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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_timestamp_sql,
     20    regexp_extract_sql,
     21    rename_func,
     22    right_to_substring_sql,
     23    sha256_sql,
     24    strposition_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    timestamptrunc_sql,
     27    timestrtotime_sql,
     28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     29    unit_to_str,
     30    sequence_sql,
     31    build_regexp_extract,
     32    explode_to_unnest_sql,
     33)
     34from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     35from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     36from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     37from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     38from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     39from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
     40
     41DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     42
     43
     44def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     45    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     46    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     47
     48
     49def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     50    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     51        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     52    else:
     53        comparator = None
     54    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     55
     56
     57def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     58    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
     59        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     60        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     61
     62    if expression.parent:
     63        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     64            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     65            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     66                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     67
     68    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     69
     70
     71def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     72    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     73    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     74
     75
     76def _str_to_time_sql(
     77    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     78) -> str:
     79    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     80
     81
     82def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     83    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     84    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     85        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
     86    return self.sql(
     87        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
     88    )
     89
     90
     91def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
     92    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
     93    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
     94    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
     95
     96
     97def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
     98    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
     99    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    100    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    101    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    102
    103
    104def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    105    if len(args) == 4:
    106        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    107            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    108            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    109            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    110            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    111        )
    112    if len(args) == 3:
    113        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    114            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    115        )
    116    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    117
    118
    119def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    120    if len(args) == 3:
    121        return exp.UnixToTime(
    122            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    123            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    124            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    125        )
    126    if len(args) == 2:
    127        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    128
    129    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    130
    131
    132def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    133    """
    134    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    135    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    136    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    137
    138    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    139    """
    140    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    141        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    142
    143    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    144
    145
    146def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    147    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    148    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    149    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    150        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    151
    152    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    153
    154
    155def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    156    if not expression.type:
    157        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    158
    159        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    160    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    161        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    162    return expression
    163
    164
    165def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    166    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    167    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    168        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    169        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    170
    171    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    172    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    173    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    174
    175
    176def _date_delta_sql(
    177    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    178) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    179    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    180        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
    181        return self.func(
    182            name,
    183            unit_to_str(expression),
    184            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    185            expression.this,
    186        )
    187
    188    return _delta_sql
    189
    190
    191class Presto(Dialect):
    192    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    193    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    194    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    195    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    196    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    197    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    198    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    199    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    200    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    201
    202    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    203
    204    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    205    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    206    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    207    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    208
    209    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    210    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    211    ANNOTATORS = {
    212        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    213        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    214        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    215        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    216        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    217        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    218        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    219        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    220        if e.this
    221        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    222    }
    223
    224    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    225        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    226            (prefix + q, q)
    227            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    228            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    229        ]
    230
    231        KEYWORDS = {
    232            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    233            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    234            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    235            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    237            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    238            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    239            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    240            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    241            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    242            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    243            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    244        }
    245        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    246        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    247
    248    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    249        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    250
    251        FUNCTIONS = {
    252            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    253            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    254            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    255            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    256            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    257            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    258            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    259            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    260            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    261            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    262            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    263                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    264            ),
    265            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    266                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    267            ),
    268            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    269            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    270            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    271            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    272            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    273                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    274            ),
    275            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    276            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    277            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    278                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    279            ),
    280            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    281            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    282            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    283            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    284            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    285                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    286                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    287                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    288            ),
    289            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    290            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    291            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    292            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    293            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    294                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    295            ),
    296            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    297            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    298            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    299                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    300            ),
    301            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    302            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    303            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    304        }
    305
    306        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    307        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    308
    309    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    310        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    311        JOIN_HINTS = False
    312        TABLE_HINTS = False
    313        QUERY_HINTS = False
    314        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    315        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    316        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    317        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    318        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    319        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    320        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    321        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    322        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    323        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    324        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    325        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    326        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    327        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    328        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    329
    330        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    331            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    332            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    333            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    334        }
    335
    336        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    337            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    338            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    339            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    340            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    341            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    342            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    343            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    344            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    350        }
    351
    352        TRANSFORMS = {
    353            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    354            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    355            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    356            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    357            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    358            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    359            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    360            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    361            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    362            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    363            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    364            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    365            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    366            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    367                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    368            ),
    369            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    370            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    371            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    372                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    373            ),
    374            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    375            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    376            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    377            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    378            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    379            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    380            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    381                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    382            ),
    383            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    384            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    385            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    386            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    387            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    388            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    389            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    390            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    391            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    392            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    393            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    394            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    395            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    396            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    397            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    398            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    399            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    400            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    401            exp.If: if_sql(),
    402            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    403            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    404            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    405            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    406            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    407            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    408            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    409            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    410            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    411                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    412            ),
    413            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    414            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    415            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    416            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    417            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    418            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    419            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    420            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    421            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    422            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    423                [
    424                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    425                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    426                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    427                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    428                ]
    429            ),
    430            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    431            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    432            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    433            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    434            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    435            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    436            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    437            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    438            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    439            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    440            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    441            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    442            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    443                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    444            ),
    445            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    446            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    447            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    448            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    449            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    450            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    451            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    452            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    453            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    454            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    455            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    456            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    457            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    458            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    459            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    460            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    461            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    462            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    463                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    464            ),
    465            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    466            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    467            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    468            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    469        }
    470
    471        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    472            "alter",
    473            "and",
    474            "as",
    475            "between",
    476            "by",
    477            "case",
    478            "cast",
    479            "constraint",
    480            "create",
    481            "cross",
    482            "current_time",
    483            "current_timestamp",
    484            "deallocate",
    485            "delete",
    486            "describe",
    487            "distinct",
    488            "drop",
    489            "else",
    490            "end",
    491            "escape",
    492            "except",
    493            "execute",
    494            "exists",
    495            "extract",
    496            "false",
    497            "for",
    498            "from",
    499            "full",
    500            "group",
    501            "having",
    502            "in",
    503            "inner",
    504            "insert",
    505            "intersect",
    506            "into",
    507            "is",
    508            "join",
    509            "left",
    510            "like",
    511            "natural",
    512            "not",
    513            "null",
    514            "on",
    515            "or",
    516            "order",
    517            "outer",
    518            "prepare",
    519            "right",
    520            "select",
    521            "table",
    522            "then",
    523            "true",
    524            "union",
    525            "using",
    526            "values",
    527            "when",
    528            "where",
    529            "with",
    530        }
    531
    532        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    533            this = expression.this
    534
    535            if not this.type:
    536                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    537
    538                this = annotate_types(this)
    539
    540            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    541                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    542
    543            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    544
    545        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    546            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    547            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    548            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    549            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    550            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    551            this = expression.this
    552            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    553            value_as_timestamp = (
    554                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    555            )
    556
    557            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    558
    559            formatted_value = self.func(
    560                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    561            )
    562            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    563                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    564                formatted_value,
    565                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    566            )
    567            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    568            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    569
    570        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    571            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    572                return self.func(
    573                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    574                    expression.this,
    575                    seq_get(
    576                        apply_index_offset(
    577                            expression.this,
    578                            expression.expressions,
    579                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    580                        ),
    581                        0,
    582                    ),
    583                )
    584            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    585
    586        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    587            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    588
    589            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    590            values: t.List[str] = []
    591            schema: t.List[str] = []
    592            unknown_type = False
    593
    594            for e in expression.expressions:
    595                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    596                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    597                        unknown_type = True
    598                    else:
    599                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    600                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    601                else:
    602                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    603
    604            size = len(expression.expressions)
    605
    606            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    607                if unknown_type:
    608                    self.unsupported(
    609                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    610                    )
    611                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    612            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    613
    614        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    615            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    616                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    617            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    618
    619        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    620            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    621            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    622            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    623
    624        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    625            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    626        ) -> t.List[str]:
    627            return [
    628                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    629                self.sql(limit),
    630            ]
    631
    632        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    633            """
    634            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    635            so we need to remove them
    636            """
    637            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    638            schema = expression.this
    639            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    640                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    641            return super().create_sql(expression)
    642
    643        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    644            """
    645            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    646            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    647            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    648            """
    649            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    650            if len(tables) > 1:
    651                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    652
    653            table = tables[0]
    654            expression.set("this", table)
    655            expression.set("tables", None)
    656
    657            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    658                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    659                if table_alias:
    660                    table_alias.pop()
    661                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    662
    663            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    664
    665        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    666            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    667
    668            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    669            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    670            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    671                return self.func(
    672                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    673                )
    674
    675            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    676
    677            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    678            segments = []
    679            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    680                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    681                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    682                    self.unsupported(
    683                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    684                    )
    685                    continue
    686                key = path_key.this
    687                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    688                    key = f'"{key}"'
    689                segments.append(f".{key}")
    690
    691            expr = "".join(segments)
    692
    693            return f"{this}{expr}"
    694
    695        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    696            return self.func(
    697                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    698                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    699                expression.args.get("separator"),
    700            )

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    192class Presto(Dialect):
    193    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    194    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    195    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    196    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    197    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    198    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    199    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    200    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    201    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    202
    203    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    204
    205    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    206    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    207    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    208    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    209
    210    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    211    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    212    ANNOTATORS = {
    213        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    214        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    215        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    216        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    217        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    218        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    219        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    220        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    221        if e.this
    222        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    223    }
    224
    225    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    226        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    227            (prefix + q, q)
    228            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    229            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    230        ]
    231
    232        KEYWORDS = {
    233            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    234            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    235            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    237            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    238            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    239            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    240            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    241            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    242            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    243            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    244            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    245        }
    246        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    247        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    248
    249    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    250        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    251
    252        FUNCTIONS = {
    253            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    254            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    255            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    256            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    257            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    258            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    259            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    260            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    261            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    262            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    263            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    264                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    265            ),
    266            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    267                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    268            ),
    269            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    270            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    271            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    272            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    273            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    274                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    275            ),
    276            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    277            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    278            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    280            ),
    281            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    282            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    283            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    284            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    285            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    286                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    287                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    288                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    289            ),
    290            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    291            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    292            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    293            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    294            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    295                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    296            ),
    297            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    298            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    299            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    300                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    301            ),
    302            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    303            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    304            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    305        }
    306
    307        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    308        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    309
    310    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    311        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    312        JOIN_HINTS = False
    313        TABLE_HINTS = False
    314        QUERY_HINTS = False
    315        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    316        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    317        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    318        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    319        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    320        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    321        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    322        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    323        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    324        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    325        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    326        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    327        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    328        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    329        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    330
    331        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    332            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    333            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    334            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    335        }
    336
    337        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    338            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    339            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    340            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    341            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    342            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    343            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    344            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    351        }
    352
    353        TRANSFORMS = {
    354            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    355            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    356            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    357            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    358            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    359            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    360            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    361            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    362            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    363            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    364            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    365            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    366            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    367            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    368                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    369            ),
    370            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    371            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    372            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    373                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    374            ),
    375            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    376            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    377            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    378            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    379            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    380            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    381            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    382                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    383            ),
    384            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    385            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    386            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    387            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    388            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    389            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    390            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    391            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    392            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    393            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    394            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    395            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    396            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    397            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    398            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    399            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    400            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    401            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    402            exp.If: if_sql(),
    403            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    404            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    405            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    406            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    407            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    408            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    409            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    410            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    411            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    412                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    413            ),
    414            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    415            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    416            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    417            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    418            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    419            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    420            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    421            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    422            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    423            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    424                [
    425                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    426                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    427                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    428                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    429                ]
    430            ),
    431            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    432            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    433            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    434            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    435            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    436            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    437            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    438            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    439            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    440            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    441            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    442            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    443            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    444                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    445            ),
    446            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    447            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    448            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    449            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    450            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    451            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    452            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    453            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    454            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    455            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    456            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    457            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    458            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    459            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    460            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    461            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    462            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    463            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    464                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    465            ),
    466            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    467            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    468            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    469            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    470        }
    471
    472        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    473            "alter",
    474            "and",
    475            "as",
    476            "between",
    477            "by",
    478            "case",
    479            "cast",
    480            "constraint",
    481            "create",
    482            "cross",
    483            "current_time",
    484            "current_timestamp",
    485            "deallocate",
    486            "delete",
    487            "describe",
    488            "distinct",
    489            "drop",
    490            "else",
    491            "end",
    492            "escape",
    493            "except",
    494            "execute",
    495            "exists",
    496            "extract",
    497            "false",
    498            "for",
    499            "from",
    500            "full",
    501            "group",
    502            "having",
    503            "in",
    504            "inner",
    505            "insert",
    506            "intersect",
    507            "into",
    508            "is",
    509            "join",
    510            "left",
    511            "like",
    512            "natural",
    513            "not",
    514            "null",
    515            "on",
    516            "or",
    517            "order",
    518            "outer",
    519            "prepare",
    520            "right",
    521            "select",
    522            "table",
    523            "then",
    524            "true",
    525            "union",
    526            "using",
    527            "values",
    528            "when",
    529            "where",
    530            "with",
    531        }
    532
    533        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    534            this = expression.this
    535
    536            if not this.type:
    537                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    538
    539                this = annotate_types(this)
    540
    541            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    542                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    543
    544            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    545
    546        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    547            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    548            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    549            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    550            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    551            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    552            this = expression.this
    553            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    554            value_as_timestamp = (
    555                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    556            )
    557
    558            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    559
    560            formatted_value = self.func(
    561                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    562            )
    563            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    564                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    565                formatted_value,
    566                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    567            )
    568            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    569            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    570
    571        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    572            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    573                return self.func(
    574                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    575                    expression.this,
    576                    seq_get(
    577                        apply_index_offset(
    578                            expression.this,
    579                            expression.expressions,
    580                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    581                        ),
    582                        0,
    583                    ),
    584                )
    585            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    586
    587        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    588            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    589
    590            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    591            values: t.List[str] = []
    592            schema: t.List[str] = []
    593            unknown_type = False
    594
    595            for e in expression.expressions:
    596                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    597                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    598                        unknown_type = True
    599                    else:
    600                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    601                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    602                else:
    603                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    604
    605            size = len(expression.expressions)
    606
    607            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    608                if unknown_type:
    609                    self.unsupported(
    610                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    611                    )
    612                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    613            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    614
    615        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    616            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    617                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    618            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    619
    620        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    621            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    622            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    623            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    624
    625        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    626            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    627        ) -> t.List[str]:
    628            return [
    629                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    630                self.sql(limit),
    631            ]
    632
    633        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    634            """
    635            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    636            so we need to remove them
    637            """
    638            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    639            schema = expression.this
    640            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    641                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    642            return super().create_sql(expression)
    643
    644        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    645            """
    646            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    647            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    648            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    649            """
    650            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    651            if len(tables) > 1:
    652                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    653
    654            table = tables[0]
    655            expression.set("this", table)
    656            expression.set("tables", None)
    657
    658            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    659                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    660                if table_alias:
    661                    table_alias.pop()
    662                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    663
    664            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    665
    666        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    667            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    668
    669            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    670            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    671            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    672                return self.func(
    673                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    674                )
    675
    676            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    677
    678            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    679            segments = []
    680            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    681                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    682                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    683                    self.unsupported(
    684                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    685                    )
    686                    continue
    687                key = path_key.this
    688                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    689                    key = f'"{key}"'
    690                segments.append(f".{key}")
    691
    692            expr = "".join(segments)
    693
    694            return f"{this}{expr}"
    695
    696        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    697            return self.func(
    698                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    699                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    700                expression.args.get("separator"),
    701            )

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
  PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE
  NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    225    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    226        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    227            (prefix + q, q)
    228            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    229            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    230        ]
    231
    232        KEYWORDS = {
    233            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    234            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    235            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    237            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    238            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    239            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    240            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    241            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    242            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    243            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    244            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    245        }
    246        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    247        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    249    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    250        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    251
    252        FUNCTIONS = {
    253            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    254            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    255            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    256            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    257            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    258            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    259            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    260            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    261            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    262            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    263            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    264                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    265            ),
    266            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    267                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    268            ),
    269            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    270            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    271            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    272            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    273            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    274                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    275            ),
    276            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    277            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    278            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    280            ),
    281            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    282            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    283            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    284            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    285            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    286                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    287                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    288                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    289            ),
    290            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    291            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    292            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    293            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    294            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    295                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    296            ),
    297            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    298            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    299            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    300                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    301            ),
    302            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    303            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    304            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    305        }
    306
    307        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    308        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    310    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    311        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    312        JOIN_HINTS = False
    313        TABLE_HINTS = False
    314        QUERY_HINTS = False
    315        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    316        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    317        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    318        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    319        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    320        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    321        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    322        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    323        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    324        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    325        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    326        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    327        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    328        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    329        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    330
    331        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    332            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    333            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    334            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    335        }
    336
    337        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    338            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    339            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    340            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    341            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    342            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    343            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    344            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    351        }
    352
    353        TRANSFORMS = {
    354            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    355            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    356            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    357            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    358            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    359            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    360            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    361            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    362            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    363            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    364            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    365            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    366            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    367            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    368                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    369            ),
    370            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    371            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    372            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    373                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    374            ),
    375            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    376            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    377            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    378            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    379            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    380            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    381            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    382                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    383            ),
    384            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    385            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    386            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    387            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    388            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    389            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    390            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    391            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    392            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    393            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    394            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    395            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    396            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    397            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    398            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    399            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    400            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    401            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    402            exp.If: if_sql(),
    403            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    404            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    405            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    406            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    407            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    408            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    409            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    410            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    411            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    412                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    413            ),
    414            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    415            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    416            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    417            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    418            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    419            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    420            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    421            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    422            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    423            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    424                [
    425                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    426                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    427                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    428                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    429                ]
    430            ),
    431            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    432            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    433            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    434            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    435            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    436            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    437            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    438            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    439            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    440            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    441            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    442            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    443            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    444                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    445            ),
    446            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    447            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    448            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    449            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    450            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    451            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    452            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    453            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    454            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    455            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    456            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    457            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    458            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    459            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    460            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    461            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    462            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    463            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    464                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    465            ),
    466            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    467            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    468            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    469            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    470        }
    471
    472        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    473            "alter",
    474            "and",
    475            "as",
    476            "between",
    477            "by",
    478            "case",
    479            "cast",
    480            "constraint",
    481            "create",
    482            "cross",
    483            "current_time",
    484            "current_timestamp",
    485            "deallocate",
    486            "delete",
    487            "describe",
    488            "distinct",
    489            "drop",
    490            "else",
    491            "end",
    492            "escape",
    493            "except",
    494            "execute",
    495            "exists",
    496            "extract",
    497            "false",
    498            "for",
    499            "from",
    500            "full",
    501            "group",
    502            "having",
    503            "in",
    504            "inner",
    505            "insert",
    506            "intersect",
    507            "into",
    508            "is",
    509            "join",
    510            "left",
    511            "like",
    512            "natural",
    513            "not",
    514            "null",
    515            "on",
    516            "or",
    517            "order",
    518            "outer",
    519            "prepare",
    520            "right",
    521            "select",
    522            "table",
    523            "then",
    524            "true",
    525            "union",
    526            "using",
    527            "values",
    528            "when",
    529            "where",
    530            "with",
    531        }
    532
    533        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    534            this = expression.this
    535
    536            if not this.type:
    537                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    538
    539                this = annotate_types(this)
    540
    541            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    542                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    543
    544            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    545
    546        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    547            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    548            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    549            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    550            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    551            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    552            this = expression.this
    553            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    554            value_as_timestamp = (
    555                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    556            )
    557
    558            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    559
    560            formatted_value = self.func(
    561                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    562            )
    563            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    564                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    565                formatted_value,
    566                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    567            )
    568            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    569            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    570
    571        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    572            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    573                return self.func(
    574                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    575                    expression.this,
    576                    seq_get(
    577                        apply_index_offset(
    578                            expression.this,
    579                            expression.expressions,
    580                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    581                        ),
    582                        0,
    583                    ),
    584                )
    585            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    586
    587        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    588            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    589
    590            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    591            values: t.List[str] = []
    592            schema: t.List[str] = []
    593            unknown_type = False
    594
    595            for e in expression.expressions:
    596                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    597                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    598                        unknown_type = True
    599                    else:
    600                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    601                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    602                else:
    603                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    604
    605            size = len(expression.expressions)
    606
    607            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    608                if unknown_type:
    609                    self.unsupported(
    610                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    611                    )
    612                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    613            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    614
    615        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    616            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    617                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    618            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    619
    620        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    621            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    622            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    623            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    624
    625        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    626            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    627        ) -> t.List[str]:
    628            return [
    629                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    630                self.sql(limit),
    631            ]
    632
    633        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    634            """
    635            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    636            so we need to remove them
    637            """
    638            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    639            schema = expression.this
    640            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    641                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    642            return super().create_sql(expression)
    643
    644        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    645            """
    646            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    647            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    648            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    649            """
    650            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    651            if len(tables) > 1:
    652                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    653
    654            table = tables[0]
    655            expression.set("this", table)
    656            expression.set("tables", None)
    657
    658            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    659                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    660                if table_alias:
    661                    table_alias.pop()
    662                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    663
    664            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    665
    666        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    667            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    668
    669            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    670            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    671            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    672                return self.func(
    673                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    674                )
    675
    676            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    677
    678            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    679            segments = []
    680            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    681                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    682                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    683                    self.unsupported(
    684                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    685                    )
    686                    continue
    687                key = path_key.this
    688                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    689                    key = f'"{key}"'
    690                segments.append(f".{key}")
    691
    692            expr = "".join(segments)
    693
    694            return f"{this}{expr}"
    695
    696        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    697            return self.func(
    698                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    699                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    700                expression.args.get("separator"),
    701            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'CARDINALITY'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'case', 'insert', 'create', 'union', 'where', 'deallocate', 'and', 'right', 'current_time', 'select', 'full', 'outer', 'natural', 'using', 'in', 'or', 'else', 'for', 'as', 'like', 'constraint', 'inner', 'delete', 'then', 'escape', 'cross', 'prepare', 'extract', 'when', 'by', 'alter', 'execute', 'values', 'distinct', 'current_timestamp', 'drop', 'is', 'end', 'between', 'intersect', 'with', 'left', 'from', 'on', 'except', 'true', 'cast', 'into', 'not', 'null', 'exists', 'group', 'having', 'table', 'describe', 'false', 'join', 'order'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    533        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    534            this = expression.this
    535
    536            if not this.type:
    537                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    538
    539                this = annotate_types(this)
    540
    541            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    542                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    543
    544            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    546        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    547            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    548            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    549            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    550            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    551            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    552            this = expression.this
    553            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    554            value_as_timestamp = (
    555                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    556            )
    557
    558            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    559
    560            formatted_value = self.func(
    561                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    562            )
    563            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    564                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    565                formatted_value,
    566                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    567            )
    568            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    569            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    571        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    572            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    573                return self.func(
    574                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    575                    expression.this,
    576                    seq_get(
    577                        apply_index_offset(
    578                            expression.this,
    579                            expression.expressions,
    580                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    581                        ),
    582                        0,
    583                    ),
    584                )
    585            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    587        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    588            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    589
    590            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    591            values: t.List[str] = []
    592            schema: t.List[str] = []
    593            unknown_type = False
    594
    595            for e in expression.expressions:
    596                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    597                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    598                        unknown_type = True
    599                    else:
    600                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    601                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    602                else:
    603                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    604
    605            size = len(expression.expressions)
    606
    607            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    608                if unknown_type:
    609                    self.unsupported(
    610                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    611                    )
    612                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    613            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    615        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    616            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    617                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    618            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    620        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    621            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    622            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    623            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    625        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    626            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    627        ) -> t.List[str]:
    628            return [
    629                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    630                self.sql(limit),
    631            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    633        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    634            """
    635            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    636            so we need to remove them
    637            """
    638            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    639            schema = expression.this
    640            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    641                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    642            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    644        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    645            """
    646            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    647            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    648            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    649            """
    650            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    651            if len(tables) > 1:
    652                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    653
    654            table = tables[0]
    655            expression.set("this", table)
    656            expression.set("tables", None)
    657
    658            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    659                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    660                if table_alias:
    661                    table_alias.pop()
    662                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    663
    664            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str: View Source

    666        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    667            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    668
    669            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    670            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    671            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    672                return self.func(
    673                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    674                )
    675
    676            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    677
    678            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    679            segments = []
    680            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    681                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    682                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    683                    self.unsupported(
    684                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    685                    )
    686                    continue
    687                key = path_key.this
    688                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    689                    key = f'"{key}"'
    690                segments.append(f".{key}")
    691
    692            expr = "".join(segments)
    693
    694            return f"{this}{expr}"

def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str: View Source

    696        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    697            return self.func(
    698                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    699                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    700                expression.args.get("separator"),
    701            )

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  safedivide_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  ceil_floor
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  whens_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  uniquekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonextractquote_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql
  median_sql
  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql
  attach_sql
  detach_sql
  attachoption_sql
  featuresattime_sql
  watermarkcolumnconstraint_sql
  encodeproperty_sql
  includeproperty_sql
  xmlelement_sql
  partitionbyrangeproperty_sql
  partitionbyrangepropertydynamic_sql
  unpivotcolumns_sql
  analyzesample_sql
  analyzestatistics_sql
  analyzehistogram_sql
  analyzedelete_sql
  analyzelistchainedrows_sql
  analyzevalidate_sql
  analyze_sql
  xmltable_sql
  xmlnamespace_sql