368    pass
    7369
    7370
    7371@t.overload
    7372def column(
    7373    col: str | Identifier,
    7374    table: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7375    db: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7376    catalog: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7377    *,
    7378    fields: Lit[None] = None,
    7379    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7380    copy: bool = True,
    7381) -> Column:
    7382    pass
    7383
    7384
    7385def column(
    7386    col,
    7387    table=None,
    7388    db=None,
    7389    catalog=None,
    7390    *,
    7391    fields=None,
    7392    quoted=None,
    7393    copy=True,
    7394):
    7395    """
    7396    Build a Column.
    7397
    7398    Args:
    7399        col: Column name.
    7400        table: Table name.
    7401        db: Database name.
    7402        catalog: Catalog name.
    7403        fields: Additional fields using dots.
    7404        quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
    7405        copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.
    7406
    7407    Returns:
    7408        The new Column instance.
    7409    """
    7410    this = Column(
    7411        this=to_identifier(col, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7412        table=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7413        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7414        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7415    )
    7416
    7417    if fields:
    7418        this = Dot.build(
    7419            (this, *(to_identifier(field, quoted=quoted, copy=copy) for field in fields))
    7420        )
    7421    return this
    7422
    7423
    7424def cast(
    7425    expression: ExpOrStr, to: DATA_TYPE, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    7426) -> Cast:
    7427    """Cast an expression to a data type.
    7428
    7429    Example:
    7430        >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
    7431        'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'
    7432
    7433    Args:
    7434        expression: The expression to cast.
    7435        to: The datatype to cast to.
    7436        copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.
    7437        dialect: The target dialect. This is used to prevent a re-cast in the following scenario:
    7438            - The expression to be cast is already a exp.Cast expression
    7439            - The existing cast is to a type that is logically equivalent to new type
    7440
    7441            For example, if :expression='CAST(x as DATETIME)' and :to=Type.TIMESTAMP,
    7442            but in the target dialect DATETIME is mapped to TIMESTAMP, then we will NOT return `CAST(x (as DATETIME) as TIMESTAMP)`
    7443            and instead just return the original expression `CAST(x as DATETIME)`.
    7444
    7445            This is to prevent it being output as a double cast `CAST(x (as TIMESTAMP) as TIMESTAMP)` once the DATETIME -> TIMESTAMP
    7446            mapping is applied in the target dialect generator.
    7447
    7448    Returns:
    7449        The new Cast instance.
    7450    """
    7451    expr = maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7452    data_type = DataType.build(to, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7453
    7454    # dont re-cast if the expression is already a cast to the correct type
    7455    if isinstance(expr, Cast):
    7456        from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    7457
    7458        target_dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    7459        type_mapping = target_dialect.generator_class.TYPE_MAPPING
    7460
    7461        existing_cast_type: DataType.Type = expr.to.this
    7462        new_cast_type: DataType.Type = data_type.this
    7463        types_are_equivalent = type_mapping.get(
    7464            existing_cast_type, existing_cast_type
    7465        ) == type_mapping.get(new_cast_type, new_cast_type)
    7466        if expr.is_type(data_type) or types_are_equivalent:
    7467            return expr
    7468
    7469    expr = Cast(this=expr, to=data_type)
    7470    expr.type = data_type
    7471
    7472    return expr
    7473
    7474
    7475def table_(
    7476    table: Identifier | str,
    7477    db: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7478    catalog: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7479    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7480    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7481) -> Table:
    7482    """Build a Table.
    7483
    7484    Args:
    7485        table: Table name.
    7486        db: Database name.
    7487        catalog: Catalog name.
    7488        quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
    7489        alias: Table's alias.
    7490
    7491    Returns:
    7492        The new Table instance.
    7493    """
    7494    return Table(
    7495        this=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted) if table else None,
    7496        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted) if db else None,
    7497        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted) if catalog else None,
    7498        alias=TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None,
    7499    )
    7500
    7501
    7502def values(
    7503    values: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]],
    7504    alias: t.Optional[str] = None,
    7505    columns: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str] | t.Dict[str, DataType]] = None,
    7506) -> Values:
    7507    """Build VALUES statement.
    7508
    7509    Example:
    7510        >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
    7511        "VALUES (1, '2')"
    7512
    7513    Args:
    7514        values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
    7515        alias: optional alias
    7516        columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types.
    7517         If either are provided then an alias is also required.
    7518
    7519    Returns:
    7520        Values: the Values expression object
    7521    """
    7522    if columns and not alias:
    7523        raise ValueError("Alias is required when providing columns")
    7524
    7525    return Values(
    7526        expressions=[convert(tup) for tup in values],
    7527        alias=(
    7528            TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias), columns=[to_identifier(x) for x in columns])
    7529            if columns
    7530            else (TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None)
    7531        ),
    7532    )
    7533
    7534
    7535def var(name: t.Optional[ExpOrStr]) -> Var:
    7536    """Build a SQL variable.
    7537
    7538    Example:
    7539        >>> repr(var('x'))
    7540        'Var(this=x)'
    7541
    7542        >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
    7543        'Var(this=x)'
    7544
    7545    Args:
    7546        name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.
    7547
    7548    Returns:
    7549        The new variable node.
    7550    """
    7551    if not name:
    7552        raise ValueError("Cannot convert empty name into var.")
    7553
    7554    if isinstance(name, Expression):
    7555        name = name.name
    7556    return Var(this=name)
    7557
    7558
    7559def rename_table(
    7560    old_name: str | Table,
    7561    new_name: str | Table,
    7562    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7563) -> Alter:
    7564    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression
    7565
    7566    Args:
    7567        old_name: The old name of the table
    7568        new_name: The new name of the table
    7569        dialect: The dialect to parse the table.
    7570
    7571    Returns:
    7572        Alter table expression
    7573    """
    7574    old_table = to_table(old_name, dialect=dialect)
    7575    new_table = to_table(new_name, dialect=dialect)
    7576    return Alter(
    7577        this=old_table,
    7578        kind="TABLE",
    7579        actions=[
    7580            RenameTable(this=new_table),
    7581        ],
    7582    )
    7583
    7584
    7585def rename_column(
    7586    table_name: str | Table,
    7587    old_column_name: str | Column,
    7588    new_column_name: str | Column,
    7589    exists: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7590    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7591) -> Alter:
    7592    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression
    7593
    7594    Args:
    7595        table_name: Name of the table
    7596        old_column: The old name of the column
    7597        new_column: The new name of the column
    7598        exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
    7599        dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.
    7600
    7601    Returns:
    7602        Alter table expression
    7603    """
    7604    table = to_table(table_name, dialect=dialect)
    7605    old_column = to_column(old_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    7606    new_column = to_column(new_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    7607    return Alter(
    7608        this=table,
    7609        kind="TABLE",
    7610        actions=[
    7611            RenameColumn(this=old_column, to=new_column, exists=exists),
    7612        ],
    7613    )
    7614
    7615
    7616def convert(value: t.Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression:
    7617    """Convert a python value into an expression object.
    7618
    7619    Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.
    7620
    7621    Args:
    7622        value: A python object.
    7623        copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).
    7624
    7625    Returns:
    7626        The equivalent expression object.
    7627    """
    7628    if isinstance(value, Expression):
    7629        return maybe_copy(value, copy)
    7630    if isinstance(value, str):
    7631        return Literal.string(value)
    7632    if isinstance(value, bool):
    7633        return Boolean(this=value)
    7634    if value is None or (isinstance(value, float) and math.isnan(value)):
    7635        return null()
    7636    if isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
    7637        return Literal.number(value)
    7638    if isinstance(value, bytes):
    7639        return HexString(this=value.hex())
    7640    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
    7641        datetime_literal = Literal.string(value.isoformat(sep=" "))
    7642
    7643        tz = None
    7644        if value.tzinfo:
    7645            # this works for zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, pytz.timezone and datetime.datetime.utc to return IANA timezone names like "America/Los_Angeles"
    7646            # instead of abbreviations like "PDT". This is for consistency with other timezone handling functions in SQLGlot
    7647            tz = Literal.string(str(value.tzinfo))
    7648
    7649        return TimeStrToTime(this=datetime_literal, zone=tz)
    7650    if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
    7651        date_literal = Literal.string(value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    7652        return DateStrToDate(this=date_literal)
    7653    if isinstance(value, tuple):
    7654        if hasattr(value, "_fields"):
    7655            return Struct(
    7656                expressions=[
    7657                    PropertyEQ(
    7658                        this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(getattr(value, k), copy=copy)
    7659                    )
    7660                    for k in value._fields
    7661                ]
    7662            )
    7663        return Tuple(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    7664    if isinstance(value, list):
    7665        return Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    7666    if isinstance(value, dict):
    7667        return Map(
    7668            keys=Array(expressions=[convert(k, copy=copy) for k in value]),
    7669            values=Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value.values()]),
    7670        )
    7671    if hasattr(value, "__dict__"):
    7672        return Struct(
    7673            expressions=[
    7674                PropertyEQ(this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(v, copy=copy))
    7675                for k, v in value.__dict__.items()
    7676            ]
    7677        )
    7678    raise ValueError(f"Cannot convert {value}")
    7679
    7680
    7681def replace_children(expression: Expression, fun: t.Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
    7682    """
    7683    Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.
    7684    """
    7685    for k, v in tuple(expression.args.items()):
    7686        is_list_arg = type(v) is list
    7687
    7688        child_nodes = v if is_list_arg else [v]
    7689        new_child_nodes = []
    7690
    7691        for cn in child_nodes:
    7692            if isinstance(cn, Expression):
    7693                for child_node in ensure_collection(fun(cn, *args, **kwargs)):
    7694                    new_child_nodes.append(child_node)
    7695            else:
    7696                new_child_nodes.append(cn)
    7697
    7698        expression.set(k, new_child_nodes if is_list_arg else seq_get(new_child_nodes, 0))
    7699
    7700
    7701def replace_tree(
    7702    expression: Expression,
    7703    fun: t.Callable,
    7704    prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None,
    7705) -> Expression:
    7706    """
    7707    Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.
    7708
    7709    This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first.
    7710    If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.
    7711    """
    7712    stack = list(expression.dfs(prune=prune))
    7713
    7714    while stack:
    7715        node = stack.pop()
    7716        new_node = fun(node)
    7717
    7718        if new_node is not node:
    7719            node.replace(new_node)
    7720
    7721            if isinstance(new_node, Expression):
    7722                stack.append(new_node)
    7723
    7724    return new_node
    7725
    7726
    7727def column_table_names(expression: Expression, exclude: str = "") -> t.Set[str]:
    7728    """
    7729    Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.
    7730
    7731    Example:
    7732        >>> import sqlglot
    7733        >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
    7734        ['a', 'c']
    7735
    7736    Args:
    7737        expression: expression to find table names.
    7738        exclude: a table name to exclude
    7739
    7740    Returns:
    7741        A list of unique names.
    7742    """
    7743    return {
    7744        table
    7745        for table in (column.table for column in expression.find_all(Column))
    7746        if table and table != exclude
    7747    }
    7748
    7749
    7750def table_name(table: Table | str, dialect: DialectType = None, identify: bool = False) -> str:
    7751    """Get the full name of a table as a string.
    7752
    7753    Args:
    7754        table: Table expression node or string.
    7755        dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
    7756        identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are:
    7757            False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect.
    7758            True: Always quote.
    7759
    7760    Examples:
    7761        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7762        >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
    7763        'a.b.c'
    7764
    7765    Returns:
    7766        The table name.
    7767    """
    7768
    7769    table = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    7770
    7771    if not table:
    7772        raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse {table}")
    7773
    7774    return ".".join(
    7775        (
    7776            part.sql(dialect=dialect, identify=True, copy=False)
    7777            if identify or not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(part.name)
    7778            else part.name
    7779        )
    7780        for part in table.parts
    7781    )
    7782
    7783
    7784def normalize_table_name(table: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> str:
    7785    """Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.
    7786
    7787    Args:
    7788        table: the table to normalize
    7789        dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
    7790        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7791
    7792    Examples:
    7793        >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
    7794        'A-B.c'
    7795    """
    7796    from sqlglot.optimizer.normalize_identifiers import normalize_identifiers
    7797
    7798    return ".".join(
    7799        p.name
    7800        for p in normalize_identifiers(
    7801            to_table(table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy), dialect=dialect
    7802        ).parts
    7803    )
    7804
    7805
    7806def replace_tables(
    7807    expression: E, mapping: t.Dict[str, str], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True
    7808) -> E:
    7809    """Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.
    7810
    7811    Args:
    7812        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    7813        mapping: mapping of table names.
    7814        dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
    7815        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7816
    7817    Examples:
    7818        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7819        >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
    7820        'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'
    7821
    7822    Returns:
    7823        The mapped expression.
    7824    """
    7825
    7826    mapping = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in mapping.items()}
    7827
    7828    def _replace_tables(node: Expression) -> Expression:
    7829        if isinstance(node, Table):
    7830            original = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    7831            new_name = mapping.get(original)
    7832
    7833            if new_name:
    7834                table = to_table(
    7835                    new_name,
    7836                    **{k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if k not in TABLE_PARTS},
    7837                    dialect=dialect,
    7838                )
    7839                table.add_comments([original])
    7840                return table
    7841        return node
    7842
    7843    return expression.transform(_replace_tables, copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    7844
    7845
    7846def replace_placeholders(expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    7847    """Replace placeholders in an expression.
    7848
    7849    Args:
    7850        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    7851        args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
    7852        kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.
    7853
    7854    Examples:
    7855        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7856        >>> replace_placeholders(
    7857        ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
    7858        ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
    7859        ... ).sql()
    7860        "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"
    7861
    7862    Returns:
    7863        The mapped expression.
    7864    """
    7865
    7866    def _replace_placeholders(node: Expression, args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    7867        if isinstance(node, Placeholder):
    7868            if node.this:
    7869                new_name = kwargs.get(node.this)
    7870                if new_name is not None:
    7871                    return convert(new_name)
    7872            else:
    7873                try:
    7874                    return convert(next(args))
    7875                except StopIteration:
    7876                    pass
    7877        return node
    7878
    7879    return expression.transform(_replace_placeholders, iter(args), **kwargs)
    7880
    7881
    7882def expand(
    7883    expression: Expression,
    7884    sources: t.Dict[str, Query],
    7885    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7886    copy: bool = True,
    7887) -> Expression:
    7888    """Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.
    7889
    7890    Examples:
    7891        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    7892        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
    7893        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'
    7894
    7895        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
    7896        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'
    7897
    7898    Args:
    7899        expression: The expression to expand.
    7900        sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
    7901        dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
    7902        copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.
    7903
    7904    Returns:
    7905        The transformed expression.
    7906    """
    7907    sources = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in sources.items()}
    7908
    7909    def _expand(node: Expression):
    7910        if isinstance(node, Table):
    7911            name = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    7912            source = sources.get(name)
    7913            if source:
    7914                subquery = source.subquery(node.alias or name)
    7915                subquery.comments = [f"source: {name}"]
    7916                return subquery.transform(_expand, copy=False)
    7917        return node
    7918
    7919    return expression.transform(_expand, copy=copy)
    7920
    7921
    7922def func(name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs) -> Func:
    7923    """
    7924    Returns a Func expression.
    7925
    7926    Examples:
    7927        >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
    7928        'ABS(5)'
    7929
    7930        >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
    7931        'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'
    7932
    7933    Args:
    7934        name: the name of the function to build.
    7935        args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7936        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    7937        dialect: the source dialect.
    7938        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7939
    7940    Note:
    7941        The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.
    7942
    7943    Returns:
    7944        An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't
    7945        correspond to an existing `sqlglot.expressions.Func` class.
    7946    """
    7947    if args and kwargs:
    7948        raise ValueError("Can't use both args and kwargs to instantiate a function.")
    7949
    7950    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    7951
    7952    dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    7953
    7954    converted: t.List[Expression] = [maybe_parse(arg, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for arg in args]
    7955    kwargs = {key: maybe_parse(value, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for key, value in kwargs.items()}
    7956
    7957    constructor = dialect.parser_class.FUNCTIONS.get(name.upper())
    7958    if constructor:
    7959        if converted:
    7960            if "dialect" in constructor.__code__.co_varnames:
    7961                function = constructor(converted, dialect=dialect)
    7962            else:
    7963                function = constructor(converted)
    7964        elif constructor.__name__ == "from_arg_list":
    7965            function = constructor.__self__(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
    7966        else:
    7967            constructor = FUNCTION_BY_NAME.get(name.upper())
    7968            if constructor:
    7969                function = constructor(**kwargs)
    7970            else:
    7971                raise ValueError(
    7972                    f"Unable to convert '{name}' into a Func. Either manually construct "
    7973                    "the Func expression of interest or parse the function call."
    7974                )
    7975    else:
    7976        kwargs = kwargs or {"expressions": converted}
    7977        function = Anonymous(this=name, **kwargs)
    7978
    7979    for error_message in function.error_messages(converted):
    7980        raise ValueError(error_message)
    7981
    7982    return function
    7983
    7984
    7985def case(
    7986    expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7987    **opts,
    7988) -> Case:
    7989    """
    7990    Initialize a CASE statement.
    7991
    7992    Example:
    7993        case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")
    7994
    7995    Args:
    7996        expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
    7997        **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`
    7998    """
    7999    if expression is not None:
    8000        this = maybe_parse(expression, **opts)
    8001    else:
    8002        this = None
    8003    return Case(this=this, ifs=[])
    8004
    8005
    8006def array(
    8007    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    8008) -> Array:
    8009    """
    8010    Returns an array.
    8011
    8012    Examples:
    8013        >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
    8014        'ARRAY(1, x)'
    8015
    8016    Args:
    8017        expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
    8018        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8019        dialect: the source dialect.
    8020        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8021
    8022    Returns:
    8023        An array expression.
    8024    """
    8025    return Array(
    8026        expressions=[
    8027            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    8028            for expression in expressions
    8029        ]
    8030    )
    8031
    8032
    8033def tuple_(
    8034    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    8035) -> Tuple:
    8036    """
    8037    Returns an tuple.
    8038
    8039    Examples:
    8040        >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
    8041        '(1, x)'
    8042
    8043    Args:
    8044        expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
    8045        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8046        dialect: the source dialect.
    8047        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8048
    8049    Returns:
    8050        A tuple expression.
    8051    """
    8052    return Tuple(
    8053        expressions=[
    8054            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    8055            for expression in expressions
    8056        ]
    8057    )
    8058
    8059
    8060def true() -> Boolean:
    8061    """
    8062    Returns a true Boolean expression.
    8063    """
    8064    return Boolean(this=True)
    8065
    8066
    8067def false() -> Boolean:
    8068    """
    8069    Returns a false Boolean expression.
    8070    """
    8071    return Boolean(this=False)
    8072
    8073
    8074def null() -> Null:
    8075    """
    8076    Returns a Null expression.
    8077    """
    8078    return Null()
    8079
    8080
    8081NONNULL_CONSTANTS = (
    8082    Literal,
    8083    Boolean,
    8084)
    8085
    8086CONSTANTS = (
    8087    Literal,
    8088    Boolean,
    8089    Null,
    8090)

SQLGLOT_META = 'sqlglot.meta'
TABLE_PARTS = ('this', 'db', 'catalog')
COLUMN_PARTS = ('this', 'table', 'db', 'catalog')
class Expression: View Source

      66class Expression(metaclass=_Expression):
      67    """
      68    The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary
      69    context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression
      70    is optional or not.
      71
      72    Attributes:
      73        key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing
      74            and representing expressions as strings.
      75        arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps
      76            arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
      77        parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
      78        arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression
      79            uses to refer to it.
      80        index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
      81        comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in
      82            order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
      83        type: the `sqlglot.expressions.DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the
      84            optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
      85        meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.
      86
      87    Example:
      88        >>> class Foo(Expression):
      89        ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
      90
      91        The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called
      92        "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".
      93
      94    Args:
      95        args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.
      96    """
      97
      98    key = "expression"
      99    arg_types = {"this": True}
     100    __slots__ = ("args", "parent", "arg_key", "index", "comments", "_type", "_meta", "_hash")
     101
     102    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
     103        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
     104        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
     105        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
     106        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
     107        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
     108        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
     109        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
     110        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
     111
     112        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
     113            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     114
     115    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
     116        return type(self) is type(other) and hash(self) == hash(other)
     117
     118    @property
     119    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
     120        return frozenset(
     121            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
     122            for k, v in self.args.items()
     123            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
     124        )
     125
     126    def __hash__(self) -> int:
     127        if self._hash is not None:
     128            return self._hash
     129
     130        return hash((self.__class__, self.hashable_args))
     131
     132    @property
     133    def this(self) -> t.Any:
     134        """
     135        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
     136        """
     137        return self.args.get("this")
     138
     139    @property
     140    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
     141        """
     142        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
     143        """
     144        return self.args.get("expression")
     145
     146    @property
     147    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
     148        """
     149        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
     150        """
     151        return self.args.get("expressions") or []
     152
     153    def text(self, key) -> str:
     154        """
     155        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
     156        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
     157        """
     158        field = self.args.get(key)
     159        if isinstance(field, str):
     160            return field
     161        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
     162            return field.this
     163        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
     164            return field.name
     165        return ""
     166
     167    @property
     168    def is_string(self) -> bool:
     169        """
     170        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
     171        """
     172        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]
     173
     174    @property
     175    def is_number(self) -> bool:
     176        """
     177        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
     178        """
     179        return (isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]) or (
     180            isinstance(self, Neg) and self.this.is_number
     181        )
     182
     183    def to_py(self) -> t.Any:
     184        """
     185        Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.
     186        """
     187        raise ValueError(f"{self} cannot be converted to a Python object.")
     188
     189    @property
     190    def is_int(self) -> bool:
     191        """
     192        Checks whether an expression is an integer.
     193        """
     194        return self.is_number and isinstance(self.to_py(), int)
     195
     196    @property
     197    def is_star(self) -> bool:
     198        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
     199        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))
     200
     201    @property
     202    def alias(self) -> str:
     203        """
     204        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
     205        """
     206        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
     207            return self.args["alias"].name
     208        return self.text("alias")
     209
     210    @property
     211    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
     212        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
     213        if not table_alias:
     214            return []
     215        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]
     216
     217    @property
     218    def name(self) -> str:
     219        return self.text("this")
     220
     221    @property
     222    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
     223        return self.alias or self.name
     224
     225    @property
     226    def output_name(self) -> str:
     227        """
     228        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
     229
     230        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
     231
     232        Example:
     233            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     234            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
     235            'a'
     236            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
     237            'c'
     238            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
     239            ''
     240        """
     241        return ""
     242
     243    @property
     244    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
     245        return self._type
     246
     247    @type.setter
     248    def type(self, dtype: t.Optional[DataType | DataType.Type | str]) -> None:
     249        if dtype and not isinstance(dtype, DataType):
     250            dtype = DataType.build(dtype)
     251        self._type = dtype  # type: ignore
     252
     253    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
     254        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)
     255
     256    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
     257        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())
     258
     259    @property
     260    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
     261        if self._meta is None:
     262            self._meta = {}
     263        return self._meta
     264
     265    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
     266        root = self.__class__()
     267        stack = [(self, root)]
     268
     269        while stack:
     270            node, copy = stack.pop()
     271
     272            if node.comments is not None:
     273                copy.comments = deepcopy(node.comments)
     274            if node._type is not None:
     275                copy._type = deepcopy(node._type)
     276            if node._meta is not None:
     277                copy._meta = deepcopy(node._meta)
     278            if node._hash is not None:
     279                copy._hash = node._hash
     280
     281            for k, vs in node.args.items():
     282                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     283                    stack.append((vs, vs.__class__()))
     284                    copy.set(k, stack[-1][-1])
     285                elif type(vs) is list:
     286                    copy.args[k] = []
     287
     288                    for v in vs:
     289                        if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     290                            stack.append((v, v.__class__()))
     291                            copy.append(k, stack[-1][-1])
     292                        else:
     293                            copy.append(k, v)
     294                else:
     295                    copy.args[k] = vs
     296
     297        return root
     298
     299    def copy(self):
     300        """
     301        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
     302        """
     303        return deepcopy(self)
     304
     305    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None) -> None:
     306        if self.comments is None:
     307            self.comments = []
     308
     309        if comments:
     310            for comment in comments:
     311                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
     312                if meta:
     313                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
     314                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
     315                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
     316                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
     317                self.comments.append(comment)
     318
     319    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
     320        comments = self.comments or []
     321        self.comments = None
     322        return comments
     323
     324    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
     325        """
     326        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
     327
     328        Args:
     329            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
     330            value (Any): value to append to the list
     331        """
     332        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
     333            self.args[arg_key] = []
     334        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     335        values = self.args[arg_key]
     336        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     337            value.index = len(values)
     338        values.append(value)
     339
     340    def set(
     341        self,
     342        arg_key: str,
     343        value: t.Any,
     344        index: t.Optional[int] = None,
     345        overwrite: bool = True,
     346    ) -> None:
     347        """
     348        Sets arg_key to value.
     349
     350        Args:
     351            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
     352            value: value to set the arg to.
     353            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
     354            overwrite: assuming an index is given, this determines whether to overwrite the
     355                list entry instead of only inserting a new value (i.e., like list.insert).
     356        """
     357        if index is not None:
     358            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
     359
     360            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
     361                return
     362            if value is None:
     363                expressions.pop(index)
     364                for v in expressions[index:]:
     365                    v.index = v.index - 1
     366                return
     367
     368            if isinstance(value, list):
     369                expressions.pop(index)
     370                expressions[index:index] = value
     371            elif overwrite:
     372                expressions[index] = value
     373            else:
     374                expressions.insert(index, value)
     375
     376            value = expressions
     377        elif value is None:
     378            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
     379            return
     380
     381        self.args[arg_key] = value
     382        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)
     383
     384    def _set_parent(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
     385        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     386            value.parent = self
     387            value.arg_key = arg_key
     388            value.index = index
     389        elif type(value) is list:
     390            for index, v in enumerate(value):
     391                if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     392                    v.parent = self
     393                    v.arg_key = arg_key
     394                    v.index = index
     395
     396    @property
     397    def depth(self) -> int:
     398        """
     399        Returns the depth of this tree.
     400        """
     401        if self.parent:
     402            return self.parent.depth + 1
     403        return 0
     404
     405    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     406        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
     407        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
     408        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():
     409            if type(vs) is list:
     410                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:
     411                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     412                        yield v
     413            else:
     414                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     415                    yield vs
     416
     417    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
     418        """
     419        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
     420        the specified types.
     421
     422        Args:
     423            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     424            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     425
     426        Returns:
     427            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
     428        """
     429        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)
     430
     431    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
     432        """
     433        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
     434        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
     435
     436        Args:
     437            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     438            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     439
     440        Returns:
     441            The generator object.
     442        """
     443        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
     444            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
     445                yield expression
     446
     447    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
     448        """
     449        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
     450
     451        Args:
     452            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     453
     454        Returns:
     455            The parent node.
     456        """
     457        ancestor = self.parent
     458        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
     459            ancestor = ancestor.parent
     460        return ancestor  # type: ignore
     461
     462    @property
     463    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
     464        """
     465        Returns the parent select statement.
     466        """
     467        return self.find_ancestor(Select)
     468
     469    @property
     470    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
     471        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
     472        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__
     473
     474    def root(self) -> Expression:
     475        """
     476        Returns the root expression of this tree.
     477        """
     478        expression = self
     479        while expression.parent:
     480            expression = expression.parent
     481        return expression
     482
     483    def walk(
     484        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     485    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     486        """
     487        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
     488
     489        Args:
     490            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
     491                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
     492            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
     493                this branch of the tree.
     494
     495        Returns:
     496            the generator object.
     497        """
     498        if bfs:
     499            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
     500        else:
     501            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)
     502
     503    def dfs(
     504        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     505    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     506        """
     507        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     508        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
     509
     510        Returns:
     511            The generator object.
     512        """
     513        stack = [self]
     514
     515        while stack:
     516            node = stack.pop()
     517
     518            yield node
     519
     520            if prune and prune(node):
     521                continue
     522
     523            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
     524                stack.append(v)
     525
     526    def bfs(
     527        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     528    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     529        """
     530        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     531        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
     532
     533        Returns:
     534            The generator object.
     535        """
     536        queue = deque([self])
     537
     538        while queue:
     539            node = queue.popleft()
     540
     541            yield node
     542
     543            if prune and prune(node):
     544                continue
     545
     546            for v in node.iter_expressions():
     547                queue.append(v)
     548
     549    def unnest(self):
     550        """
     551        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
     552        """
     553        expression = self
     554        while type(expression) is Paren:
     555            expression = expression.this
     556        return expression
     557
     558    def unalias(self):
     559        """
     560        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
     561        """
     562        if isinstance(self, Alias):
     563            return self.this
     564        return self
     565
     566    def unnest_operands(self):
     567        """
     568        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
     569        """
     570        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())
     571
     572    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
     573        """
     574        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
     575
     576        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
     577        """
     578        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
     579            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
     580                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node
     581
     582    def __str__(self) -> str:
     583        return self.sql()
     584
     585    def __repr__(self) -> str:
     586        return _to_s(self)
     587
     588    def to_s(self) -> str:
     589        """
     590        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
     591        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
     592        """
     593        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)
     594
     595    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
     596        """
     597        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
     598
     599        Args:
     600            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
     601            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
     602
     603        Returns:
     604            The SQL string.
     605        """
     606        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
     607
     608        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)
     609
     610    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
     611        """
     612        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
     613        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
     614
     615        Args:
     616            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
     617                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
     618                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
     619            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
     620                modified in place.
     621
     622        Returns:
     623            The transformed tree.
     624        """
     625        root = None
     626        new_node = None
     627
     628        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
     629            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
     630            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
     631
     632            if not root:
     633                root = new_node
     634            elif new_node is not node:
     635                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
     636
     637        assert root
     638        return root.assert_is(Expression)
     639
     640    @t.overload
     641    def replace(self, expression: E) -> E: ...
     642
     643    @t.overload
     644    def replace(self, expression: None) -> None: ...
     645
     646    def replace(self, expression):
     647        """
     648        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
     649
     650        For example::
     651
     652            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
     653            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
     654            Column(
     655              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
     656            >>> tree.sql()
     657            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
     658
     659        Args:
     660            expression: new node
     661
     662        Returns:
     663            The new expression or expressions.
     664        """
     665        parent = self.parent
     666
     667        if not parent or parent is expression:
     668            return expression
     669
     670        key = self.arg_key
     671        value = parent.args.get(key)
     672
     673        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
     674            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
     675            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
     676            value.parent.replace(expression)
     677        else:
     678            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
     679
     680        if expression is not self:
     681            self.parent = None
     682            self.arg_key = None
     683            self.index = None
     684
     685        return expression
     686
     687    def pop(self: E) -> E:
     688        """
     689        Remove this expression from its AST.
     690
     691        Returns:
     692            The popped expression.
     693        """
     694        self.replace(None)
     695        return self
     696
     697    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
     698        """
     699        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
     700
     701        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
     702        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
     703
     704        Examples:
     705            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
     706
     707            >>> import sqlglot
     708            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
     709            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
     710        """
     711        if not isinstance(self, type_):
     712            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
     713        return self
     714
     715    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
     716        """
     717        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
     718
     719        Args:
     720            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
     721                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
     722
     723        Returns:
     724            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
     725        """
     726        errors: t.List[str] = []
     727
     728        for k in self.args:
     729            if k not in self.arg_types:
     730                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
     731        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
     732            v = self.args.get(k)
     733            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
     734                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
     735
     736        if (
     737            args
     738            and isinstance(self, Func)
     739            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
     740            and not self.is_var_len_args
     741        ):
     742            errors.append(
     743                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
     744                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
     745            )
     746
     747        return errors
     748
     749    def dump(self):
     750        """
     751        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
     752        """
     753        from sqlglot.serde import dump
     754
     755        return dump(self)
     756
     757    @classmethod
     758    def load(cls, obj):
     759        """
     760        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
     761        """
     762        from sqlglot.serde import load
     763
     764        return load(obj)
     765
     766    def and_(
     767        self,
     768        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     769        dialect: DialectType = None,
     770        copy: bool = True,
     771        **opts,
     772    ) -> Condition:
     773        """
     774        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     775
     776        Example:
     777            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
     778            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
     779
     780        Args:
     781            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     782                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     783            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     784            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     785            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     786
     787        Returns:
     788            The new And condition.
     789        """
     790        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     791
     792    def or_(
     793        self,
     794        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     795        dialect: DialectType = None,
     796        copy: bool = True,
     797        **opts,
     798    ) -> Condition:
     799        """
     800        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     801
     802        Example:
     803            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
     804            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
     805
     806        Args:
     807            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     808                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     809            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     810            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     811            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     812
     813        Returns:
     814            The new Or condition.
     815        """
     816        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     817
     818    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
     819        """
     820        Wrap this condition with NOT.
     821
     822        Example:
     823            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
     824            'NOT x = 1'
     825
     826        Args:
     827            copy: whether to copy this object.
     828
     829        Returns:
     830            The new Not instance.
     831        """
     832        return not_(self, copy=copy)
     833
     834    def as_(
     835        self,
     836        alias: str | Identifier,
     837        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
     838        dialect: DialectType = None,
     839        copy: bool = True,
     840        **opts,
     841    ) -> Alias:
     842        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     843
     844    def _binop(self, klass: t.Type[E], other: t.Any, reverse: bool = False) -> E:
     845        this = self.copy()
     846        other = convert(other, copy=True)
     847        if not isinstance(this, klass) and not isinstance(other, klass):
     848            this = _wrap(this, Binary)
     849            other = _wrap(other, Binary)
     850        if reverse:
     851            return klass(this=other, expression=this)
     852        return klass(this=this, expression=other)
     853
     854    def __getitem__(self, other: ExpOrStr | t.Tuple[ExpOrStr]) -> Bracket:
     855        return Bracket(
     856            this=self.copy(), expressions=[convert(e, copy=True) for e in ensure_list(other)]
     857        )
     858
     859    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator:
     860        if "expressions" in self.arg_types:
     861            return iter(self.args.get("expressions") or [])
     862        # We define this because __getitem__ converts Expression into an iterable, which is
     863        # problematic because one can hit infinite loops if they do "for x in some_expr: ..."
     864        # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0234/
     865        raise TypeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object is not iterable")
     866
     867    def isin(
     868        self,
     869        *expressions: t.Any,
     870        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
     871        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
     872        copy: bool = True,
     873        **opts,
     874    ) -> In:
     875        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
     876        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
     877            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
     878
     879        return In(
     880            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     881            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
     882            query=subquery,
     883            unnest=(
     884                Unnest(
     885                    expressions=[
     886                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
     887                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
     888                    ]
     889                )
     890                if unnest
     891                else None
     892            ),
     893        )
     894
     895    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
     896        return Between(
     897            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     898            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
     899            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
     900        )
     901
     902    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
     903        return self._binop(Is, other)
     904
     905    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
     906        return self._binop(Like, other)
     907
     908    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
     909        return self._binop(ILike, other)
     910
     911    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
     912        return self._binop(EQ, other)
     913
     914    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
     915        return self._binop(NEQ, other)
     916
     917    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
     918        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)
     919
     920    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
     921        div = self._binop(Div, other)
     922        div.args["typed"] = typed
     923        div.args["safe"] = safe
     924        return div
     925
     926    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
     927        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)
     928
     929    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
     930        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)
     931
     932    def __lt__(self, other: t.Any) -> LT:
     933        return self._binop(LT, other)
     934
     935    def __le__(self, other: t.Any) -> LTE:
     936        return self._binop(LTE, other)
     937
     938    def __gt__(self, other: t.Any) -> GT:
     939        return self._binop(GT, other)
     940
     941    def __ge__(self, other: t.Any) -> GTE:
     942        return self._binop(GTE, other)
     943
     944    def __add__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     945        return self._binop(Add, other)
     946
     947    def __radd__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     948        return self._binop(Add, other, reverse=True)
     949
     950    def __sub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     951        return self._binop(Sub, other)
     952
     953    def __rsub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     954        return self._binop(Sub, other, reverse=True)
     955
     956    def __mul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     957        return self._binop(Mul, other)
     958
     959    def __rmul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     960        return self._binop(Mul, other, reverse=True)
     961
     962    def __truediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     963        return self._binop(Div, other)
     964
     965    def __rtruediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     966        return self._binop(Div, other, reverse=True)
     967
     968    def __floordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     969        return self._binop(IntDiv, other)
     970
     971    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     972        return self._binop(IntDiv, other, reverse=True)
     973
     974    def __mod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     975        return self._binop(Mod, other)
     976
     977    def __rmod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     978        return self._binop(Mod, other, reverse=True)
     979
     980    def __pow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     981        return self._binop(Pow, other)
     982
     983    def __rpow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     984        return self._binop(Pow, other, reverse=True)
     985
     986    def __and__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
     987        return self._binop(And, other)
     988
     989    def __rand__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
     990        return self._binop(And, other, reverse=True)
     991
     992    def __or__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
     993        return self._binop(Or, other)
     994
     995    def __ror__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
     996        return self._binop(Or, other, reverse=True)
     997
     998    def __neg__(self) -> Neg:
     999        return Neg(this=_wrap(self.copy(), Binary))
    1000
    1001    def __invert__(self) -> Not:
    1002        return not_(self.copy())

The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression is optional or not.

###### Attributes:

- key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing and representing expressions as strings.
- arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
- parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
- arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression uses to refer to it.
- index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
- comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
- type: the `sqlglot.expressions.DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
- meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> class Foo(Expression):
>     ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

> The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".

###### Arguments:

- args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.

Expression(**args: Any) View Source

    102    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
    103        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
    104        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
    105        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
    106        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
    107        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
    108        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
    109        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
    110        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
    111
    112        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
    113            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)

key = 'expression'
arg_types = {'this': True}
args: Dict[str, Any]
parent: Optional[Expression]
arg_key: Optional[str]
index: Optional[int]
comments: Optional[List[str]]
hashable_args: Any View Source

    118    @property
    119    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    120        return frozenset(
    121            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
    122            for k, v in self.args.items()
    123            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
    124        )

this: Any View Source

    132    @property
    133    def this(self) -> t.Any:
    134        """
    135        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
    136        """
    137        return self.args.get("this")

Retrieves the argument with key "this".

expression: Any View Source

    139    @property
    140    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
    141        """
    142        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
    143        """
    144        return self.args.get("expression")

Retrieves the argument with key "expression".

expressions: List[Any] View Source

    146    @property
    147    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
    148        """
    149        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
    150        """
    151        return self.args.get("expressions") or []

Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".

def text(self, key) -> str: View Source

    153    def text(self, key) -> str:
    154        """
    155        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
    156        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
    157        """
    158        field = self.args.get(key)
    159        if isinstance(field, str):
    160            return field
    161        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
    162            return field.this
    163        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
    164            return field.name
    165        return ""

Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.

is_string: bool View Source

    167    @property
    168    def is_string(self) -> bool:
    169        """
    170        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
    171        """
    172        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]

Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.

is_number: bool View Source

    174    @property
    175    def is_number(self) -> bool:
    176        """
    177        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
    178        """
    179        return (isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]) or (
    180            isinstance(self, Neg) and self.this.is_number
    181        )

Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.

def to_py(self) -> Any: View Source

    183    def to_py(self) -> t.Any:
    184        """
    185        Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.
    186        """
    187        raise ValueError(f"{self} cannot be converted to a Python object.")

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

is_int: bool View Source

    189    @property
    190    def is_int(self) -> bool:
    191        """
    192        Checks whether an expression is an integer.
    193        """
    194        return self.is_number and isinstance(self.to_py(), int)

Checks whether an expression is an integer.

is_star: bool View Source

    196    @property
    197    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    198        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
    199        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))

Checks whether an expression is a star.

alias: str View Source

    201    @property
    202    def alias(self) -> str:
    203        """
    204        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
    205        """
    206        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
    207            return self.args["alias"].name
    208        return self.text("alias")

Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.

alias_column_names: List[str] View Source

    210    @property
    211    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
    212        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
    213        if not table_alias:
    214            return []
    215        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]

name: str View Source

    217    @property
    218    def name(self) -> str:
    219        return self.text("this")

alias_or_name: str View Source

    221    @property
    222    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    223        return self.alias or self.name

output_name: str View Source

    225    @property
    226    def output_name(self) -> str:
    227        """
    228        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
    229
    230        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
    231
    232        Example:
    233            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    234            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
    235            'a'
    236            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
    237            'c'
    238            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
    239            ''
    240        """
    241        return ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

type: Optional[DataType] View Source

    243    @property
    244    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    245        return self._type

def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool: View Source

    253    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
    254        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)

def is_leaf(self) -> bool: View Source

    256    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
    257        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())

meta: Dict[str, Any] View Source

    259    @property
    260    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
    261        if self._meta is None:
    262            self._meta = {}
    263        return self._meta

def copy(self): View Source

    299    def copy(self):
    300        """
    301        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
    302        """
    303        return deepcopy(self)

Returns a deep copy of the expression.

def add_comments(self, comments: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None: View Source

    305    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None) -> None:
    306        if self.comments is None:
    307            self.comments = []
    308
    309        if comments:
    310            for comment in comments:
    311                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
    312                if meta:
    313                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
    314                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
    315                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
    316                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
    317                self.comments.append(comment)

def pop_comments(self) -> List[str]: View Source

    319    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
    320        comments = self.comments or []
    321        self.comments = None
    322        return comments

def append(self, arg_key: str, value: Any) -> None: View Source

    324    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
    325        """
    326        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
    327
    328        Args:
    329            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
    330            value (Any): value to append to the list
    331        """
    332        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
    333            self.args[arg_key] = []
    334        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
    335        values = self.args[arg_key]
    336        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
    337            value.index = len(values)
    338        values.append(value)

Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.

###### Arguments:

- arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
- value (Any): value to append to the list

def set( self, arg_key: str, value: Any, index: Optional[int] = None, overwrite: bool = True) -> None: View Source

    340    def set(
    341        self,
    342        arg_key: str,
    343        value: t.Any,
    344        index: t.Optional[int] = None,
    345        overwrite: bool = True,
    346    ) -> None:
    347        """
    348        Sets arg_key to value.
    349
    350        Args:
    351            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
    352            value: value to set the arg to.
    353            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
    354            overwrite: assuming an index is given, this determines whether to overwrite the
    355                list entry instead of only inserting a new value (i.e., like list.insert).
    356        """
    357        if index is not None:
    358            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
    359
    360            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
    361                return
    362            if value is None:
    363                expressions.pop(index)
    364                for v in expressions[index:]:
    365                    v.index = v.index - 1
    366                return
    367
    368            if isinstance(value, list):
    369                expressions.pop(index)
    370                expressions[index:index] = value
    371            elif overwrite:
    372                expressions[index] = value
    373            else:
    374                expressions.insert(index, value)
    375
    376            value = expressions
    377        elif value is None:
    378            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
    379            return
    380
    381        self.args[arg_key] = value
    382        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)

Sets arg_key to value.

###### Arguments:

- arg_key: name of the expression arg.
- value: value to set the arg to.
- index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
- overwrite: assuming an index is given, this determines whether to overwrite the list entry instead of only inserting a new value (i.e., like list.insert).

depth: int View Source

    396    @property
    397    def depth(self) -> int:
    398        """
    399        Returns the depth of this tree.
    400        """
    401        if self.parent:
    402            return self.parent.depth + 1
    403        return 0

Returns the depth of this tree.

def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    405    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    406        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
    407        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
    408        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():
    409            if type(vs) is list:
    410                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:
    411                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
    412                        yield v
    413            else:
    414                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
    415                    yield vs

Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args.

def find(self, *expression_types: Type[~E], bfs: bool = True) -> Optional[~E]: View Source

    417    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
    418        """
    419        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
    420        the specified types.
    421
    422        Args:
    423            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    424            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
    425
    426        Returns:
    427            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
    428        """
    429        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)

Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of the specified types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
- bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).

###### Returns:

> The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.

def find_all(self, *expression_types: Type[~E], bfs: bool = True) -> Iterator[~E]: View Source

    431    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
    432        """
    433        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
    434        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
    435
    436        Args:
    437            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    438            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
    439
    440        Returns:
    441            The generator object.
    442        """
    443        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
    444            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
    445                yield expression

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
- bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: Type[~E]) -> Optional[~E]: View Source

    447    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
    448        """
    449        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
    450
    451        Args:
    452            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    453
    454        Returns:
    455            The parent node.
    456        """
    457        ancestor = self.parent
    458        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
    459            ancestor = ancestor.parent
    460        return ancestor  # type: ignore

Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.

###### Returns:

> The parent node.

parent_select: Optional[Select] View Source

    462    @property
    463    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
    464        """
    465        Returns the parent select statement.
    466        """
    467        return self.find_ancestor(Select)

Returns the parent select statement.

same_parent: bool View Source

    469    @property
    470    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
    471        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
    472        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__

Returns if the parent is the same class as itself.

def root(self) -> Expression: View Source

    474    def root(self) -> Expression:
    475        """
    476        Returns the root expression of this tree.
    477        """
    478        expression = self
    479        while expression.parent:
    480            expression = expression.parent
    481        return expression

Returns the root expression of this tree.

def walk( self, bfs: bool = True, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    483    def walk(
    484        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    485    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    486        """
    487        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
    488
    489        Args:
    490            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
    491                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
    492            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
    493                this branch of the tree.
    494
    495        Returns:
    496            the generator object.
    497        """
    498        if bfs:
    499            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
    500        else:
    501            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.

###### Arguments:

- bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied, otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
- prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing this branch of the tree.

###### Returns:

> the generator object.

def dfs( self, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    503    def dfs(
    504        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    505    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    506        """
    507        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
    508        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
    509
    510        Returns:
    511            The generator object.
    512        """
    513        stack = [self]
    514
    515        while stack:
    516            node = stack.pop()
    517
    518            yield node
    519
    520            if prune and prune(node):
    521                continue
    522
    523            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
    524                stack.append(v)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in the DFS (Depth-first) order.

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def bfs( self, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    526    def bfs(
    527        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    528    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    529        """
    530        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
    531        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
    532
    533        Returns:
    534            The generator object.
    535        """
    536        queue = deque([self])
    537
    538        while queue:
    539            node = queue.popleft()
    540
    541            yield node
    542
    543            if prune and prune(node):
    544                continue
    545
    546            for v in node.iter_expressions():
    547                queue.append(v)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in the BFS (Breadth-first) order.

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def unnest(self): View Source

    549    def unnest(self):
    550        """
    551        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
    552        """
    553        expression = self
    554        while type(expression) is Paren:
    555            expression = expression.this
    556        return expression

Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.

def unalias(self): View Source

    558    def unalias(self):
    559        """
    560        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
    561        """
    562        if isinstance(self, Alias):
    563            return self.this
    564        return self

Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.

def unnest_operands(self): View Source

    566    def unnest_operands(self):
    567        """
    568        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
    569        """
    570        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())

Returns unnested operands as a tuple.

def flatten(self, unnest=True): View Source

    572    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
    573        """
    574        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
    575
    576        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
    577        """
    578        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
    579            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
    580                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node

Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.

A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]

def to_s(self) -> str: View Source

    588    def to_s(self) -> str:
    589        """
    590        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
    591        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
    592        """
    593        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)

Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.

def sql( self, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> str: View Source

    595    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
    596        """
    597        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
    598
    599        Args:
    600            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
    601            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
    602
    603        Returns:
    604            The SQL string.
    605        """
    606        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
    607
    608        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)

Returns SQL string representation of this tree.

###### Arguments:

- dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
- opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.

###### Returns:

> The SQL string.

def transform( self, fun: Callable, *args: Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression: View Source

    610    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    611        """
    612        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
    613        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
    614
    615        Args:
    616            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
    617                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
    618                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
    619            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
    620                modified in place.
    621
    622        Returns:
    623            The transformed tree.
    624        """
    625        root = None
    626        new_node = None
    627
    628        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
    629            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
    630            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
    631
    632            if not root:
    633                root = new_node
    634            elif new_node is not node:
    635                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
    636
    637        assert root
    638        return root.assert_is(Expression)

Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones) and applies the given transformation function to each node.

###### Arguments:

- fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
- copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is modified in place.

###### Returns:

> The transformed tree.

def replace(self, expression): View Source

    646    def replace(self, expression):
    647        """
    648        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
    649
    650        For example::
    651
    652            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
    653            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
    654            Column(
    655              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
    656            >>> tree.sql()
    657            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
    658
    659        Args:
    660            expression: new node
    661
    662        Returns:
    663            The new expression or expressions.
    664        """
    665        parent = self.parent
    666
    667        if not parent or parent is expression:
    668            return expression
    669
    670        key = self.arg_key
    671        value = parent.args.get(key)
    672
    673        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
    674            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
    675            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
    676            value.parent.replace(expression)
    677        else:
    678            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
    679
    680        if expression is not self:
    681            self.parent = None
    682            self.arg_key = None
    683            self.index = None
    684
    685        return expression

Swap out this expression with a new expression.

For example::

    >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
    >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
    Column(
      this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
    >>> tree.sql()
    'SELECT y FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- expression: new node

###### Returns:

> The new expression or expressions.

def pop(self: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    687    def pop(self: E) -> E:
    688        """
    689        Remove this expression from its AST.
    690
    691        Returns:
    692            The popped expression.
    693        """
    694        self.replace(None)
    695        return self

Remove this expression from its AST.

###### Returns:

> The popped expression.

def assert_is(self, type_: Type[~E]) -> ~E: View Source

    697    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
    698        """
    699        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
    700
    701        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
    702        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
    703
    704        Examples:
    705            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
    706
    707            >>> import sqlglot
    708            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
    709            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
    710        """
    711        if not isinstance(self, type_):
    712            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
    713        return self

Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.

If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error. Otherwise, this returns this expression.

###### Examples:

> This is useful for type security in chained expressions:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
>     'SELECT x, z FROM y'

def error_messages(self, args: Optional[Sequence] = None) -> List[str]: View Source

    715    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
    716        """
    717        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
    718
    719        Args:
    720            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
    721                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
    722
    723        Returns:
    724            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
    725        """
    726        errors: t.List[str] = []
    727
    728        for k in self.args:
    729            if k not in self.arg_types:
    730                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
    731        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
    732            v = self.args.get(k)
    733            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
    734                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
    735
    736        if (
    737            args
    738            and isinstance(self, Func)
    739            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
    740            and not self.is_var_len_args
    741        ):
    742            errors.append(
    743                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
    744                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
    745            )
    746
    747        return errors

Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).

###### Arguments:

- args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.

###### Returns:

> A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.

def dump(self): View Source

    749    def dump(self):
    750        """
    751        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
    752        """
    753        from sqlglot.serde import dump
    754
    755        return dump(self)

Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.

@classmethod
def load(cls, obj): View Source

    757    @classmethod
    758    def load(cls, obj):
    759        """
    760        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
    761        """
    762        from sqlglot.serde import load
    763
    764        return load(obj)

Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.

def and_( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    766    def and_(
    767        self,
    768        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    769        dialect: DialectType = None,
    770        copy: bool = True,
    771        **opts,
    772    ) -> Condition:
    773        """
    774        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
    775
    776        Example:
    777            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
    778            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
    779
    780        Args:
    781            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    782                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    783            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    784            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
    785            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    786
    787        Returns:
    788            The new And condition.
    789        """
    790        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)

AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
>     'x = 1 AND y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new And condition.

def or_( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    792    def or_(
    793        self,
    794        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    795        dialect: DialectType = None,
    796        copy: bool = True,
    797        **opts,
    798    ) -> Condition:
    799        """
    800        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
    801
    802        Example:
    803            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
    804            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
    805
    806        Args:
    807            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    808                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    809            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    810            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
    811            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    812
    813        Returns:
    814            The new Or condition.
    815        """
    816        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)

OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
>     'x = 1 OR y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Or condition.

def not_(self, copy: bool = True): View Source

    818    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
    819        """
    820        Wrap this condition with NOT.
    821
    822        Example:
    823            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
    824            'NOT x = 1'
    825
    826        Args:
    827            copy: whether to copy this object.
    828
    829        Returns:
    830            The new Not instance.
    831        """
    832        return not_(self, copy=copy)

Wrap this condition with NOT.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
>     'NOT x = 1'

###### Arguments:

- copy: whether to copy this object.

###### Returns:

> The new Not instance.

def as_( self, alias: str | Identifier, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Alias: View Source

    834    def as_(
    835        self,
    836        alias: str | Identifier,
    837        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    838        dialect: DialectType = None,
    839        copy: bool = True,
    840        **opts,
    841    ) -> Alias:
    842        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)

def isin( self, *expressions: Any, query: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, unnest: Union[str, Expression, NoneType, Collection[Union[str, Expression]]] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> In: View Source

    867    def isin(
    868        self,
    869        *expressions: t.Any,
    870        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    871        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    872        copy: bool = True,
    873        **opts,
    874    ) -> In:
    875        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
    876        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
    877            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
    878
    879        return In(
    880            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    881            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    882            query=subquery,
    883            unnest=(
    884                Unnest(
    885                    expressions=[
    886                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    887                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    888                    ]
    889                )
    890                if unnest
    891                else None
    892            ),
    893        )

def between( self, low: Any, high: Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between: View Source

    895    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
    896        return Between(
    897            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    898            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
    899            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
    900        )

def is_( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> Is: View Source

    902    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
    903        return self._binop(Is, other)

def like( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> Like: View Source

    905    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
    906        return self._binop(Like, other)

def ilike( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> ILike: View Source

    908    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
    909        return self._binop(ILike, other)

def eq(self, other: Any) -> EQ: View Source

    911    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
    912        return self._binop(EQ, other)

def neq(self, other: Any) -> NEQ: View Source

    914    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
    915        return self._binop(NEQ, other)

def rlike( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> RegexpLike: View Source

    917    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
    918        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)

def div( self, other: Union[str, Expression], typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div: View Source

    920    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
    921        div = self._binop(Div, other)
    922        div.args["typed"] = typed
    923        div.args["safe"] = safe
    924        return div

def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered: View Source

    926    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
    927        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)

def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered: View Source

    929    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
    930        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)

IntoType = typing.Union[str, typing.Type[Expression], typing.Collection[typing.Union[str, typing.Type[Expression]]]]
ExpOrStr = typing.Union[str, Expression]
class Condition(Expression): View Source

    1013class Condition(Expression):
    1014    """Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x"""

Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x

key = 'condition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Predicate(Condition): View Source

    1017class Predicate(Condition):
    1018    """Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y."""

Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y.

key = 'predicate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DerivedTable(Expression): View Source

    1021class DerivedTable(Expression):
    1022    @property
    1023    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1024        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []
    1025
    1026    @property
    1027    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1028        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1022    @property
    1023    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1024        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1026    @property
    1027    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1028        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]

key = 'derivedtable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Query(Expression): View Source

    1031class Query(Expression):
    1032    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1033        """
    1034        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1035
    1036        Example:
    1037            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1038            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1039            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1040
    1041        Args:
    1042            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1043            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1044        """
    1045        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1046        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1047            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1048
    1049        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)
    1050
    1051    def limit(
    1052        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1053    ) -> Q:
    1054        """
    1055        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1056
    1057        Example:
    1058            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1059            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1060
    1061        Args:
    1062            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1063                This can also be an integer.
    1064                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1065                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1066            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1067            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1068            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1069
    1070        Returns:
    1071            A limited Select expression.
    1072        """
    1073        return _apply_builder(
    1074            expression=expression,
    1075            instance=self,
    1076            arg="limit",
    1077            into=Limit,
    1078            prefix="LIMIT",
    1079            dialect=dialect,
    1080            copy=copy,
    1081            into_arg="expression",
    1082            **opts,
    1083        )
    1084
    1085    def offset(
    1086        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1087    ) -> Q:
    1088        """
    1089        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1090
    1091        Example:
    1092            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1093            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1094
    1095        Args:
    1096            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1097                This can also be an integer.
    1098                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1099                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1100            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1101            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1102            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1103
    1104        Returns:
    1105            The modified Select expression.
    1106        """
    1107        return _apply_builder(
    1108            expression=expression,
    1109            instance=self,
    1110            arg="offset",
    1111            into=Offset,
    1112            prefix="OFFSET",
    1113            dialect=dialect,
    1114            copy=copy,
    1115            into_arg="expression",
    1116            **opts,
    1117        )
    1118
    1119    def order_by(
    1120        self: Q,
    1121        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1122        append: bool = True,
    1123        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1124        copy: bool = True,
    1125        **opts,
    1126    ) -> Q:
    1127        """
    1128        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1129
    1130        Example:
    1131            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1132            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1133
    1134        Args:
    1135            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1136                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1137                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1138            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1139                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1140            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1141            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1142            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1143
    1144        Returns:
    1145            The modified Select expression.
    1146        """
    1147        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1148            *expressions,
    1149            instance=self,
    1150            arg="order",
    1151            append=append,
    1152            copy=copy,
    1153            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1154            into=Order,
    1155            dialect=dialect,
    1156            **opts,
    1157        )
    1158
    1159    @property
    1160    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1161        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1162        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1163        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1164
    1165    @property
    1166    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1167        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1168        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")
    1169
    1170    @property
    1171    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1172        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1173        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")
    1174
    1175    def select(
    1176        self: Q,
    1177        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1178        append: bool = True,
    1179        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1180        copy: bool = True,
    1181        **opts,
    1182    ) -> Q:
    1183        """
    1184        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1185
    1186        Example:
    1187            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1188            'SELECT x, y'
    1189
    1190        Args:
    1191            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1192                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1193            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1194                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1195            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1196            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1197            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1198
    1199        Returns:
    1200            The modified Query expression.
    1201        """
    1202        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")
    1203
    1204    def with_(
    1205        self: Q,
    1206        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1207        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1208        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1209        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1210        append: bool = True,
    1211        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1212        copy: bool = True,
    1213        **opts,
    1214    ) -> Q:
    1215        """
    1216        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1217
    1218        Example:
    1219            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1220            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1221
    1222        Args:
    1223            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1224                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1225            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1226                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1227            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1228            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    1229            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1230                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1231            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1232            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1233            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1234
    1235        Returns:
    1236            The modified expression.
    1237        """
    1238        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1239            self,
    1240            alias,
    1241            as_,
    1242            recursive=recursive,
    1243            materialized=materialized,
    1244            append=append,
    1245            dialect=dialect,
    1246            copy=copy,
    1247            **opts,
    1248        )
    1249
    1250    def union(
    1251        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1252    ) -> Union:
    1253        """
    1254        Builds a UNION expression.
    1255
    1256        Example:
    1257            >>> import sqlglot
    1258            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1259            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1260
    1261        Args:
    1262            expression: the SQL code string.
    1263                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1264            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1265            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1266            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1267
    1268        Returns:
    1269            The new Union expression.
    1270        """
    1271        return union(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1272
    1273    def intersect(
    1274        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1275    ) -> Intersect:
    1276        """
    1277        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1278
    1279        Example:
    1280            >>> import sqlglot
    1281            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1282            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1283
    1284        Args:
    1285            expression: the SQL code string.
    1286                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1287            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1288            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1289            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1290
    1291        Returns:
    1292            The new Intersect expression.
    1293        """
    1294        return intersect(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1295
    1296    def except_(
    1297        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1298    ) -> Except:
    1299        """
    1300        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1301
    1302        Example:
    1303            >>> import sqlglot
    1304            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1305            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1306
    1307        Args:
    1308            expression: the SQL code string.
    1309                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1310            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1311            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1312            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1313
    1314        Returns:
    1315            The new Except expression.
    1316        """
    1317        return except_(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

def subquery( self, alias: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery: View Source

    1032    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1033        """
    1034        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1035
    1036        Example:
    1037            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1038            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1039            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1040
    1041        Args:
    1042            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1043            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1044        """
    1045        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1046        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1047            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1048
    1049        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)

Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.

###### Example:

>     >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
>     >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'

###### Arguments:

- alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

def limit( self: ~Q, expression: Union[str, Expression, int], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1051    def limit(
    1052        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1053    ) -> Q:
    1054        """
    1055        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1056
    1057        Example:
    1058            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1059            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1060
    1061        Args:
    1062            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1063                This can also be an integer.
    1064                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1065                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1066            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1067            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1068            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1069
    1070        Returns:
    1071            A limited Select expression.
    1072        """
    1073        return _apply_builder(
    1074            expression=expression,
    1075            instance=self,
    1076            arg="limit",
    1077            into=Limit,
    1078            prefix="LIMIT",
    1079            dialect=dialect,
    1080            copy=copy,
    1081            into_arg="expression",
    1082            **opts,
    1083        )

Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.

###### Example:

>     >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
>     'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. This can also be an integer. If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> A limited Select expression.

def offset( self: ~Q, expression: Union[str, Expression, int], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1085    def offset(
    1086        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1087    ) -> Q:
    1088        """
    1089        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1090
    1091        Example:
    1092            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1093            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1094
    1095        Args:
    1096            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1097                This can also be an integer.
    1098                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1099                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1100            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1101            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1102            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1103
    1104        Returns:
    1105            The modified Select expression.
    1106        """
    1107        return _apply_builder(
    1108            expression=expression,
    1109            instance=self,
    1110            arg="offset",
    1111            into=Offset,
    1112            prefix="OFFSET",
    1113            dialect=dialect,
    1114            copy=copy,
    1115            into_arg="expression",
    1116            **opts,
    1117        )

Set the OFFSET expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. This can also be an integer. If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def order_by( self: ~Q, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1119    def order_by(
    1120        self: Q,
    1121        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1122        append: bool = True,
    1123        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1124        copy: bool = True,
    1125        **opts,
    1126    ) -> Q:
    1127        """
    1128        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1129
    1130        Example:
    1131            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1132            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1133
    1134        Args:
    1135            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1136                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1137                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1138            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1139                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1140            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1141            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1142            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1143
    1144        Returns:
    1145            The modified Select expression.
    1146        """
    1147        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1148            *expressions,
    1149            instance=self,
    1150            arg="order",
    1151            append=append,
    1152            copy=copy,
    1153            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1154            into=Order,
    1155            dialect=dialect,
    1156            **opts,
    1157        )

Set the ORDER BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

ctes: List[CTE] View Source

    1159    @property
    1160    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1161        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1162        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1163        return with_.expressions if with_ else []

Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1165    @property
    1166    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1167        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1168        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")

Returns the query's projections.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1170    @property
    1171    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1172        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1173        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

def select( self: ~Q, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1175    def select(
    1176        self: Q,
    1177        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1178        append: bool = True,
    1179        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1180        copy: bool = True,
    1181        **opts,
    1182    ) -> Q:
    1183        """
    1184        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1185
    1186        Example:
    1187            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1188            'SELECT x, y'
    1189
    1190        Args:
    1191            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1192                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1193            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1194                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1195            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1196            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1197            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1198
    1199        Returns:
    1200            The modified Query expression.
    1201        """
    1202        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

def with_( self: ~Q, alias: Union[str, Expression], as_: Union[str, Expression], recursive: Optional[bool] = None, materialized: Optional[bool] = None, append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1204    def with_(
    1205        self: Q,
    1206        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1207        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1208        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1209        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1210        append: bool = True,
    1211        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1212        copy: bool = True,
    1213        **opts,
    1214    ) -> Q:
    1215        """
    1216        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1217
    1218        Example:
    1219            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1220            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1221
    1222        Args:
    1223            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1224                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1225            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1226                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1227            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1228            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    1229            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1230                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1231            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1232            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1233            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1234
    1235        Returns:
    1236            The modified expression.
    1237        """
    1238        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1239            self,
    1240            alias,
    1241            as_,
    1242            recursive=recursive,
    1243            materialized=materialized,
    1244            append=append,
    1245            dialect=dialect,
    1246            copy=copy,
    1247            **opts,
    1248        )

Append to or set the common table expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
>     'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'

###### Arguments:

- alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
- materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

def union( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Union: View Source

    1250    def union(
    1251        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1252    ) -> Union:
    1253        """
    1254        Builds a UNION expression.
    1255
    1256        Example:
    1257            >>> import sqlglot
    1258            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1259            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1260
    1261        Args:
    1262            expression: the SQL code string.
    1263                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1264            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1265            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1266            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1267
    1268        Returns:
    1269            The new Union expression.
    1270        """
    1271        return union(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds a UNION expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Union expression.

def intersect( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Intersect: View Source

    1273    def intersect(
    1274        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1275    ) -> Intersect:
    1276        """
    1277        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1278
    1279        Example:
    1280            >>> import sqlglot
    1281            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1282            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1283
    1284        Args:
    1285            expression: the SQL code string.
    1286                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1287            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1288            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1289            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1290
    1291        Returns:
    1292            The new Intersect expression.
    1293        """
    1294        return intersect(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds an INTERSECT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Intersect expression.

def except_( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Except: View Source

    1296    def except_(
    1297        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1298    ) -> Except:
    1299        """
    1300        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1301
    1302        Example:
    1303            >>> import sqlglot
    1304            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1305            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1306
    1307        Args:
    1308            expression: the SQL code string.
    1309                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1310            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1311            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1312            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1313
    1314        Returns:
    1315            The new Except expression.
    1316        """
    1317        return except_(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds an EXCEPT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Except expression.

key = 'query'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class UDTF(DerivedTable): View Source

    1320class UDTF(DerivedTable):
    1321    @property
    1322    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1323        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1324        return alias.columns if alias else []

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1321    @property
    1322    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1323        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1324        return alias.columns if alias else []

key = 'udtf'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Cache(Expression): View Source

    1327class Cache(Expression):
    1328    arg_types = {
    1329        "this": True,
    1330        "lazy": False,
    1331        "options": False,
    1332        "expression": False,
    1333    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'lazy': False, 'options': False, 'expression': False}
key = 'cache'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Uncache(Expression): View Source

    1336class Uncache(Expression):
    1337    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'uncache'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Refresh(Expression): View Source

    1340class Refresh(Expression):
    1341    pass

key = 'refresh'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  div
  asc
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class DDL(Expression): View Source

    1344class DDL(Expression):
    1345    @property
    1346    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1347        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1348        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1349        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1350
    1351    @property
    1352    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1353        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1354        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1355
    1356    @property
    1357    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1358        """
    1359        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1360        names of the query's projections.
    1361        """
    1362        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

ctes: List[CTE] View Source

    1345    @property
    1346    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1347        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1348        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1349        return with_.expressions if with_ else []

Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1351    @property
    1352    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1353        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1354        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1356    @property
    1357    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1358        """
    1359        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1360        names of the query's projections.
    1361        """
    1362        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output names of the query's projections.

key = 'ddl'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class DML(Expression): View Source

    1365class DML(Expression):
    1366    def returning(
    1367        self,
    1368        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1369        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1370        copy: bool = True,
    1371        **opts,
    1372    ) -> "Self":
    1373        """
    1374        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1375
    1376        Example:
    1377            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1378            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1379
    1380        Args:
    1381            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1382                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1383            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1384            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1385            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1386
    1387        Returns:
    1388            Delete: the modified expression.
    1389        """
    1390        return _apply_builder(
    1391            expression=expression,
    1392            instance=self,
    1393            arg="returning",
    1394            prefix="RETURNING",
    1395            dialect=dialect,
    1396            copy=copy,
    1397            into=Returning,
    1398            **opts,
    1399        )

def returning( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> typing_extensions.Self: View Source

    1366    def returning(
    1367        self,
    1368        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1369        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1370        copy: bool = True,
    1371        **opts,
    1372    ) -> "Self":
    1373        """
    1374        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1375
    1376        Example:
    1377            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1378            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1379
    1380        Args:
    1381            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1382                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1383            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1384            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1385            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1386
    1387        Returns:
    1388            Delete: the modified expression.
    1389        """
    1390        return _apply_builder(
    1391            expression=expression,
    1392            instance=self,
    1393            arg="returning",
    1394            prefix="RETURNING",
    1395            dialect=dialect,
    1396            copy=copy,
    1397            into=Returning,
    1398            **opts,
    1399        )

Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

key = 'dml'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  div
  asc
  desc

class Create(DDL): View Source

    1402class Create(DDL):
    1403    arg_types = {
    1404        "with": False,
    1405        "this": True,
    1406        "kind": True,
    1407        "expression": False,
    1408        "exists": False,
    1409        "properties": False,
    1410        "replace": False,
    1411        "refresh": False,
    1412        "unique": False,
    1413        "indexes": False,
    1414        "no_schema_binding": False,
    1415        "begin": False,
    1416        "end": False,
    1417        "clone": False,
    1418        "concurrently": False,
    1419        "clustered": False,
    1420    }
    1421
    1422    @property
    1423    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1424        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1425        return kind and kind.upper()

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': False, 'exists': False, 'properties': False, 'replace': False, 'refresh': False, 'unique': False, 'indexes': False, 'no_schema_binding': False, 'begin': False, 'end': False, 'clone': False, 'concurrently': False, 'clustered': False}
kind: Optional[str] View Source

    1422    @property
    1423    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1424        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1425        return kind and kind.upper()

key = 'create'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  asc
  desc
DDL
  ctes
  selects
  named_selects

class SequenceProperties(Expression): View Source

    1428class SequenceProperties(Expression):
    1429    arg_types = {
    1430        "increment": False,
    1431        "minvalue": False,
    1432        "maxvalue": False,
    1433        "cache": False,
    1434        "start": False,
    1435        "owned": False,
    1436        "options": False,
    1437    }

arg_types = {'increment': False, 'minvalue': False, 'maxvalue': False, 'cache': False, 'start': False, 'owned': False, 'options': False}
key = 'sequenceproperties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class TruncateTable(Expression): View Source

    1440class TruncateTable(Expression):
    1441    arg_types = {
    1442        "expressions": True,
    1443        "is_database": False,
    1444        "exists": False,
    1445        "only": False,
    1446        "cluster": False,
    1447        "identity": False,
    1448        "option": False,
    1449        "partition": False,
    1450    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'is_database': False, 'exists': False, 'only': False, 'cluster': False, 'identity': False, 'option': False, 'partition': False}
key = 'truncatetable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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class Clone(Expression): View Source

    1456class Clone(Expression):
    1457    arg_types = {"this": True, "shallow": False, "copy": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'shallow': False, 'copy': False}
key = 'clone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Describe(Expression): View Source

    1460class Describe(Expression):
    1461    arg_types = {
    1462        "this": True,
    1463        "style": False,
    1464        "kind": False,
    1465        "expressions": False,
    1466        "partition": False,
    1467    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'style': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False, 'partition': False}
key = 'describe'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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class Summarize(Expression): View Source

    1471class Summarize(Expression):
    1472    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'table': False}
key = 'summarize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Kill(Expression): View Source

    1475class Kill(Expression):
    1476    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'kill'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Pragma(Expression): View Source

    1479class Pragma(Expression):
    1480    pass

key = 'pragma'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Declare(Expression): View Source

    1483class Declare(Expression):
    1484    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'declare'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DeclareItem(Expression): View Source

    1487class DeclareItem(Expression):
    1488    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'default': False}
key = 'declareitem'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Set(Expression): View Source

    1491class Set(Expression):
    1492    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "unset": False, "tag": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'unset': False, 'tag': False}
key = 'set'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Heredoc(Expression): View Source

    1495class Heredoc(Expression):
    1496    arg_types = {"this": True, "tag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'tag': False}
key = 'heredoc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SetItem(Expression): View Source

    1499class SetItem(Expression):
    1500    arg_types = {
    1501        "this": False,
    1502        "expressions": False,
    1503        "kind": False,
    1504        "collate": False,  # MySQL SET NAMES statement
    1505        "global": False,
    1506    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'kind': False, 'collate': False, 'global': False}
key = 'setitem'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Show(Expression): View Source

    1509class Show(Expression):
    1510    arg_types = {
    1511        "this": True,
    1512        "history": False,
    1513        "terse": False,
    1514        "target": False,
    1515        "offset": False,
    1516        "starts_with": False,
    1517        "limit": False,
    1518        "from": False,
    1519        "like": False,
    1520        "where": False,
    1521        "db": False,
    1522        "scope": False,
    1523        "scope_kind": False,
    1524        "full": False,
    1525        "mutex": False,
    1526        "query": False,
    1527        "channel": False,
    1528        "global": False,
    1529        "log": False,
    1530        "position": False,
    1531        "types": False,
    1532    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'history': False, 'terse': False, 'target': False, 'offset': False, 'starts_with': False, 'limit': False, 'from': False, 'like': False, 'where': False, 'db': False, 'scope': False, 'scope_kind': False, 'full': False, 'mutex': False, 'query': False, 'channel': False, 'global': False, 'log': False, 'position': False, 'types': False}
key = 'show'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
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class UserDefinedFunction(Expression): View Source

    1535class UserDefinedFunction(Expression):
    1536    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "wrapped": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'wrapped': False}
key = 'userdefinedfunction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class CharacterSet(Expression): View Source

    1539class CharacterSet(Expression):
    1540    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': False}
key = 'characterset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class With(Expression): View Source

    1543class With(Expression):
    1544    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "recursive": False}
    1545
    1546    @property
    1547    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1548        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'recursive': False}
recursive: bool View Source

    1546    @property
    1547    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1548        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))

key = 'with'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WithinGroup(Expression): View Source

    1551class WithinGroup(Expression):
    1552    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'withingroup'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
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class CTE(DerivedTable): View Source

    1557class CTE(DerivedTable):
    1558    arg_types = {
    1559        "this": True,
    1560        "alias": True,
    1561        "scalar": False,
    1562        "materialized": False,
    1563    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': True, 'scalar': False, 'materialized': False}
key = 'cte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DerivedTable
  selects
  named_selects

class ProjectionDef(Expression): View Source

    1566class ProjectionDef(Expression):
    1567    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'projectiondef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TableAlias(Expression): View Source

    1570class TableAlias(Expression):
    1571    arg_types = {"this": False, "columns": False}
    1572
    1573    @property
    1574    def columns(self):
    1575        return self.args.get("columns") or []

arg_types = {'this': False, 'columns': False}
columns View Source

    1573    @property
    1574    def columns(self):
    1575        return self.args.get("columns") or []

key = 'tablealias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class BitString(Condition): View Source

    1578class BitString(Condition):
    1579    pass

key = 'bitstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class HexString(Condition): View Source

    1582class HexString(Condition):
    1583    pass

key = 'hexstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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class ByteString(Condition): View Source

    1586class ByteString(Condition):
    1587    pass

key = 'bytestring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RawString(Condition): View Source

    1590class RawString(Condition):
    1591    pass

key = 'rawstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class UnicodeString(Condition): View Source

    1594class UnicodeString(Condition):
    1595    arg_types = {"this": True, "escape": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'escape': False}
key = 'unicodestring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Column(Condition): View Source

    1598class Column(Condition):
    1599    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False, "db": False, "catalog": False, "join_mark": False}
    1600
    1601    @property
    1602    def table(self) -> str:
    1603        return self.text("table")
    1604
    1605    @property
    1606    def db(self) -> str:
    1607        return self.text("db")
    1608
    1609    @property
    1610    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1611        return self.text("catalog")
    1612
    1613    @property
    1614    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1615        return self.name
    1616
    1617    @property
    1618    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1619        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1620        return [
    1621            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1622            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1623            if self.args.get(part)
    1624        ]
    1625
    1626    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1627        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1628        parts = self.parts
    1629        parent = self.parent
    1630
    1631        while parent:
    1632            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1633                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1634            parent = parent.parent
    1635
    1636        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'table': False, 'db': False, 'catalog': False, 'join_mark': False}
table: str View Source

    1601    @property
    1602    def table(self) -> str:
    1603        return self.text("table")

db: str View Source

    1605    @property
    1606    def db(self) -> str:
    1607        return self.text("db")

catalog: str View Source

    1609    @property
    1610    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1611        return self.text("catalog")

output_name: str View Source

    1613    @property
    1614    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1615        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

parts: List[Identifier] View Source

    1617    @property
    1618    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1619        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1620        return [
    1621            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1622            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1623            if self.args.get(part)
    1624        ]

Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name.

def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier: View Source

    1626    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1627        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1628        parts = self.parts
    1629        parent = self.parent
    1630
    1631        while parent:
    1632            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1633                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1634            parent = parent.parent
    1635
    1636        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]

Converts the column into a dot expression.

key = 'column'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ColumnPosition(Expression): View Source

    1639class ColumnPosition(Expression):
    1640    arg_types = {"this": False, "position": True}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'position': True}
key = 'columnposition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  rlike
  div
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class ColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    1643class ColumnDef(Expression):
    1644    arg_types = {
    1645        "this": True,
    1646        "kind": False,
    1647        "constraints": False,
    1648        "exists": False,
    1649        "position": False,
    1650    }
    1651
    1652    @property
    1653    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1654        return self.args.get("constraints") or []
    1655
    1656    @property
    1657    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1658        return self.args.get("kind")

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False, 'constraints': False, 'exists': False, 'position': False}
constraints: List[ColumnConstraint] View Source

    1652    @property
    1653    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1654        return self.args.get("constraints") or []

kind: Optional[DataType] View Source

    1656    @property
    1657    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1658        return self.args.get("kind")

key = 'columndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  rlike
  div
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  desc

class AlterColumn(Expression): View Source

    1661class AlterColumn(Expression):
    1662    arg_types = {
    1663        "this": True,
    1664        "dtype": False,
    1665        "collate": False,
    1666        "using": False,
    1667        "default": False,
    1668        "drop": False,
    1669        "comment": False,
    1670        "allow_null": False,
    1671    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'dtype': False, 'collate': False, 'using': False, 'default': False, 'drop': False, 'comment': False, 'allow_null': False}
key = 'altercolumn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterDistStyle(Expression): View Source

    1675class AlterDistStyle(Expression):
    1676    pass

key = 'alterdiststyle'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterSortKey(Expression): View Source

    1679class AlterSortKey(Expression):
    1680    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "compound": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'compound': False}
key = 'altersortkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterSet(Expression): View Source

    1683class AlterSet(Expression):
    1684    arg_types = {
    1685        "expressions": False,
    1686        "option": False,
    1687        "tablespace": False,
    1688        "access_method": False,
    1689        "file_format": False,
    1690        "copy_options": False,
    1691        "tag": False,
    1692        "location": False,
    1693        "serde": False,
    1694    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'option': False, 'tablespace': False, 'access_method': False, 'file_format': False, 'copy_options': False, 'tag': False, 'location': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'alterset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RenameColumn(Expression): View Source

    1697class RenameColumn(Expression):
    1698    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'renamecolumn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RenameTable(Expression): View Source

    1701class RenameTable(Expression):
    1702    pass

key = 'renametable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SwapTable(Expression): View Source

    1705class SwapTable(Expression):
    1706    pass

key = 'swaptable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Comment(Expression): View Source

    1709class Comment(Expression):
    1710    arg_types = {
    1711        "this": True,
    1712        "kind": True,
    1713        "expression": True,
    1714        "exists": False,
    1715        "materialized": False,
    1716    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': True, 'exists': False, 'materialized': False}
key = 'comment'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
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class Comprehension(Expression): View Source

    1719class Comprehension(Expression):
    1720    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "iterator": True, "condition": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'iterator': True, 'condition': False}
key = 'comprehension'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression): View Source

    1724class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression):
    1725    arg_types = {
    1726        "this": True,
    1727        "delete": False,
    1728        "recompress": False,
    1729        "to_disk": False,
    1730        "to_volume": False,
    1731    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'delete': False, 'recompress': False, 'to_disk': False, 'to_volume': False}
key = 'mergetreettlaction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class MergeTreeTTL(Expression): View Source

    1735class MergeTreeTTL(Expression):
    1736    arg_types = {
    1737        "expressions": True,
    1738        "where": False,
    1739        "group": False,
    1740        "aggregates": False,
    1741    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'aggregates': False}
key = 'mergetreettl'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
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  pop
  assert_is
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class IndexConstraintOption(Expression): View Source

    1745class IndexConstraintOption(Expression):
    1746    arg_types = {
    1747        "key_block_size": False,
    1748        "using": False,
    1749        "parser": False,
    1750        "comment": False,
    1751        "visible": False,
    1752        "engine_attr": False,
    1753        "secondary_engine_attr": False,
    1754    }

arg_types = {'key_block_size': False, 'using': False, 'parser': False, 'comment': False, 'visible': False, 'engine_attr': False, 'secondary_engine_attr': False}
key = 'indexconstraintoption'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
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  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class ColumnConstraint(Expression): View Source

    1757class ColumnConstraint(Expression):
    1758    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": True}
    1759
    1760    @property
    1761    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1762        return self.args["kind"]

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': True}
kind: ColumnConstraintKind View Source

    1760    @property
    1761    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1762        return self.args["kind"]

key = 'columnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression): View Source

    1765class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression):
    1766    pass

key = 'columnconstraintkind'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1769class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1770    pass

key = 'autoincrementcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
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class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1773class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1774    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'periodforsystemtimeconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  unnest_operands
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class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1777class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1778    arg_types = {"not_": True}

arg_types = {'not_': True}
key = 'casespecificcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  pop
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class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1781class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1782    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'charactersetcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1785class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1786    arg_types = {"this": True, "enforced": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'enforced': False}
key = 'checkcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
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  pop
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class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1789class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1790    pass

key = 'clusteredcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
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class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1793class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1794    pass

key = 'collatecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  load
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class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1797class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1798    pass

key = 'commentcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1801class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1802    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'compresscolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1805class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1806    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'dateformatcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  pop
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class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1809class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1810    pass

key = 'defaultcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1813class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1814    pass

key = 'encodecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  unnest_operands
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class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1818class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1819    pass

key = 'excludecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1822class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1823    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'ephemeralcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class WithOperator(Expression): View Source

    1826class WithOperator(Expression):
    1827    arg_types = {"this": True, "op": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'op': True}
key = 'withoperator'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
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class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1830class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1831    # this: True -> ALWAYS, this: False -> BY DEFAULT
    1832    arg_types = {
    1833        "this": False,
    1834        "expression": False,
    1835        "on_null": False,
    1836        "start": False,
    1837        "increment": False,
    1838        "minvalue": False,
    1839        "maxvalue": False,
    1840        "cycle": False,
    1841    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'on_null': False, 'start': False, 'increment': False, 'minvalue': False, 'maxvalue': False, 'cycle': False}
key = 'generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias_column_names
  name
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  output_name
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class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1844class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1845    arg_types = {"start": False, "hidden": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'hidden': False}
key = 'generatedasrowcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
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  set
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class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1850class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1851    arg_types = {
    1852        "this": False,
    1853        "expressions": False,
    1854        "kind": False,
    1855        "index_type": False,
    1856        "options": False,
    1857        "expression": False,  # Clickhouse
    1858        "granularity": False,
    1859    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'kind': False, 'index_type': False, 'options': False, 'expression': False, 'granularity': False}
key = 'indexcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
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  is_leaf
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class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1862class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1863    pass

key = 'inlinelengthcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
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  copy
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class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1866class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1867    pass

key = 'nonclusteredcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
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  copy
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  depth
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class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1870class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1871    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'notforreplicationcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias_column_names
  name
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class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1875class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1876    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'maskingpolicycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias_column_names
  name
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  type
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class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1879class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1880    arg_types = {"allow_null": False}

arg_types = {'allow_null': False}
key = 'notnullcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
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class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1884class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1885    pass

key = 'onupdatecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
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class TagColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1889class TagColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1890    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'tagcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1894class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1895    pass

key = 'transformcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  alias
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  name
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  type
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  copy
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class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1898class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1899    arg_types = {"desc": False}

arg_types = {'desc': False}
key = 'primarykeycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
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  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1902class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1903    pass

key = 'titlecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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  name
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  output_name
  type
  is_type
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class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1906class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1907    arg_types = {"this": False, "index_type": False, "on_conflict": False, "nulls": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'index_type': False, 'on_conflict': False, 'nulls': False}
key = 'uniquecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1910class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1911    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}

arg_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
key = 'uppercasecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
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  copy
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class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1914class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1915    pass

key = 'pathcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
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  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
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  find
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class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1919class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1920    pass

key = 'projectionpolicycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
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  find
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class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1925class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1926    arg_types = {"this": True, "persisted": False, "not_null": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'persisted': False, 'not_null': False}
key = 'computedcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  desc

class Constraint(Expression): View Source

    1929class Constraint(Expression):
    1930    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'constraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Delete(DML): View Source

    1933class Delete(DML):
    1934    arg_types = {
    1935        "with": False,
    1936        "this": False,
    1937        "using": False,
    1938        "where": False,
    1939        "returning": False,
    1940        "limit": False,
    1941        "tables": False,  # Multiple-Table Syntax (MySQL)
    1942        "cluster": False,  # Clickhouse
    1943    }
    1944
    1945    def delete(
    1946        self,
    1947        table: ExpOrStr,
    1948        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1949        copy: bool = True,
    1950        **opts,
    1951    ) -> Delete:
    1952        """
    1953        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1954
    1955        Example:
    1956            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1957            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1958
    1959        Args:
    1960            table: the table from which to delete.
    1961            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1962            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1963            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1964
    1965        Returns:
    1966            Delete: the modified expression.
    1967        """
    1968        return _apply_builder(
    1969            expression=table,
    1970            instance=self,
    1971            arg="this",
    1972            dialect=dialect,
    1973            into=Table,
    1974            copy=copy,
    1975            **opts,
    1976        )
    1977
    1978    def where(
    1979        self,
    1980        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1981        append: bool = True,
    1982        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1983        copy: bool = True,
    1984        **opts,
    1985    ) -> Delete:
    1986        """
    1987        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    1988
    1989        Example:
    1990            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    1991            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    1992
    1993        Args:
    1994            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1995                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1996                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    1997            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    1998                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    1999            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2000            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2001            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2002
    2003        Returns:
    2004            Delete: the modified expression.
    2005        """
    2006        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2007            *expressions,
    2008            instance=self,
    2009            arg="where",
    2010            append=append,
    2011            into=Where,
    2012            dialect=dialect,
    2013            copy=copy,
    2014            **opts,
    2015        )

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': False, 'using': False, 'where': False, 'returning': False, 'limit': False, 'tables': False, 'cluster': False}
def delete( self, table: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    1945    def delete(
    1946        self,
    1947        table: ExpOrStr,
    1948        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1949        copy: bool = True,
    1950        **opts,
    1951    ) -> Delete:
    1952        """
    1953        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1954
    1955        Example:
    1956            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1957            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1958
    1959        Args:
    1960            table: the table from which to delete.
    1961            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1962            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1963            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1964
    1965        Returns:
    1966            Delete: the modified expression.
    1967        """
    1968        return _apply_builder(
    1969            expression=table,
    1970            instance=self,
    1971            arg="this",
    1972            dialect=dialect,
    1973            into=Table,
    1974            copy=copy,
    1975            **opts,
    1976        )

Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- table: the table from which to delete.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

def where( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    1978    def where(
    1979        self,
    1980        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1981        append: bool = True,
    1982        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1983        copy: bool = True,
    1984        **opts,
    1985    ) -> Delete:
    1986        """
    1987        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    1988
    1989        Example:
    1990            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    1991            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    1992
    1993        Args:
    1994            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1995                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1996                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    1997            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    1998                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    1999            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2000            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2001            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2002
    2003        Returns:
    2004            Delete: the modified expression.
    2005        """
    2006        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2007            *expressions,
    2008            instance=self,
    2009            arg="where",
    2010            append=append,
    2011            into=Where,
    2012            dialect=dialect,
    2013            copy=copy,
    2014            **opts,
    2015        )

Append to or set the WHERE expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
>     "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

key = 'delete'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DML
  returning

class Drop(Expression): View Source

    2018class Drop(Expression):
    2019    arg_types = {
    2020        "this": False,
    2021        "kind": False,
    2022        "expressions": False,
    2023        "exists": False,
    2024        "temporary": False,
    2025        "materialized": False,
    2026        "cascade": False,
    2027        "constraints": False,
    2028        "purge": False,
    2029        "cluster": False,
    2030        "concurrently": False,
    2031    }
    2032
    2033    @property
    2034    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    2035        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    2036        return kind and kind.upper()

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False, 'exists': False, 'temporary': False, 'materialized': False, 'cascade': False, 'constraints': False, 'purge': False, 'cluster': False, 'concurrently': False}
kind: Optional[str] View Source

    2033    @property
    2034    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    2035        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    2036        return kind and kind.upper()

key = 'drop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Filter(Expression): View Source

    2039class Filter(Expression):
    2040    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'filter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Check(Expression): View Source

    2043class Check(Expression):
    2044    pass

key = 'check'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Changes(Expression): View Source

    2047class Changes(Expression):
    2048    arg_types = {"information": True, "at_before": False, "end": False}

arg_types = {'information': True, 'at_before': False, 'end': False}
key = 'changes'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Connect(Expression): View Source

    2052class Connect(Expression):
    2053    arg_types = {"start": False, "connect": True, "nocycle": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'connect': True, 'nocycle': False}
key = 'connect'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class CopyParameter(Expression): View Source

    2056class CopyParameter(Expression):
    2057    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'copyparameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class Copy(DML): View Source

    2060class Copy(DML):
    2061    arg_types = {
    2062        "this": True,
    2063        "kind": True,
    2064        "files": True,
    2065        "credentials": False,
    2066        "format": False,
    2067        "params": False,
    2068    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'files': True, 'credentials': False, 'format': False, 'params': False}
key = 'copy'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DML
  returning

class Credentials(Expression): View Source

    2071class Credentials(Expression):
    2072    arg_types = {
    2073        "credentials": False,
    2074        "encryption": False,
    2075        "storage": False,
    2076        "iam_role": False,
    2077        "region": False,
    2078    }

arg_types = {'credentials': False, 'encryption': False, 'storage': False, 'iam_role': False, 'region': False}
key = 'credentials'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Prior(Expression): View Source

    2081class Prior(Expression):
    2082    pass

key = 'prior'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Directory(Expression): View Source

    2085class Directory(Expression):
    2086    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-preview/sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory-hive.html
    2087    arg_types = {"this": True, "local": False, "row_format": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'local': False, 'row_format': False}
key = 'directory'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ForeignKey(Expression): View Source

    2090class ForeignKey(Expression):
    2091    arg_types = {
    2092        "expressions": True,
    2093        "reference": False,
    2094        "delete": False,
    2095        "update": False,
    2096    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'reference': False, 'delete': False, 'update': False}
key = 'foreignkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ColumnPrefix(Expression): View Source

    2099class ColumnPrefix(Expression):
    2100    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'columnprefix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
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class PrimaryKey(Expression): View Source

    2103class PrimaryKey(Expression):
    2104    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "options": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'options': False}
key = 'primarykey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Into(Expression): View Source

    2109class Into(Expression):
    2110    arg_types = {"this": True, "temporary": False, "unlogged": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'temporary': False, 'unlogged': False}
key = 'into'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class From(Expression): View Source

    2113class From(Expression):
    2114    @property
    2115    def name(self) -> str:
    2116        return self.this.name
    2117
    2118    @property
    2119    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2120        return self.this.alias_or_name

name: str View Source

    2114    @property
    2115    def name(self) -> str:
    2116        return self.this.name

alias_or_name: str View Source

    2118    @property
    2119    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2120        return self.this.alias_or_name

key = 'from'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class Having(Expression): View Source

    2123class Having(Expression):
    2124    pass

key = 'having'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class Hint(Expression): View Source

    2127class Hint(Expression):
    2128    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'hint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class JoinHint(Expression): View Source

    2131class JoinHint(Expression):
    2132    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'joinhint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Identifier(Expression): View Source

    2135class Identifier(Expression):
    2136    arg_types = {"this": True, "quoted": False, "global": False, "temporary": False}
    2137
    2138    @property
    2139    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2140        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))
    2141
    2142    @property
    2143    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2144        return (self.this, self.quoted)
    2145
    2146    @property
    2147    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2148        return self.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quoted': False, 'global': False, 'temporary': False}
quoted: bool View Source

    2138    @property
    2139    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2140        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))

hashable_args: Any View Source

    2142    @property
    2143    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2144        return (self.this, self.quoted)

output_name: str View Source

    2146    @property
    2147    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2148        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'identifier'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  asc
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class Opclass(Expression): View Source

    2152class Opclass(Expression):
    2153    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'opclass'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Index(Expression): View Source

    2156class Index(Expression):
    2157    arg_types = {
    2158        "this": False,
    2159        "table": False,
    2160        "unique": False,
    2161        "primary": False,
    2162        "amp": False,  # teradata
    2163        "params": False,
    2164    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'table': False, 'unique': False, 'primary': False, 'amp': False, 'params': False}
key = 'index'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IndexParameters(Expression): View Source

    2167class IndexParameters(Expression):
    2168    arg_types = {
    2169        "using": False,
    2170        "include": False,
    2171        "columns": False,
    2172        "with_storage": False,
    2173        "partition_by": False,
    2174        "tablespace": False,
    2175        "where": False,
    2176        "on": False,
    2177    }

arg_types = {'using': False, 'include': False, 'columns': False, 'with_storage': False, 'partition_by': False, 'tablespace': False, 'where': False, 'on': False}
key = 'indexparameters'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Insert(DDL, DML): View Source

    2180class Insert(DDL, DML):
    2181    arg_types = {
    2182        "hint": False,
    2183        "with": False,
    2184        "is_function": False,
    2185        "this": False,
    2186        "expression": False,
    2187        "conflict": False,
    2188        "returning": False,
    2189        "overwrite": False,
    2190        "exists": False,
    2191        "alternative": False,
    2192        "where": False,
    2193        "ignore": False,
    2194        "by_name": False,
    2195        "stored": False,
    2196        "partition": False,
    2197        "settings": False,
    2198        "source": False,
    2199    }
    2200
    2201    def with_(
    2202        self,
    2203        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2204        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2205        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2206        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2207        append: bool = True,
    2208        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2209        copy: bool = True,
    2210        **opts,
    2211    ) -> Insert:
    2212        """
    2213        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2214
    2215        Example:
    2216            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2217            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2218
    2219        Args:
    2220            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2221                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2222            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2223                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2224            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2225            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    2226            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2227                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2228            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2229            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2230            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2231
    2232        Returns:
    2233            The modified expression.
    2234        """
    2235        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2236            self,
    2237            alias,
    2238            as_,
    2239            recursive=recursive,
    2240            materialized=materialized,
    2241            append=append,
    2242            dialect=dialect,
    2243            copy=copy,
    2244            **opts,
    2245        )

arg_types = {'hint': False, 'with': False, 'is_function': False, 'this': False, 'expression': False, 'conflict': False, 'returning': False, 'overwrite': False, 'exists': False, 'alternative': False, 'where': False, 'ignore': False, 'by_name': False, 'stored': False, 'partition': False, 'settings': False, 'source': False}
def with_( self, alias: Union[str, Expression], as_: Union[str, Expression], recursive: Optional[bool] = None, materialized: Optional[bool] = None, append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Insert: View Source

    2201    def with_(
    2202        self,
    2203        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2204        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2205        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2206        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2207        append: bool = True,
    2208        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2209        copy: bool = True,
    2210        **opts,
    2211    ) -> Insert:
    2212        """
    2213        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2214
    2215        Example:
    2216            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2217            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2218
    2219        Args:
    2220            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2221                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2222            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2223                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2224            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2225            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    2226            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2227                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2228            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2229            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2230            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2231
    2232        Returns:
    2233            The modified expression.
    2234        """
    2235        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2236            self,
    2237            alias,
    2238            as_,
    2239            recursive=recursive,
    2240            materialized=materialized,
    2241            append=append,
    2242            dialect=dialect,
    2243            copy=copy,
    2244            **opts,
    2245        )

Append to or set the common table expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
>     'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'

###### Arguments:

- alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
- materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

key = 'insert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DDL
  ctes
  selects
  named_selects
DML
  returning

class ConditionalInsert(Expression): View Source

    2248class ConditionalInsert(Expression):
    2249    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "else_": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'else_': False}
key = 'conditionalinsert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MultitableInserts(Expression): View Source

    2252class MultitableInserts(Expression):
    2253    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "kind": True, "source": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'kind': True, 'source': True}
key = 'multitableinserts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class OnConflict(Expression): View Source

    2256class OnConflict(Expression):
    2257    arg_types = {
    2258        "duplicate": False,
    2259        "expressions": False,
    2260        "action": False,
    2261        "conflict_keys": False,
    2262        "constraint": False,
    2263    }

arg_types = {'duplicate': False, 'expressions': False, 'action': False, 'conflict_keys': False, 'constraint': False}
key = 'onconflict'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  asc
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class OnCondition(Expression): View Source

    2266class OnCondition(Expression):
    2267    arg_types = {"error": False, "empty": False, "null": False}

arg_types = {'error': False, 'empty': False, 'null': False}
key = 'oncondition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
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class Returning(Expression): View Source

    2270class Returning(Expression):
    2271    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "into": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'into': False}
key = 'returning'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Introducer(Expression): View Source

    2275class Introducer(Expression):
    2276    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'introducer'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
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  desc

class National(Expression): View Source

    2280class National(Expression):
    2281    pass

key = 'national'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
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  desc

class LoadData(Expression): View Source

    2284class LoadData(Expression):
    2285    arg_types = {
    2286        "this": True,
    2287        "local": False,
    2288        "overwrite": False,
    2289        "inpath": True,
    2290        "partition": False,
    2291        "input_format": False,
    2292        "serde": False,
    2293    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'local': False, 'overwrite': False, 'inpath': True, 'partition': False, 'input_format': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'loaddata'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Partition(Expression): View Source

    2296class Partition(Expression):
    2297    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'partition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
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  desc

class PartitionRange(Expression): View Source

    2300class PartitionRange(Expression):
    2301    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'partitionrange'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  neq
  rlike
  div
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  desc

class PartitionId(Expression): View Source

    2305class PartitionId(Expression):
    2306    pass

key = 'partitionid'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
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  desc

class Fetch(Expression): View Source

    2309class Fetch(Expression):
    2310    arg_types = {
    2311        "direction": False,
    2312        "count": False,
    2313        "percent": False,
    2314        "with_ties": False,
    2315    }

arg_types = {'direction': False, 'count': False, 'percent': False, 'with_ties': False}
key = 'fetch'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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class Grant(Expression): View Source

    2318class Grant(Expression):
    2319    arg_types = {
    2320        "privileges": True,
    2321        "kind": False,
    2322        "securable": True,
    2323        "principals": True,
    2324        "grant_option": False,
    2325    }

arg_types = {'privileges': True, 'kind': False, 'securable': True, 'principals': True, 'grant_option': False}
key = 'grant'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
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class Group(Expression): View Source

    2328class Group(Expression):
    2329    arg_types = {
    2330        "expressions": False,
    2331        "grouping_sets": False,
    2332        "cube": False,
    2333        "rollup": False,
    2334        "totals": False,
    2335        "all": False,
    2336    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'grouping_sets': False, 'cube': False, 'rollup': False, 'totals': False, 'all': False}
key = 'group'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Cube(Expression): View Source

    2339class Cube(Expression):
    2340    arg_types = {"expressions": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
key = 'cube'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  neq
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  div
  asc
  desc

class Rollup(Expression): View Source

    2343class Rollup(Expression):
    2344    arg_types = {"expressions": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
key = 'rollup'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class GroupingSets(Expression): View Source

    2347class GroupingSets(Expression):
    2348    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'groupingsets'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Lambda(Expression): View Source

    2351class Lambda(Expression):
    2352    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'lambda'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Limit(Expression): View Source

    2355class Limit(Expression):
    2356    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "offset": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': True, 'offset': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'limit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class Literal(Condition): View Source

    2359class Literal(Condition):
    2360    arg_types = {"this": True, "is_string": True}
    2361
    2362    @property
    2363    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2364        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))
    2365
    2366    @classmethod
    2367    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2368        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)
    2369
    2370    @classmethod
    2371    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2372        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)
    2373
    2374    @property
    2375    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2376        return self.name
    2377
    2378    def to_py(self) -> int | str | Decimal:
    2379        if self.is_number:
    2380            try:
    2381                return int(self.this)
    2382            except ValueError:
    2383                return Decimal(self.this)
    2384        return self.this

arg_types = {'this': True, 'is_string': True}
hashable_args: Any View Source

    2362    @property
    2363    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2364        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))

@classmethod
def number(cls, number) -> Literal: View Source

    2366    @classmethod
    2367    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2368        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)

@classmethod
def string(cls, string) -> Literal: View Source

    2370    @classmethod
    2371    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2372        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)

output_name: str View Source

    2374    @property
    2375    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2376        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

def to_py(self) -> int | str | decimal.Decimal: View Source

    2378    def to_py(self) -> int | str | Decimal:
    2379        if self.is_number:
    2380            try:
    2381                return int(self.this)
    2382            except ValueError:
    2383                return Decimal(self.this)
    2384        return self.this

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

key = 'literal'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Join(Expression): View Source

    2387class Join(Expression):
    2388    arg_types = {
    2389        "this": True,
    2390        "on": False,
    2391        "side": False,
    2392        "kind": False,
    2393        "using": False,
    2394        "method": False,
    2395        "global": False,
    2396        "hint": False,
    2397        "match_condition": False,  # Snowflake
    2398    }
    2399
    2400    @property
    2401    def method(self) -> str:
    2402        return self.text("method").upper()
    2403
    2404    @property
    2405    def kind(self) -> str:
    2406        return self.text("kind").upper()
    2407
    2408    @property
    2409    def side(self) -> str:
    2410        return self.text("side").upper()
    2411
    2412    @property
    2413    def hint(self) -> str:
    2414        return self.text("hint").upper()
    2415
    2416    @property
    2417    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2418        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2419
    2420    def on(
    2421        self,
    2422        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2423        append: bool = True,
    2424        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2425        copy: bool = True,
    2426        **opts,
    2427    ) -> Join:
    2428        """
    2429        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2430
    2431        Example:
    2432            >>> import sqlglot
    2433            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2434            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2435
    2436        Args:
    2437            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2438                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2439                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2440            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2441                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2442            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2443            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2444            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2445
    2446        Returns:
    2447            The modified Join expression.
    2448        """
    2449        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2450            *expressions,
    2451            instance=self,
    2452            arg="on",
    2453            append=append,
    2454            dialect=dialect,
    2455            copy=copy,
    2456            **opts,
    2457        )
    2458
    2459        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2460            join.set("kind", None)
    2461
    2462        return join
    2463
    2464    def using(
    2465        self,
    2466        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2467        append: bool = True,
    2468        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2469        copy: bool = True,
    2470        **opts,
    2471    ) -> Join:
    2472        """
    2473        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2474
    2475        Example:
    2476            >>> import sqlglot
    2477            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2478            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2479
    2480        Args:
    2481            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2482                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2483            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2484                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2485            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2486            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2487            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2488
    2489        Returns:
    2490            The modified Join expression.
    2491        """
    2492        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2493            *expressions,
    2494            instance=self,
    2495            arg="using",
    2496            append=append,
    2497            dialect=dialect,
    2498            copy=copy,
    2499            **opts,
    2500        )
    2501
    2502        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2503            join.set("kind", None)
    2504
    2505        return join

arg_types = {'this': True, 'on': False, 'side': False, 'kind': False, 'using': False, 'method': False, 'global': False, 'hint': False, 'match_condition': False}
method: str View Source

    2400    @property
    2401    def method(self) -> str:
    2402        return self.text("method").upper()

kind: str View Source

    2404    @property
    2405    def kind(self) -> str:
    2406        return self.text("kind").upper()

side: str View Source

    2408    @property
    2409    def side(self) -> str:
    2410        return self.text("side").upper()

hint: str View Source

    2412    @property
    2413    def hint(self) -> str:
    2414        return self.text("hint").upper()

alias_or_name: str View Source

    2416    @property
    2417    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2418        return self.this.alias_or_name

def on( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Join: View Source

    2420    def on(
    2421        self,
    2422        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2423        append: bool = True,
    2424        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2425        copy: bool = True,
    2426        **opts,
    2427    ) -> Join:
    2428        """
    2429        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2430
    2431        Example:
    2432            >>> import sqlglot
    2433            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2434            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2435
    2436        Args:
    2437            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2438                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2439                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2440            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2441                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2442            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2443            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2444            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2445
    2446        Returns:
    2447            The modified Join expression.
    2448        """
    2449        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2450            *expressions,
    2451            instance=self,
    2452            arg="on",
    2453            append=append,
    2454            dialect=dialect,
    2455            copy=copy,
    2456            **opts,
    2457        )
    2458
    2459        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2460            join.set("kind", None)
    2461
    2462        return join

Append to or set the ON expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
>     'JOIN x ON y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Join expression.

def using( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Join: View Source

    2464    def using(
    2465        self,
    2466        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2467        append: bool = True,
    2468        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2469        copy: bool = True,
    2470        **opts,
    2471    ) -> Join:
    2472        """
    2473        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2474
    2475        Example:
    2476            >>> import sqlglot
    2477            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2478            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2479
    2480        Args:
    2481            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2482                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2483            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2484                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2485            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2486            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2487            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2488
    2489        Returns:
    2490            The modified Join expression.
    2491        """
    2492        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2493            *expressions,
    2494            instance=self,
    2495            arg="using",
    2496            append=append,
    2497            dialect=dialect,
    2498            copy=copy,
    2499            **opts,
    2500        )
    2501
    2502        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2503            join.set("kind", None)
    2504
    2505        return join

Append to or set the USING expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
>     'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Join expression.

key = 'join'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Lateral(UDTF): View Source

    2508class Lateral(UDTF):
    2509    arg_types = {
    2510        "this": True,
    2511        "view": False,
    2512        "outer": False,
    2513        "alias": False,
    2514        "cross_apply": False,  # True -> CROSS APPLY, False -> OUTER APPLY
    2515    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'view': False, 'outer': False, 'alias': False, 'cross_apply': False}
key = 'lateral'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression): View Source

    2518class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression):
    2519    arg_types = {
    2520        "this": True,
    2521        "window_frame": False,
    2522    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'window_frame': False}
key = 'matchrecognizemeasure'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MatchRecognize(Expression): View Source

    2525class MatchRecognize(Expression):
    2526    arg_types = {
    2527        "partition_by": False,
    2528        "order": False,
    2529        "measures": False,
    2530        "rows": False,
    2531        "after": False,
    2532        "pattern": False,
    2533        "define": False,
    2534        "alias": False,
    2535    }

arg_types = {'partition_by': False, 'order': False, 'measures': False, 'rows': False, 'after': False, 'pattern': False, 'define': False, 'alias': False}
key = 'matchrecognize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Final(Expression): View Source

    2540class Final(Expression):
    2541    pass

key = 'final'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Offset(Expression): View Source

    2544class Offset(Expression):
    2545    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'offset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Order(Expression): View Source

    2548class Order(Expression):
    2549    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": True, "siblings": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': True, 'siblings': False}
key = 'order'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WithFill(Expression): View Source

    2553class WithFill(Expression):
    2554    arg_types = {
    2555        "from": False,
    2556        "to": False,
    2557        "step": False,
    2558        "interpolate": False,
    2559    }

arg_types = {'from': False, 'to': False, 'step': False, 'interpolate': False}
key = 'withfill'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Cluster(Order): View Source

    2564class Cluster(Order):
    2565    pass

key = 'cluster'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Distribute(Order): View Source

    2568class Distribute(Order):
    2569    pass

key = 'distribute'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  unnest_operands
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  pop
  assert_is
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  div
  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Sort(Order): View Source

    2572class Sort(Order):
    2573    pass

key = 'sort'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Ordered(Expression): View Source

    2576class Ordered(Expression):
    2577    arg_types = {"this": True, "desc": False, "nulls_first": True, "with_fill": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'desc': False, 'nulls_first': True, 'with_fill': False}
key = 'ordered'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Property(Expression): View Source

    2580class Property(Expression):
    2581    arg_types = {"this": True, "value": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'value': True}
key = 'property'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  div
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  desc

class GrantPrivilege(Expression): View Source

    2584class GrantPrivilege(Expression):
    2585    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'grantprivilege'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  isin
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  neq
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  div
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class GrantPrincipal(Expression): View Source

    2588class GrantPrincipal(Expression):
    2589    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'grantprincipal'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression): View Source

    2592class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression):
    2593    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'allowedvaluesproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  div
  asc
  desc

class AlgorithmProperty(Property): View Source

    2596class AlgorithmProperty(Property):
    2597    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'algorithmproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class AutoIncrementProperty(Property): View Source

    2600class AutoIncrementProperty(Property):
    2601    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'autoincrementproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class AutoRefreshProperty(Property): View Source

    2605class AutoRefreshProperty(Property):
    2606    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'autorefreshproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class BackupProperty(Property): View Source

    2609class BackupProperty(Property):
    2610    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'backupproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class BlockCompressionProperty(Property): View Source

    2613class BlockCompressionProperty(Property):
    2614    arg_types = {
    2615        "autotemp": False,
    2616        "always": False,
    2617        "default": False,
    2618        "manual": False,
    2619        "never": False,
    2620    }

arg_types = {'autotemp': False, 'always': False, 'default': False, 'manual': False, 'never': False}
key = 'blockcompressionproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class CharacterSetProperty(Property): View Source

    2623class CharacterSetProperty(Property):
    2624    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': True}
key = 'charactersetproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class ChecksumProperty(Property): View Source

    2627class ChecksumProperty(Property):
    2628    arg_types = {"on": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'on': False, 'default': False}
key = 'checksumproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class CollateProperty(Property): View Source

    2631class CollateProperty(Property):
    2632    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': False}
key = 'collateproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class CopyGrantsProperty(Property): View Source

    2635class CopyGrantsProperty(Property):
    2636    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'copygrantsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  desc

class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property): View Source

    2639class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property):
    2640    arg_types = {
    2641        "size": False,
    2642        "units": False,
    2643        "minimum": False,
    2644        "maximum": False,
    2645        "default": False,
    2646    }

arg_types = {'size': False, 'units': False, 'minimum': False, 'maximum': False, 'default': False}
key = 'datablocksizeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class DataDeletionProperty(Property): View Source

    2649class DataDeletionProperty(Property):
    2650    arg_types = {"on": True, "filter_col": False, "retention_period": False}

arg_types = {'on': True, 'filter_col': False, 'retention_period': False}
key = 'datadeletionproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class DefinerProperty(Property): View Source

    2653class DefinerProperty(Property):
    2654    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'definerproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class DistKeyProperty(Property): View Source

    2657class DistKeyProperty(Property):
    2658    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'distkeyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  asc
  desc

class DistributedByProperty(Property): View Source

    2663class DistributedByProperty(Property):
    2664    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "kind": True, "buckets": False, "order": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'kind': True, 'buckets': False, 'order': False}
key = 'distributedbyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DistStyleProperty(Property): View Source

    2667class DistStyleProperty(Property):
    2668    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'diststyleproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DuplicateKeyProperty(Property): View Source

    2671class DuplicateKeyProperty(Property):
    2672    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'duplicatekeyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class EngineProperty(Property): View Source

    2675class EngineProperty(Property):
    2676    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'engineproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class HeapProperty(Property): View Source

    2679class HeapProperty(Property):
    2680    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'heapproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ToTableProperty(Property): View Source

    2683class ToTableProperty(Property):
    2684    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'totableproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class ExecuteAsProperty(Property): View Source

    2687class ExecuteAsProperty(Property):
    2688    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'executeasproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ExternalProperty(Property): View Source

    2691class ExternalProperty(Property):
    2692    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'externalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class FallbackProperty(Property): View Source

    2695class FallbackProperty(Property):
    2696    arg_types = {"no": True, "protection": False}

arg_types = {'no': True, 'protection': False}
key = 'fallbackproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class FileFormatProperty(Property): View Source

    2699class FileFormatProperty(Property):
    2700    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'fileformatproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class FreespaceProperty(Property): View Source

    2703class FreespaceProperty(Property):
    2704    arg_types = {"this": True, "percent": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'percent': False}
key = 'freespaceproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  isin
  between
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  div
  asc
  desc

class GlobalProperty(Property): View Source

    2707class GlobalProperty(Property):
    2708    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'globalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  div
  asc
  desc

class IcebergProperty(Property): View Source

    2711class IcebergProperty(Property):
    2712    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'icebergproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  asc
  desc

class InheritsProperty(Property): View Source

    2715class InheritsProperty(Property):
    2716    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'inheritsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  div
  asc
  desc

class InputModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2719class InputModelProperty(Property):
    2720    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'inputmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  asc
  desc

class OutputModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2723class OutputModelProperty(Property):
    2724    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'outputmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  asc
  desc

class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property): View Source

    2727class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property):
    2728    arg_types = {"no": False, "concurrent": False, "target": False}

arg_types = {'no': False, 'concurrent': False, 'target': False}
key = 'isolatedloadingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JournalProperty(Property): View Source

    2731class JournalProperty(Property):
    2732    arg_types = {
    2733        "no": False,
    2734        "dual": False,
    2735        "before": False,
    2736        "local": False,
    2737        "after": False,
    2738    }

arg_types = {'no': False, 'dual': False, 'before': False, 'local': False, 'after': False}
key = 'journalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LanguageProperty(Property): View Source

    2741class LanguageProperty(Property):
    2742    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'languageproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  asc
  desc

class ClusteredByProperty(Property): View Source

    2746class ClusteredByProperty(Property):
    2747    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "sorted_by": False, "buckets": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'sorted_by': False, 'buckets': True}
key = 'clusteredbyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DictProperty(Property): View Source

    2750class DictProperty(Property):
    2751    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "settings": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'settings': False}
key = 'dictproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DictSubProperty(Property): View Source

    2754class DictSubProperty(Property):
    2755    pass

key = 'dictsubproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Property
  arg_types

class DictRange(Property): View Source

    2758class DictRange(Property):
    2759    arg_types = {"this": True, "min": True, "max": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'min': True, 'max': True}
key = 'dictrange'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DynamicProperty(Property): View Source

    2762class DynamicProperty(Property):
    2763    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'dynamicproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class OnCluster(Property): View Source

    2768class OnCluster(Property):
    2769    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'oncluster'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class EmptyProperty(Property): View Source

    2773class EmptyProperty(Property):
    2774    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'emptyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LikeProperty(Property): View Source

    2777class LikeProperty(Property):
    2778    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'likeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LocationProperty(Property): View Source

    2781class LocationProperty(Property):
    2782    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'locationproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LockProperty(Property): View Source

    2785class LockProperty(Property):
    2786    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'lockproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  isin
  between
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  div
  asc
  desc

class LockingProperty(Property): View Source

    2789class LockingProperty(Property):
    2790    arg_types = {
    2791        "this": False,
    2792        "kind": True,
    2793        "for_or_in": False,
    2794        "lock_type": True,
    2795        "override": False,
    2796    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': True, 'for_or_in': False, 'lock_type': True, 'override': False}
key = 'lockingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LogProperty(Property): View Source

    2799class LogProperty(Property):
    2800    arg_types = {"no": True}

arg_types = {'no': True}
key = 'logproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  div
  asc
  desc

class MaterializedProperty(Property): View Source

    2803class MaterializedProperty(Property):
    2804    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'materializedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property): View Source

    2807class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property):
    2808    arg_types = {"this": False, "no": False, "default": False, "percent": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'no': False, 'default': False, 'percent': False}
key = 'mergeblockratioproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
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  div
  asc
  desc

class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property): View Source

    2811class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property):
    2812    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'noprimaryindexproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class OnProperty(Property): View Source

    2815class OnProperty(Property):
    2816    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'onproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  isin
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  div
  asc
  desc

class OnCommitProperty(Property): View Source

    2819class OnCommitProperty(Property):
    2820    arg_types = {"delete": False}

arg_types = {'delete': False}
key = 'oncommitproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  div
  asc
  desc

class PartitionedByProperty(Property): View Source

    2823class PartitionedByProperty(Property):
    2824    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'partitionedbyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  div
  asc
  desc

class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression): View Source

    2828class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression):
    2829    # this -> IN / MODULUS, expression -> REMAINDER, from_expressions -> FROM (...), to_expressions -> TO (...)
    2830    arg_types = {
    2831        "this": False,
    2832        "expression": False,
    2833        "from_expressions": False,
    2834        "to_expressions": False,
    2835    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'from_expressions': False, 'to_expressions': False}
key = 'partitionboundspec'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class PartitionedOfProperty(Property): View Source

    2838class PartitionedOfProperty(Property):
    2839    # this -> parent_table (schema), expression -> FOR VALUES ... / DEFAULT
    2840    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'partitionedofproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
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  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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class StreamingTableProperty(Property): View Source

    2843class StreamingTableProperty(Property):
    2844    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'streamingtableproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
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  transform
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class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2847class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property):
    2848    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'remotewithconnectionmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class ReturnsProperty(Property): View Source

    2851class ReturnsProperty(Property):
    2852    arg_types = {"this": False, "is_table": False, "table": False, "null": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'is_table': False, 'table': False, 'null': False}
key = 'returnsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class StrictProperty(Property): View Source

    2855class StrictProperty(Property):
    2856    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'strictproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  flatten
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class RowFormatProperty(Property): View Source

    2859class RowFormatProperty(Property):
    2860    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'rowformatproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property): View Source

    2863class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property):
    2864    # https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/hive/languagemanual+dml
    2865    arg_types = {
    2866        "fields": False,
    2867        "escaped": False,
    2868        "collection_items": False,
    2869        "map_keys": False,
    2870        "lines": False,
    2871        "null": False,
    2872        "serde": False,
    2873    }

arg_types = {'fields': False, 'escaped': False, 'collection_items': False, 'map_keys': False, 'lines': False, 'null': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'rowformatdelimitedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  flatten
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  pop
  assert_is
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class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property): View Source

    2876class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property):
    2877    arg_types = {"this": True, "serde_properties": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'serde_properties': False}
key = 'rowformatserdeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  transform
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class QueryTransform(Expression): View Source

    2881class QueryTransform(Expression):
    2882    arg_types = {
    2883        "expressions": True,
    2884        "command_script": True,
    2885        "schema": False,
    2886        "row_format_before": False,
    2887        "record_writer": False,
    2888        "row_format_after": False,
    2889        "record_reader": False,
    2890    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'command_script': True, 'schema': False, 'row_format_before': False, 'record_writer': False, 'row_format_after': False, 'record_reader': False}
key = 'querytransform'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class SampleProperty(Property): View Source

    2893class SampleProperty(Property):
    2894    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'sampleproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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  root
  walk
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class SecurityProperty(Property): View Source

    2898class SecurityProperty(Property):
    2899    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'securityproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
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class SchemaCommentProperty(Property): View Source

    2902class SchemaCommentProperty(Property):
    2903    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'schemacommentproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  transform
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class SerdeProperties(Property): View Source

    2906class SerdeProperties(Property):
    2907    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "with": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'with': False}
key = 'serdeproperties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class SetProperty(Property): View Source

    2910class SetProperty(Property):
    2911    arg_types = {"multi": True}

arg_types = {'multi': True}
key = 'setproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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class SharingProperty(Property): View Source

    2914class SharingProperty(Property):
    2915    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'sharingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
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class SetConfigProperty(Property): View Source

    2918class SetConfigProperty(Property):
    2919    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'setconfigproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class SettingsProperty(Property): View Source

    2922class SettingsProperty(Property):
    2923    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'settingsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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class SortKeyProperty(Property): View Source

    2926class SortKeyProperty(Property):
    2927    arg_types = {"this": True, "compound": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'compound': False}
key = 'sortkeyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  unnest_operands
  flatten
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class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property): View Source

    2930class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property):
    2931    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'sqlreadwriteproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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class SqlSecurityProperty(Property): View Source

    2934class SqlSecurityProperty(Property):
    2935    arg_types = {"definer": True}

arg_types = {'definer': True}
key = 'sqlsecurityproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class StabilityProperty(Property): View Source

    2938class StabilityProperty(Property):
    2939    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'stabilityproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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class TemporaryProperty(Property): View Source

    2942class TemporaryProperty(Property):
    2943    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'temporaryproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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  walk
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class SecureProperty(Property): View Source

    2946class SecureProperty(Property):
    2947    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'secureproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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class TransformModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2950class TransformModelProperty(Property):
    2951    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'transformmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class TransientProperty(Property): View Source

    2954class TransientProperty(Property):
    2955    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'transientproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class UnloggedProperty(Property): View Source

    2958class UnloggedProperty(Property):
    2959    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'unloggedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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  root
  walk
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class ViewAttributeProperty(Property): View Source

    2963class ViewAttributeProperty(Property):
    2964    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'viewattributeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  root
  walk
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  bfs
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class VolatileProperty(Property): View Source

    2967class VolatileProperty(Property):
    2968    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'volatileproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class WithDataProperty(Property): View Source

    2971class WithDataProperty(Property):
    2972    arg_types = {"no": True, "statistics": False}

arg_types = {'no': True, 'statistics': False}
key = 'withdataproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class WithJournalTableProperty(Property): View Source

    2975class WithJournalTableProperty(Property):
    2976    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'withjournaltableproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  walk
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class WithSchemaBindingProperty(Property): View Source

    2979class WithSchemaBindingProperty(Property):
    2980    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'withschemabindingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property): View Source

    2983class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property):
    2984    arg_types = {
    2985        "on": False,
    2986        "this": False,
    2987        "data_consistency": False,
    2988        "retention_period": False,
    2989        "with": True,
    2990    }

arg_types = {'on': False, 'this': False, 'data_consistency': False, 'retention_period': False, 'with': True}
key = 'withsystemversioningproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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class Properties(Expression): View Source

    2993class Properties(Expression):
    2994    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2995
    2996    NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {
    2997        "ALGORITHM": AlgorithmProperty,
    2998        "AUTO_INCREMENT": AutoIncrementProperty,
    2999        "CHARACTER SET": CharacterSetProperty,
    3000        "CLUSTERED_BY": ClusteredByProperty,
    3001        "COLLATE": CollateProperty,
    3002        "COMMENT": SchemaCommentProperty,
    3003        "DEFINER": DefinerProperty,
    3004        "DISTKEY": DistKeyProperty,
    3005        "DISTRIBUTED_BY": DistributedByProperty,
    3006        "DISTSTYLE": DistStyleProperty,
    3007        "ENGINE": EngineProperty,
    3008        "EXECUTE AS": ExecuteAsProperty,
    3009        "FORMAT": FileFormatProperty,
    3010        "LANGUAGE": LanguageProperty,
    3011        "LOCATION": LocationProperty,
    3012        "LOCK": LockProperty,
    3013        "PARTITIONED_BY": PartitionedByProperty,
    3014        "RETURNS": ReturnsProperty,
    3015        "ROW_FORMAT": RowFormatProperty,
    3016        "SORTKEY": SortKeyProperty,
    3017    }
    3018
    3019    PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {v: k for k, v in NAME_TO_PROPERTY.items()}
    3020
    3021    # CREATE property locations
    3022    # Form: schema specified
    3023    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    3024    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    3025    #     (b int) [POST_SCHEMA]
    3026    #     with ([POST_WITH])
    3027    #     index (b) [POST_INDEX]
    3028    #
    3029    # Form: alias selection
    3030    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    3031    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    3032    #     as [POST_ALIAS] (select * from b) [POST_EXPRESSION]
    3033    #     index (c) [POST_INDEX]
    3034    class Location(AutoName):
    3035        POST_CREATE = auto()
    3036        POST_NAME = auto()
    3037        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    3038        POST_WITH = auto()
    3039        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    3040        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    3041        POST_INDEX = auto()
    3042        UNSUPPORTED = auto()
    3043
    3044    @classmethod
    3045    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    3046        expressions = []
    3047        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    3048            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    3049            if property_cls:
    3050                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    3051            else:
    3052                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    3053
    3054        return cls(expressions=expressions)

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {'ALGORITHM': <class 'AlgorithmProperty'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <class 'AutoIncrementProperty'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <class 'CharacterSetProperty'>, 'CLUSTERED_BY': <class 'ClusteredByProperty'>, 'COLLATE': <class 'CollateProperty'>, 'COMMENT': <class 'SchemaCommentProperty'>, 'DEFINER': <class 'DefinerProperty'>, 'DISTKEY': <class 'DistKeyProperty'>, 'DISTRIBUTED_BY': <class 'DistributedByProperty'>, 'DISTSTYLE': <class 'DistStyleProperty'>, 'ENGINE': <class 'EngineProperty'>, 'EXECUTE AS': <class 'ExecuteAsProperty'>, 'FORMAT': <class 'FileFormatProperty'>, 'LANGUAGE': <class 'LanguageProperty'>, 'LOCATION': <class 'LocationProperty'>, 'LOCK': <class 'LockProperty'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <class 'PartitionedByProperty'>, 'RETURNS': <class 'ReturnsProperty'>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <class 'RowFormatProperty'>, 'SORTKEY': <class 'SortKeyProperty'>}
PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {<class 'AlgorithmProperty'>: 'ALGORITHM', <class 'AutoIncrementProperty'>: 'AUTO_INCREMENT', <class 'CharacterSetProperty'>: 'CHARACTER SET', <class 'ClusteredByProperty'>: 'CLUSTERED_BY', <class 'CollateProperty'>: 'COLLATE', <class 'SchemaCommentProperty'>: 'COMMENT', <class 'DefinerProperty'>: 'DEFINER', <class 'DistKeyProperty'>: 'DISTKEY', <class 'DistributedByProperty'>: 'DISTRIBUTED_BY', <class 'DistStyleProperty'>: 'DISTSTYLE', <class 'EngineProperty'>: 'ENGINE', <class 'ExecuteAsProperty'>: 'EXECUTE AS', <class 'FileFormatProperty'>: 'FORMAT', <class 'LanguageProperty'>: 'LANGUAGE', <class 'LocationProperty'>: 'LOCATION', <class 'LockProperty'>: 'LOCK', <class 'PartitionedByProperty'>: 'PARTITIONED_BY', <class 'ReturnsProperty'>: 'RETURNS', <class 'RowFormatProperty'>: 'ROW_FORMAT', <class 'SortKeyProperty'>: 'SORTKEY'}
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: Dict) -> Properties: View Source

    3044    @classmethod
    3045    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    3046        expressions = []
    3047        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    3048            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    3049            if property_cls:
    3050                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    3051            else:
    3052                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    3053
    3054        return cls(expressions=expressions)

key = 'properties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
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  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class Properties.Location(sqlglot.helper.AutoName): View Source

    3034    class Location(AutoName):
    3035        POST_CREATE = auto()
    3036        POST_NAME = auto()
    3037        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    3038        POST_WITH = auto()
    3039        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    3040        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    3041        POST_INDEX = auto()
    3042        UNSUPPORTED = auto()

An enumeration.

POST_CREATE = <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>
POST_NAME = <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>
POST_SCHEMA = <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>
POST_WITH = <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>
POST_ALIAS = <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>
POST_EXPRESSION = <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>
POST_INDEX = <Location.POST_INDEX: 'POST_INDEX'>
UNSUPPORTED = <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>

##### Inherited Members

enum.Enum
  name
  value

class Qualify(Expression): View Source

    3057class Qualify(Expression):
    3058    pass

key = 'qualify'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class InputOutputFormat(Expression): View Source

    3061class InputOutputFormat(Expression):
    3062    arg_types = {"input_format": False, "output_format": False}

arg_types = {'input_format': False, 'output_format': False}
key = 'inputoutputformat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Return(Expression): View Source

    3066class Return(Expression):
    3067    pass

key = 'return'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Reference(Expression): View Source

    3070class Reference(Expression):
    3071    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "options": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'options': False}
key = 'reference'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Tuple(Expression): View Source

    3074class Tuple(Expression):
    3075    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    3076
    3077    def isin(
    3078        self,
    3079        *expressions: t.Any,
    3080        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3081        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3082        copy: bool = True,
    3083        **opts,
    3084    ) -> In:
    3085        return In(
    3086            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    3087            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    3088            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    3089            unnest=(
    3090                Unnest(
    3091                    expressions=[
    3092                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    3093                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    3094                    ]
    3095                )
    3096                if unnest
    3097                else None
    3098            ),
    3099        )

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
def isin( self, *expressions: Any, query: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, unnest: Union[str, Expression, NoneType, Collection[Union[str, Expression]]] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> In: View Source

    3077    def isin(
    3078        self,
    3079        *expressions: t.Any,
    3080        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3081        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3082        copy: bool = True,
    3083        **opts,
    3084    ) -> In:
    3085        return In(
    3086            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    3087            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    3088            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    3089            unnest=(
    3090                Unnest(
    3091                    expressions=[
    3092                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    3093                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    3094                    ]
    3095                )
    3096                if unnest
    3097                else None
    3098            ),
    3099        )

key = 'tuple'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

QUERY_MODIFIERS = {'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
class QueryOption(Expression): View Source

    3130class QueryOption(Expression):
    3131    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'queryoption'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WithTableHint(Expression): View Source

    3135class WithTableHint(Expression):
    3136    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'withtablehint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IndexTableHint(Expression): View Source

    3140class IndexTableHint(Expression):
    3141    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "target": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'target': False}
key = 'indextablehint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class HistoricalData(Expression): View Source

    3145class HistoricalData(Expression):
    3146    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'historicaldata'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Table(Expression): View Source

    3149class Table(Expression):
    3150    arg_types = {
    3151        "this": False,
    3152        "alias": False,
    3153        "db": False,
    3154        "catalog": False,
    3155        "laterals": False,
    3156        "joins": False,
    3157        "pivots": False,
    3158        "hints": False,
    3159        "system_time": False,
    3160        "version": False,
    3161        "format": False,
    3162        "pattern": False,
    3163        "ordinality": False,
    3164        "when": False,
    3165        "only": False,
    3166        "partition": False,
    3167        "changes": False,
    3168        "rows_from": False,
    3169        "sample": False,
    3170    }
    3171
    3172    @property
    3173    def name(self) -> str:
    3174        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3175            return ""
    3176        return self.this.name
    3177
    3178    @property
    3179    def db(self) -> str:
    3180        return self.text("db")
    3181
    3182    @property
    3183    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3184        return self.text("catalog")
    3185
    3186    @property
    3187    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3188        return []
    3189
    3190    @property
    3191    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3192        return []
    3193
    3194    @property
    3195    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3196        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3197        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3198
    3199        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3200            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3201
    3202            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3203                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3204            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3205                parts.append(part)
    3206
    3207        return parts
    3208
    3209    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3210        parts = self.parts
    3211        col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3212        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3213        if alias:
    3214            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3215        return col

arg_types = {'this': False, 'alias': False, 'db': False, 'catalog': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'pivots': False, 'hints': False, 'system_time': False, 'version': False, 'format': False, 'pattern': False, 'ordinality': False, 'when': False, 'only': False, 'partition': False, 'changes': False, 'rows_from': False, 'sample': False}
name: str View Source

    3172    @property
    3173    def name(self) -> str:
    3174        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3175            return ""
    3176        return self.this.name

db: str View Source

    3178    @property
    3179    def db(self) -> str:
    3180        return self.text("db")

catalog: str View Source

    3182    @property
    3183    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3184        return self.text("catalog")

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3186    @property
    3187    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3188        return []

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    3190    @property
    3191    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3192        return []

parts: List[Expression] View Source

    3194    @property
    3195    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3196        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3197        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3198
    3199        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3200            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3201
    3202            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3203                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3204            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3205                parts.append(part)
    3206
    3207        return parts

Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table.

def to_column( self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot: View Source

    3209    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3210        parts = self.parts
    3211        col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3212        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3213        if alias:
    3214            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3215        return col

key = 'table'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SetOperation(Query): View Source

    3218class SetOperation(Query):
    3219    arg_types = {
    3220        "with": False,
    3221        "this": True,
    3222        "expression": True,
    3223        "distinct": False,
    3224        "by_name": False,
    3225        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3226    }
    3227
    3228    def select(
    3229        self: S,
    3230        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3231        append: bool = True,
    3232        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3233        copy: bool = True,
    3234        **opts,
    3235    ) -> S:
    3236        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3237        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3238        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3239            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3240        )
    3241        return this
    3242
    3243    @property
    3244    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3245        return self.this.unnest().named_selects
    3246
    3247    @property
    3248    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3249        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star
    3250
    3251    @property
    3252    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3253        return self.this.unnest().selects
    3254
    3255    @property
    3256    def left(self) -> Query:
    3257        return self.this
    3258
    3259    @property
    3260    def right(self) -> Query:
    3261        return self.expression

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': True, 'expression': True, 'distinct': False, 'by_name': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def select( self: ~S, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~S: View Source

    3228    def select(
    3229        self: S,
    3230        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3231        append: bool = True,
    3232        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3233        copy: bool = True,
    3234        **opts,
    3235    ) -> S:
    3236        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3237        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3238        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3239            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3240        )
    3241        return this

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    3243    @property
    3244    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3245        return self.this.unnest().named_selects

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

is_star: bool View Source

    3247    @property
    3248    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3249        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3251    @property
    3252    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3253        return self.this.unnest().selects

Returns the query's projections.

left: Query View Source

    3255    @property
    3256    def left(self) -> Query:
    3257        return self.this

right: Query View Source

    3259    @property
    3260    def right(self) -> Query:
    3261        return self.expression

key = 'setoperation'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Union(SetOperation): View Source

    3264class Union(SetOperation):
    3265    pass

key = 'union'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
SetOperation
  arg_types
  select
  named_selects
  is_star
  selects
  left
  right
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Except(SetOperation): View Source

    3268class Except(SetOperation):
    3269    pass

key = 'except'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
SetOperation
  arg_types
  select
  named_selects
  is_star
  selects
  left
  right
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Intersect(SetOperation): View Source

    3272class Intersect(SetOperation):
    3273    pass

key = 'intersect'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
SetOperation
  arg_types
  select
  named_selects
  is_star
  selects
  left
  right
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Update(Expression): View Source

    3276class Update(Expression):
    3277    arg_types = {
    3278        "with": False,
    3279        "this": False,
    3280        "expressions": True,
    3281        "from": False,
    3282        "where": False,
    3283        "returning": False,
    3284        "order": False,
    3285        "limit": False,
    3286    }

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': False, 'expressions': True, 'from': False, 'where': False, 'returning': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False}
key = 'update'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Values(UDTF): View Source

    3289class Values(UDTF):
    3290    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "alias": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'alias': False}
key = 'values'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Var(Expression): View Source

    3293class Var(Expression):
    3294    pass

key = 'var'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Version(Expression): View Source

    3297class Version(Expression):
    3298    """
    3299    Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc
    3300    https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots
    3301    https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html
    3302    https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of
    3303    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    3304    this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION
    3305    kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")
    3306    """
    3307
    3308    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": False}

Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16 this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'version'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Schema(Expression): View Source

    3311class Schema(Expression):
    3312    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'schema'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Lock(Expression): View Source

    3317class Lock(Expression):
    3318    arg_types = {"update": True, "expressions": False, "wait": False}

arg_types = {'update': True, 'expressions': False, 'wait': False}
key = 'lock'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Select(Query): View Source

    3321class Select(Query):
    3322    arg_types = {
    3323        "with": False,
    3324        "kind": False,
    3325        "expressions": False,
    3326        "hint": False,
    3327        "distinct": False,
    3328        "into": False,
    3329        "from": False,
    3330        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3331    }
    3332
    3333    def from_(
    3334        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3335    ) -> Select:
    3336        """
    3337        Set the FROM expression.
    3338
    3339        Example:
    3340            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3341            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3342
    3343        Args:
    3344            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3345                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3346                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3347            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3348            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3349            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3350
    3351        Returns:
    3352            The modified Select expression.
    3353        """
    3354        return _apply_builder(
    3355            expression=expression,
    3356            instance=self,
    3357            arg="from",
    3358            into=From,
    3359            prefix="FROM",
    3360            dialect=dialect,
    3361            copy=copy,
    3362            **opts,
    3363        )
    3364
    3365    def group_by(
    3366        self,
    3367        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3368        append: bool = True,
    3369        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3370        copy: bool = True,
    3371        **opts,
    3372    ) -> Select:
    3373        """
    3374        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3375
    3376        Example:
    3377            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3378            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3379
    3380        Args:
    3381            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3382                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3383                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3384                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3385            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3386                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3387            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3388            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3389            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3390
    3391        Returns:
    3392            The modified Select expression.
    3393        """
    3394        if not expressions:
    3395            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3396
    3397        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3398            *expressions,
    3399            instance=self,
    3400            arg="group",
    3401            append=append,
    3402            copy=copy,
    3403            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3404            into=Group,
    3405            dialect=dialect,
    3406            **opts,
    3407        )
    3408
    3409    def sort_by(
    3410        self,
    3411        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3412        append: bool = True,
    3413        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3414        copy: bool = True,
    3415        **opts,
    3416    ) -> Select:
    3417        """
    3418        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3419
    3420        Example:
    3421            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3422            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3423
    3424        Args:
    3425            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3426                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3427                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3428            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3429                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3430            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3431            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3432            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3433
    3434        Returns:
    3435            The modified Select expression.
    3436        """
    3437        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3438            *expressions,
    3439            instance=self,
    3440            arg="sort",
    3441            append=append,
    3442            copy=copy,
    3443            prefix="SORT BY",
    3444            into=Sort,
    3445            dialect=dialect,
    3446            **opts,
    3447        )
    3448
    3449    def cluster_by(
    3450        self,
    3451        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3452        append: bool = True,
    3453        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3454        copy: bool = True,
    3455        **opts,
    3456    ) -> Select:
    3457        """
    3458        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3459
    3460        Example:
    3461            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3462            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3463
    3464        Args:
    3465            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3466                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3467                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3468            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3469                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3470            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3471            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3472            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3473
    3474        Returns:
    3475            The modified Select expression.
    3476        """
    3477        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3478            *expressions,
    3479            instance=self,
    3480            arg="cluster",
    3481            append=append,
    3482            copy=copy,
    3483            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3484            into=Cluster,
    3485            dialect=dialect,
    3486            **opts,
    3487        )
    3488
    3489    def select(
    3490        self,
    3491        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3492        append: bool = True,
    3493        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3494        copy: bool = True,
    3495        **opts,
    3496    ) -> Select:
    3497        return _apply_list_builder(
    3498            *expressions,
    3499            instance=self,
    3500            arg="expressions",
    3501            append=append,
    3502            dialect=dialect,
    3503            into=Expression,
    3504            copy=copy,
    3505            **opts,
    3506        )
    3507
    3508    def lateral(
    3509        self,
    3510        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3511        append: bool = True,
    3512        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3513        copy: bool = True,
    3514        **opts,
    3515    ) -> Select:
    3516        """
    3517        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3518
    3519        Example:
    3520            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3521            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3522
    3523        Args:
    3524            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3525                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3526            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3527                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3528            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3529            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3530            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3531
    3532        Returns:
    3533            The modified Select expression.
    3534        """
    3535        return _apply_list_builder(
    3536            *expressions,
    3537            instance=self,
    3538            arg="laterals",
    3539            append=append,
    3540            into=Lateral,
    3541            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3542            dialect=dialect,
    3543            copy=copy,
    3544            **opts,
    3545        )
    3546
    3547    def join(
    3548        self,
    3549        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3550        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3551        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3552        append: bool = True,
    3553        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3554        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3555        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3556        copy: bool = True,
    3557        **opts,
    3558    ) -> Select:
    3559        """
    3560        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3561
    3562        Example:
    3563            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3564            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3565
    3566            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3567            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3568
    3569            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3570
    3571            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3572            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3573
    3574        Args:
    3575            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3576                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3577            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3578                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3579            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3580                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3581            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3582                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3583            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3584            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3585            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3586            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3587            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3588
    3589        Returns:
    3590            Select: the modified expression.
    3591        """
    3592        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3593
    3594        try:
    3595            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3596        except ParseError:
    3597            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3598
    3599        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3600
    3601        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3602            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3603
    3604        if join_type:
    3605            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3606            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3607            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3608
    3609            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3610
    3611            if method:
    3612                join.set("method", method.text)
    3613            if side:
    3614                join.set("side", side.text)
    3615            if kind:
    3616                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3617
    3618        if on:
    3619            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3620            join.set("on", on)
    3621
    3622        if using:
    3623            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3624                *ensure_list(using),
    3625                instance=join,
    3626                arg="using",
    3627                append=append,
    3628                copy=copy,
    3629                into=Identifier,
    3630                **opts,
    3631            )
    3632
    3633        if join_alias:
    3634            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3635
    3636        return _apply_list_builder(
    3637            join,
    3638            instance=self,
    3639            arg="joins",
    3640            append=append,
    3641            copy=copy,
    3642            **opts,
    3643        )
    3644
    3645    def where(
    3646        self,
    3647        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3648        append: bool = True,
    3649        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3650        copy: bool = True,
    3651        **opts,
    3652    ) -> Select:
    3653        """
    3654        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3655
    3656        Example:
    3657            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3658            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3659
    3660        Args:
    3661            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3662                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3663                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3664            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3665                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3666            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3667            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3668            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3669
    3670        Returns:
    3671            Select: the modified expression.
    3672        """
    3673        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3674            *expressions,
    3675            instance=self,
    3676            arg="where",
    3677            append=append,
    3678            into=Where,
    3679            dialect=dialect,
    3680            copy=copy,
    3681            **opts,
    3682        )
    3683
    3684    def having(
    3685        self,
    3686        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3687        append: bool = True,
    3688        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3689        copy: bool = True,
    3690        **opts,
    3691    ) -> Select:
    3692        """
    3693        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3694
    3695        Example:
    3696            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3697            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3698
    3699        Args:
    3700            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3701                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3702                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3703            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3704                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3705            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3706            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3707            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3708
    3709        Returns:
    3710            The modified Select expression.
    3711        """
    3712        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3713            *expressions,
    3714            instance=self,
    3715            arg="having",
    3716            append=append,
    3717            into=Having,
    3718            dialect=dialect,
    3719            copy=copy,
    3720            **opts,
    3721        )
    3722
    3723    def window(
    3724        self,
    3725        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3726        append: bool = True,
    3727        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3728        copy: bool = True,
    3729        **opts,
    3730    ) -> Select:
    3731        return _apply_list_builder(
    3732            *expressions,
    3733            instance=self,
    3734            arg="windows",
    3735            append=append,
    3736            into=Window,
    3737            dialect=dialect,
    3738            copy=copy,
    3739            **opts,
    3740        )
    3741
    3742    def qualify(
    3743        self,
    3744        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3745        append: bool = True,
    3746        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3747        copy: bool = True,
    3748        **opts,
    3749    ) -> Select:
    3750        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3751            *expressions,
    3752            instance=self,
    3753            arg="qualify",
    3754            append=append,
    3755            into=Qualify,
    3756            dialect=dialect,
    3757            copy=copy,
    3758            **opts,
    3759        )
    3760
    3761    def distinct(
    3762        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    3763    ) -> Select:
    3764        """
    3765        Set the OFFSET expression.
    3766
    3767        Example:
    3768            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    3769            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    3770
    3771        Args:
    3772            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    3773            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    3774            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3775
    3776        Returns:
    3777            Select: the modified expression.
    3778        """
    3779        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3780        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    3781        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    3782        return instance
    3783
    3784    def ctas(
    3785        self,
    3786        table: ExpOrStr,
    3787        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    3788        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3789        copy: bool = True,
    3790        **opts,
    3791    ) -> Create:
    3792        """
    3793        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    3794
    3795        Example:
    3796            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    3797            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    3798
    3799        Args:
    3800            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3801                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3802            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    3803            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    3804            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3805            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    3806
    3807        Returns:
    3808            The new Create expression.
    3809        """
    3810        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3811        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    3812
    3813        properties_expression = None
    3814        if properties:
    3815            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    3816
    3817        return Create(
    3818            this=table_expression,
    3819            kind="TABLE",
    3820            expression=instance,
    3821            properties=properties_expression,
    3822        )
    3823
    3824    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3825        """
    3826        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    3827
    3828        Examples:
    3829            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    3830            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    3831
    3832            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    3833            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    3834
    3835        Args:
    3836            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    3837            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3838
    3839        Returns:
    3840            The modified expression.
    3841        """
    3842        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3843        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    3844
    3845        return inst
    3846
    3847    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3848        """
    3849        Set hints for this expression.
    3850
    3851        Examples:
    3852            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    3853            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    3854
    3855        Args:
    3856            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    3857                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3858            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    3859            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3860
    3861        Returns:
    3862            The modified expression.
    3863        """
    3864        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3865        inst.set(
    3866            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    3867        )
    3868
    3869        return inst
    3870
    3871    @property
    3872    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3873        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]
    3874
    3875    @property
    3876    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3877        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)
    3878
    3879    @property
    3880    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3881        return self.expressions

arg_types = {'with': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False, 'hint': False, 'distinct': False, 'into': False, 'from': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def from_( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3333    def from_(
    3334        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3335    ) -> Select:
    3336        """
    3337        Set the FROM expression.
    3338
    3339        Example:
    3340            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3341            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3342
    3343        Args:
    3344            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3345                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3346                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3347            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3348            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3349            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3350
    3351        Returns:
    3352            The modified Select expression.
    3353        """
    3354        return _apply_builder(
    3355            expression=expression,
    3356            instance=self,
    3357            arg="from",
    3358            into=From,
    3359            prefix="FROM",
    3360            dialect=dialect,
    3361            copy=copy,
    3362            **opts,
    3363        )

Set the FROM expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- expression : the SQL code strings to parse. If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def group_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3365    def group_by(
    3366        self,
    3367        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3368        append: bool = True,
    3369        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3370        copy: bool = True,
    3371        **opts,
    3372    ) -> Select:
    3373        """
    3374        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3375
    3376        Example:
    3377            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3378            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3379
    3380        Args:
    3381            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3382                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3383                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3384                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3385            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3386                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3387            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3388            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3389            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3390
    3391        Returns:
    3392            The modified Select expression.
    3393        """
    3394        if not expressions:
    3395            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3396
    3397        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3398            *expressions,
    3399            instance=self,
    3400            arg="group",
    3401            append=append,
    3402            copy=copy,
    3403            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3404            into=Group,
    3405            dialect=dialect,
    3406            **opts,
    3407        )

Set the GROUP BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
>     'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`. If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def sort_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3409    def sort_by(
    3410        self,
    3411        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3412        append: bool = True,
    3413        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3414        copy: bool = True,
    3415        **opts,
    3416    ) -> Select:
    3417        """
    3418        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3419
    3420        Example:
    3421            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3422            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3423
    3424        Args:
    3425            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3426                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3427                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3428            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3429                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3430            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3431            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3432            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3433
    3434        Returns:
    3435            The modified Select expression.
    3436        """
    3437        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3438            *expressions,
    3439            instance=self,
    3440            arg="sort",
    3441            append=append,
    3442            copy=copy,
    3443            prefix="SORT BY",
    3444            into=Sort,
    3445            dialect=dialect,
    3446            **opts,
    3447        )

Set the SORT BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def cluster_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3449    def cluster_by(
    3450        self,
    3451        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3452        append: bool = True,
    3453        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3454        copy: bool = True,
    3455        **opts,
    3456    ) -> Select:
    3457        """
    3458        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3459
    3460        Example:
    3461            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3462            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3463
    3464        Args:
    3465            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3466                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3467                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3468            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3469                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3470            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3471            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3472            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3473
    3474        Returns:
    3475            The modified Select expression.
    3476        """
    3477        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3478            *expressions,
    3479            instance=self,
    3480            arg="cluster",
    3481            append=append,
    3482            copy=copy,
    3483            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3484            into=Cluster,
    3485            dialect=dialect,
    3486            **opts,
    3487        )

Set the CLUSTER BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def select( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3489    def select(
    3490        self,
    3491        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3492        append: bool = True,
    3493        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3494        copy: bool = True,
    3495        **opts,
    3496    ) -> Select:
    3497        return _apply_list_builder(
    3498            *expressions,
    3499            instance=self,
    3500            arg="expressions",
    3501            append=append,
    3502            dialect=dialect,
    3503            into=Expression,
    3504            copy=copy,
    3505            **opts,
    3506        )

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

def lateral( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3508    def lateral(
    3509        self,
    3510        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3511        append: bool = True,
    3512        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3513        copy: bool = True,
    3514        **opts,
    3515    ) -> Select:
    3516        """
    3517        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3518
    3519        Example:
    3520            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3521            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3522
    3523        Args:
    3524            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3525                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3526            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3527                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3528            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3529            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3530            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3531
    3532        Returns:
    3533            The modified Select expression.
    3534        """
    3535        return _apply_list_builder(
    3536            *expressions,
    3537            instance=self,
    3538            arg="laterals",
    3539            append=append,
    3540            into=Lateral,
    3541            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3542            dialect=dialect,
    3543            copy=copy,
    3544            **opts,
    3545        )

Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def join( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], on: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, using: Union[str, Expression, Collection[Union[str, Expression]], NoneType] = None, append: bool = True, join_type: Optional[str] = None, join_alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3547    def join(
    3548        self,
    3549        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3550        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3551        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3552        append: bool = True,
    3553        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3554        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3555        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3556        copy: bool = True,
    3557        **opts,
    3558    ) -> Select:
    3559        """
    3560        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3561
    3562        Example:
    3563            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3564            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3565
    3566            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3567            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3568
    3569            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3570
    3571            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3572            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3573
    3574        Args:
    3575            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3576                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3577            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3578                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3579            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3580                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3581            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3582                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3583            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3584            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3585            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3586            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3587            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3588
    3589        Returns:
    3590            Select: the modified expression.
    3591        """
    3592        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3593
    3594        try:
    3595            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3596        except ParseError:
    3597            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3598
    3599        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3600
    3601        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3602            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3603
    3604        if join_type:
    3605            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3606            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3607            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3608
    3609            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3610
    3611            if method:
    3612                join.set("method", method.text)
    3613            if side:
    3614                join.set("side", side.text)
    3615            if kind:
    3616                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3617
    3618        if on:
    3619            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3620            join.set("on", on)
    3621
    3622        if using:
    3623            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3624                *ensure_list(using),
    3625                instance=join,
    3626                arg="using",
    3627                append=append,
    3628                copy=copy,
    3629                into=Identifier,
    3630                **opts,
    3631            )
    3632
    3633        if join_alias:
    3634            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3635
    3636        return _apply_list_builder(
    3637            join,
    3638            instance=self,
    3639            arg="joins",
    3640            append=append,
    3641            copy=copy,
    3642            **opts,
    3643        )

Append to or set the JOIN expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'

>     >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
>     'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'

> Use `join_type` to change the type of join:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
- join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def where( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3645    def where(
    3646        self,
    3647        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3648        append: bool = True,
    3649        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3650        copy: bool = True,
    3651        **opts,
    3652    ) -> Select:
    3653        """
    3654        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3655
    3656        Example:
    3657            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3658            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3659
    3660        Args:
    3661            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3662                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3663                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3664            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3665                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3666            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3667            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3668            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3669
    3670        Returns:
    3671            Select: the modified expression.
    3672        """
    3673        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3674            *expressions,
    3675            instance=self,
    3676            arg="where",
    3677            append=append,
    3678            into=Where,
    3679            dialect=dialect,
    3680            copy=copy,
    3681            **opts,
    3682        )

Append to or set the WHERE expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def having( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3684    def having(
    3685        self,
    3686        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3687        append: bool = True,
    3688        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3689        copy: bool = True,
    3690        **opts,
    3691    ) -> Select:
    3692        """
    3693        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3694
    3695        Example:
    3696            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3697            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3698
    3699        Args:
    3700            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3701                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3702                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3703            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3704                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3705            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3706            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3707            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3708
    3709        Returns:
    3710            The modified Select expression.
    3711        """
    3712        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3713            *expressions,
    3714            instance=self,
    3715            arg="having",
    3716            append=append,
    3717            into=Having,
    3718            dialect=dialect,
    3719            copy=copy,
    3720            **opts,
    3721        )

Append to or set the HAVING expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
>     'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def window( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3723    def window(
    3724        self,
    3725        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3726        append: bool = True,
    3727        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3728        copy: bool = True,
    3729        **opts,
    3730    ) -> Select:
    3731        return _apply_list_builder(
    3732            *expressions,
    3733            instance=self,
    3734            arg="windows",
    3735            append=append,
    3736            into=Window,
    3737            dialect=dialect,
    3738            copy=copy,
    3739            **opts,
    3740        )

def qualify( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3742    def qualify(
    3743        self,
    3744        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3745        append: bool = True,
    3746        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3747        copy: bool = True,
    3748        **opts,
    3749    ) -> Select:
    3750        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3751            *expressions,
    3752            instance=self,
    3753            arg="qualify",
    3754            append=append,
    3755            into=Qualify,
    3756            dialect=dialect,
    3757            copy=copy,
    3758            **opts,
    3759        )

def distinct( self, *ons: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    3761    def distinct(
    3762        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    3763    ) -> Select:
    3764        """
    3765        Set the OFFSET expression.
    3766
    3767        Example:
    3768            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    3769            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    3770
    3771        Args:
    3772            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    3773            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    3774            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3775
    3776        Returns:
    3777            Select: the modified expression.
    3778        """
    3779        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3780        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    3781        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    3782        return instance

Set the OFFSET expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
>     'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- ons: the expressions to distinct on
- distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def ctas( self, table: Union[str, Expression], properties: Optional[Dict] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Create: View Source

    3784    def ctas(
    3785        self,
    3786        table: ExpOrStr,
    3787        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    3788        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3789        copy: bool = True,
    3790        **opts,
    3791    ) -> Create:
    3792        """
    3793        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    3794
    3795        Example:
    3796            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    3797            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    3798
    3799        Args:
    3800            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3801                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3802            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    3803            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    3804            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3805            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    3806
    3807        Returns:
    3808            The new Create expression.
    3809        """
    3810        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3811        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    3812
    3813        properties_expression = None
    3814        if properties:
    3815            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    3816
    3817        return Create(
    3818            this=table_expression,
    3819            kind="TABLE",
    3820            expression=instance,
    3821            properties=properties_expression,
    3822        )

Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
>     'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- properties: an optional mapping of table properties
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input table.

###### Returns:

> The new Create expression.

def lock( self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    3824    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3825        """
    3826        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    3827
    3828        Examples:
    3829            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    3830            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    3831
    3832            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    3833            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    3834
    3835        Args:
    3836            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    3837            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3838
    3839        Returns:
    3840            The modified expression.
    3841        """
    3842        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3843        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    3844
    3845        return inst

Set the locking read mode for this expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"

###### Arguments:

- update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

def hint( self, *hints: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    3847    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3848        """
    3849        Set hints for this expression.
    3850
    3851        Examples:
    3852            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    3853            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    3854
    3855        Args:
    3856            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    3857                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3858            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    3859            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3860
    3861        Returns:
    3862            The modified expression.
    3863        """
    3864        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3865        inst.set(
    3866            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    3867        )
    3868
    3869        return inst

Set hints for this expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
>     'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
- copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    3871    @property
    3872    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3873        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

is_star: bool View Source

    3875    @property
    3876    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3877        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)

Checks whether an expression is a star.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3879    @property
    3880    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3881        return self.expressions

Returns the query's projections.

key = 'select'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

UNWRAPPED_QUERIES = (<class 'Select'>, <class 'SetOperation'>)
class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query): View Source

    3887class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query):
    3888    arg_types = {
    3889        "this": True,
    3890        "alias": False,
    3891        "with": False,
    3892        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3893    }
    3894
    3895    def unnest(self):
    3896        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    3897        expression = self
    3898        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    3899            expression = expression.this
    3900        return expression
    3901
    3902    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    3903        expression = self
    3904        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    3905            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    3906        return expression
    3907
    3908    def select(
    3909        self,
    3910        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3911        append: bool = True,
    3912        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3913        copy: bool = True,
    3914        **opts,
    3915    ) -> Subquery:
    3916        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3917        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3918        return this
    3919
    3920    @property
    3921    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    3922        """
    3923        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    3924
    3925        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    3926                      ^
    3927                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    3928        """
    3929        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")
    3930
    3931    @property
    3932    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3933        return self.this.is_star
    3934
    3935    @property
    3936    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3937        return self.alias

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': False, 'with': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def unnest(self): View Source

    3895    def unnest(self):
    3896        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    3897        expression = self
    3898        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    3899            expression = expression.this
    3900        return expression

Returns the first non subquery.

def unwrap(self) -> Subquery: View Source

    3902    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    3903        expression = self
    3904        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    3905            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    3906        return expression

def select( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Subquery: View Source

    3908    def select(
    3909        self,
    3910        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3911        append: bool = True,
    3912        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3913        copy: bool = True,
    3914        **opts,
    3915    ) -> Subquery:
    3916        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3917        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3918        return this

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

is_wrapper: bool View Source

    3920    @property
    3921    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    3922        """
    3923        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    3924
    3925        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    3926                      ^
    3927                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    3928        """
    3929        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")

Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.

SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t))) ^ This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node

is_star: bool View Source

    3931    @property
    3932    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3933        return self.this.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

output_name: str View Source

    3935    @property
    3936    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3937        return self.alias

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'subquery'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DerivedTable
  selects
  named_selects
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class TableSample(Expression): View Source

    3940class TableSample(Expression):
    3941    arg_types = {
    3942        "expressions": False,
    3943        "method": False,
    3944        "bucket_numerator": False,
    3945        "bucket_denominator": False,
    3946        "bucket_field": False,
    3947        "percent": False,
    3948        "rows": False,
    3949        "size": False,
    3950        "seed": False,
    3951    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'method': False, 'bucket_numerator': False, 'bucket_denominator': False, 'bucket_field': False, 'percent': False, 'rows': False, 'size': False, 'seed': False}
key = 'tablesample'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Tag(Expression): View Source

    3954class Tag(Expression):
    3955    """Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT <span>x</span>."""
    3956
    3957    arg_types = {
    3958        "this": False,
    3959        "prefix": False,
    3960        "postfix": False,
    3961    }

Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT x.

arg_types = {'this': False, 'prefix': False, 'postfix': False}
key = 'tag'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Pivot(Expression): View Source

    3966class Pivot(Expression):
    3967    arg_types = {
    3968        "this": False,
    3969        "alias": False,
    3970        "expressions": False,
    3971        "field": False,
    3972        "unpivot": False,
    3973        "using": False,
    3974        "group": False,
    3975        "columns": False,
    3976        "include_nulls": False,
    3977        "default_on_null": False,
    3978    }
    3979
    3980    @property
    3981    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    3982        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))

arg_types = {'this': False, 'alias': False, 'expressions': False, 'field': False, 'unpivot': False, 'using': False, 'group': False, 'columns': False, 'include_nulls': False, 'default_on_null': False}
unpivot: bool View Source

    3980    @property
    3981    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    3982        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))

key = 'pivot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Window(Condition): View Source

    3985class Window(Condition):
    3986    arg_types = {
    3987        "this": True,
    3988        "partition_by": False,
    3989        "order": False,
    3990        "spec": False,
    3991        "alias": False,
    3992        "over": False,
    3993        "first": False,
    3994    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'partition_by': False, 'order': False, 'spec': False, 'alias': False, 'over': False, 'first': False}
key = 'window'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WindowSpec(Expression): View Source

    3997class WindowSpec(Expression):
    3998    arg_types = {
    3999        "kind": False,
    4000        "start": False,
    4001        "start_side": False,
    4002        "end": False,
    4003        "end_side": False,
    4004    }

arg_types = {'kind': False, 'start': False, 'start_side': False, 'end': False, 'end_side': False}
key = 'windowspec'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PreWhere(Expression): View Source

    4007class PreWhere(Expression):
    4008    pass

key = 'prewhere'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Where(Expression): View Source

    4011class Where(Expression):
    4012    pass

key = 'where'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Star(Expression): View Source

    4015class Star(Expression):
    4016    arg_types = {"except": False, "replace": False, "rename": False}
    4017
    4018    @property
    4019    def name(self) -> str:
    4020        return "*"
    4021
    4022    @property
    4023    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4024        return self.name

arg_types = {'except': False, 'replace': False, 'rename': False}
name: str View Source

    4018    @property
    4019    def name(self) -> str:
    4020        return "*"

output_name: str View Source

    4022    @property
    4023    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4024        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'star'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Parameter(Condition): View Source

    4027class Parameter(Condition):
    4028    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'parameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SessionParameter(Condition): View Source

    4031class SessionParameter(Condition):
    4032    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'sessionparameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Placeholder(Condition): View Source

    4035class Placeholder(Condition):
    4036    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False}
    4037
    4038    @property
    4039    def name(self) -> str:
    4040        return self.this or "?"

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False}
name: str View Source

    4038    @property
    4039    def name(self) -> str:
    4040        return self.this or "?"

key = 'placeholder'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Null(Condition): View Source

    4043class Null(Condition):
    4044    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    4045
    4046    @property
    4047    def name(self) -> str:
    4048        return "NULL"
    4049
    4050    def to_py(self) -> Lit[None]:
    4051        return None

arg_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
name: str View Source

    4046    @property
    4047    def name(self) -> str:
    4048        return "NULL"

def to_py(self) -> Literal[None]: View Source

    4050    def to_py(self) -> Lit[None]:
    4051        return None

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

key = 'null'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Boolean(Condition): View Source

    4054class Boolean(Condition):
    4055    def to_py(self) -> bool:
    4056        return self.this

def to_py(self) -> bool: View Source

    4055    def to_py(self) -> bool:
    4056        return self.this

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

key = 'boolean'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DataTypeParam(Expression): View Source

    4059class DataTypeParam(Expression):
    4060    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4061
    4062    @property
    4063    def name(self) -> str:
    4064        return self.this.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
name: str View Source

    4062    @property
    4063    def name(self) -> str:
    4064        return self.this.name

key = 'datatypeparam'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DataType(Expression): View Source

    4069class DataType(Expression):
    4070    arg_types = {
    4071        "this": True,
    4072        "expressions": False,
    4073        "nested": False,
    4074        "values": False,
    4075        "prefix": False,
    4076        "kind": False,
    4077        "nullable": False,
    4078    }
    4079
    4080    class Type(AutoName):
    4081        ARRAY = auto()
    4082        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4083        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4084        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    4085        BIGINT = auto()
    4086        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    4087        BINARY = auto()
    4088        BIT = auto()
    4089        BOOLEAN = auto()
    4090        BPCHAR = auto()
    4091        CHAR = auto()
    4092        DATE = auto()
    4093        DATE32 = auto()
    4094        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4095        DATERANGE = auto()
    4096        DATETIME = auto()
    4097        DATETIME64 = auto()
    4098        DECIMAL = auto()
    4099        DECIMAL32 = auto()
    4100        DECIMAL64 = auto()
    4101        DECIMAL128 = auto()
    4102        DOUBLE = auto()
    4103        ENUM = auto()
    4104        ENUM8 = auto()
    4105        ENUM16 = auto()
    4106        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    4107        FLOAT = auto()
    4108        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    4109        GEOMETRY = auto()
    4110        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    4111        HSTORE = auto()
    4112        IMAGE = auto()
    4113        INET = auto()
    4114        INT = auto()
    4115        INT128 = auto()
    4116        INT256 = auto()
    4117        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4118        INT4RANGE = auto()
    4119        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4120        INT8RANGE = auto()
    4121        INTERVAL = auto()
    4122        IPADDRESS = auto()
    4123        IPPREFIX = auto()
    4124        IPV4 = auto()
    4125        IPV6 = auto()
    4126        JSON = auto()
    4127        JSONB = auto()
    4128        LIST = auto()
    4129        LONGBLOB = auto()
    4130        LONGTEXT = auto()
    4131        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    4132        MAP = auto()
    4133        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    4134        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    4135        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    4136        MONEY = auto()
    4137        NAME = auto()
    4138        NCHAR = auto()
    4139        NESTED = auto()
    4140        NULL = auto()
    4141        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4142        NUMRANGE = auto()
    4143        NVARCHAR = auto()
    4144        OBJECT = auto()
    4145        RANGE = auto()
    4146        ROWVERSION = auto()
    4147        SERIAL = auto()
    4148        SET = auto()
    4149        SMALLINT = auto()
    4150        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4151        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4152        STRUCT = auto()
    4153        SUPER = auto()
    4154        TEXT = auto()
    4155        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4156        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4157        TIME = auto()
    4158        TIMETZ = auto()
    4159        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4160        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4161        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4162        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4163        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4164        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4165        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4166        TINYINT = auto()
    4167        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4168        TSRANGE = auto()
    4169        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4170        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4171        UBIGINT = auto()
    4172        UINT = auto()
    4173        UINT128 = auto()
    4174        UINT256 = auto()
    4175        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4176        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4177        UNION = auto()
    4178        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4179        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4180        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4181        USMALLINT = auto()
    4182        UTINYINT = auto()
    4183        UUID = auto()
    4184        VARBINARY = auto()
    4185        VARCHAR = auto()
    4186        VARIANT = auto()
    4187        VECTOR = auto()
    4188        XML = auto()
    4189        YEAR = auto()
    4190        TDIGEST = auto()
    4191
    4192    STRUCT_TYPES = {
    4193        Type.NESTED,
    4194        Type.OBJECT,
    4195        Type.STRUCT,
    4196        Type.UNION,
    4197    }
    4198
    4199    ARRAY_TYPES = {
    4200        Type.ARRAY,
    4201        Type.LIST,
    4202    }
    4203
    4204    NESTED_TYPES = {
    4205        *STRUCT_TYPES,
    4206        *ARRAY_TYPES,
    4207        Type.MAP,
    4208    }
    4209
    4210    TEXT_TYPES = {
    4211        Type.CHAR,
    4212        Type.NCHAR,
    4213        Type.NVARCHAR,
    4214        Type.TEXT,
    4215        Type.VARCHAR,
    4216        Type.NAME,
    4217    }
    4218
    4219    SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4220        Type.BIGINT,
    4221        Type.INT,
    4222        Type.INT128,
    4223        Type.INT256,
    4224        Type.MEDIUMINT,
    4225        Type.SMALLINT,
    4226        Type.TINYINT,
    4227    }
    4228
    4229    UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4230        Type.UBIGINT,
    4231        Type.UINT,
    4232        Type.UINT128,
    4233        Type.UINT256,
    4234        Type.UMEDIUMINT,
    4235        Type.USMALLINT,
    4236        Type.UTINYINT,
    4237    }
    4238
    4239    INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4240        *SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4241        *UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4242        Type.BIT,
    4243    }
    4244
    4245    FLOAT_TYPES = {
    4246        Type.DOUBLE,
    4247        Type.FLOAT,
    4248    }
    4249
    4250    REAL_TYPES = {
    4251        *FLOAT_TYPES,
    4252        Type.BIGDECIMAL,
    4253        Type.DECIMAL,
    4254        Type.DECIMAL32,
    4255        Type.DECIMAL64,
    4256        Type.DECIMAL128,
    4257        Type.MONEY,
    4258        Type.SMALLMONEY,
    4259        Type.UDECIMAL,
    4260    }
    4261
    4262    NUMERIC_TYPES = {
    4263        *INTEGER_TYPES,
    4264        *REAL_TYPES,
    4265    }
    4266
    4267    TEMPORAL_TYPES = {
    4268        Type.DATE,
    4269        Type.DATE32,
    4270        Type.DATETIME,
    4271        Type.DATETIME64,
    4272        Type.TIME,
    4273        Type.TIMESTAMP,
    4274        Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
    4275        Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    4276        Type.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    4277        Type.TIMESTAMP_MS,
    4278        Type.TIMESTAMP_NS,
    4279        Type.TIMESTAMP_S,
    4280        Type.TIMETZ,
    4281    }
    4282
    4283    @classmethod
    4284    def build(
    4285        cls,
    4286        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4287        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4288        udt: bool = False,
    4289        copy: bool = True,
    4290        **kwargs,
    4291    ) -> DataType:
    4292        """
    4293        Constructs a DataType object.
    4294
    4295        Args:
    4296            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4297            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4298            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4299                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4300            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4301            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4302
    4303        Returns:
    4304            The constructed DataType object.
    4305        """
    4306        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4307
    4308        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4309            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4310                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4311
    4312            try:
    4313                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4314                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4315                )
    4316            except ParseError:
    4317                if udt:
    4318                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4319                raise
    4320        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4321            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4322        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4323            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4324        else:
    4325            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4326
    4327        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})
    4328
    4329    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE, check_nullable: bool = False) -> bool:
    4330        """
    4331        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4332        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4333
    4334        Args:
    4335            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4336            check_nullable: whether to take the NULLABLE type constructor into account for the comparison.
    4337                If false, it means that NULLABLE<INT> is equivalent to INT.
    4338
    4339        Returns:
    4340            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4341        """
    4342        self_is_nullable = self.args.get("nullable")
    4343        for dtype in dtypes:
    4344            other_type = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4345            other_is_nullable = other_type.args.get("nullable")
    4346            if (
    4347                other_type.expressions
    4348                or (check_nullable and (self_is_nullable or other_is_nullable))
    4349                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4350                or other_type.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4351            ):
    4352                matches = self == other_type
    4353            else:
    4354                matches = self.this == other_type.this
    4355
    4356            if matches:
    4357                return True
    4358        return False

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'nested': False, 'values': False, 'prefix': False, 'kind': False, 'nullable': False}
STRUCT_TYPES = {<Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <Type.UNION: 'UNION'>}
ARRAY_TYPES = {<Type.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <Type.LIST: 'LIST'>}
NESTED_TYPES = {<Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <Type.MAP: 'MAP'>, <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <Type.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <Type.LIST: 'LIST'>, <Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <Type.UNION: 'UNION'>}
TEXT_TYPES = {<Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <Type.NAME: 'NAME'>, <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}
SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>, <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>}
UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>}
INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>, <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>}
FLOAT_TYPES = {<Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>}
REAL_TYPES = {<Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <Type.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <Type.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <Type.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>}
NUMERIC_TYPES = {<Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>, <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>, <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <Type.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>, <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>}
TEMPORAL_TYPES = {<Type.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>, <Type.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <Type.DATE: 'DATE'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>}
@classmethod
def build( cls, dtype: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, udt: bool = False, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> DataType: View Source

    4283    @classmethod
    4284    def build(
    4285        cls,
    4286        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4287        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4288        udt: bool = False,
    4289        copy: bool = True,
    4290        **kwargs,
    4291    ) -> DataType:
    4292        """
    4293        Constructs a DataType object.
    4294
    4295        Args:
    4296            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4297            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4298            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4299                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4300            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4301            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4302
    4303        Returns:
    4304            The constructed DataType object.
    4305        """
    4306        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4307
    4308        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4309            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4310                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4311
    4312            try:
    4313                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4314                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4315                )
    4316            except ParseError:
    4317                if udt:
    4318                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4319                raise
    4320        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4321            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4322        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4323            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4324        else:
    4325            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4326
    4327        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})

Constructs a DataType object.

###### Arguments:

- dtype: the data type of interest.
- dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
- udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
- copy: whether to copy the data type.
- kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.

###### Returns:

> The constructed DataType object.

def is_type( self, *dtypes: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type], check_nullable: bool = False) -> bool: View Source

    4329    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE, check_nullable: bool = False) -> bool:
    4330        """
    4331        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4332        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4333
    4334        Args:
    4335            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4336            check_nullable: whether to take the NULLABLE type constructor into account for the comparison.
    4337                If false, it means that NULLABLE<INT> is equivalent to INT.
    4338
    4339        Returns:
    4340            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4341        """
    4342        self_is_nullable = self.args.get("nullable")
    4343        for dtype in dtypes:
    4344            other_type = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4345            other_is_nullable = other_type.args.get("nullable")
    4346            if (
    4347                other_type.expressions
    4348                or (check_nullable and (self_is_nullable or other_is_nullable))
    4349                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4350                or other_type.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4351            ):
    4352                matches = self == other_type
    4353            else:
    4354                matches = self.this == other_type.this
    4355
    4356            if matches:
    4357                return True
    4358        return False

Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array != array.

###### Arguments:

- dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
- check_nullable: whether to take the NULLABLE type constructor into account for the comparison. If false, it means that NULLABLE is equivalent to INT.

###### Returns:

> True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.

key = 'datatype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DataType.Type(sqlglot.helper.AutoName): View Source

    4080    class Type(AutoName):
    4081        ARRAY = auto()
    4082        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4083        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4084        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    4085        BIGINT = auto()
    4086        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    4087        BINARY = auto()
    4088        BIT = auto()
    4089        BOOLEAN = auto()
    4090        BPCHAR = auto()
    4091        CHAR = auto()
    4092        DATE = auto()
    4093        DATE32 = auto()
    4094        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4095        DATERANGE = auto()
    4096        DATETIME = auto()
    4097        DATETIME64 = auto()
    4098        DECIMAL = auto()
    4099        DECIMAL32 = auto()
    4100        DECIMAL64 = auto()
    4101        DECIMAL128 = auto()
    4102        DOUBLE = auto()
    4103        ENUM = auto()
    4104        ENUM8 = auto()
    4105        ENUM16 = auto()
    4106        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    4107        FLOAT = auto()
    4108        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    4109        GEOMETRY = auto()
    4110        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    4111        HSTORE = auto()
    4112        IMAGE = auto()
    4113        INET = auto()
    4114        INT = auto()
    4115        INT128 = auto()
    4116        INT256 = auto()
    4117        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4118        INT4RANGE = auto()
    4119        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4120        INT8RANGE = auto()
    4121        INTERVAL = auto()
    4122        IPADDRESS = auto()
    4123        IPPREFIX = auto()
    4124        IPV4 = auto()
    4125        IPV6 = auto()
    4126        JSON = auto()
    4127        JSONB = auto()
    4128        LIST = auto()
    4129        LONGBLOB = auto()
    4130        LONGTEXT = auto()
    4131        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    4132        MAP = auto()
    4133        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    4134        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    4135        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    4136        MONEY = auto()
    4137        NAME = auto()
    4138        NCHAR = auto()
    4139        NESTED = auto()
    4140        NULL = auto()
    4141        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4142        NUMRANGE = auto()
    4143        NVARCHAR = auto()
    4144        OBJECT = auto()
    4145        RANGE = auto()
    4146        ROWVERSION = auto()
    4147        SERIAL = auto()
    4148        SET = auto()
    4149        SMALLINT = auto()
    4150        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4151        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4152        STRUCT = auto()
    4153        SUPER = auto()
    4154        TEXT = auto()
    4155        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4156        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4157        TIME = auto()
    4158        TIMETZ = auto()
    4159        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4160        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4161        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4162        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4163        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4164        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4165        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4166        TINYINT = auto()
    4167        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4168        TSRANGE = auto()
    4169        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4170        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4171        UBIGINT = auto()
    4172        UINT = auto()
    4173        UINT128 = auto()
    4174        UINT256 = auto()
    4175        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4176        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4177        UNION = auto()
    4178        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4179        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4180        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4181        USMALLINT = auto()
    4182        UTINYINT = auto()
    4183        UUID = auto()
    4184        VARBINARY = auto()
    4185        VARCHAR = auto()
    4186        VARIANT = auto()
    4187        VECTOR = auto()
    4188        XML = auto()
    4189        YEAR = auto()
    4190        TDIGEST = auto()

An enumeration.

ARRAY = <Type.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>
AGGREGATEFUNCTION = <Type.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>
SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = <Type.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>
BIGDECIMAL = <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>
BIGINT = <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>
BIGSERIAL = <Type.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>
BINARY = <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>
BIT = <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>
BOOLEAN = <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>
BPCHAR = <Type.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>
CHAR = <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>
DATE = <Type.DATE: 'DATE'>
DATE32 = <Type.DATE32: 'DATE32'>
DATEMULTIRANGE = <Type.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>
DATERANGE = <Type.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>
DATETIME = <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>
DATETIME64 = <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>
DECIMAL = <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>
DECIMAL32 = <Type.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>
DECIMAL64 = <Type.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>
DECIMAL128 = <Type.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>
DOUBLE = <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>
ENUM = <Type.ENUM: 'ENUM'>
ENUM8 = <Type.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>
ENUM16 = <Type.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>
FIXEDSTRING = <Type.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>
FLOAT = <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>
GEOGRAPHY = <Type.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>
GEOMETRY = <Type.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>
HLLSKETCH = <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>
HSTORE = <Type.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>
IMAGE = <Type.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>
INET = <Type.INET: 'INET'>
INT = <Type.INT: 'INT'>
INT128 = <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>
INT256 = <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>
INT4MULTIRANGE = <Type.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>
INT4RANGE = <Type.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>
INT8MULTIRANGE = <Type.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>
INT8RANGE = <Type.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>
INTERVAL = <Type.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>
IPADDRESS = <Type.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>
IPPREFIX = <Type.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>
IPV4 = <Type.IPV4: 'IPV4'>
IPV6 = <Type.IPV6: 'IPV6'>
JSON = <Type.JSON: 'JSON'>
JSONB = <Type.JSONB: 'JSONB'>
LIST = <Type.LIST: 'LIST'>
LONGBLOB = <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>
LONGTEXT = <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>
LOWCARDINALITY = <Type.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>
MAP = <Type.MAP: 'MAP'>
MEDIUMBLOB = <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>
MEDIUMINT = <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>
MEDIUMTEXT = <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>
MONEY = <Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>
NAME = <Type.NAME: 'NAME'>
NCHAR = <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>
NESTED = <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>
NULL = <Type.NULL: 'NULL'>
NUMMULTIRANGE = <Type.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>
NUMRANGE = <Type.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>
NVARCHAR = <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>
OBJECT = <Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>
RANGE = <Type.RANGE: 'RANGE'>
ROWVERSION = <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>
SERIAL = <Type.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>
SET = <Type.SET: 'SET'>
SMALLINT = <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>
SMALLMONEY = <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>
SMALLSERIAL = <Type.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>
STRUCT = <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>
SUPER = <Type.SUPER: 'SUPER'>
TEXT = <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>
TINYBLOB = <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>
TINYTEXT = <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>
TIME = <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>
TIMETZ = <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>
TIMESTAMP = <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>
TIMESTAMPNTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>
TIMESTAMPLTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>
TIMESTAMPTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>
TIMESTAMP_S = <Type.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>
TIMESTAMP_MS = <Type.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>
TIMESTAMP_NS = <Type.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>
TINYINT = <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>
TSMULTIRANGE = <Type.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>
TSRANGE = <Type.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>
TSTZMULTIRANGE = <Type.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>
TSTZRANGE = <Type.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>
UBIGINT = <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>
UINT = <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>
UINT128 = <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>
UINT256 = <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>
UMEDIUMINT = <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>
UDECIMAL = <Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>
UNION = <Type.UNION: 'UNION'>
UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = <Type.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>
UNKNOWN = <Type.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>
USERDEFINED = <Type.USERDEFINED: 'USER-DEFINED'>
USMALLINT = <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>
UTINYINT = <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>
UUID = <Type.UUID: 'UUID'>
VARBINARY = <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>
VARCHAR = <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>
VARIANT = <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>
VECTOR = <Type.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>
XML = <Type.XML: 'XML'>
YEAR = <Type.YEAR: 'YEAR'>
TDIGEST = <Type.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>

##### Inherited Members

enum.Enum
  name
  value

DATA_TYPE = typing.Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]
class PseudoType(DataType): View Source

    4365class PseudoType(DataType):
    4366    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'pseudotype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  ARRAY_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class ObjectIdentifier(DataType): View Source

    4370class ObjectIdentifier(DataType):
    4371    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'objectidentifier'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  ARRAY_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate): View Source

    4375class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate):
    4376    pass

key = 'subquerypredicate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class All(SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    4379class All(SubqueryPredicate):
    4380    pass

key = 'all'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Any(SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    4383class Any(SubqueryPredicate):
    4384    pass

key = 'any'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Exists(SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    4387class Exists(SubqueryPredicate):
    4388    pass

key = 'exists'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Command(Expression): View Source

    4393class Command(Expression):
    4394    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'command'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Transaction(Expression): View Source

    4397class Transaction(Expression):
    4398    arg_types = {"this": False, "modes": False, "mark": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'modes': False, 'mark': False}
key = 'transaction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Commit(Expression): View Source

    4401class Commit(Expression):
    4402    arg_types = {"chain": False, "this": False, "durability": False}

arg_types = {'chain': False, 'this': False, 'durability': False}
key = 'commit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Rollback(Expression): View Source

    4405class Rollback(Expression):
    4406    arg_types = {"savepoint": False, "this": False}

arg_types = {'savepoint': False, 'this': False}
key = 'rollback'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Alter(Expression): View Source

    4409class Alter(Expression):
    4410    arg_types = {
    4411        "this": True,
    4412        "kind": True,
    4413        "actions": True,
    4414        "exists": False,
    4415        "only": False,
    4416        "options": False,
    4417        "cluster": False,
    4418        "not_valid": False,
    4419    }
    4420
    4421    @property
    4422    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    4423        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    4424        return kind and kind.upper()
    4425
    4426    @property
    4427    def actions(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4428        return self.args.get("actions") or []

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'actions': True, 'exists': False, 'only': False, 'options': False, 'cluster': False, 'not_valid': False}
kind: Optional[str] View Source

    4421    @property
    4422    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    4423        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    4424        return kind and kind.upper()

actions: List[Expression] View Source

    4426    @property
    4427    def actions(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4428        return self.args.get("actions") or []

key = 'alter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AddConstraint(Expression): View Source

    4431class AddConstraint(Expression):
    4432    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'addconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DropPartition(Expression): View Source

    4435class DropPartition(Expression):
    4436    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'droppartition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ReplacePartition(Expression): View Source

    4440class ReplacePartition(Expression):
    4441    arg_types = {"expression": True, "source": True}

arg_types = {'expression': True, 'source': True}
key = 'replacepartition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Binary(Condition): View Source

    4445class Binary(Condition):
    4446    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4447
    4448    @property
    4449    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4450        return self.this
    4451
    4452    @property
    4453    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4454        return self.expression

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
left: Expression View Source

    4448    @property
    4449    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4450        return self.this

right: Expression View Source

    4452    @property
    4453    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4454        return self.expression

key = 'binary'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
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  div
  asc
  desc

class Add(Binary): View Source

    4457class Add(Binary):
    4458    pass

key = 'add'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Connector(Binary): View Source

    4461class Connector(Binary):
    4462    pass

key = 'connector'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class And(Connector): View Source

    4465class And(Connector):
    4466    pass

key = 'and'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Or(Connector): View Source

    4469class Or(Connector):
    4470    pass

key = 'or'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
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  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseAnd(Binary): View Source

    4473class BitwiseAnd(Binary):
    4474    pass

key = 'bitwiseand'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary): View Source

    4477class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary):
    4478    pass

key = 'bitwiseleftshift'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseOr(Binary): View Source

    4481class BitwiseOr(Binary):
    4482    pass

key = 'bitwiseor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseRightShift(Binary): View Source

    4485class BitwiseRightShift(Binary):
    4486    pass

key = 'bitwiserightshift'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseXor(Binary): View Source

    4489class BitwiseXor(Binary):
    4490    pass

key = 'bitwisexor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Div(Binary): View Source

    4493class Div(Binary):
    4494    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "typed": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'typed': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'div'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class Overlaps(Binary): View Source

    4497class Overlaps(Binary):
    4498    pass

key = 'overlaps'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  desc
Binary
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  left
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class Dot(Binary): View Source

    4501class Dot(Binary):
    4502    @property
    4503    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4504        return self.expression.is_star
    4505
    4506    @property
    4507    def name(self) -> str:
    4508        return self.expression.name
    4509
    4510    @property
    4511    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4512        return self.name
    4513
    4514    @classmethod
    4515    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4516        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4517        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4518            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4519
    4520        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))
    4521
    4522    @property
    4523    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4524        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4525        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4526
    4527        parts.reverse()
    4528
    4529        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4530            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4531
    4532            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4533                parts.append(part)
    4534
    4535        parts.reverse()
    4536        return parts

is_star: bool View Source

    4502    @property
    4503    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4504        return self.expression.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

name: str View Source

    4506    @property
    4507    def name(self) -> str:
    4508        return self.expression.name

output_name: str View Source

    4510    @property
    4511    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4512        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

@classmethod
def build( self, expressions: Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot: View Source

    4514    @classmethod
    4515    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4516        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4517        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4518            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4519
    4520        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))

Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions.

parts: List[Expression] View Source

    4522    @property
    4523    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4524        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4525        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4526
    4527        parts.reverse()
    4528
    4529        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4530            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4531
    4532            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4533                parts.append(part)
    4534
    4535        parts.reverse()
    4536        return parts

Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table.

key = 'dot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  asc
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class DPipe(Binary): View Source

    4539class DPipe(Binary):
    4540    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'safe': False}
key = 'dpipe'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class EQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4543class EQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4544    pass

key = 'eq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4547class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4548    pass

key = 'nullsafeeq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4551class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4552    pass

key = 'nullsafeneq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class PropertyEQ(Binary): View Source

    4556class PropertyEQ(Binary):
    4557    pass

key = 'propertyeq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Distance(Binary): View Source

    4560class Distance(Binary):
    4561    pass

key = 'distance'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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  isin
  between
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Binary
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class Escape(Binary): View Source

    4564class Escape(Binary):
    4565    pass

key = 'escape'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
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Binary
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  left
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class Glob(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4568class Glob(Binary, Predicate):
    4569    pass

key = 'glob'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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Binary
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  left
  right

class GT(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4572class GT(Binary, Predicate):
    4573    pass

key = 'gt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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Binary
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  right

class GTE(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4576class GTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4577    pass

key = 'gte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class ILike(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4580class ILike(Binary, Predicate):
    4581    pass

key = 'ilike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4584class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4585    pass

key = 'ilikeany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class IntDiv(Binary): View Source

    4588class IntDiv(Binary):
    4589    pass

key = 'intdiv'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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Binary
  arg_types
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class Is(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4592class Is(Binary, Predicate):
    4593    pass

key = 'is'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
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Binary
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class Kwarg(Binary): View Source

    4596class Kwarg(Binary):
    4597    """Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y)."""

Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y).

key = 'kwarg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Like(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4600class Like(Binary, Predicate):
    4601    pass

key = 'like'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4604class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4605    pass

key = 'likeany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class LT(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4608class LT(Binary, Predicate):
    4609    pass

key = 'lt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class LTE(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4612class LTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4613    pass

key = 'lte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Mod(Binary): View Source

    4616class Mod(Binary):
    4617    pass

key = 'mod'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  desc
Binary
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class Mul(Binary): View Source

    4620class Mul(Binary):
    4621    pass

key = 'mul'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
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class NEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4624class NEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4625    pass

key = 'neq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  desc
Binary
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class Operator(Binary): View Source

    4629class Operator(Binary):
    4630    arg_types = {"this": True, "operator": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'operator': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'operator'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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Binary
  left
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class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4633class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate):
    4634    pass

key = 'similarto'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
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  arg_types
  left
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class Slice(Binary): View Source

    4637class Slice(Binary):
    4638    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False}
key = 'slice'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class Sub(Binary): View Source

    4641class Sub(Binary):
    4642    pass

key = 'sub'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Unary(Condition): View Source

    4647class Unary(Condition):
    4648    pass

key = 'unary'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class BitwiseNot(Unary): View Source

    4651class BitwiseNot(Unary):
    4652    pass

key = 'bitwisenot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Not(Unary): View Source

    4655class Not(Unary):
    4656    pass

key = 'not'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Paren(Unary): View Source

    4659class Paren(Unary):
    4660    @property
    4661    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4662        return self.this.name

output_name: str View Source

    4660    @property
    4661    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4662        return self.this.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'paren'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Neg(Unary): View Source

    4665class Neg(Unary):
    4666    def to_py(self) -> int | Decimal:
    4667        if self.is_number:
    4668            return self.this.to_py() * -1
    4669        return super().to_py()

def to_py(self) -> int | decimal.Decimal: View Source

    4666    def to_py(self) -> int | Decimal:
    4667        if self.is_number:
    4668            return self.this.to_py() * -1
    4669        return super().to_py()

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

key = 'neg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Alias(Expression): View Source

    4672class Alias(Expression):
    4673    arg_types = {"this": True, "alias": False}
    4674
    4675    @property
    4676    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4677        return self.alias

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': False}
output_name: str View Source

    4675    @property
    4676    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4677        return self.alias

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'alias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PivotAlias(Alias): View Source

    4682class PivotAlias(Alias):
    4683    pass

key = 'pivotalias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Alias
  arg_types
  output_name

class PivotAny(Expression): View Source

    4688class PivotAny(Expression):
    4689    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'pivotany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Aliases(Expression): View Source

    4692class Aliases(Expression):
    4693    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    4694
    4695    @property
    4696    def aliases(self):
    4697        return self.expressions

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
aliases View Source

    4695    @property
    4696    def aliases(self):
    4697        return self.expressions

key = 'aliases'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AtIndex(Expression): View Source

    4701class AtIndex(Expression):
    4702    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'atindex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AtTimeZone(Expression): View Source

    4705class AtTimeZone(Expression):
    4706    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': True}
key = 'attimezone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class FromTimeZone(Expression): View Source

    4709class FromTimeZone(Expression):
    4710    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': True}
key = 'fromtimezone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Between(Predicate): View Source

    4713class Between(Predicate):
    4714    arg_types = {"this": True, "low": True, "high": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'low': True, 'high': True}
key = 'between'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Bracket(Condition): View Source

    4717class Bracket(Condition):
    4718    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/operators#array_subscript_operator
    4719    arg_types = {
    4720        "this": True,
    4721        "expressions": True,
    4722        "offset": False,
    4723        "safe": False,
    4724        "returns_list_for_maps": False,
    4725    }
    4726
    4727    @property
    4728    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4729        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4730            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4731
    4732        return super().output_name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'offset': False, 'safe': False, 'returns_list_for_maps': False}
output_name: str View Source

    4727    @property
    4728    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4729        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4730            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4731
    4732        return super().output_name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'bracket'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Distinct(Expression): View Source

    4735class Distinct(Expression):
    4736    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "on": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'on': False}
key = 'distinct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class In(Predicate): View Source

    4739class In(Predicate):
    4740    arg_types = {
    4741        "this": True,
    4742        "expressions": False,
    4743        "query": False,
    4744        "unnest": False,
    4745        "field": False,
    4746        "is_global": False,
    4747    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'query': False, 'unnest': False, 'field': False, 'is_global': False}
key = 'in'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
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  asc
  desc

class ForIn(Expression): View Source

    4751class ForIn(Expression):
    4752    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'forin'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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class TimeUnit(Expression): View Source

    4755class TimeUnit(Expression):
    4756    """Automatically converts unit arg into a var."""
    4757
    4758    arg_types = {"unit": False}
    4759
    4760    UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {
    4761        "D": "DAY",
    4762        "H": "HOUR",
    4763        "M": "MINUTE",
    4764        "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    4765        "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    4766        "Q": "QUARTER",
    4767        "S": "SECOND",
    4768        "US": "MICROSECOND",
    4769        "W": "WEEK",
    4770        "Y": "YEAR",
    4771    }
    4772
    4773    VAR_LIKE = (Column, Literal, Var)
    4774
    4775    def __init__(self, **args):
    4776        unit = args.get("unit")
    4777        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    4778            args["unit"] = Var(
    4779                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    4780            )
    4781        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    4782            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    4783
    4784        super().__init__(**args)
    4785
    4786    @property
    4787    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    4788        return self.args.get("unit")

Automatically converts unit arg into a var.

TimeUnit(**args) View Source

    4775    def __init__(self, **args):
    4776        unit = args.get("unit")
    4777        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    4778            args["unit"] = Var(
    4779                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    4780            )
    4781        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    4782            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    4783
    4784        super().__init__(**args)

arg_types = {'unit': False}
UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {'D': 'DAY', 'H': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'S': 'SECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'W': 'WEEK', 'Y': 'YEAR'}
VAR_LIKE = (<class 'Column'>, <class 'Literal'>, <class 'Var'>)
unit: Union[Var, IntervalSpan, NoneType] View Source

    4786    @property
    4787    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    4788        return self.args.get("unit")

key = 'timeunit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IntervalOp(TimeUnit): View Source

    4791class IntervalOp(TimeUnit):
    4792    arg_types = {"unit": False, "expression": True}
    4793
    4794    def interval(self):
    4795        return Interval(
    4796            this=self.expression.copy(),
    4797            unit=self.unit.copy() if self.unit else None,
    4798        )

arg_types = {'unit': False, 'expression': True}
def interval(self): View Source

    4794    def interval(self):
    4795        return Interval(
    4796            this=self.expression.copy(),
    4797            unit=self.unit.copy() if self.unit else None,
    4798        )

key = 'intervalop'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class IntervalSpan(DataType): View Source

    4804class IntervalSpan(DataType):
    4805    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'intervalspan'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
  is_
  like
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  ARRAY_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class Interval(TimeUnit): View Source

    4808class Interval(TimeUnit):
    4809    arg_types = {"this": False, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'unit': False}
key = 'interval'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IgnoreNulls(Expression): View Source

    4812class IgnoreNulls(Expression):
    4813    pass

key = 'ignorenulls'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RespectNulls(Expression): View Source

    4816class RespectNulls(Expression):
    4817    pass

key = 'respectnulls'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class HavingMax(Expression): View Source

    4821class HavingMax(Expression):
    4822    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "max": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'max': True}
key = 'havingmax'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Func(Condition): View Source

    4826class Func(Condition):
    4827    """
    4828    The base class for all function expressions.
    4829
    4830    Attributes:
    4831        is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be
    4832            treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
    4833        _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this
    4834            function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as
    4835            well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL
    4836            name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.
    4837    """
    4838
    4839    is_var_len_args = False
    4840
    4841    @classmethod
    4842    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    4843        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    4844            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    4845            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    4846            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    4847            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    4848
    4849            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    4850            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    4851        else:
    4852            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    4853
    4854        return cls(**args_dict)
    4855
    4856    @classmethod
    4857    def sql_names(cls):
    4858        if cls is Func:
    4859            raise NotImplementedError(
    4860                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    4861            )
    4862        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    4863            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    4864        return cls._sql_names
    4865
    4866    @classmethod
    4867    def sql_name(cls):
    4868        return cls.sql_names()[0]
    4869
    4870    @classmethod
    4871    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    4872        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}

The base class for all function expressions.

###### Attributes:

- is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
- _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.

is_var_len_args = False
@classmethod
def from_arg_list(cls, args): View Source

    4841    @classmethod
    4842    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    4843        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    4844            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    4845            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    4846            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    4847            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    4848
    4849            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    4850            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    4851        else:
    4852            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    4853
    4854        return cls(**args_dict)

@classmethod
def sql_names(cls): View Source

    4856    @classmethod
    4857    def sql_names(cls):
    4858        if cls is Func:
    4859            raise NotImplementedError(
    4860                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    4861            )
    4862        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    4863            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    4864        return cls._sql_names

@classmethod
def sql_name(cls): View Source

    4866    @classmethod
    4867    def sql_name(cls):
    4868        return cls.sql_names()[0]

@classmethod
def default_parser_mappings(cls): View Source

    4870    @classmethod
    4871    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    4872        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}

key = 'func'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AggFunc(Func): View Source

    4875class AggFunc(Func):
    4876    pass

key = 'aggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    4879class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc):
    4880    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'params': True}
key = 'parameterizedagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Abs(Func): View Source

    4883class Abs(Func):
    4884    pass

key = 'abs'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArgMax(AggFunc): View Source

    4887class ArgMax(AggFunc):
    4888    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    4889    _sql_names = ["ARG_MAX", "ARGMAX", "MAX_BY"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'count': False}
key = 'argmax'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArgMin(AggFunc): View Source

    4892class ArgMin(AggFunc):
    4893    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    4894    _sql_names = ["ARG_MIN", "ARGMIN", "MIN_BY"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'count': False}
key = 'argmin'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxTopK(AggFunc): View Source

    4897class ApproxTopK(AggFunc):
    4898    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "counters": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'counters': False}
key = 'approxtopk'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Flatten(Func): View Source

    4901class Flatten(Func):
    4902    pass

key = 'flatten'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Transform(Func): View Source

    4906class Transform(Func):
    4907    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'transform'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Anonymous(Func): View Source

    4910class Anonymous(Func):
    4911    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4912    is_var_len_args = True
    4913
    4914    @property
    4915    def name(self) -> str:
    4916        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
name: str View Source

    4914    @property
    4915    def name(self) -> str:
    4916        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name

key = 'anonymous'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc): View Source

    4919class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc):
    4920    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4921    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'anonymousaggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc): View Source

    4925class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc):
    4926    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "parts": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'parts': True}
key = 'combinedaggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
AnonymousAggFunc
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg): View Source

    4929class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg):
    4930    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True, "parts": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'params': True, 'parts': True}
key = 'combinedparameterizedagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Hll(AggFunc): View Source

    4935class Hll(AggFunc):
    4936    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4937    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'hll'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc): View Source

    4940class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc):
    4941    arg_types = {"this": True, "accuracy": False}
    4942    _sql_names = ["APPROX_DISTINCT", "APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'accuracy': False}
key = 'approxdistinct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Apply(Func): View Source

    4945class Apply(Func):
    4946    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'apply'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Array(Func): View Source

    4949class Array(Func):
    4950    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "bracket_notation": False}
    4951    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'bracket_notation': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'array'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToArray(Func): View Source

    4955class ToArray(Func):
    4956    pass

key = 'toarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class List(Func): View Source

    4960class List(Func):
    4961    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    4962    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'list'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Pad(Func): View Source

    4966class Pad(Func):
    4967    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "fill_pattern": False, "is_left": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'fill_pattern': False, 'is_left': True}
key = 'pad'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToChar(Func): View Source

    4972class ToChar(Func):
    4973    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "nlsparam": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'nlsparam': False}
key = 'tochar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToNumber(Func): View Source

    4978class ToNumber(Func):
    4979    arg_types = {
    4980        "this": True,
    4981        "format": False,
    4982        "nlsparam": False,
    4983        "precision": False,
    4984        "scale": False,
    4985    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'nlsparam': False, 'precision': False, 'scale': False}
key = 'tonumber'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Convert(Func): View Source

    4989class Convert(Func):
    4990    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "style": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'style': False}
key = 'convert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ConvertTimezone(Func): View Source

    4993class ConvertTimezone(Func):
    4994    arg_types = {"source_tz": False, "target_tz": True, "timestamp": True}

arg_types = {'source_tz': False, 'target_tz': True, 'timestamp': True}
key = 'converttimezone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GenerateSeries(Func): View Source

    4997class GenerateSeries(Func):
    4998    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False, "is_end_exclusive": False}

arg_types = {'start': True, 'end': True, 'step': False, 'is_end_exclusive': False}
key = 'generateseries'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ExplodingGenerateSeries(GenerateSeries): View Source

    5004class ExplodingGenerateSeries(GenerateSeries):
    5005    pass

key = 'explodinggenerateseries'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
GenerateSeries
  arg_types
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5008class ArrayAgg(AggFunc):
    5009    arg_types = {"this": True, "nulls_excluded": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'nulls_excluded': False}
key = 'arrayagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5012class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc):
    5013    pass

key = 'arrayuniqueagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAll(Func): View Source

    5016class ArrayAll(Func):
    5017    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayall'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAny(Func): View Source

    5021class ArrayAny(Func):
    5022    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayConcat(Func): View Source

    5025class ArrayConcat(Func):
    5026    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONCAT", "ARRAY_CAT"]
    5027    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5028    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'arrayconcat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayConstructCompact(Func): View Source

    5031class ArrayConstructCompact(Func):
    5032    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5033    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'arrayconstructcompact'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayContains(Binary, Func): View Source

    5036class ArrayContains(Binary, Func):
    5037    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS", "ARRAY_HAS"]

key = 'arraycontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func): View Source

    5040class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func):
    5041    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL", "ARRAY_HAS_ALL"]

key = 'arraycontainsall'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayFilter(Func): View Source

    5044class ArrayFilter(Func):
    5045    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5046    _sql_names = ["FILTER", "ARRAY_FILTER"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayfilter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayToString(Func): View Source

    5049class ArrayToString(Func):
    5050    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    5051    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_TO_STRING", "ARRAY_JOIN"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'null': False}
key = 'arraytostring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StringToArray(Func): View Source

    5054class StringToArray(Func):
    5055    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    5056    _sql_names = ["STRING_TO_ARRAY", "SPLIT_BY_STRING"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'null': False}
key = 'stringtoarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func): View Source

    5059class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func):
    5060    pass

key = 'arrayoverlaps'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySize(Func): View Source

    5063class ArraySize(Func):
    5064    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5065    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_SIZE", "ARRAY_LENGTH"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySort(Func): View Source

    5068class ArraySort(Func):
    5069    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysort'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySum(Func): View Source

    5072class ArraySum(Func):
    5073    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysum'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5076class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc):
    5077    pass

key = 'arrayunionagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Avg(AggFunc): View Source

    5080class Avg(AggFunc):
    5081    pass

key = 'avg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AnyValue(AggFunc): View Source

    5084class AnyValue(AggFunc):
    5085    pass

key = 'anyvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lag(AggFunc): View Source

    5088class Lag(AggFunc):
    5089    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': False, 'default': False}
key = 'lag'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lead(AggFunc): View Source

    5092class Lead(AggFunc):
    5093    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': False, 'default': False}
key = 'lead'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class First(AggFunc): View Source

    5098class First(AggFunc):
    5099    pass

key = 'first'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Last(AggFunc): View Source

    5102class Last(AggFunc):
    5103    pass

key = 'last'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FirstValue(AggFunc): View Source

    5106class FirstValue(AggFunc):
    5107    pass

key = 'firstvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LastValue(AggFunc): View Source

    5110class LastValue(AggFunc):
    5111    pass

key = 'lastvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class NthValue(AggFunc): View Source

    5114class NthValue(AggFunc):
    5115    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': True}
key = 'nthvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Case(Func): View Source

    5118class Case(Func):
    5119    arg_types = {"this": False, "ifs": True, "default": False}
    5120
    5121    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5122        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5123        instance.append(
    5124            "ifs",
    5125            If(
    5126                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    5127                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    5128            ),
    5129        )
    5130        return instance
    5131
    5132    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5133        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5134        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    5135        return instance

arg_types = {'this': False, 'ifs': True, 'default': False}
def when( self, condition: Union[str, Expression], then: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    5121    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5122        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5123        instance.append(
    5124            "ifs",
    5125            If(
    5126                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    5127                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    5128            ),
    5129        )
    5130        return instance

def else_( self, condition: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    5132    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5133        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5134        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    5135        return instance

key = 'case'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Cast(Func): View Source

    5138class Cast(Func):
    5139    arg_types = {
    5140        "this": True,
    5141        "to": True,
    5142        "format": False,
    5143        "safe": False,
    5144        "action": False,
    5145    }
    5146
    5147    @property
    5148    def name(self) -> str:
    5149        return self.this.name
    5150
    5151    @property
    5152    def to(self) -> DataType:
    5153        return self.args["to"]
    5154
    5155    @property
    5156    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5157        return self.name
    5158
    5159    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    5160        """
    5161        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    5162        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    5163        array<int> != array<float>.
    5164
    5165        Args:
    5166            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    5167
    5168        Returns:
    5169            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    5170        """
    5171        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True, 'format': False, 'safe': False, 'action': False}
name: str View Source

    5147    @property
    5148    def name(self) -> str:
    5149        return self.this.name

to: DataType View Source

    5151    @property
    5152    def to(self) -> DataType:
    5153        return self.args["to"]

output_name: str View Source

    5155    @property
    5156    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5157        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

def is_type( self, *dtypes: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]) -> bool: View Source

    5159    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    5160        """
    5161        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    5162        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    5163        array<int> != array<float>.
    5164
    5165        Args:
    5166            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    5167
    5168        Returns:
    5169            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    5170        """
    5171        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)

Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array != array.

###### Arguments:

- dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.

###### Returns:

> True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.

key = 'cast'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TryCast(Cast): View Source

    5174class TryCast(Cast):
    5175    pass

key = 'trycast'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Cast
  arg_types
  name
  to
  output_name
  is_type
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Try(Func): View Source

    5178class Try(Func):
    5179    pass

key = 'try'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CastToStrType(Func): View Source

    5182class CastToStrType(Func):
    5183    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True}
key = 'casttostrtype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Collate(Binary, Func): View Source

    5186class Collate(Binary, Func):
    5187    pass

key = 'collate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Ceil(Func): View Source

    5190class Ceil(Func):
    5191    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    5192    _sql_names = ["CEIL", "CEILING"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False}
key = 'ceil'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Coalesce(Func): View Source

    5195class Coalesce(Func):
    5196    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "is_nvl": False}
    5197    is_var_len_args = True
    5198    _sql_names = ["COALESCE", "IFNULL", "NVL"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'is_nvl': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'coalesce'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Chr(Func): View Source

    5201class Chr(Func):
    5202    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "charset": False}
    5203    is_var_len_args = True
    5204    _sql_names = ["CHR", "CHAR"]

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'charset': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'chr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Concat(Func): View Source

    5207class Concat(Func):
    5208    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "safe": False, "coalesce": False}
    5209    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'safe': False, 'coalesce': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'concat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ConcatWs(Concat): View Source

    5212class ConcatWs(Concat):
    5213    _sql_names = ["CONCAT_WS"]

key = 'concatws'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Concat
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ConnectByRoot(Func): View Source

    5217class ConnectByRoot(Func):
    5218    pass

key = 'connectbyroot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Count(AggFunc): View Source

    5221class Count(AggFunc):
    5222    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "big_int": False}
    5223    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'big_int': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'count'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CountIf(AggFunc): View Source

    5226class CountIf(AggFunc):
    5227    _sql_names = ["COUNT_IF", "COUNTIF"]

key = 'countif'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Cbrt(Func): View Source

    5231class Cbrt(Func):
    5232    pass

key = 'cbrt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentDate(Func): View Source

    5235class CurrentDate(Func):
    5236    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentdate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentDatetime(Func): View Source

    5239class CurrentDatetime(Func):
    5240    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentdatetime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentTime(Func): View Source

    5243class CurrentTime(Func):
    5244    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currenttime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentTimestamp(Func): View Source

    5247class CurrentTimestamp(Func):
    5248    arg_types = {"this": False, "sysdate": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'sysdate': False}
key = 'currenttimestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentUser(Func): View Source

    5251class CurrentUser(Func):
    5252    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentuser'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5255class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5256    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'dateadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5259class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5260    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5263class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5264    _sql_names = ["DATEDIFF", "DATE_DIFF"]
    5265    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateTrunc(Func): View Source

    5268class DateTrunc(Func):
    5269    arg_types = {"unit": True, "this": True, "zone": False}
    5270
    5271    def __init__(self, **args):
    5272        unit = args.get("unit")
    5273        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5274            args["unit"] = Literal.string(
    5275                (TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5276            )
    5277        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5278            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5279
    5280        super().__init__(**args)
    5281
    5282    @property
    5283    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5284        return self.args["unit"]

DateTrunc(**args) View Source

    5271    def __init__(self, **args):
    5272        unit = args.get("unit")
    5273        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5274            args["unit"] = Literal.string(
    5275                (TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5276            )
    5277        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5278            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5279
    5280        super().__init__(**args)

arg_types = {'unit': True, 'this': True, 'zone': False}
unit: Expression View Source

    5282    @property
    5283    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5284        return self.args["unit"]

key = 'datetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Datetime(Func): View Source

    5289class Datetime(Func):
    5290    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'datetime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5293class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5294    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimeadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5297class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5298    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5301class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5302    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5305class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5306    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'datetimetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DayOfWeek(Func): View Source

    5309class DayOfWeek(Func):
    5310    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_WEEK", "DAYOFWEEK"]

key = 'dayofweek'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DayOfWeekIso(Func): View Source

    5315class DayOfWeekIso(Func):
    5316    _sql_names = ["DAYOFWEEK_ISO", "ISODOW"]

key = 'dayofweekiso'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DayOfMonth(Func): View Source

    5319class DayOfMonth(Func):
    5320    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_MONTH", "DAYOFMONTH"]

key = 'dayofmonth'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DayOfYear(Func): View Source

    5323class DayOfYear(Func):
    5324    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_YEAR", "DAYOFYEAR"]

key = 'dayofyear'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToDays(Func): View Source

    5327class ToDays(Func):
    5328    pass

key = 'todays'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class WeekOfYear(Func): View Source

    5331class WeekOfYear(Func):
    5332    _sql_names = ["WEEK_OF_YEAR", "WEEKOFYEAR"]

key = 'weekofyear'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MonthsBetween(Func): View Source

    5335class MonthsBetween(Func):
    5336    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "roundoff": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'roundoff': False}
key = 'monthsbetween'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5339class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit):
    5340    _sql_names = ["LAST_DAY", "LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH"]
    5341    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'lastday'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Extract(Func): View Source

    5344class Extract(Func):
    5345    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'extract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Timestamp(Func): View Source

    5348class Timestamp(Func):
    5349    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "with_tz": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'zone': False, 'with_tz': False}
key = 'timestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5352class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5353    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5356class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5357    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampsub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5360class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5361    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMPDIFF", "TIMESTAMP_DIFF"]
    5362    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampdiff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5365class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5366    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'timestamptrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5369class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5370    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timeadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5373class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5374    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5377class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5378    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5381class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5382    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'timetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateFromParts(Func): View Source

    5385class DateFromParts(Func):
    5386    _sql_names = ["DATE_FROM_PARTS", "DATEFROMPARTS"]
    5387    arg_types = {"year": True, "month": True, "day": True}

arg_types = {'year': True, 'month': True, 'day': True}
key = 'datefromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeFromParts(Func): View Source

    5390class TimeFromParts(Func):
    5391    _sql_names = ["TIME_FROM_PARTS", "TIMEFROMPARTS"]
    5392    arg_types = {
    5393        "hour": True,
    5394        "min": True,
    5395        "sec": True,
    5396        "nano": False,
    5397        "fractions": False,
    5398        "precision": False,
    5399    }

arg_types = {'hour': True, 'min': True, 'sec': True, 'nano': False, 'fractions': False, 'precision': False}
key = 'timefromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateStrToDate(Func): View Source

    5402class DateStrToDate(Func):
    5403    pass

key = 'datestrtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateToDateStr(Func): View Source

    5406class DateToDateStr(Func):
    5407    pass

key = 'datetodatestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateToDi(Func): View Source

    5410class DateToDi(Func):
    5411    pass

key = 'datetodi'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Date(Func): View Source

    5415class Date(Func):
    5416    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "expressions": False}
    5417    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': False, 'zone': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'date'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Day(Func): View Source

    5420class Day(Func):
    5421    pass

key = 'day'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Decode(Func): View Source

    5424class Decode(Func):
    5425    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True, "replace": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'charset': True, 'replace': False}
key = 'decode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DiToDate(Func): View Source

    5428class DiToDate(Func):
    5429    pass

key = 'ditodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Encode(Func): View Source

    5432class Encode(Func):
    5433    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'charset': True}
key = 'encode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Exp(Func): View Source

    5436class Exp(Func):
    5437    pass

key = 'exp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Explode(Func): View Source

    5441class Explode(Func):
    5442    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5443    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'explode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Inline(Func): View Source

    5447class Inline(Func):
    5448    pass

key = 'inline'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ExplodeOuter(Explode): View Source

    5451class ExplodeOuter(Explode):
    5452    pass

key = 'explodeouter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Posexplode(Explode): View Source

    5455class Posexplode(Explode):
    5456    pass

key = 'posexplode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter): View Source

    5459class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter):
    5460    pass

key = 'posexplodeouter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Unnest(Func, UDTF): View Source

    5463class Unnest(Func, UDTF):
    5464    arg_types = {
    5465        "expressions": True,
    5466        "alias": False,
    5467        "offset": False,
    5468        "explode_array": False,
    5469    }
    5470
    5471    @property
    5472    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5473        columns = super().selects
    5474        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    5475        if offset:
    5476            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    5477        return columns

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'alias': False, 'offset': False, 'explode_array': False}
selects: List[Expression] View Source

    5471    @property
    5472    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5473        columns = super().selects
    5474        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    5475        if offset:
    5476            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    5477        return columns

key = 'unnest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Floor(Func): View Source

    5480class Floor(Func):
    5481    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False}
key = 'floor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FromBase64(Func): View Source

    5484class FromBase64(Func):
    5485    pass

key = 'frombase64'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToBase64(Func): View Source

    5488class ToBase64(Func):
    5489    pass

key = 'tobase64'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FromISO8601Timestamp(Func): View Source

    5493class FromISO8601Timestamp(Func):
    5494    _sql_names = ["FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP"]

key = 'fromiso8601timestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GapFill(Func): View Source

    5497class GapFill(Func):
    5498    arg_types = {
    5499        "this": True,
    5500        "ts_column": True,
    5501        "bucket_width": True,
    5502        "partitioning_columns": False,
    5503        "value_columns": False,
    5504        "origin": False,
    5505        "ignore_nulls": False,
    5506    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'ts_column': True, 'bucket_width': True, 'partitioning_columns': False, 'value_columns': False, 'origin': False, 'ignore_nulls': False}
key = 'gapfill'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GenerateDateArray(Func): View Source

    5510class GenerateDateArray(Func):
    5511    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False}

arg_types = {'start': True, 'end': True, 'step': False}
key = 'generatedatearray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GenerateTimestampArray(Func): View Source

    5515class GenerateTimestampArray(Func):
    5516    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": True}

arg_types = {'start': True, 'end': True, 'step': True}
key = 'generatetimestamparray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Greatest(Func): View Source

    5519class Greatest(Func):
    5520    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5521    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'greatest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GroupConcat(AggFunc): View Source

    5524class GroupConcat(AggFunc):
    5525    arg_types = {"this": True, "separator": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'separator': False}
key = 'groupconcat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Hex(Func): View Source

    5528class Hex(Func):
    5529    pass

key = 'hex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LowerHex(Hex): View Source

    5532class LowerHex(Hex):
    5533    pass

key = 'lowerhex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Xor(Connector, Func): View Source

    5536class Xor(Connector, Func):
    5537    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'xor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class If(Func): View Source

    5540class If(Func):
    5541    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    5542    _sql_names = ["IF", "IIF"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'true': True, 'false': False}
key = 'if'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Nullif(Func): View Source

    5545class Nullif(Func):
    5546    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'nullif'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Initcap(Func): View Source

    5549class Initcap(Func):
    5550    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'initcap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class IsNan(Func): View Source

    5553class IsNan(Func):
    5554    _sql_names = ["IS_NAN", "ISNAN"]

key = 'isnan'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class IsInf(Func): View Source

    5557class IsInf(Func):
    5558    _sql_names = ["IS_INF", "ISINF"]

key = 'isinf'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSON(Expression): View Source

    5562class JSON(Expression):
    5563    arg_types = {"this": False, "with": False, "unique": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'with': False, 'unique': False}
key = 'json'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPath(Expression): View Source

    5566class JSONPath(Expression):
    5567    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "escape": False}
    5568
    5569    @property
    5570    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5571        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5572        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'escape': False}
output_name: str View Source

    5569    @property
    5570    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5571        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5572        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonpath'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathPart(Expression): View Source

    5575class JSONPathPart(Expression):
    5576    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'jsonpathpart'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5579class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart):
    5580    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathfilter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5583class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart):
    5584    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5587class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart):
    5588    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'jsonpathrecursive'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5591class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart):
    5592    pass

key = 'jsonpathroot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
JSONPathPart
  arg_types

class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5595class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart):
    5596    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathscript'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5599class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart):
    5600    arg_types = {"start": False, "end": False, "step": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'end': False, 'step': False}
key = 'jsonpathslice'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5603class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart):
    5604    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathselector'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5607class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart):
    5608    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathsubscript'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5611class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart):
    5612    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'jsonpathunion'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5615class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart):
    5616    pass

key = 'jsonpathwildcard'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
JSONPathPart
  arg_types

class FormatJson(Expression): View Source

    5619class FormatJson(Expression):
    5620    pass

key = 'formatjson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONKeyValue(Expression): View Source

    5623class JSONKeyValue(Expression):
    5624    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'jsonkeyvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONObject(Func): View Source

    5627class JSONObject(Func):
    5628    arg_types = {
    5629        "expressions": False,
    5630        "null_handling": False,
    5631        "unique_keys": False,
    5632        "return_type": False,
    5633        "encoding": False,
    5634    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'null_handling': False, 'unique_keys': False, 'return_type': False, 'encoding': False}
key = 'jsonobject'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5637class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc):
    5638    arg_types = {
    5639        "expressions": False,
    5640        "null_handling": False,
    5641        "unique_keys": False,
    5642        "return_type": False,
    5643        "encoding": False,
    5644    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'null_handling': False, 'unique_keys': False, 'return_type': False, 'encoding': False}
key = 'jsonobjectagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArray(Func): View Source

    5648class JSONArray(Func):
    5649    arg_types = {
    5650        "expressions": True,
    5651        "null_handling": False,
    5652        "return_type": False,
    5653        "strict": False,
    5654    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'null_handling': False, 'return_type': False, 'strict': False}
key = 'jsonarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArrayAgg(Func): View Source

    5658class JSONArrayAgg(Func):
    5659    arg_types = {
    5660        "this": True,
    5661        "order": False,
    5662        "null_handling": False,
    5663        "return_type": False,
    5664        "strict": False,
    5665    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'order': False, 'null_handling': False, 'return_type': False, 'strict': False}
key = 'jsonarrayagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONExists(Func): View Source

    5668class JSONExists(Func):
    5669    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": True, "passing": False, "on_condition": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'path': True, 'passing': False, 'on_condition': False}
key = 'jsonexists'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    5674class JSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5675    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False, "path": False, "nested_schema": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False, 'path': False, 'nested_schema': False}
key = 'jsoncolumndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONSchema(Expression): View Source

    5678class JSONSchema(Expression):
    5679    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'jsonschema'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONValue(Expression): View Source

    5683class JSONValue(Expression):
    5684    arg_types = {
    5685        "this": True,
    5686        "path": True,
    5687        "returning": False,
    5688        "on_condition": False,
    5689    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'path': True, 'returning': False, 'on_condition': False}
key = 'jsonvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONTable(Func): View Source

    5693class JSONTable(Func):
    5694    arg_types = {
    5695        "this": True,
    5696        "schema": True,
    5697        "path": False,
    5698        "error_handling": False,
    5699        "empty_handling": False,
    5700    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'schema': True, 'path': False, 'error_handling': False, 'empty_handling': False}
key = 'jsontable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ObjectInsert(Func): View Source

    5704class ObjectInsert(Func):
    5705    arg_types = {
    5706        "this": True,
    5707        "key": True,
    5708        "value": True,
    5709        "update_flag": False,
    5710    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'key': True, 'value': True, 'update_flag': False}
key = 'objectinsert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    5713class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5714    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "path": False, "as_json": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'path': False, 'as_json': False}
key = 'openjsoncolumndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class OpenJSON(Func): View Source

    5717class OpenJSON(Func):
    5718    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'path': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'openjson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBContains(Binary, Func): View Source

    5721class JSONBContains(Binary, Func):
    5722    _sql_names = ["JSONB_CONTAINS"]

key = 'jsonbcontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONExtract(Binary, Func): View Source

    5725class JSONExtract(Binary, Func):
    5726    arg_types = {
    5727        "this": True,
    5728        "expression": True,
    5729        "only_json_types": False,
    5730        "expressions": False,
    5731        "variant_extract": False,
    5732    }
    5733    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT"]
    5734    is_var_len_args = True
    5735
    5736    @property
    5737    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5738        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'only_json_types': False, 'expressions': False, 'variant_extract': False}
is_var_len_args = True
output_name: str View Source

    5736    @property
    5737    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5738        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func): View Source

    5741class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    5742    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "only_json_types": False, "expressions": False}
    5743    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    5744    is_var_len_args = True
    5745
    5746    @property
    5747    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5748        return self.expression.output_name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'only_json_types': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
output_name: str View Source

    5746    @property
    5747    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5748        return self.expression.output_name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonextractscalar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func): View Source

    5751class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func):
    5752    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT"]

key = 'jsonbextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func): View Source

    5755class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    5756    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]

key = 'jsonbextractscalar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONFormat(Func): View Source

    5759class JSONFormat(Func):
    5760    arg_types = {"this": False, "options": False}
    5761    _sql_names = ["JSON_FORMAT"]

arg_types = {'this': False, 'options': False}
key = 'jsonformat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func): View Source

    5765class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func):
    5766    _sql_names = ["JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS"]

key = 'jsonarraycontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ParseJSON(Func): View Source

    5769class ParseJSON(Func):
    5770    # BigQuery, Snowflake have PARSE_JSON, Presto has JSON_PARSE
    5771    # Snowflake also has TRY_PARSE_JSON, which is represented using `safe`
    5772    _sql_names = ["PARSE_JSON", "JSON_PARSE"]
    5773    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'parsejson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Least(Func): View Source

    5776class Least(Func):
    5777    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5778    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'least'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Left(Func): View Source

    5781class Left(Func):
    5782    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'left'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Right(Func): View Source

    5785class Right(Func):
    5786    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'right'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Length(Func): View Source

    5789class Length(Func):
    5790    arg_types = {"this": True, "binary": False}
    5791    _sql_names = ["LENGTH", "LEN"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'binary': False}
key = 'length'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Levenshtein(Func): View Source

    5794class Levenshtein(Func):
    5795    arg_types = {
    5796        "this": True,
    5797        "expression": False,
    5798        "ins_cost": False,
    5799        "del_cost": False,
    5800        "sub_cost": False,
    5801    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'ins_cost': False, 'del_cost': False, 'sub_cost': False}
key = 'levenshtein'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Ln(Func): View Source

    5804class Ln(Func):
    5805    pass

key = 'ln'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Log(Func): View Source

    5808class Log(Func):
    5809    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'log'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LogicalOr(AggFunc): View Source

    5812class LogicalOr(AggFunc):
    5813    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_OR", "BOOL_OR", "BOOLOR_AGG"]

key = 'logicalor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LogicalAnd(AggFunc): View Source

    5816class LogicalAnd(AggFunc):
    5817    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_AND", "BOOL_AND", "BOOLAND_AGG"]

key = 'logicaland'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lower(Func): View Source

    5820class Lower(Func):
    5821    _sql_names = ["LOWER", "LCASE"]

key = 'lower'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Map(Func): View Source

    5824class Map(Func):
    5825    arg_types = {"keys": False, "values": False}
    5826
    5827    @property
    5828    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5829        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    5830        return keys.expressions if keys else []
    5831
    5832    @property
    5833    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5834        values = self.args.get("values")
    5835        return values.expressions if values else []

arg_types = {'keys': False, 'values': False}
keys: List[Expression] View Source

    5827    @property
    5828    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5829        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    5830        return keys.expressions if keys else []

values: List[Expression] View Source

    5832    @property
    5833    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5834        values = self.args.get("values")
    5835        return values.expressions if values else []

key = 'map'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToMap(Func): View Source

    5839class ToMap(Func):
    5840    pass

key = 'tomap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MapFromEntries(Func): View Source

    5843class MapFromEntries(Func):
    5844    pass

key = 'mapfromentries'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ScopeResolution(Expression): View Source

    5848class ScopeResolution(Expression):
    5849    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': True}
key = 'scoperesolution'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Stream(Expression): View Source

    5852class Stream(Expression):
    5853    pass

key = 'stream'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class StarMap(Func): View Source

    5856class StarMap(Func):
    5857    pass

key = 'starmap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class VarMap(Func): View Source

    5860class VarMap(Func):
    5861    arg_types = {"keys": True, "values": True}
    5862    is_var_len_args = True
    5863
    5864    @property
    5865    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5866        return self.args["keys"].expressions
    5867
    5868    @property
    5869    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5870        return self.args["values"].expressions

arg_types = {'keys': True, 'values': True}
is_var_len_args = True
keys: List[Expression] View Source

    5864    @property
    5865    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5866        return self.args["keys"].expressions

values: List[Expression] View Source

    5868    @property
    5869    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5870        return self.args["values"].expressions

key = 'varmap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MatchAgainst(Func): View Source

    5874class MatchAgainst(Func):
    5875    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "modifier": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'modifier': False}
key = 'matchagainst'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Max(AggFunc): View Source

    5878class Max(AggFunc):
    5879    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5880    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'max'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MD5(Func): View Source

    5883class MD5(Func):
    5884    _sql_names = ["MD5"]

key = 'md5'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MD5Digest(Func): View Source

    5888class MD5Digest(Func):
    5889    _sql_names = ["MD5_DIGEST"]

key = 'md5digest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Min(AggFunc): View Source

    5892class Min(AggFunc):
    5893    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5894    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'min'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Month(Func): View Source

    5897class Month(Func):
    5898    pass

key = 'month'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AddMonths(Func): View Source

    5901class AddMonths(Func):
    5902    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'addmonths'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Nvl2(Func): View Source

    5905class Nvl2(Func):
    5906    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'true': True, 'false': False}
key = 'nvl2'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Normalize(Func): View Source

    5909class Normalize(Func):
    5910    arg_types = {"this": True, "form": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'form': False}
key = 'normalize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Predict(Func): View Source

    5914class Predict(Func):
    5915    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "params_struct": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'params_struct': False}
key = 'predict'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Pow(Binary, Func): View Source

    5918class Pow(Binary, Func):
    5919    _sql_names = ["POWER", "POW"]

key = 'pow'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class PercentileCont(AggFunc): View Source

    5922class PercentileCont(AggFunc):
    5923    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'percentilecont'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class PercentileDisc(AggFunc): View Source

    5926class PercentileDisc(AggFunc):
    5927    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'percentiledisc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Quantile(AggFunc): View Source

    5930class Quantile(AggFunc):
    5931    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quantile': True}
key = 'quantile'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxQuantile(Quantile): View Source

    5934class ApproxQuantile(Quantile):
    5935    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True, "accuracy": False, "weight": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quantile': True, 'accuracy': False, 'weight': False}
key = 'approxquantile'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Quarter(Func): View Source

    5938class Quarter(Func):
    5939    pass

key = 'quarter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Rand(Func): View Source

    5944class Rand(Func):
    5945    _sql_names = ["RAND", "RANDOM"]
    5946    arg_types = {"this": False, "lower": False, "upper": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'lower': False, 'upper': False}
key = 'rand'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Randn(Func): View Source

    5949class Randn(Func):
    5950    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'randn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RangeN(Func): View Source

    5953class RangeN(Func):
    5954    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "each": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'each': False}
key = 'rangen'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ReadCSV(Func): View Source

    5957class ReadCSV(Func):
    5958    _sql_names = ["READ_CSV"]
    5959    is_var_len_args = True
    5960    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

is_var_len_args = True
arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'readcsv'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Reduce(Func): View Source

    5963class Reduce(Func):
    5964    arg_types = {"this": True, "initial": True, "merge": True, "finish": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'initial': True, 'merge': True, 'finish': False}
key = 'reduce'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpExtract(Func): View Source

    5967class RegexpExtract(Func):
    5968    arg_types = {
    5969        "this": True,
    5970        "expression": True,
    5971        "position": False,
    5972        "occurrence": False,
    5973        "parameters": False,
    5974        "group": False,
    5975    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'position': False, 'occurrence': False, 'parameters': False, 'group': False}
key = 'regexpextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpReplace(Func): View Source

    5978class RegexpReplace(Func):
    5979    arg_types = {
    5980        "this": True,
    5981        "expression": True,
    5982        "replacement": False,
    5983        "position": False,
    5984        "occurrence": False,
    5985        "modifiers": False,
    5986    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'replacement': False, 'position': False, 'occurrence': False, 'modifiers': False}
key = 'regexpreplace'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpLike(Binary, Func): View Source

    5989class RegexpLike(Binary, Func):
    5990    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'flag': False}
key = 'regexplike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpILike(Binary, Func): View Source

    5993class RegexpILike(Binary, Func):
    5994    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'flag': False}
key = 'regexpilike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpSplit(Func): View Source

    5999class RegexpSplit(Func):
    6000    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'limit': False}
key = 'regexpsplit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Repeat(Func): View Source

    6003class Repeat(Func):
    6004    arg_types = {"this": True, "times": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'times': True}
key = 'repeat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Round(Func): View Source

    6009class Round(Func):
    6010    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False, "truncate": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False, 'truncate': False}
key = 'round'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RowNumber(Func): View Source

    6013class RowNumber(Func):
    6014    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}

arg_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
key = 'rownumber'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SafeDivide(Func): View Source

    6017class SafeDivide(Func):
    6018    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'safedivide'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SHA(Func): View Source

    6021class SHA(Func):
    6022    _sql_names = ["SHA", "SHA1"]

key = 'sha'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SHA2(Func): View Source

    6025class SHA2(Func):
    6026    _sql_names = ["SHA2"]
    6027    arg_types = {"this": True, "length": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'length': False}
key = 'sha2'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sign(Func): View Source

    6030class Sign(Func):
    6031    _sql_names = ["SIGN", "SIGNUM"]

key = 'sign'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SortArray(Func): View Source

    6034class SortArray(Func):
    6035    arg_types = {"this": True, "asc": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'asc': False}
key = 'sortarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Split(Func): View Source

    6038class Split(Func):
    6039    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'limit': False}
key = 'split'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Substring(Func): View Source

    6044class Substring(Func):
    6045    _sql_names = ["SUBSTRING", "SUBSTR"]
    6046    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": False, "length": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'start': False, 'length': False}
key = 'substring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StandardHash(Func): View Source

    6049class StandardHash(Func):
    6050    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'standardhash'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StartsWith(Func): View Source

    6053class StartsWith(Func):
    6054    _sql_names = ["STARTS_WITH", "STARTSWITH"]
    6055    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'startswith'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrPosition(Func): View Source

    6058class StrPosition(Func):
    6059    arg_types = {
    6060        "this": True,
    6061        "substr": True,
    6062        "position": False,
    6063        "instance": False,
    6064    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'substr': True, 'position': False, 'instance': False}
key = 'strposition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToDate(Func): View Source

    6067class StrToDate(Func):
    6068    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'strtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToTime(Func): View Source

    6071class StrToTime(Func):
    6072    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "zone": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'zone': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'strtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToUnix(Func): View Source

    6077class StrToUnix(Func):
    6078    arg_types = {"this": False, "format": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'format': False}
key = 'strtounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToMap(Func): View Source

    6083class StrToMap(Func):
    6084    arg_types = {
    6085        "this": True,
    6086        "pair_delim": False,
    6087        "key_value_delim": False,
    6088        "duplicate_resolution_callback": False,
    6089    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'pair_delim': False, 'key_value_delim': False, 'duplicate_resolution_callback': False}
key = 'strtomap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class NumberToStr(Func): View Source

    6092class NumberToStr(Func):
    6093    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'culture': False}
key = 'numbertostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FromBase(Func): View Source

    6096class FromBase(Func):
    6097    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'frombase'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Struct(Func): View Source

    6100class Struct(Func):
    6101    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    6102    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'struct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StructExtract(Func): View Source

    6105class StructExtract(Func):
    6106    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'structextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Stuff(Func): View Source

    6111class Stuff(Func):
    6112    _sql_names = ["STUFF", "INSERT"]
    6113    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": True, "length": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'start': True, 'length': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'stuff'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sum(AggFunc): View Source

    6116class Sum(AggFunc):
    6117    pass

key = 'sum'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sqrt(Func): View Source

    6120class Sqrt(Func):
    6121    pass

key = 'sqrt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Stddev(AggFunc): View Source

    6124class Stddev(AggFunc):
    6125    _sql_names = ["STDDEV", "STDEV"]

key = 'stddev'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StddevPop(AggFunc): View Source

    6128class StddevPop(AggFunc):
    6129    pass

key = 'stddevpop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StddevSamp(AggFunc): View Source

    6132class StddevSamp(AggFunc):
    6133    pass

key = 'stddevsamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Time(Func): View Source

    6137class Time(Func):
    6138    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'zone': False}
key = 'time'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToStr(Func): View Source

    6141class TimeToStr(Func):
    6142    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'culture': False, 'zone': False}
key = 'timetostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToTimeStr(Func): View Source

    6145class TimeToTimeStr(Func):
    6146    pass

key = 'timetotimestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToUnix(Func): View Source

    6149class TimeToUnix(Func):
    6150    pass

key = 'timetounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToDate(Func): View Source

    6153class TimeStrToDate(Func):
    6154    pass

key = 'timestrtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToTime(Func): View Source

    6157class TimeStrToTime(Func):
    6158    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'timestrtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToUnix(Func): View Source

    6161class TimeStrToUnix(Func):
    6162    pass

key = 'timestrtounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Trim(Func): View Source

    6165class Trim(Func):
    6166    arg_types = {
    6167        "this": True,
    6168        "expression": False,
    6169        "position": False,
    6170        "collation": False,
    6171    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'position': False, 'collation': False}
key = 'trim'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    6174class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    6175    # return_type is used to correctly cast the arguments of this expression when transpiling it
    6176    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False, "return_type": False}
    6177
    6178    @property
    6179    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    6180        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False, 'return_type': False}
return_type: DataType View Source

    6178    @property
    6179    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    6180        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)

key = 'tsordsadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    6183class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    6184    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'tsordsdiff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func): View Source

    6187class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func):
    6188    pass

key = 'tsordstodatestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToDate(Func): View Source

    6191class TsOrDsToDate(Func):
    6192    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'tsordstodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToTime(Func): View Source

    6195class TsOrDsToTime(Func):
    6196    pass

key = 'tsordstotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func): View Source

    6199class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func):
    6200    pass

key = 'tsordstotimestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDiToDi(Func): View Source

    6203class TsOrDiToDi(Func):
    6204    pass

key = 'tsorditodi'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Unhex(Func): View Source

    6207class Unhex(Func):
    6208    pass

key = 'unhex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixDate(Func): View Source

    6212class UnixDate(Func):
    6213    pass

key = 'unixdate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToStr(Func): View Source

    6216class UnixToStr(Func):
    6217    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False}
key = 'unixtostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToTime(Func): View Source

    6222class UnixToTime(Func):
    6223    arg_types = {
    6224        "this": True,
    6225        "scale": False,
    6226        "zone": False,
    6227        "hours": False,
    6228        "minutes": False,
    6229        "format": False,
    6230    }
    6231
    6232    SECONDS = Literal.number(0)
    6233    DECIS = Literal.number(1)
    6234    CENTIS = Literal.number(2)
    6235    MILLIS = Literal.number(3)
    6236    DECIMILLIS = Literal.number(4)
    6237    CENTIMILLIS = Literal.number(5)
    6238    MICROS = Literal.number(6)
    6239    DECIMICROS = Literal.number(7)
    6240    CENTIMICROS = Literal.number(8)
    6241    NANOS = Literal.number(9)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'scale': False, 'zone': False, 'hours': False, 'minutes': False, 'format': False}
SECONDS = Literal(this=0, is_string=False)
DECIS = Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
CENTIS = Literal(this=2, is_string=False)
MILLIS = Literal(this=3, is_string=False)
DECIMILLIS = Literal(this=4, is_string=False)
CENTIMILLIS = Literal(this=5, is_string=False)
MICROS = Literal(this=6, is_string=False)
DECIMICROS = Literal(this=7, is_string=False)
CENTIMICROS = Literal(this=8, is_string=False)
NANOS = Literal(this=9, is_string=False)
key = 'unixtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToTimeStr(Func): View Source

    6244class UnixToTimeStr(Func):
    6245    pass

key = 'unixtotimestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnpackColumns(Func): View Source

    6248class UnpackColumns(Func):
    6249    pass

key = 'unpackcolumns'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Uuid(Func): View Source

    6252class Uuid(Func):
    6253    _sql_names = ["UUID", "GEN_RANDOM_UUID", "GENERATE_UUID", "UUID_STRING"]
    6254
    6255    arg_types = {"this": False, "name": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'name': False}
key = 'uuid'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimestampFromParts(Func): View Source

    6258class TimestampFromParts(Func):
    6259    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS"]
    6260    arg_types = {
    6261        "year": True,
    6262        "month": True,
    6263        "day": True,
    6264        "hour": True,
    6265        "min": True,
    6266        "sec": True,
    6267        "nano": False,
    6268        "zone": False,
    6269        "milli": False,
    6270    }

arg_types = {'year': True, 'month': True, 'day': True, 'hour': True, 'min': True, 'sec': True, 'nano': False, 'zone': False, 'milli': False}
key = 'timestampfromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Upper(Func): View Source

    6273class Upper(Func):
    6274    _sql_names = ["UPPER", "UCASE"]

key = 'upper'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Corr(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    6277class Corr(Binary, AggFunc):
    6278    pass

key = 'corr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Variance(AggFunc): View Source

    6281class Variance(AggFunc):
    6282    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE", "VARIANCE_SAMP", "VAR_SAMP"]

key = 'variance'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class VariancePop(AggFunc): View Source

    6285class VariancePop(AggFunc):
    6286    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE_POP", "VAR_POP"]

key = 'variancepop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    6289class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc):
    6290    pass

key = 'covarsamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    6293class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc):
    6294    pass

key = 'covarpop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Week(Func): View Source

    6297class Week(Func):
    6298    arg_types = {"this": True, "mode": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'mode': False}
key = 'week'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class XMLTable(Func): View Source

    6301class XMLTable(Func):
    6302    arg_types = {"this": True, "passing": False, "columns": False, "by_ref": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'passing': False, 'columns': False, 'by_ref': False}
key = 'xmltable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Year(Func): View Source

    6305class Year(Func):
    6306    pass

key = 'year'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Use(Expression): View Source

    6309class Use(Expression):
    6310    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'use'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Merge(DML): View Source

    6313class Merge(DML):
    6314    arg_types = {
    6315        "this": True,
    6316        "using": True,
    6317        "on": True,
    6318        "expressions": True,
    6319        "with": False,
    6320        "returning": False,
    6321    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'using': True, 'on': True, 'expressions': True, 'with': False, 'returning': False}
key = 'merge'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DML
  returning

class When(Func): View Source

    6324class When(Func):
    6325    arg_types = {"matched": True, "source": False, "condition": False, "then": True}

arg_types = {'matched': True, 'source': False, 'condition': False, 'then': True}
key = 'when'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class NextValueFor(Func): View Source

    6330class NextValueFor(Func):
    6331    arg_types = {"this": True, "order": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'order': False}
key = 'nextvaluefor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Semicolon(Expression): View Source

    6336class Semicolon(Expression):
    6337    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'semicolon'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

ALL_FUNCTIONS = [<class 'Abs'>, <class 'AddMonths'>, <class 'AnonymousAggFunc'>, <class 'AnyValue'>, <class 'Apply'>, <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, <class 'ApproxQuantile'>, <class 'ApproxTopK'>, <class 'ArgMax'>, <class 'ArgMin'>, <class 'Array'>, <class 'ArrayAgg'>, <class 'ArrayAll'>, <class 'ArrayAny'>, <class 'ArrayConcat'>, <class 'ArrayConstructCompact'>, <class 'ArrayContains'>, <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, <class 'ArrayFilter'>, <class 'ArrayOverlaps'>, <class 'ArraySize'>, <class 'ArraySort'>, <class 'ArraySum'>, <class 'ArrayToString'>, <class 'ArrayUnionAgg'>, <class 'ArrayUniqueAgg'>, <class 'Avg'>, <class 'Case'>, <class 'Cast'>, <class 'CastToStrType'>, <class 'Cbrt'>, <class 'Ceil'>, <class 'Chr'>, <class 'Coalesce'>, <class 'Collate'>, <class 'CombinedAggFunc'>, <class 'CombinedParameterizedAgg'>, <class 'Concat'>, <class 'ConcatWs'>, <class 'ConnectByRoot'>, <class 'Convert'>, <class 'ConvertTimezone'>, <class 'Corr'>, <class 'Count'>, <class 'CountIf'>, <class 'CovarPop'>, <class 'CovarSamp'>, <class 'CurrentDate'>, <class 'CurrentDatetime'>, <class 'CurrentTime'>, <class 'CurrentTimestamp'>, <class 'CurrentUser'>, <class 'Date'>, <class 'DateAdd'>, <class 'DateDiff'>, <class 'DateFromParts'>, <class 'DateStrToDate'>, <class 'DateSub'>, <class 'DateToDateStr'>, <class 'DateToDi'>, <class 'DateTrunc'>, <class 'Datetime'>, <class 'DatetimeAdd'>, <class 'DatetimeDiff'>, <class 'DatetimeSub'>, <class 'DatetimeTrunc'>, <class 'Day'>, <class 'DayOfMonth'>, <class 'DayOfWeek'>, <class 'DayOfWeekIso'>, <class 'DayOfYear'>, <class 'Decode'>, <class 'DiToDate'>, <class 'Encode'>, <class 'Exp'>, <class 'Explode'>, <class 'ExplodeOuter'>, <class 'ExplodingGenerateSeries'>, <class 'Extract'>, <class 'First'>, <class 'FirstValue'>, <class 'Flatten'>, <class 'Floor'>, <class 'FromBase'>, <class 'FromBase64'>, <class 'FromISO8601Timestamp'>, <class 'GapFill'>, <class 'GenerateDateArray'>, <class 'GenerateSeries'>, <class 'GenerateTimestampArray'>, <class 'Greatest'>, <class 'GroupConcat'>, <class 'Hex'>, <class 'Hll'>, <class 'If'>, <class 'Initcap'>, <class 'Inline'>, <class 'IsInf'>, <class 'IsNan'>, <class 'JSONArray'>, <class 'JSONArrayAgg'>, <class 'JSONArrayContains'>, <class 'JSONBContains'>, <class 'JSONBExtract'>, <class 'JSONBExtractScalar'>, <class 'JSONExists'>, <class 'JSONExtract'>, <class 'JSONExtractScalar'>, <class 'JSONFormat'>, <class 'JSONObject'>, <class 'JSONObjectAgg'>, <class 'JSONTable'>, <class 'Lag'>, <class 'Last'>, <class 'LastDay'>, <class 'LastValue'>, <class 'Lead'>, <class 'Least'>, <class 'Left'>, <class 'Length'>, <class 'Levenshtein'>, <class 'List'>, <class 'Ln'>, <class 'Log'>, <class 'LogicalAnd'>, <class 'LogicalOr'>, <class 'Lower'>, <class 'LowerHex'>, <class 'MD5'>, <class 'MD5Digest'>, <class 'Map'>, <class 'MapFromEntries'>, <class 'MatchAgainst'>, <class 'Max'>, <class 'Min'>, <class 'Month'>, <class 'MonthsBetween'>, <class 'NextValueFor'>, <class 'Normalize'>, <class 'NthValue'>, <class 'Nullif'>, <class 'NumberToStr'>, <class 'Nvl2'>, <class 'ObjectInsert'>, <class 'OpenJSON'>, <class 'Pad'>, <class 'ParameterizedAgg'>, <class 'ParseJSON'>, <class 'PercentileCont'>, <class 'PercentileDisc'>, <class 'Posexplode'>, <class 'PosexplodeOuter'>, <class 'Pow'>, <class 'Predict'>, <class 'Quantile'>, <class 'Quarter'>, <class 'Rand'>, <class 'Randn'>, <class 'RangeN'>, <class 'ReadCSV'>, <class 'Reduce'>, <class 'RegexpExtract'>, <class 'RegexpILike'>, <class 'RegexpLike'>, <class 'RegexpReplace'>, <class 'RegexpSplit'>, <class 'Repeat'>, <class 'Right'>, <class 'Round'>, <class 'RowNumber'>, <class 'SHA'>, <class 'SHA2'>, <class 'SafeDivide'>, <class 'Sign'>, <class 'SortArray'>, <class 'Split'>, <class 'Sqrt'>, <class 'StandardHash'>, <class 'StarMap'>, <class 'StartsWith'>, <class 'Stddev'>, <class 'StddevPop'>, <class 'StddevSamp'>, <class 'StrPosition'>, <class 'StrToDate'>, <class 'StrToMap'>, <class 'StrToTime'>, <class 'StrToUnix'>, <class 'StringToArray'>, <class 'Struct'>, <class 'StructExtract'>, <class 'Stuff'>, <class 'Substring'>, <class 'Sum'>, <class 'Time'>, <class 'TimeAdd'>, <class 'TimeDiff'>, <class 'TimeFromParts'>, <class 'TimeStrToDate'>, <class 'TimeStrToTime'>, <class 'TimeStrToUnix'>, <class 'TimeSub'>, <class 'TimeToStr'>, <class 'TimeToTimeStr'>, <class 'TimeToUnix'>, <class 'TimeTrunc'>, <class 'Timestamp'>, <class 'TimestampAdd'>, <class 'TimestampDiff'>, <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, <class 'TimestampSub'>, <class 'TimestampTrunc'>, <class 'ToArray'>, <class 'ToBase64'>, <class 'ToChar'>, <class 'ToDays'>, <class 'ToMap'>, <class 'ToNumber'>, <class 'Transform'>, <class 'Trim'>, <class 'Try'>, <class 'TryCast'>, <class 'TsOrDiToDi'>, <class 'TsOrDsAdd'>, <class 'TsOrDsDiff'>, <class 'TsOrDsToDate'>, <class 'TsOrDsToDateStr'>, <class 'TsOrDsToTime'>, <class 'TsOrDsToTimestamp'>, <class 'Unhex'>, <class 'UnixDate'>, <class 'UnixToStr'>, <class 'UnixToTime'>, <class 'UnixToTimeStr'>, <class 'Unnest'>, <class 'UnpackColumns'>, <class 'Upper'>, <class 'Uuid'>, <class 'VarMap'>, <class 'Variance'>, <class 'VariancePop'>, <class 'Week'>, <class 'WeekOfYear'>, <class 'When'>, <class 'XMLTable'>, <class 'Xor'>, <class 'Year'>]
FUNCTION_BY_NAME = {'ABS': <class 'Abs'>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <class 'AddMonths'>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <class 'AnonymousAggFunc'>, 'ANY_VALUE': <class 'AnyValue'>, 'APPLY': <class 'Apply'>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <class 'ApproxQuantile'>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <class 'ApproxTopK'>, 'ARG_MAX': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'ARGMAX': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'MAX_BY': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'ARG_MIN': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'ARGMIN': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'MIN_BY': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'ARRAY': <class 'Array'>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <class 'ArrayAgg'>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <class 'ArrayAll'>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <class 'ArrayAny'>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <class 'ArrayConcat'>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <class 'ArrayConcat'>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <class 'ArrayConstructCompact'>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <class 'ArrayContains'>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <class 'ArrayContains'>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, 'FILTER': <class 'ArrayFilter'>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <class 'ArrayFilter'>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <class 'ArrayOverlaps'>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <class 'ArraySize'>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <class 'ArraySize'>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <class 'ArraySort'>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <class 'ArraySum'>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <class 'ArrayToString'>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <class 'ArrayToString'>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <class 'ArrayUnionAgg'>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <class 'ArrayUniqueAgg'>, 'AVG': <class 'Avg'>, 'CASE': <class 'Case'>, 'CAST': <class 'Cast'>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <class 'CastToStrType'>, 'CBRT': <class 'Cbrt'>, 'CEIL': <class 'Ceil'>, 'CEILING': <class 'Ceil'>, 'CHR': <class 'Chr'>, 'CHAR': <class 'Chr'>, 'COALESCE': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'IFNULL': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'NVL': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'COLLATE': <class 'Collate'>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <class 'CombinedAggFunc'>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <class 'CombinedParameterizedAgg'>, 'CONCAT': <class 'Concat'>, 'CONCAT_WS': <class 'ConcatWs'>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <class 'ConnectByRoot'>, 'CONVERT': <class 'Convert'>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <class 'ConvertTimezone'>, 'CORR': <class 'Corr'>, 'COUNT': <class 'Count'>, 'COUNT_IF': <class 'CountIf'>, 'COUNTIF': <class 'CountIf'>, 'COVAR_POP': <class 'CovarPop'>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <class 'CovarSamp'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <class 'CurrentDate'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <class 'CurrentDatetime'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <class 'CurrentTime'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <class 'CurrentTimestamp'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <class 'CurrentUser'>, 'DATE': <class 'Date'>, 'DATE_ADD': <class 'DateAdd'>, 'DATEDIFF': <class 'DateDiff'>, 'DATE_DIFF': <class 'DateDiff'>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <class 'DateFromParts'>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <class 'DateFromParts'>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <class 'DateStrToDate'>, 'DATE_SUB': <class 'DateSub'>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <class 'DateToDateStr'>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <class 'DateToDi'>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <class 'DateTrunc'>, 'DATETIME': <class 'Datetime'>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <class 'DatetimeAdd'>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <class 'DatetimeDiff'>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <class 'DatetimeSub'>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <class 'DatetimeTrunc'>, 'DAY': <class 'Day'>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <class 'DayOfMonth'>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <class 'DayOfMonth'>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <class 'DayOfWeek'>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <class 'DayOfWeek'>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <class 'DayOfWeekIso'>, 'ISODOW': <class 'DayOfWeekIso'>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <class 'DayOfYear'>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <class 'DayOfYear'>, 'DECODE': <class 'Decode'>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <class 'DiToDate'>, 'ENCODE': <class 'Encode'>, 'EXP': <class 'Exp'>, 'EXPLODE': <class 'Explode'>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <class 'ExplodeOuter'>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <class 'ExplodingGenerateSeries'>, 'EXTRACT': <class 'Extract'>, 'FIRST': <class 'First'>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <class 'FirstValue'>, 'FLATTEN': <class 'Flatten'>, 'FLOOR': <class 'Floor'>, 'FROM_BASE': <class 'FromBase'>, 'FROM_BASE64': <class 'FromBase64'>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <class 'FromISO8601Timestamp'>, 'GAP_FILL': <class 'GapFill'>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <class 'GenerateDateArray'>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <class 'GenerateSeries'>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <class 'GenerateTimestampArray'>, 'GREATEST': <class 'Greatest'>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <class 'GroupConcat'>, 'HEX': <class 'Hex'>, 'HLL': <class 'Hll'>, 'IF': <class 'If'>, 'IIF': <class 'If'>, 'INITCAP': <class 'Initcap'>, 'INLINE': <class 'Inline'>, 'IS_INF': <class 'IsInf'>, 'ISINF': <class 'IsInf'>, 'IS_NAN': <class 'IsNan'>, 'ISNAN': <class 'IsNan'>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <class 'JSONArray'>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <class 'JSONArrayAgg'>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <class 'JSONArrayContains'>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <class 'JSONBContains'>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <class 'JSONBExtract'>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <class 'JSONBExtractScalar'>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <class 'JSONExists'>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <class 'JSONExtract'>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <class 'JSONExtractScalar'>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <class 'JSONFormat'>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <class 'JSONObject'>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <class 'JSONObjectAgg'>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <class 'JSONTable'>, 'LAG': <class 'Lag'>, 'LAST': <class 'Last'>, 'LAST_DAY': <class 'LastDay'>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <class 'LastDay'>, 'LAST_VALUE': <class 'LastValue'>, 'LEAD': <class 'Lead'>, 'LEAST': <class 'Least'>, 'LEFT': <class 'Left'>, 'LENGTH': <class 'Length'>, 'LEN': <class 'Length'>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <class 'Levenshtein'>, 'LIST': <class 'List'>, 'LN': <class 'Ln'>, 'LOG': <class 'Log'>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'BOOL_AND': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'BOOL_OR': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'LOWER': <class 'Lower'>, 'LCASE': <class 'Lower'>, 'LOWER_HEX': <class 'LowerHex'>, 'MD5': <class 'MD5'>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <class 'MD5Digest'>, 'MAP': <class 'Map'>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <class 'MapFromEntries'>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <class 'MatchAgainst'>, 'MAX': <class 'Max'>, 'MIN': <class 'Min'>, 'MONTH': <class 'Month'>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <class 'MonthsBetween'>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <class 'NextValueFor'>, 'NORMALIZE': <class 'Normalize'>, 'NTH_VALUE': <class 'NthValue'>, 'NULLIF': <class 'Nullif'>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <class 'NumberToStr'>, 'NVL2': <class 'Nvl2'>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <class 'ObjectInsert'>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <class 'OpenJSON'>, 'PAD': <class 'Pad'>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <class 'ParameterizedAgg'>, 'PARSE_JSON': <class 'ParseJSON'>, 'JSON_PARSE': <class 'ParseJSON'>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <class 'PercentileCont'>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <class 'PercentileDisc'>, 'POSEXPLODE': <class 'Posexplode'>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <class 'PosexplodeOuter'>, 'POWER': <class 'Pow'>, 'POW': <class 'Pow'>, 'PREDICT': <class 'Predict'>, 'QUANTILE': <class 'Quantile'>, 'QUARTER': <class 'Quarter'>, 'RAND': <class 'Rand'>, 'RANDOM': <class 'Rand'>, 'RANDN': <class 'Randn'>, 'RANGE_N': <class 'RangeN'>, 'READ_CSV': <class 'ReadCSV'>, 'REDUCE': <class 'Reduce'>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <class 'RegexpExtract'>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <class 'RegexpILike'>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <class 'RegexpLike'>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <class 'RegexpReplace'>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <class 'RegexpSplit'>, 'REPEAT': <class 'Repeat'>, 'RIGHT': <class 'Right'>, 'ROUND': <class 'Round'>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <class 'RowNumber'>, 'SHA': <class 'SHA'>, 'SHA1': <class 'SHA'>, 'SHA2': <class 'SHA2'>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <class 'SafeDivide'>, 'SIGN': <class 'Sign'>, 'SIGNUM': <class 'Sign'>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <class 'SortArray'>, 'SPLIT': <class 'Split'>, 'SQRT': <class 'Sqrt'>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <class 'StandardHash'>, 'STAR_MAP': <class 'StarMap'>, 'STARTS_WITH': <class 'StartsWith'>, 'STARTSWITH': <class 'StartsWith'>, 'STDDEV': <class 'Stddev'>, 'STDEV': <class 'Stddev'>, 'STDDEV_POP': <class 'StddevPop'>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <class 'StddevSamp'>, 'STR_POSITION': <class 'StrPosition'>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <class 'StrToDate'>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <class 'StrToMap'>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <class 'StrToTime'>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <class 'StrToUnix'>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <class 'StringToArray'>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <class 'StringToArray'>, 'STRUCT': <class 'Struct'>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <class 'StructExtract'>, 'STUFF': <class 'Stuff'>, 'INSERT': <class 'Stuff'>, 'SUBSTRING': <class 'Substring'>, 'SUBSTR': <class 'Substring'>, 'SUM': <class 'Sum'>, 'TIME': <class 'Time'>, 'TIME_ADD': <class 'TimeAdd'>, 'TIME_DIFF': <class 'TimeDiff'>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <class 'TimeFromParts'>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <class 'TimeFromParts'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <class 'TimeStrToDate'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <class 'TimeStrToTime'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <class 'TimeStrToUnix'>, 'TIME_SUB': <class 'TimeSub'>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <class 'TimeToStr'>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <class 'TimeToTimeStr'>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <class 'TimeToUnix'>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <class 'TimeTrunc'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <class 'Timestamp'>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <class 'TimestampAdd'>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <class 'TimestampDiff'>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <class 'TimestampDiff'>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <class 'TimestampSub'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <class 'TimestampTrunc'>, 'TO_ARRAY': <class 'ToArray'>, 'TO_BASE64': <class 'ToBase64'>, 'TO_CHAR': <class 'ToChar'>, 'TO_DAYS': <class 'ToDays'>, 'TO_MAP': <class 'ToMap'>, 'TO_NUMBER': <class 'ToNumber'>, 'TRANSFORM': <class 'Transform'>, 'TRIM': <class 'Trim'>, 'TRY': <class 'Try'>, 'TRY_CAST': <class 'TryCast'>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <class 'TsOrDiToDi'>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <class 'TsOrDsAdd'>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <class 'TsOrDsDiff'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <class 'TsOrDsToDate'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <class 'TsOrDsToDateStr'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <class 'TsOrDsToTime'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <class 'TsOrDsToTimestamp'>, 'UNHEX': <class 'Unhex'>, 'UNIX_DATE': <class 'UnixDate'>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <class 'UnixToStr'>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <class 'UnixToTime'>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <class 'UnixToTimeStr'>, 'UNNEST': <class 'Unnest'>, 'UNPACK_COLUMNS': <class 'UnpackColumns'>, 'UPPER': <class 'Upper'>, 'UCASE': <class 'Upper'>, 'UUID': <class 'Uuid'>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <class 'Uuid'>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <class 'Uuid'>, 'UUID_STRING': <class 'Uuid'>, 'VAR_MAP': <class 'VarMap'>, 'VARIANCE': <class 'Variance'>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <class 'Variance'>, 'VAR_SAMP': <class 'Variance'>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <class 'VariancePop'>, 'VAR_POP': <class 'VariancePop'>, 'WEEK': <class 'Week'>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <class 'WeekOfYear'>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <class 'WeekOfYear'>, 'WHEN': <class 'When'>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <class 'XMLTable'>, 'XOR': <class 'Xor'>, 'YEAR': <class 'Year'>}
JSON_PATH_PARTS = [<class 'JSONPathFilter'>, <class 'JSONPathKey'>, <class 'JSONPathRecursive'>, <class 'JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'JSONPathScript'>, <class 'JSONPathSelector'>, <class 'JSONPathSlice'>, <class 'JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'JSONPathUnion'>, <class 'JSONPathWildcard'>]
PERCENTILES = (<class 'PercentileCont'>, <class 'PercentileDisc'>)
def maybe_parse( sql_or_expression: Union[str, Expression], *, into: Union[str, Type[Expression], Collection[Union[str, Type[Expression]]], NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, prefix: Optional[str] = None, copy: bool = False, **opts) -> Expression: View Source

    6377def maybe_parse(
    6378    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6379    *,
    6380    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6381    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6382    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6383    copy: bool = False,
    6384    **opts,
    6385) -> Expression:
    6386    """Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.
    6387
    6388    Example:
    6389        >>> maybe_parse("1")
    6390        Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
    6391        >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
    6392        Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)
    6393
    6394    Args:
    6395        sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
    6396        into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
    6397        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6398            input expression is a SQL string).
    6399        prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed
    6400            (automatically includes a space)
    6401        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6402        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6403            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6404
    6405    Returns:
    6406        Expression: the parsed or given expression.
    6407    """
    6408    if isinstance(sql_or_expression, Expression):
    6409        if copy:
    6410            return sql_or_expression.copy()
    6411        return sql_or_expression
    6412
    6413    if sql_or_expression is None:
    6414        raise ParseError("SQL cannot be None")
    6415
    6416    import sqlglot
    6417
    6418    sql = str(sql_or_expression)
    6419    if prefix:
    6420        sql = f"{prefix} {sql}"
    6421
    6422    return sqlglot.parse_one(sql, read=dialect, into=into, **opts)

Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> maybe_parse("1")
>     Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
>     >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
>     Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)

###### Arguments:

- sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
- into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).
- prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed (automatically includes a space)
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Expression: the parsed or given expression.

def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True): View Source

    6433def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True):
    6434    return instance.copy() if copy and instance else instance

def union( left: Union[str, Expression], right: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Union: View Source

    6655def union(
    6656    left: ExpOrStr,
    6657    right: ExpOrStr,
    6658    distinct: bool = True,
    6659    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6660    copy: bool = True,
    6661    **opts,
    6662) -> Union:
    6663    """
    6664    Initializes a syntax tree from one UNION expression.
    6665
    6666    Example:
    6667        >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6668        'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    6669
    6670    Args:
    6671        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6672            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6673        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6674            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6675        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6676        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6677        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6678        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6679
    6680    Returns:
    6681        The new Union instance.
    6682    """
    6683    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6684    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6685
    6686    return Union(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)

Initializes a syntax tree from one UNION expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Union instance.

def intersect( left: Union[str, Expression], right: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Intersect: View Source

    6689def intersect(
    6690    left: ExpOrStr,
    6691    right: ExpOrStr,
    6692    distinct: bool = True,
    6693    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6694    copy: bool = True,
    6695    **opts,
    6696) -> Intersect:
    6697    """
    6698    Initializes a syntax tree from one INTERSECT expression.
    6699
    6700    Example:
    6701        >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6702        'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    6703
    6704    Args:
    6705        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6706            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6707        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6708            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6709        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6710        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6711        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6712        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6713
    6714    Returns:
    6715        The new Intersect instance.
    6716    """
    6717    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6718    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6719
    6720    return Intersect(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)

Initializes a syntax tree from one INTERSECT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Intersect instance.

def except_( left: Union[str, Expression], right: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Except: View Source

    6723def except_(
    6724    left: ExpOrStr,
    6725    right: ExpOrStr,
    6726    distinct: bool = True,
    6727    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6728    copy: bool = True,
    6729    **opts,
    6730) -> Except:
    6731    """
    6732    Initializes a syntax tree from one EXCEPT expression.
    6733
    6734    Example:
    6735        >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6736        'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    6737
    6738    Args:
    6739        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6740            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6741        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6742            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6743        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6744        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6745        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6746        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6747
    6748    Returns:
    6749        The new Except instance.
    6750    """
    6751    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6752    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6753
    6754    return Except(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)

Initializes a syntax tree from one EXCEPT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Except instance.

def select( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    6757def select(*expressions: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    6758    """
    6759    Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.
    6760
    6761    Example:
    6762        >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
    6763        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    6764
    6765    Args:
    6766        *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a
    6767            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6768        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6769            input expression is a SQL string).
    6770        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6771            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6772
    6773    Returns:
    6774        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    6775    """
    6776    return Select().select(*expressions, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
>     'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.

def from_( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    6779def from_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    6780    """
    6781    Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.
    6782
    6783    Example:
    6784        >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
    6785        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    6786
    6787    Args:
    6788        *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a
    6789            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6790        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    6791            input expression is a SQL string).
    6792        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6793            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    6794
    6795    Returns:
    6796        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    6797    """
    6798    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
>     'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.

def update( table: str | Table, properties: dict, where: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, from_: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Update: View Source

    6801def update(
    6802    table: str | Table,
    6803    properties: dict,
    6804    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6805    from_: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6806    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6807    **opts,
    6808) -> Update:
    6809    """
    6810    Creates an update statement.
    6811
    6812    Example:
    6813        >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz", where="id > 1").sql()
    6814        "UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz WHERE id > 1"
    6815
    6816    Args:
    6817        *properties: dictionary of properties to set which are
    6818            auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
    6819        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    6820        from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
    6821        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6822        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6823
    6824    Returns:
    6825        Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.
    6826    """
    6827    update_expr = Update(this=maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect))
    6828    update_expr.set(
    6829        "expressions",
    6830        [
    6831            EQ(this=maybe_parse(k, dialect=dialect, **opts), expression=convert(v))
    6832            for k, v in properties.items()
    6833        ],
    6834    )
    6835    if from_:
    6836        update_expr.set(
    6837            "from",
    6838            maybe_parse(from_, into=From, dialect=dialect, prefix="FROM", **opts),
    6839        )
    6840    if isinstance(where, Condition):
    6841        where = Where(this=where)
    6842    if where:
    6843        update_expr.set(
    6844            "where",
    6845            maybe_parse(where, into=Where, dialect=dialect, prefix="WHERE", **opts),
    6846        )
    6847    return update_expr

Creates an update statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz", where="id > 1").sql()
>     "UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz WHERE id > 1"

###### Arguments:

- *properties: dictionary of properties to set which are auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
- where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
- from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.

def delete( table: Union[str, Expression], where: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, returning: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    6850def delete(
    6851    table: ExpOrStr,
    6852    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6853    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6854    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6855    **opts,
    6856) -> Delete:
    6857    """
    6858    Builds a delete statement.
    6859
    6860    Example:
    6861        >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
    6862        'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'
    6863
    6864    Args:
    6865        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    6866        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    6867        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6868        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6869
    6870    Returns:
    6871        Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.
    6872    """
    6873    delete_expr = Delete().delete(table, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6874    if where:
    6875        delete_expr = delete_expr.where(where, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6876    if returning:
    6877        delete_expr = delete_expr.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6878    return delete_expr

Builds a delete statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'

###### Arguments:

- where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
- returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.

def insert( expression: Union[str, Expression], into: Union[str, Expression], columns: Optional[Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None, overwrite: Optional[bool] = None, returning: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Insert: View Source

    6881def insert(
    6882    expression: ExpOrStr,
    6883    into: ExpOrStr,
    6884    columns: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None,
    6885    overwrite: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6886    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6887    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6888    copy: bool = True,
    6889    **opts,
    6890) -> Insert:
    6891    """
    6892    Builds an INSERT statement.
    6893
    6894    Example:
    6895        >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
    6896        'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'
    6897
    6898    Args:
    6899        expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
    6900        into: the tbl to insert data to.
    6901        columns: optionally the table's column names.
    6902        overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
    6903        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    6904        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6905        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6906        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6907
    6908    Returns:
    6909        Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.
    6910    """
    6911    expr = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6912    this: Table | Schema = maybe_parse(into, into=Table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6913
    6914    if columns:
    6915        this = Schema(this=this, expressions=[to_identifier(c, copy=copy) for c in columns])
    6916
    6917    insert = Insert(this=this, expression=expr, overwrite=overwrite)
    6918
    6919    if returning:
    6920        insert = insert.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6921
    6922    return insert

Builds an INSERT statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
>     'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
- into: the tbl to insert data to.
- columns: optionally the table's column names.
- overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
- returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.

def merge( *when_exprs: Union[str, Expression], into: Union[str, Expression], using: Union[str, Expression], on: Union[str, Expression], returning: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Merge: View Source

    6925def merge(
    6926    *when_exprs: ExpOrStr,
    6927    into: ExpOrStr,
    6928    using: ExpOrStr,
    6929    on: ExpOrStr,
    6930    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6931    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6932    copy: bool = True,
    6933    **opts,
    6934) -> Merge:
    6935    """
    6936    Builds a MERGE statement.
    6937
    6938    Example:
    6939        >>> merge("WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1",
    6940        ...       "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)",
    6941        ...       into="my_table",
    6942        ...       using="source_table",
    6943        ...       on="my_table.id = source_table.id").sql()
    6944        'MERGE INTO my_table USING source_table ON my_table.id = source_table.id WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)'
    6945
    6946    Args:
    6947        *when_exprs: The WHEN clauses specifying actions for matched and unmatched rows.
    6948        into: The target table to merge data into.
    6949        using: The source table to merge data from.
    6950        on: The join condition for the merge.
    6951        returning: The columns to return from the merge.
    6952        dialect: The dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6953        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    6954        **opts: Other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6955
    6956    Returns:
    6957        Merge: The syntax tree for the MERGE statement.
    6958    """
    6959    merge = Merge(
    6960        this=maybe_parse(into, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    6961        using=maybe_parse(using, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    6962        on=maybe_parse(on, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    6963        expressions=[
    6964            maybe_parse(when_expr, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, into=When, **opts)
    6965            for when_expr in when_exprs
    6966        ],
    6967    )
    6968    if returning:
    6969        merge = merge.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6970
    6971    return merge

Builds a MERGE statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> merge("WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1",
>     ...       "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)",
>     ...       into="my_table",
>     ...       using="source_table",
>     ...       on="my_table.id = source_table.id").sql()
>     'MERGE INTO my_table USING source_table ON my_table.id = source_table.id WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)'

###### Arguments:

- *when_exprs: The WHEN clauses specifying actions for matched and unmatched rows.
- into: The target table to merge data into.
- using: The source table to merge data from.
- on: The join condition for the merge.
- returning: The columns to return from the merge.
- dialect: The dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: Whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: Other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Merge: The syntax tree for the MERGE statement.

def condition( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    6974def condition(
    6975    expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6976) -> Condition:
    6977    """
    6978    Initialize a logical condition expression.
    6979
    6980    Example:
    6981        >>> condition("x=1").sql()
    6982        'x = 1'
    6983
    6984        This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:
    6985        >>> where = condition("x=1")
    6986        >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
    6987        >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
    6988        'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'
    6989
    6990    Args:
    6991        *expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    6992            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6993        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    6994            input expression is a SQL string).
    6995        copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
    6996        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6997            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    6998
    6999    Returns:
    7000        The new Condition instance
    7001    """
    7002    return maybe_parse(
    7003        expression,
    7004        into=Condition,
    7005        dialect=dialect,
    7006        copy=copy,
    7007        **opts,
    7008    )

Initialize a logical condition expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").sql()
>     'x = 1'

> This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:

>     >>> where = condition("x=1")
>     >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).
- copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> The new Condition instance

def and_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    7011def and_(
    7012    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    7013) -> Condition:
    7014    """
    7015    Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.
    7016
    7017    Example:
    7018        >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7019        'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'
    7020
    7021    Args:
    7022        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7023            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7024        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7025        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7026        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7027
    7028    Returns:
    7029        The new condition
    7030    """
    7031    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, And, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def or_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    7034def or_(
    7035    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    7036) -> Condition:
    7037    """
    7038    Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.
    7039
    7040    Example:
    7041        >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7042        'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'
    7043
    7044    Args:
    7045        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7046            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7047        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7048        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7049        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7050
    7051    Returns:
    7052        The new condition
    7053    """
    7054    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Or, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def xor( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    7057def xor(
    7058    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    7059) -> Condition:
    7060    """
    7061    Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.
    7062
    7063    Example:
    7064        >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7065        'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'
    7066
    7067    Args:
    7068        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7069            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7070        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7071        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7072        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7073
    7074    Returns:
    7075        The new condition
    7076    """
    7077    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Xor, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def not_( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not: View Source

    7080def not_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not:
    7081    """
    7082    Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.
    7083
    7084    Example:
    7085        >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
    7086        "NOT this_suit = 'black'"
    7087
    7088    Args:
    7089        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7090            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7091        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7092        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    7093        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7094
    7095    Returns:
    7096        The new condition.
    7097    """
    7098    this = condition(
    7099        expression,
    7100        dialect=dialect,
    7101        copy=copy,
    7102        **opts,
    7103    )
    7104    return Not(this=_wrap(this, Connector))

Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
>     "NOT this_suit = 'black'"

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition.

def paren( expression: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True) -> Paren: View Source

    7107def paren(expression: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True) -> Paren:
    7108    """
    7109    Wrap an expression in parentheses.
    7110
    7111    Example:
    7112        >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
    7113        '(5 + 3)'
    7114
    7115    Args:
    7116        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7117            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7118        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    7119
    7120    Returns:
    7121        The wrapped expression.
    7122    """
    7123    return Paren(this=maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy))

Wrap an expression in parentheses.

###### Example:

>     >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
>     '(5 + 3)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- copy: whether to copy the expression or not.

###### Returns:

> The wrapped expression.

SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE: Pattern[str] = re.compile('^[_a-zA-Z][\\w]*$')
def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True): View Source

    7139def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True):
    7140    """Builds an identifier.
    7141
    7142    Args:
    7143        name: The name to turn into an identifier.
    7144        quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
    7145        copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.
    7146
    7147    Returns:
    7148        The identifier ast node.
    7149    """
    7150
    7151    if name is None:
    7152        return None
    7153
    7154    if isinstance(name, Identifier):
    7155        identifier = maybe_copy(name, copy)
    7156    elif isinstance(name, str):
    7157        identifier = Identifier(
    7158            this=name,
    7159            quoted=not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(name) if quoted is None else quoted,
    7160        )
    7161    else:
    7162        raise ValueError(f"Name needs to be a string or an Identifier, got: {name.__class__}")
    7163    return identifier

Builds an identifier.

###### Arguments:

- name: The name to turn into an identifier.
- quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
- copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.

###### Returns:

> The identifier ast node.

def parse_identifier( name: str | Identifier, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> Identifier: View Source

    7166def parse_identifier(name: str | Identifier, dialect: DialectType = None) -> Identifier:
    7167    """
    7168    Parses a given string into an identifier.
    7169
    7170    Args:
    7171        name: The name to parse into an identifier.
    7172        dialect: The dialect to parse against.
    7173
    7174    Returns:
    7175        The identifier ast node.
    7176    """
    7177    try:
    7178        expression = maybe_parse(name, dialect=dialect, into=Identifier)
    7179    except (ParseError, TokenError):
    7180        expression = to_identifier(name)
    7181
    7182    return expression

Parses a given string into an identifier.

###### Arguments:

- name: The name to parse into an identifier.
- dialect: The dialect to parse against.

###### Returns:

> The identifier ast node.

INTERVAL_STRING_RE = re.compile('\\s*([0-9]+)\\s*([a-zA-Z]+)\\s*')
def to_interval( interval: str | Literal) -> Interval: View Source

    7188def to_interval(interval: str | Literal) -> Interval:
    7189    """Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'."""
    7190    if isinstance(interval, Literal):
    7191        if not interval.is_string:
    7192            raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    7193
    7194        interval = interval.this
    7195
    7196    interval_parts = INTERVAL_STRING_RE.match(interval)  # type: ignore
    7197
    7198    if not interval_parts:
    7199        raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    7200
    7201    return Interval(
    7202        this=Literal.string(interval_parts.group(1)),
    7203        unit=Var(this=interval_parts.group(2).upper()),
    7204    )

Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'.

def to_table( sql_path: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Table: View Source

    7207def to_table(
    7208    sql_path: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs
    7209) -> Table:
    7210    """
    7211    Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional.
    7212    If a table is passed in then that table is returned.
    7213
    7214    Args:
    7215        sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
    7216        dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
    7217        copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
    7218        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.
    7219
    7220    Returns:
    7221        A table expression.
    7222    """
    7223    if isinstance(sql_path, Table):
    7224        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    7225
    7226    table = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    7227
    7228    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    7229        table.set(k, v)
    7230
    7231    return table

Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional. If a table is passed in then that table is returned.

###### Arguments:

- sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
- dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
- copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
- kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.

###### Returns:

> A table expression.

def to_column( sql_path: str | Column, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Column: View Source

    7234def to_column(
    7235    sql_path: str | Column,
    7236    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7237    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7238    copy: bool = True,
    7239    **kwargs,
    7240) -> Column:
    7241    """
    7242    Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional.
    7243    If a column is passed in then that column is returned.
    7244
    7245    Args:
    7246        sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
    7247        quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
    7248        dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
    7249        copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
    7250        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.
    7251
    7252    Returns:
    7253        A column expression.
    7254    """
    7255    if isinstance(sql_path, Column):
    7256        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    7257
    7258    try:
    7259        col = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Column, dialect=dialect)
    7260    except ParseError:
    7261        return column(*reversed(sql_path.split(".")), quoted=quoted, **kwargs)
    7262
    7263    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    7264        col.set(k, v)
    7265
    7266    if quoted:
    7267        for i in col.find_all(Identifier):
    7268            i.set("quoted", True)
    7269
    7270    return col

Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional. If a column is passed in then that column is returned.

###### Arguments:

- sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
- quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
- dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
- copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
- kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.

###### Returns:

> A column expression.

def alias_( expression: Union[str, Expression], alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType], table: Union[bool, Sequence[str | Identifier]] = False, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts): View Source

    7273def alias_(
    7274    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7275    alias: t.Optional[str | Identifier],
    7276    table: bool | t.Sequence[str | Identifier] = False,
    7277    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7278    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7279    copy: bool = True,
    7280    **opts,
    7281):
    7282    """Create an Alias expression.
    7283
    7284    Example:
    7285        >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
    7286        'foo AS bar'
    7287
    7288        >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
    7289        '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'
    7290
    7291    Args:
    7292        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7293            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7294        alias: the alias name to use. If the name has
    7295            special characters it is quoted.
    7296        table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
    7297        quoted: whether to quote the alias
    7298        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7299        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    7300        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7301
    7302    Returns:
    7303        Alias: the aliased expression
    7304    """
    7305    exp = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7306    alias = to_identifier(alias, quoted=quoted)
    7307
    7308    if table:
    7309        table_alias = TableAlias(this=alias)
    7310        exp.set("alias", table_alias)
    7311
    7312        if not isinstance(table, bool):
    7313            for column in table:
    7314                table_alias.append("columns", to_identifier(column, quoted=quoted))
    7315
    7316        return exp
    7317
    7318    # We don't set the "alias" arg for Window expressions, because that would add an IDENTIFIER node in
    7319    # the AST, representing a "named_window" [1] construct (eg. bigquery). What we want is an ALIAS node
    7320    # for the complete Window expression.
    7321    #
    7322    # [1]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/window-function-calls
    7323
    7324    if "alias" in exp.arg_types and not isinstance(exp, Window):
    7325        exp.set("alias", alias)
    7326        return exp
    7327    return Alias(this=exp, alias=alias)

Create an Alias expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
>     'foo AS bar'

>     >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
>     '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- alias: the alias name to use. If the name has special characters it is quoted.
- table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
- quoted: whether to quote the alias
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: Whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Alias: the aliased expression

def subquery( expression: Union[str, Expression], alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    7330def subquery(
    7331    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7332    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7333    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7334    **opts,
    7335) -> Select:
    7336    """
    7337    Build a subquery expression that's selected from.
    7338
    7339    Example:
    7340        >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
    7341        'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'
    7342
    7343    Args:
    7344        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7345            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7346        alias: the alias name to use.
    7347        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7348        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7349
    7350    Returns:
    7351        A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.
    7352    """
    7353
    7354    expression = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts).subquery(alias, **opts)
    7355    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Build a subquery expression that's selected from.

###### Example:

>     >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- alias: the alias name to use.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.

def column( col, table=None, db=None, catalog=None, *, fields=None, quoted=None, copy=True): View Source

    7386def column(
    7387    col,
    7388    table=None,
    7389    db=None,
    7390    catalog=None,
    7391    *,
    7392    fields=None,
    7393    quoted=None,
    7394    copy=True,
    7395):
    7396    """
    7397    Build a Column.
    7398
    7399    Args:
    7400        col: Column name.
    7401        table: Table name.
    7402        db: Database name.
    7403        catalog: Catalog name.
    7404        fields: Additional fields using dots.
    7405        quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
    7406        copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.
    7407
    7408    Returns:
    7409        The new Column instance.
    7410    """
    7411    this = Column(
    7412        this=to_identifier(col, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7413        table=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7414        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7415        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7416    )
    7417
    7418    if fields:
    7419        this = Dot.build(
    7420            (this, *(to_identifier(field, quoted=quoted, copy=copy) for field in fields))
    7421        )
    7422    return this

Build a Column.

###### Arguments:

- col: Column name.
- table: Table name.
- db: Database name.
- catalog: Catalog name.
- fields: Additional fields using dots.
- quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
- copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.

###### Returns:

> The new Column instance.

def cast( expression: Union[str, Expression], to: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type], copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Cast: View Source

    7425def cast(
    7426    expression: ExpOrStr, to: DATA_TYPE, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    7427) -> Cast:
    7428    """Cast an expression to a data type.
    7429
    7430    Example:
    7431        >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
    7432        'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'
    7433
    7434    Args:
    7435        expression: The expression to cast.
    7436        to: The datatype to cast to.
    7437        copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.
    7438        dialect: The target dialect. This is used to prevent a re-cast in the following scenario:
    7439            - The expression to be cast is already a exp.Cast expression
    7440            - The existing cast is to a type that is logically equivalent to new type
    7441
    7442            For example, if :expression='CAST(x as DATETIME)' and :to=Type.TIMESTAMP,
    7443            but in the target dialect DATETIME is mapped to TIMESTAMP, then we will NOT return `CAST(x (as DATETIME) as TIMESTAMP)`
    7444            and instead just return the original expression `CAST(x as DATETIME)`.
    7445
    7446            This is to prevent it being output as a double cast `CAST(x (as TIMESTAMP) as TIMESTAMP)` once the DATETIME -> TIMESTAMP
    7447            mapping is applied in the target dialect generator.
    7448
    7449    Returns:
    7450        The new Cast instance.
    7451    """
    7452    expr = maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7453    data_type = DataType.build(to, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7454
    7455    # dont re-cast if the expression is already a cast to the correct type
    7456    if isinstance(expr, Cast):
    7457        from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    7458
    7459        target_dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    7460        type_mapping = target_dialect.generator_class.TYPE_MAPPING
    7461
    7462        existing_cast_type: DataType.Type = expr.to.this
    7463        new_cast_type: DataType.Type = data_type.this
    7464        types_are_equivalent = type_mapping.get(
    7465            existing_cast_type, existing_cast_type
    7466        ) == type_mapping.get(new_cast_type, new_cast_type)
    7467        if expr.is_type(data_type) or types_are_equivalent:
    7468            return expr
    7469
    7470    expr = Cast(this=expr, to=data_type)
    7471    expr.type = data_type
    7472
    7473    return expr

Cast an expression to a data type.

###### Example:

>     >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
>     'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression to cast.
- to: The datatype to cast to.
- copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.

- dialect: The target dialect. This is used to prevent a re-cast in the following scenario:

  - The expression to be cast is already a exp.Cast expression
  - The existing cast is to a type that is logically equivalent to new type

  For example, if :expression='CAST(x as DATETIME)' and :to=Type.TIMESTAMP, but in the target dialect DATETIME is mapped to TIMESTAMP, then we will NOT return `CAST(x (as DATETIME) as TIMESTAMP)` and instead just return the original expression `CAST(x as DATETIME)`.

  This is to prevent it being output as a double cast `CAST(x (as TIMESTAMP) as TIMESTAMP)` once the DATETIME -> TIMESTAMP mapping is applied in the target dialect generator.

###### Returns:

> The new Cast instance.

def table_( table: Identifier | str, db: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, catalog: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None) -> Table: View Source

    7476def table_(
    7477    table: Identifier | str,
    7478    db: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7479    catalog: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7480    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7481    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7482) -> Table:
    7483    """Build a Table.
    7484
    7485    Args:
    7486        table: Table name.
    7487        db: Database name.
    7488        catalog: Catalog name.
    7489        quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
    7490        alias: Table's alias.
    7491
    7492    Returns:
    7493        The new Table instance.
    7494    """
    7495    return Table(
    7496        this=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted) if table else None,
    7497        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted) if db else None,
    7498        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted) if catalog else None,
    7499        alias=TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None,
    7500    )

Build a Table.

###### Arguments:

- table: Table name.
- db: Database name.
- catalog: Catalog name.
- quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
- alias: Table's alias.

###### Returns:

> The new Table instance.

def values( values: Iterable[Tuple[Any, ...]], alias: Optional[str] = None, columns: Union[Iterable[str], Dict[str, DataType], NoneType] = None) -> Values: View Source

    7503def values(
    7504    values: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]],
    7505    alias: t.Optional[str] = None,
    7506    columns: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str] | t.Dict[str, DataType]] = None,
    7507) -> Values:
    7508    """Build VALUES statement.
    7509
    7510    Example:
    7511        >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
    7512        "VALUES (1, '2')"
    7513
    7514    Args:
    7515        values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
    7516        alias: optional alias
    7517        columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types.
    7518         If either are provided then an alias is also required.
    7519
    7520    Returns:
    7521        Values: the Values expression object
    7522    """
    7523    if columns and not alias:
    7524        raise ValueError("Alias is required when providing columns")
    7525
    7526    return Values(
    7527        expressions=[convert(tup) for tup in values],
    7528        alias=(
    7529            TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias), columns=[to_identifier(x) for x in columns])
    7530            if columns
    7531            else (TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None)
    7532        ),
    7533    )

Build VALUES statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
>     "VALUES (1, '2')"

###### Arguments:

- values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
- alias: optional alias
- columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types. If either are provided then an alias is also required.

###### Returns:

> Values: the Values expression object

def var( name: Union[str, Expression, NoneType]) -> Var: View Source

    7536def var(name: t.Optional[ExpOrStr]) -> Var:
    7537    """Build a SQL variable.
    7538
    7539    Example:
    7540        >>> repr(var('x'))
    7541        'Var(this=x)'
    7542
    7543        >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
    7544        'Var(this=x)'
    7545
    7546    Args:
    7547        name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.
    7548
    7549    Returns:
    7550        The new variable node.
    7551    """
    7552    if not name:
    7553        raise ValueError("Cannot convert empty name into var.")
    7554
    7555    if isinstance(name, Expression):
    7556        name = name.name
    7557    return Var(this=name)

Build a SQL variable.

###### Example:

>     >>> repr(var('x'))
>     'Var(this=x)'

>     >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
>     'Var(this=x)'

###### Arguments:

- name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.

###### Returns:

> The new variable node.

def rename_table( old_name: str | Table, new_name: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> Alter: View Source

    7560def rename_table(
    7561    old_name: str | Table,
    7562    new_name: str | Table,
    7563    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7564) -> Alter:
    7565    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression
    7566
    7567    Args:
    7568        old_name: The old name of the table
    7569        new_name: The new name of the table
    7570        dialect: The dialect to parse the table.
    7571
    7572    Returns:
    7573        Alter table expression
    7574    """
    7575    old_table = to_table(old_name, dialect=dialect)
    7576    new_table = to_table(new_name, dialect=dialect)
    7577    return Alter(
    7578        this=old_table,
    7579        kind="TABLE",
    7580        actions=[
    7581            RenameTable(this=new_table),
    7582        ],
    7583    )

Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression

###### Arguments:

- old_name: The old name of the table
- new_name: The new name of the table
- dialect: The dialect to parse the table.

###### Returns:

> Alter table expression

def rename_column( table_name: str | Table, old_column_name: str | Column, new_column_name: str | Column, exists: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> Alter: View Source

    7586def rename_column(
    7587    table_name: str | Table,
    7588    old_column_name: str | Column,
    7589    new_column_name: str | Column,
    7590    exists: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7591    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7592) -> Alter:
    7593    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression
    7594
    7595    Args:
    7596        table_name: Name of the table
    7597        old_column: The old name of the column
    7598        new_column: The new name of the column
    7599        exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
    7600        dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.
    7601
    7602    Returns:
    7603        Alter table expression
    7604    """
    7605    table = to_table(table_name, dialect=dialect)
    7606    old_column = to_column(old_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    7607    new_column = to_column(new_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    7608    return Alter(
    7609        this=table,
    7610        kind="TABLE",
    7611        actions=[
    7612            RenameColumn(this=old_column, to=new_column, exists=exists),
    7613        ],
    7614    )

Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression

###### Arguments:

- table_name: Name of the table
- old_column: The old name of the column
- new_column: The new name of the column
- exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
- dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.

###### Returns:

> Alter table expression

def convert(value: Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression: View Source

    7617def convert(value: t.Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression:
    7618    """Convert a python value into an expression object.
    7619
    7620    Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.
    7621
    7622    Args:
    7623        value: A python object.
    7624        copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).
    7625
    7626    Returns:
    7627        The equivalent expression object.
    7628    """
    7629    if isinstance(value, Expression):
    7630        return maybe_copy(value, copy)
    7631    if isinstance(value, str):
    7632        return Literal.string(value)
    7633    if isinstance(value, bool):
    7634        return Boolean(this=value)
    7635    if value is None or (isinstance(value, float) and math.isnan(value)):
    7636        return null()
    7637    if isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
    7638        return Literal.number(value)
    7639    if isinstance(value, bytes):
    7640        return HexString(this=value.hex())
    7641    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
    7642        datetime_literal = Literal.string(value.isoformat(sep=" "))
    7643
    7644        tz = None
    7645        if value.tzinfo:
    7646            # this works for zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, pytz.timezone and datetime.datetime.utc to return IANA timezone names like "America/Los_Angeles"
    7647            # instead of abbreviations like "PDT". This is for consistency with other timezone handling functions in SQLGlot
    7648            tz = Literal.string(str(value.tzinfo))
    7649
    7650        return TimeStrToTime(this=datetime_literal, zone=tz)
    7651    if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
    7652        date_literal = Literal.string(value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    7653        return DateStrToDate(this=date_literal)
    7654    if isinstance(value, tuple):
    7655        if hasattr(value, "_fields"):
    7656            return Struct(
    7657                expressions=[
    7658                    PropertyEQ(
    7659                        this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(getattr(value, k), copy=copy)
    7660                    )
    7661                    for k in value._fields
    7662                ]
    7663            )
    7664        return Tuple(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    7665    if isinstance(value, list):
    7666        return Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    7667    if isinstance(value, dict):
    7668        return Map(
    7669            keys=Array(expressions=[convert(k, copy=copy) for k in value]),
    7670            values=Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value.values()]),
    7671        )
    7672    if hasattr(value, "__dict__"):
    7673        return Struct(
    7674            expressions=[
    7675                PropertyEQ(this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(v, copy=copy))
    7676                for k, v in value.__dict__.items()
    7677            ]
    7678        )
    7679    raise ValueError(f"Cannot convert {value}")

Convert a python value into an expression object.

Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.

###### Arguments:

- value: A python object.
- copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).

###### Returns:

> The equivalent expression object.

def replace_children( expression: Expression, fun: Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None: View Source

    7682def replace_children(expression: Expression, fun: t.Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
    7683    """
    7684    Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.
    7685    """
    7686    for k, v in tuple(expression.args.items()):
    7687        is_list_arg = type(v) is list
    7688
    7689        child_nodes = v if is_list_arg else [v]
    7690        new_child_nodes = []
    7691
    7692        for cn in child_nodes:
    7693            if isinstance(cn, Expression):
    7694                for child_node in ensure_collection(fun(cn, *args, **kwargs)):
    7695                    new_child_nodes.append(child_node)
    7696            else:
    7697                new_child_nodes.append(cn)
    7698
    7699        expression.set(k, new_child_nodes if is_list_arg else seq_get(new_child_nodes, 0))

Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.

def replace_tree( expression: Expression, fun: Callable, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Expression: View Source

    7702def replace_tree(
    7703    expression: Expression,
    7704    fun: t.Callable,
    7705    prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None,
    7706) -> Expression:
    7707    """
    7708    Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.
    7709
    7710    This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first.
    7711    If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.
    7712    """
    7713    stack = list(expression.dfs(prune=prune))
    7714
    7715    while stack:
    7716        node = stack.pop()
    7717        new_node = fun(node)
    7718
    7719        if new_node is not node:
    7720            node.replace(new_node)
    7721
    7722            if isinstance(new_node, Expression):
    7723                stack.append(new_node)
    7724
    7725    return new_node

Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.

This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first. If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.

def column_table_names( expression: Expression, exclude: str = '') -> Set[str]: View Source

    7728def column_table_names(expression: Expression, exclude: str = "") -> t.Set[str]:
    7729    """
    7730    Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.
    7731
    7732    Example:
    7733        >>> import sqlglot
    7734        >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
    7735        ['a', 'c']
    7736
    7737    Args:
    7738        expression: expression to find table names.
    7739        exclude: a table name to exclude
    7740
    7741    Returns:
    7742        A list of unique names.
    7743    """
    7744    return {
    7745        table
    7746        for table in (column.table for column in expression.find_all(Column))
    7747        if table and table != exclude
    7748    }

Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
>     ['a', 'c']

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression to find table names.
- exclude: a table name to exclude

###### Returns:

> A list of unique names.

def table_name( table: Table | str, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, identify: bool = False) -> str: View Source

    7751def table_name(table: Table | str, dialect: DialectType = None, identify: bool = False) -> str:
    7752    """Get the full name of a table as a string.
    7753
    7754    Args:
    7755        table: Table expression node or string.
    7756        dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
    7757        identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are:
    7758            False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect.
    7759            True: Always quote.
    7760
    7761    Examples:
    7762        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7763        >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
    7764        'a.b.c'
    7765
    7766    Returns:
    7767        The table name.
    7768    """
    7769
    7770    table = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    7771
    7772    if not table:
    7773        raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse {table}")
    7774
    7775    return ".".join(
    7776        (
    7777            part.sql(dialect=dialect, identify=True, copy=False)
    7778            if identify or not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(part.name)
    7779            else part.name
    7780        )
    7781        for part in table.parts
    7782    )

Get the full name of a table as a string.

###### Arguments:

- table: Table expression node or string.
- dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True: Always quote.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
>     'a.b.c'

###### Returns:

> The table name.

def normalize_table_name( table: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    7785def normalize_table_name(table: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> str:
    7786    """Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.
    7787
    7788    Args:
    7789        table: the table to normalize
    7790        dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
    7791        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7792
    7793    Examples:
    7794        >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
    7795        'A-B.c'
    7796    """
    7797    from sqlglot.optimizer.normalize_identifiers import normalize_identifiers
    7798
    7799    return ".".join(
    7800        p.name
    7801        for p in normalize_identifiers(
    7802            to_table(table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy), dialect=dialect
    7803        ).parts
    7804    )

Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.

###### Arguments:

- table: the table to normalize
- dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
- copy: whether to copy the expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
>     'A-B.c'

def replace_tables( expression: ~E, mapping: Dict[str, str], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    7807def replace_tables(
    7808    expression: E, mapping: t.Dict[str, str], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True
    7809) -> E:
    7810    """Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.
    7811
    7812    Args:
    7813        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    7814        mapping: mapping of table names.
    7815        dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
    7816        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7817
    7818    Examples:
    7819        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7820        >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
    7821        'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'
    7822
    7823    Returns:
    7824        The mapped expression.
    7825    """
    7826
    7827    mapping = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in mapping.items()}
    7828
    7829    def _replace_tables(node: Expression) -> Expression:
    7830        if isinstance(node, Table):
    7831            original = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    7832            new_name = mapping.get(original)
    7833
    7834            if new_name:
    7835                table = to_table(
    7836                    new_name,
    7837                    **{k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if k not in TABLE_PARTS},
    7838                    dialect=dialect,
    7839                )
    7840                table.add_comments([original])
    7841                return table
    7842        return node
    7843
    7844    return expression.transform(_replace_tables, copy=copy)  # type: ignore

Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
- mapping: mapping of table names.
- dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
- copy: whether to copy the expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'

###### Returns:

> The mapped expression.

def replace_placeholders( expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression: View Source

    7847def replace_placeholders(expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    7848    """Replace placeholders in an expression.
    7849
    7850    Args:
    7851        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    7852        args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
    7853        kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.
    7854
    7855    Examples:
    7856        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7857        >>> replace_placeholders(
    7858        ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
    7859        ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
    7860        ... ).sql()
    7861        "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"
    7862
    7863    Returns:
    7864        The mapped expression.
    7865    """
    7866
    7867    def _replace_placeholders(node: Expression, args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    7868        if isinstance(node, Placeholder):
    7869            if node.this:
    7870                new_name = kwargs.get(node.this)
    7871                if new_name is not None:
    7872                    return convert(new_name)
    7873            else:
    7874                try:
    7875                    return convert(next(args))
    7876                except StopIteration:
    7877                    pass
    7878        return node
    7879
    7880    return expression.transform(_replace_placeholders, iter(args), **kwargs)

Replace placeholders in an expression.

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
- args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
- kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> replace_placeholders(
>     ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
>     ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
>     ... ).sql()
>     "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"

###### Returns:

> The mapped expression.

def expand( expression: Expression, sources: Dict[str, Query], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Expression: View Source

    7883def expand(
    7884    expression: Expression,
    7885    sources: t.Dict[str, Query],
    7886    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7887    copy: bool = True,
    7888) -> Expression:
    7889    """Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.
    7890
    7891    Examples:
    7892        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    7893        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
    7894        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'
    7895
    7896        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
    7897        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'
    7898
    7899    Args:
    7900        expression: The expression to expand.
    7901        sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
    7902        dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
    7903        copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.
    7904
    7905    Returns:
    7906        The transformed expression.
    7907    """
    7908    sources = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in sources.items()}
    7909
    7910    def _expand(node: Expression):
    7911        if isinstance(node, Table):
    7912            name = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    7913            source = sources.get(name)
    7914            if source:
    7915                subquery = source.subquery(node.alias or name)
    7916                subquery.comments = [f"source: {name}"]
    7917                return subquery.transform(_expand, copy=False)
    7918        return node
    7919
    7920    return expression.transform(_expand, copy=copy)

Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'

>     >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression to expand.
- sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
- dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
- copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.

###### Returns:

> The transformed expression.

def func( name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Func: View Source

    7923def func(name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs) -> Func:
    7924    """
    7925    Returns a Func expression.
    7926
    7927    Examples:
    7928        >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
    7929        'ABS(5)'
    7930
    7931        >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
    7932        'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'
    7933
    7934    Args:
    7935        name: the name of the function to build.
    7936        args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7937        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    7938        dialect: the source dialect.
    7939        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7940
    7941    Note:
    7942        The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.
    7943
    7944    Returns:
    7945        An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't
    7946        correspond to an existing `sqlglot.expressions.Func` class.
    7947    """
    7948    if args and kwargs:
    7949        raise ValueError("Can't use both args and kwargs to instantiate a function.")
    7950
    7951    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    7952
    7953    dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    7954
    7955    converted: t.List[Expression] = [maybe_parse(arg, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for arg in args]
    7956    kwargs = {key: maybe_parse(value, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for key, value in kwargs.items()}
    7957
    7958    constructor = dialect.parser_class.FUNCTIONS.get(name.upper())
    7959    if constructor:
    7960        if converted:
    7961            if "dialect" in constructor.__code__.co_varnames:
    7962                function = constructor(converted, dialect=dialect)
    7963            else:
    7964                function = constructor(converted)
    7965        elif constructor.__name__ == "from_arg_list":
    7966            function = constructor.__self__(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
    7967        else:
    7968            constructor = FUNCTION_BY_NAME.get(name.upper())
    7969            if constructor:
    7970                function = constructor(**kwargs)
    7971            else:
    7972                raise ValueError(
    7973                    f"Unable to convert '{name}' into a Func. Either manually construct "
    7974                    "the Func expression of interest or parse the function call."
    7975                )
    7976    else:
    7977        kwargs = kwargs or {"expressions": converted}
    7978        function = Anonymous(this=name, **kwargs)
    7979
    7980    for error_message in function.error_messages(converted):
    7981        raise ValueError(error_message)
    7982
    7983    return function

Returns a Func expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
>     'ABS(5)'

>     >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
>     'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'

###### Arguments:

- name: the name of the function to build.
- args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Note:

> The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.

###### Returns:

> An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't correspond to an existing `sqlglot.expressions.Func` class.

def case( expression: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    7986def case(
    7987    expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7988    **opts,
    7989) -> Case:
    7990    """
    7991    Initialize a CASE statement.
    7992
    7993    Example:
    7994        case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")
    7995
    7996    Args:
    7997        expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
    7998        **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`
    7999    """
    8000    if expression is not None:
    8001        this = maybe_parse(expression, **opts)
    8002    else:
    8003        this = None
    8004    return Case(this=this, ifs=[])

Initialize a CASE statement.

###### Example:

> case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")

###### Arguments:

- expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
- **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`

def array( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Array: View Source

    8007def array(
    8008    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    8009) -> Array:
    8010    """
    8011    Returns an array.
    8012
    8013    Examples:
    8014        >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
    8015        'ARRAY(1, x)'
    8016
    8017    Args:
    8018        expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
    8019        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8020        dialect: the source dialect.
    8021        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8022
    8023    Returns:
    8024        An array expression.
    8025    """
    8026    return Array(
    8027        expressions=[
    8028            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    8029            for expression in expressions
    8030        ]
    8031    )

Returns an array.

###### Examples:

>     >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
>     'ARRAY(1, x)'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Returns:

> An array expression.

def tuple_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Tuple: View Source

    8034def tuple_(
    8035    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    8036) -> Tuple:
    8037    """
    8038    Returns an tuple.
    8039
    8040    Examples:
    8041        >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
    8042        '(1, x)'
    8043
    8044    Args:
    8045        expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
    8046        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8047        dialect: the source dialect.
    8048        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8049
    8050    Returns:
    8051        A tuple expression.
    8052    """
    8053    return Tuple(
    8054        expressions=[
    8055            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    8056            for expression in expressions
    8057        ]
    8058    )

Returns an tuple.

###### Examples:

>     >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
>     '(1, x)'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Returns:

> A tuple expression.

def true() -> Boolean: View Source

    8061def true() -> Boolean:
    8062    """
    8063    Returns a true Boolean expression.
    8064    """
    8065    return Boolean(this=True)

Returns a true Boolean expression.

def false() -> Boolean: View Source

    8068def false() -> Boolean:
    8069    """
    8070    Returns a false Boolean expression.
    8071    """
    8072    return Boolean(this=False)

Returns a false Boolean expression.

def null() -> Null: View Source

    8075def null() -> Null:
    8076    """
    8077    Returns a Null expression.
    8078    """
    8079    return Null()

Returns a Null expression.

NONNULL_CONSTANTS = (<class 'Literal'>, <class 'Boolean'>)
CONSTANTS = (<class 'Literal'>, <class 'Boolean'>, <class 'Null'>)