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## Expressions

Every AST node in SQLGlot is represented by a subclass of `Expression`.

This module contains the implementation of all supported `Expression` types. Additionally, it exposes a number of helper functions, which are mainly used to programmatically build SQL expressions, such as `select`.

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       1"""
       2## Expressions
       3
       4Every AST node in SQLGlot is represented by a subclass of `Expression`.
       5
       6This module contains the implementation of all supported `Expression` types. Additionally,
       7it exposes a number of helper functions, which are mainly used to programmatically build
       8SQL expressions, such as `sqlglot.expressions.select`.
       9
      10----
      11"""
      12
      13from __future__ import annotations
      14
      15import datetime
      16import math
      17import numbers
      18import re
      19import textwrap
      20import typing as t
      21from collections import deque
      22from copy import deepcopy
      23from enum import auto
      24from functools import reduce
      25
      26from sqlglot.errors import ErrorLevel, ParseError
      27from sqlglot.helper import (
      28    AutoName,
      29    camel_to_snake_case,
      30    ensure_collection,
      31    ensure_list,
      32    is_int,
      33    seq_get,
      34    subclasses,
      35)
      36from sqlglot.tokens import Token
      37
      38if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      39    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
      40    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import DialectType
      41
      42    Q = t.TypeVar("Q", bound="Query")
      43
      44
      45class _Expression(type):
      46    def __new__(cls, clsname, bases, attrs):
      47        klass = super().__new__(cls, clsname, bases, attrs)
      48
      49        # When an Expression class is created, its key is automatically set to be
      50        # the lowercase version of the class' name.
      51        klass.key = clsname.lower()
      52
      53        # This is so that docstrings are not inherited in pdoc
      54        klass.__doc__ = klass.__doc__ or ""
      55
      56        return klass
      57
      58
      59SQLGLOT_META = "sqlglot.meta"
      60TABLE_PARTS = ("this", "db", "catalog")
      61COLUMN_PARTS = ("this", "table", "db", "catalog")
      62
      63
      64class Expression(metaclass=_Expression):
      65    """
      66    The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary
      67    context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression
      68    is optional or not.
      69
      70    Attributes:
      71        key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing
      72            and representing expressions as strings.
      73        arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps
      74            arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
      75        parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
      76        arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression
      77            uses to refer to it.
      78        index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
      79        comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in
      80            order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
      81        type: the `sqlglot.expressions.DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the
      82            optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
      83        meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.
      84
      85    Example:
      86        >>> class Foo(Expression):
      87        ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
      88
      89        The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called
      90        "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".
      91
      92    Args:
      93        args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.
      94    """
      95
      96    key = "expression"
      97    arg_types = {"this": True}
      98    __slots__ = ("args", "parent", "arg_key", "index", "comments", "_type", "_meta", "_hash")
      99
     100    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
     101        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
     102        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
     103        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
     104        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
     105        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
     106        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
     107        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
     108        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
     109
     110        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
     111            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     112
     113    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
     114        return type(self) is type(other) and hash(self) == hash(other)
     115
     116    @property
     117    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
     118        return frozenset(
     119            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
     120            for k, v in self.args.items()
     121            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
     122        )
     123
     124    def __hash__(self) -> int:
     125        if self._hash is not None:
     126            return self._hash
     127
     128        return hash((self.__class__, self.hashable_args))
     129
     130    @property
     131    def this(self) -> t.Any:
     132        """
     133        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
     134        """
     135        return self.args.get("this")
     136
     137    @property
     138    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
     139        """
     140        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
     141        """
     142        return self.args.get("expression")
     143
     144    @property
     145    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
     146        """
     147        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
     148        """
     149        return self.args.get("expressions") or []
     150
     151    def text(self, key) -> str:
     152        """
     153        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
     154        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
     155        """
     156        field = self.args.get(key)
     157        if isinstance(field, str):
     158            return field
     159        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
     160            return field.this
     161        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
     162            return field.name
     163        return ""
     164
     165    @property
     166    def is_string(self) -> bool:
     167        """
     168        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
     169        """
     170        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]
     171
     172    @property
     173    def is_number(self) -> bool:
     174        """
     175        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
     176        """
     177        return isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]
     178
     179    @property
     180    def is_negative(self) -> bool:
     181        """
     182        Checks whether an expression is negative.
     183
     184        Handles both exp.Neg and Literal numbers with "-" which come from optimizer.simplify.
     185        """
     186        return isinstance(self, Neg) or (self.is_number and self.this.startswith("-"))
     187
     188    @property
     189    def is_int(self) -> bool:
     190        """
     191        Checks whether a Literal expression is an integer.
     192        """
     193        return self.is_number and is_int(self.name)
     194
     195    @property
     196    def is_star(self) -> bool:
     197        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
     198        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))
     199
     200    @property
     201    def alias(self) -> str:
     202        """
     203        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
     204        """
     205        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
     206            return self.args["alias"].name
     207        return self.text("alias")
     208
     209    @property
     210    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
     211        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
     212        if not table_alias:
     213            return []
     214        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]
     215
     216    @property
     217    def name(self) -> str:
     218        return self.text("this")
     219
     220    @property
     221    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
     222        return self.alias or self.name
     223
     224    @property
     225    def output_name(self) -> str:
     226        """
     227        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
     228
     229        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
     230
     231        Example:
     232            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     233            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
     234            'a'
     235            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
     236            'c'
     237            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
     238            ''
     239        """
     240        return ""
     241
     242    @property
     243    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
     244        return self._type
     245
     246    @type.setter
     247    def type(self, dtype: t.Optional[DataType | DataType.Type | str]) -> None:
     248        if dtype and not isinstance(dtype, DataType):
     249            dtype = DataType.build(dtype)
     250        self._type = dtype  # type: ignore
     251
     252    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
     253        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)
     254
     255    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
     256        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())
     257
     258    @property
     259    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
     260        if self._meta is None:
     261            self._meta = {}
     262        return self._meta
     263
     264    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
     265        root = self.__class__()
     266        stack = [(self, root)]
     267
     268        while stack:
     269            node, copy = stack.pop()
     270
     271            if node.comments is not None:
     272                copy.comments = deepcopy(node.comments)
     273            if node._type is not None:
     274                copy._type = deepcopy(node._type)
     275            if node._meta is not None:
     276                copy._meta = deepcopy(node._meta)
     277            if node._hash is not None:
     278                copy._hash = node._hash
     279
     280            for k, vs in node.args.items():
     281                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     282                    stack.append((vs, vs.__class__()))
     283                    copy.set(k, stack[-1][-1])
     284                elif type(vs) is list:
     285                    copy.args[k] = []
     286
     287                    for v in vs:
     288                        if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     289                            stack.append((v, v.__class__()))
     290                            copy.append(k, stack[-1][-1])
     291                        else:
     292                            copy.append(k, v)
     293                else:
     294                    copy.args[k] = vs
     295
     296        return root
     297
     298    def copy(self):
     299        """
     300        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
     301        """
     302        return deepcopy(self)
     303
     304    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None) -> None:
     305        if self.comments is None:
     306            self.comments = []
     307
     308        if comments:
     309            for comment in comments:
     310                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
     311                if meta:
     312                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
     313                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
     314                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
     315                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
     316                self.comments.append(comment)
     317
     318    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
     319        comments = self.comments or []
     320        self.comments = None
     321        return comments
     322
     323    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
     324        """
     325        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
     326
     327        Args:
     328            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
     329            value (Any): value to append to the list
     330        """
     331        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
     332            self.args[arg_key] = []
     333        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     334        values = self.args[arg_key]
     335        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     336            value.index = len(values)
     337        values.append(value)
     338
     339    def set(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
     340        """
     341        Sets arg_key to value.
     342
     343        Args:
     344            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
     345            value: value to set the arg to.
     346            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
     347        """
     348        if index is not None:
     349            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
     350
     351            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
     352                return
     353            if value is None:
     354                expressions.pop(index)
     355                for v in expressions[index:]:
     356                    v.index = v.index - 1
     357                return
     358
     359            if isinstance(value, list):
     360                expressions.pop(index)
     361                expressions[index:index] = value
     362            else:
     363                expressions[index] = value
     364
     365            value = expressions
     366        elif value is None:
     367            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
     368            return
     369
     370        self.args[arg_key] = value
     371        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)
     372
     373    def _set_parent(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
     374        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     375            value.parent = self
     376            value.arg_key = arg_key
     377            value.index = index
     378        elif type(value) is list:
     379            for index, v in enumerate(value):
     380                if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     381                    v.parent = self
     382                    v.arg_key = arg_key
     383                    v.index = index
     384
     385    @property
     386    def depth(self) -> int:
     387        """
     388        Returns the depth of this tree.
     389        """
     390        if self.parent:
     391            return self.parent.depth + 1
     392        return 0
     393
     394    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     395        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
     396        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
     397        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():
     398            if type(vs) is list:
     399                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:
     400                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     401                        yield v
     402            else:
     403                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     404                    yield vs
     405
     406    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
     407        """
     408        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
     409        the specified types.
     410
     411        Args:
     412            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     413            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     414
     415        Returns:
     416            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
     417        """
     418        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)
     419
     420    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
     421        """
     422        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
     423        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
     424
     425        Args:
     426            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     427            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     428
     429        Returns:
     430            The generator object.
     431        """
     432        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
     433            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
     434                yield expression
     435
     436    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
     437        """
     438        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
     439
     440        Args:
     441            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     442
     443        Returns:
     444            The parent node.
     445        """
     446        ancestor = self.parent
     447        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
     448            ancestor = ancestor.parent
     449        return ancestor  # type: ignore
     450
     451    @property
     452    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
     453        """
     454        Returns the parent select statement.
     455        """
     456        return self.find_ancestor(Select)
     457
     458    @property
     459    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
     460        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
     461        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__
     462
     463    def root(self) -> Expression:
     464        """
     465        Returns the root expression of this tree.
     466        """
     467        expression = self
     468        while expression.parent:
     469            expression = expression.parent
     470        return expression
     471
     472    def walk(
     473        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     474    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     475        """
     476        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
     477
     478        Args:
     479            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
     480                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
     481            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
     482                this branch of the tree.
     483
     484        Returns:
     485            the generator object.
     486        """
     487        if bfs:
     488            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
     489        else:
     490            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)
     491
     492    def dfs(
     493        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     494    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     495        """
     496        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     497        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
     498
     499        Returns:
     500            The generator object.
     501        """
     502        stack = [self]
     503
     504        while stack:
     505            node = stack.pop()
     506
     507            yield node
     508
     509            if prune and prune(node):
     510                continue
     511
     512            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
     513                stack.append(v)
     514
     515    def bfs(
     516        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     517    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     518        """
     519        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     520        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
     521
     522        Returns:
     523            The generator object.
     524        """
     525        queue = deque([self])
     526
     527        while queue:
     528            node = queue.popleft()
     529
     530            yield node
     531
     532            if prune and prune(node):
     533                continue
     534
     535            for v in node.iter_expressions():
     536                queue.append(v)
     537
     538    def unnest(self):
     539        """
     540        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
     541        """
     542        expression = self
     543        while type(expression) is Paren:
     544            expression = expression.this
     545        return expression
     546
     547    def unalias(self):
     548        """
     549        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
     550        """
     551        if isinstance(self, Alias):
     552            return self.this
     553        return self
     554
     555    def unnest_operands(self):
     556        """
     557        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
     558        """
     559        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())
     560
     561    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
     562        """
     563        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
     564
     565        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
     566        """
     567        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
     568            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
     569                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node
     570
     571    def __str__(self) -> str:
     572        return self.sql()
     573
     574    def __repr__(self) -> str:
     575        return _to_s(self)
     576
     577    def to_s(self) -> str:
     578        """
     579        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
     580        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
     581        """
     582        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)
     583
     584    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
     585        """
     586        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
     587
     588        Args:
     589            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
     590            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
     591
     592        Returns:
     593            The SQL string.
     594        """
     595        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
     596
     597        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)
     598
     599    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
     600        """
     601        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
     602        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
     603
     604        Args:
     605            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
     606                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
     607                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
     608            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
     609                modified in place.
     610
     611        Returns:
     612            The transformed tree.
     613        """
     614        root = None
     615        new_node = None
     616
     617        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
     618            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
     619            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
     620
     621            if not root:
     622                root = new_node
     623            elif new_node is not node:
     624                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
     625
     626        assert root
     627        return root.assert_is(Expression)
     628
     629    @t.overload
     630    def replace(self, expression: E) -> E: ...
     631
     632    @t.overload
     633    def replace(self, expression: None) -> None: ...
     634
     635    def replace(self, expression):
     636        """
     637        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
     638
     639        For example::
     640
     641            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
     642            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
     643            Column(
     644              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
     645            >>> tree.sql()
     646            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
     647
     648        Args:
     649            expression: new node
     650
     651        Returns:
     652            The new expression or expressions.
     653        """
     654        parent = self.parent
     655
     656        if not parent or parent is expression:
     657            return expression
     658
     659        key = self.arg_key
     660        value = parent.args.get(key)
     661
     662        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
     663            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
     664            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
     665            value.parent.replace(expression)
     666        else:
     667            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
     668
     669        if expression is not self:
     670            self.parent = None
     671            self.arg_key = None
     672            self.index = None
     673
     674        return expression
     675
     676    def pop(self: E) -> E:
     677        """
     678        Remove this expression from its AST.
     679
     680        Returns:
     681            The popped expression.
     682        """
     683        self.replace(None)
     684        return self
     685
     686    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
     687        """
     688        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
     689
     690        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
     691        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
     692
     693        Examples:
     694            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
     695
     696            >>> import sqlglot
     697            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
     698            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
     699        """
     700        if not isinstance(self, type_):
     701            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
     702        return self
     703
     704    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
     705        """
     706        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
     707
     708        Args:
     709            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
     710                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
     711
     712        Returns:
     713            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
     714        """
     715        errors: t.List[str] = []
     716
     717        for k in self.args:
     718            if k not in self.arg_types:
     719                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
     720        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
     721            v = self.args.get(k)
     722            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
     723                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
     724
     725        if (
     726            args
     727            and isinstance(self, Func)
     728            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
     729            and not self.is_var_len_args
     730        ):
     731            errors.append(
     732                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
     733                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
     734            )
     735
     736        return errors
     737
     738    def dump(self):
     739        """
     740        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
     741        """
     742        from sqlglot.serde import dump
     743
     744        return dump(self)
     745
     746    @classmethod
     747    def load(cls, obj):
     748        """
     749        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
     750        """
     751        from sqlglot.serde import load
     752
     753        return load(obj)
     754
     755    def and_(
     756        self,
     757        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     758        dialect: DialectType = None,
     759        copy: bool = True,
     760        **opts,
     761    ) -> Condition:
     762        """
     763        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     764
     765        Example:
     766            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
     767            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
     768
     769        Args:
     770            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     771                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     772            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     773            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     774            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     775
     776        Returns:
     777            The new And condition.
     778        """
     779        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     780
     781    def or_(
     782        self,
     783        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     784        dialect: DialectType = None,
     785        copy: bool = True,
     786        **opts,
     787    ) -> Condition:
     788        """
     789        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     790
     791        Example:
     792            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
     793            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
     794
     795        Args:
     796            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     797                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     798            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     799            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     800            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     801
     802        Returns:
     803            The new Or condition.
     804        """
     805        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     806
     807    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
     808        """
     809        Wrap this condition with NOT.
     810
     811        Example:
     812            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
     813            'NOT x = 1'
     814
     815        Args:
     816            copy: whether to copy this object.
     817
     818        Returns:
     819            The new Not instance.
     820        """
     821        return not_(self, copy=copy)
     822
     823    def as_(
     824        self,
     825        alias: str | Identifier,
     826        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
     827        dialect: DialectType = None,
     828        copy: bool = True,
     829        **opts,
     830    ) -> Alias:
     831        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     832
     833    def _binop(self, klass: t.Type[E], other: t.Any, reverse: bool = False) -> E:
     834        this = self.copy()
     835        other = convert(other, copy=True)
     836        if not isinstance(this, klass) and not isinstance(other, klass):
     837            this = _wrap(this, Binary)
     838            other = _wrap(other, Binary)
     839        if reverse:
     840            return klass(this=other, expression=this)
     841        return klass(this=this, expression=other)
     842
     843    def __getitem__(self, other: ExpOrStr | t.Tuple[ExpOrStr]) -> Bracket:
     844        return Bracket(
     845            this=self.copy(), expressions=[convert(e, copy=True) for e in ensure_list(other)]
     846        )
     847
     848    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator:
     849        if "expressions" in self.arg_types:
     850            return iter(self.args.get("expressions") or [])
     851        # We define this because __getitem__ converts Expression into an iterable, which is
     852        # problematic because one can hit infinite loops if they do "for x in some_expr: ..."
     853        # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0234/
     854        raise TypeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object is not iterable")
     855
     856    def isin(
     857        self,
     858        *expressions: t.Any,
     859        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
     860        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
     861        copy: bool = True,
     862        **opts,
     863    ) -> In:
     864        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
     865        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
     866            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
     867
     868        return In(
     869            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     870            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
     871            query=subquery,
     872            unnest=(
     873                Unnest(
     874                    expressions=[
     875                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
     876                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
     877                    ]
     878                )
     879                if unnest
     880                else None
     881            ),
     882        )
     883
     884    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
     885        return Between(
     886            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     887            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
     888            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
     889        )
     890
     891    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
     892        return self._binop(Is, other)
     893
     894    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
     895        return self._binop(Like, other)
     896
     897    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
     898        return self._binop(ILike, other)
     899
     900    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
     901        return self._binop(EQ, other)
     902
     903    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
     904        return self._binop(NEQ, other)
     905
     906    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
     907        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)
     908
     909    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
     910        div = self._binop(Div, other)
     911        div.args["typed"] = typed
     912        div.args["safe"] = safe
     913        return div
     914
     915    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
     916        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)
     917
     918    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
     919        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)
     920
     921    def __lt__(self, other: t.Any) -> LT:
     922        return self._binop(LT, other)
     923
     924    def __le__(self, other: t.Any) -> LTE:
     925        return self._binop(LTE, other)
     926
     927    def __gt__(self, other: t.Any) -> GT:
     928        return self._binop(GT, other)
     929
     930    def __ge__(self, other: t.Any) -> GTE:
     931        return self._binop(GTE, other)
     932
     933    def __add__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     934        return self._binop(Add, other)
     935
     936    def __radd__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     937        return self._binop(Add, other, reverse=True)
     938
     939    def __sub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     940        return self._binop(Sub, other)
     941
     942    def __rsub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     943        return self._binop(Sub, other, reverse=True)
     944
     945    def __mul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     946        return self._binop(Mul, other)
     947
     948    def __rmul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     949        return self._binop(Mul, other, reverse=True)
     950
     951    def __truediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     952        return self._binop(Div, other)
     953
     954    def __rtruediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     955        return self._binop(Div, other, reverse=True)
     956
     957    def __floordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     958        return self._binop(IntDiv, other)
     959
     960    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     961        return self._binop(IntDiv, other, reverse=True)
     962
     963    def __mod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     964        return self._binop(Mod, other)
     965
     966    def __rmod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     967        return self._binop(Mod, other, reverse=True)
     968
     969    def __pow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     970        return self._binop(Pow, other)
     971
     972    def __rpow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     973        return self._binop(Pow, other, reverse=True)
     974
     975    def __and__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
     976        return self._binop(And, other)
     977
     978    def __rand__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
     979        return self._binop(And, other, reverse=True)
     980
     981    def __or__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
     982        return self._binop(Or, other)
     983
     984    def __ror__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
     985        return self._binop(Or, other, reverse=True)
     986
     987    def __neg__(self) -> Neg:
     988        return Neg(this=_wrap(self.copy(), Binary))
     989
     990    def __invert__(self) -> Not:
     991        return not_(self.copy())
     992
     993
     994IntoType = t.Union[
     995    str,
     996    t.Type[Expression],
     997    t.Collection[t.Union[str, t.Type[Expression]]],
     998]
     999ExpOrStr = t.Union[str, Expression]
    1000
    1001
    1002class Condition(Expression):
    1003    """Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x"""
    1004
    1005
    1006class Predicate(Condition):
    1007    """Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y."""
    1008
    1009
    1010class DerivedTable(Expression):
    1011    @property
    1012    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1013        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []
    1014
    1015    @property
    1016    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1017        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]
    1018
    1019
    1020class Query(Expression):
    1021    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1022        """
    1023        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1024
    1025        Example:
    1026            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1027            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1028            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1029
    1030        Args:
    1031            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1032            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1033        """
    1034        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1035        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1036            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1037
    1038        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)
    1039
    1040    def limit(
    1041        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1042    ) -> Q:
    1043        """
    1044        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1045
    1046        Example:
    1047            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1048            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1049
    1050        Args:
    1051            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1052                This can also be an integer.
    1053                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1054                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1055            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1056            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1057            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1058
    1059        Returns:
    1060            A limited Select expression.
    1061        """
    1062        return _apply_builder(
    1063            expression=expression,
    1064            instance=self,
    1065            arg="limit",
    1066            into=Limit,
    1067            prefix="LIMIT",
    1068            dialect=dialect,
    1069            copy=copy,
    1070            into_arg="expression",
    1071            **opts,
    1072        )
    1073
    1074    def offset(
    1075        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1076    ) -> Q:
    1077        """
    1078        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1079
    1080        Example:
    1081            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1082            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1083
    1084        Args:
    1085            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1086                This can also be an integer.
    1087                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1088                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1089            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1090            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1091            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1092
    1093        Returns:
    1094            The modified Select expression.
    1095        """
    1096        return _apply_builder(
    1097            expression=expression,
    1098            instance=self,
    1099            arg="offset",
    1100            into=Offset,
    1101            prefix="OFFSET",
    1102            dialect=dialect,
    1103            copy=copy,
    1104            into_arg="expression",
    1105            **opts,
    1106        )
    1107
    1108    def order_by(
    1109        self: Q,
    1110        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1111        append: bool = True,
    1112        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1113        copy: bool = True,
    1114        **opts,
    1115    ) -> Q:
    1116        """
    1117        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1118
    1119        Example:
    1120            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1121            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1122
    1123        Args:
    1124            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1125                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1126                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1127            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1128                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1129            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1130            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1131            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1132
    1133        Returns:
    1134            The modified Select expression.
    1135        """
    1136        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1137            *expressions,
    1138            instance=self,
    1139            arg="order",
    1140            append=append,
    1141            copy=copy,
    1142            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1143            into=Order,
    1144            dialect=dialect,
    1145            **opts,
    1146        )
    1147
    1148    @property
    1149    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1150        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1151        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1152        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1153
    1154    @property
    1155    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1156        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1157        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")
    1158
    1159    @property
    1160    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1161        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1162        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")
    1163
    1164    def select(
    1165        self: Q,
    1166        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1167        append: bool = True,
    1168        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1169        copy: bool = True,
    1170        **opts,
    1171    ) -> Q:
    1172        """
    1173        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1174
    1175        Example:
    1176            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1177            'SELECT x, y'
    1178
    1179        Args:
    1180            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1181                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1182            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1183                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1184            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1185            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1186            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1187
    1188        Returns:
    1189            The modified Query expression.
    1190        """
    1191        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")
    1192
    1193    def with_(
    1194        self: Q,
    1195        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1196        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1197        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1198        append: bool = True,
    1199        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1200        copy: bool = True,
    1201        **opts,
    1202    ) -> Q:
    1203        """
    1204        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1205
    1206        Example:
    1207            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1208            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1209
    1210        Args:
    1211            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1212                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1213            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1214                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1215            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1216            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1217                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1218            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1219            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1220            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1221
    1222        Returns:
    1223            The modified expression.
    1224        """
    1225        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1226            self, alias, as_, recursive=recursive, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    1227        )
    1228
    1229    def union(
    1230        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1231    ) -> Union:
    1232        """
    1233        Builds a UNION expression.
    1234
    1235        Example:
    1236            >>> import sqlglot
    1237            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1238            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1239
    1240        Args:
    1241            expression: the SQL code string.
    1242                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1243            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1244            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1245            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1246
    1247        Returns:
    1248            The new Union expression.
    1249        """
    1250        return union(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1251
    1252    def intersect(
    1253        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1254    ) -> Intersect:
    1255        """
    1256        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1257
    1258        Example:
    1259            >>> import sqlglot
    1260            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1261            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1262
    1263        Args:
    1264            expression: the SQL code string.
    1265                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1266            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1267            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1268            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1269
    1270        Returns:
    1271            The new Intersect expression.
    1272        """
    1273        return intersect(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1274
    1275    def except_(
    1276        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1277    ) -> Except:
    1278        """
    1279        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1280
    1281        Example:
    1282            >>> import sqlglot
    1283            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1284            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1285
    1286        Args:
    1287            expression: the SQL code string.
    1288                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1289            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1290            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1291            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1292
    1293        Returns:
    1294            The new Except expression.
    1295        """
    1296        return except_(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1297
    1298
    1299class UDTF(DerivedTable):
    1300    @property
    1301    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1302        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1303        return alias.columns if alias else []
    1304
    1305
    1306class Cache(Expression):
    1307    arg_types = {
    1308        "this": True,
    1309        "lazy": False,
    1310        "options": False,
    1311        "expression": False,
    1312    }
    1313
    1314
    1315class Uncache(Expression):
    1316    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False}
    1317
    1318
    1319class Refresh(Expression):
    1320    pass
    1321
    1322
    1323class DDL(Expression):
    1324    @property
    1325    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1326        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1327        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1328        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1329
    1330    @property
    1331    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1332        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1333        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1334
    1335    @property
    1336    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1337        """
    1338        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1339        names of the query's projections.
    1340        """
    1341        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1342
    1343
    1344class DML(Expression):
    1345    def returning(
    1346        self,
    1347        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1348        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1349        copy: bool = True,
    1350        **opts,
    1351    ) -> DML:
    1352        """
    1353        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1354
    1355        Example:
    1356            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1357            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1358
    1359        Args:
    1360            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1361                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1362            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1363            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1364            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1365
    1366        Returns:
    1367            Delete: the modified expression.
    1368        """
    1369        return _apply_builder(
    1370            expression=expression,
    1371            instance=self,
    1372            arg="returning",
    1373            prefix="RETURNING",
    1374            dialect=dialect,
    1375            copy=copy,
    1376            into=Returning,
    1377            **opts,
    1378        )
    1379
    1380
    1381class Create(DDL):
    1382    arg_types = {
    1383        "with": False,
    1384        "this": True,
    1385        "kind": True,
    1386        "expression": False,
    1387        "exists": False,
    1388        "properties": False,
    1389        "replace": False,
    1390        "unique": False,
    1391        "indexes": False,
    1392        "no_schema_binding": False,
    1393        "begin": False,
    1394        "end": False,
    1395        "clone": False,
    1396    }
    1397
    1398    @property
    1399    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1400        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1401        return kind and kind.upper()
    1402
    1403
    1404class SequenceProperties(Expression):
    1405    arg_types = {
    1406        "increment": False,
    1407        "minvalue": False,
    1408        "maxvalue": False,
    1409        "cache": False,
    1410        "start": False,
    1411        "owned": False,
    1412        "options": False,
    1413    }
    1414
    1415
    1416class TruncateTable(Expression):
    1417    arg_types = {
    1418        "expressions": True,
    1419        "is_database": False,
    1420        "exists": False,
    1421        "only": False,
    1422        "cluster": False,
    1423        "identity": False,
    1424        "option": False,
    1425        "partition": False,
    1426    }
    1427
    1428
    1429# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-clone
    1430# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_table_clone_statement
    1431# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_table_copy
    1432class Clone(Expression):
    1433    arg_types = {"this": True, "shallow": False, "copy": False}
    1434
    1435
    1436class Describe(Expression):
    1437    arg_types = {"this": True, "style": False, "kind": False, "expressions": False}
    1438
    1439
    1440class Kill(Expression):
    1441    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    1442
    1443
    1444class Pragma(Expression):
    1445    pass
    1446
    1447
    1448class Declare(Expression):
    1449    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    1450
    1451
    1452class DeclareItem(Expression):
    1453    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "default": False}
    1454
    1455
    1456class Set(Expression):
    1457    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "unset": False, "tag": False}
    1458
    1459
    1460class Heredoc(Expression):
    1461    arg_types = {"this": True, "tag": False}
    1462
    1463
    1464class SetItem(Expression):
    1465    arg_types = {
    1466        "this": False,
    1467        "expressions": False,
    1468        "kind": False,
    1469        "collate": False,  # MySQL SET NAMES statement
    1470        "global": False,
    1471    }
    1472
    1473
    1474class Show(Expression):
    1475    arg_types = {
    1476        "this": True,
    1477        "history": False,
    1478        "terse": False,
    1479        "target": False,
    1480        "offset": False,
    1481        "starts_with": False,
    1482        "limit": False,
    1483        "from": False,
    1484        "like": False,
    1485        "where": False,
    1486        "db": False,
    1487        "scope": False,
    1488        "scope_kind": False,
    1489        "full": False,
    1490        "mutex": False,
    1491        "query": False,
    1492        "channel": False,
    1493        "global": False,
    1494        "log": False,
    1495        "position": False,
    1496        "types": False,
    1497    }
    1498
    1499
    1500class UserDefinedFunction(Expression):
    1501    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "wrapped": False}
    1502
    1503
    1504class CharacterSet(Expression):
    1505    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}
    1506
    1507
    1508class With(Expression):
    1509    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "recursive": False}
    1510
    1511    @property
    1512    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1513        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))
    1514
    1515
    1516class WithinGroup(Expression):
    1517    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    1518
    1519
    1520# clickhouse supports scalar ctes
    1521# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/with
    1522class CTE(DerivedTable):
    1523    arg_types = {
    1524        "this": True,
    1525        "alias": True,
    1526        "scalar": False,
    1527        "materialized": False,
    1528    }
    1529
    1530
    1531class ProjectionDef(Expression):
    1532    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    1533
    1534
    1535class TableAlias(Expression):
    1536    arg_types = {"this": False, "columns": False}
    1537
    1538    @property
    1539    def columns(self):
    1540        return self.args.get("columns") or []
    1541
    1542
    1543class BitString(Condition):
    1544    pass
    1545
    1546
    1547class HexString(Condition):
    1548    pass
    1549
    1550
    1551class ByteString(Condition):
    1552    pass
    1553
    1554
    1555class RawString(Condition):
    1556    pass
    1557
    1558
    1559class UnicodeString(Condition):
    1560    arg_types = {"this": True, "escape": False}
    1561
    1562
    1563class Column(Condition):
    1564    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False, "db": False, "catalog": False, "join_mark": False}
    1565
    1566    @property
    1567    def table(self) -> str:
    1568        return self.text("table")
    1569
    1570    @property
    1571    def db(self) -> str:
    1572        return self.text("db")
    1573
    1574    @property
    1575    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1576        return self.text("catalog")
    1577
    1578    @property
    1579    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1580        return self.name
    1581
    1582    @property
    1583    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1584        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1585        return [
    1586            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1587            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1588            if self.args.get(part)
    1589        ]
    1590
    1591    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1592        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1593        parts = self.parts
    1594        parent = self.parent
    1595
    1596        while parent:
    1597            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1598                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1599            parent = parent.parent
    1600
    1601        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]
    1602
    1603
    1604class ColumnPosition(Expression):
    1605    arg_types = {"this": False, "position": True}
    1606
    1607
    1608class ColumnDef(Expression):
    1609    arg_types = {
    1610        "this": True,
    1611        "kind": False,
    1612        "constraints": False,
    1613        "exists": False,
    1614        "position": False,
    1615    }
    1616
    1617    @property
    1618    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1619        return self.args.get("constraints") or []
    1620
    1621    @property
    1622    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1623        return self.args.get("kind")
    1624
    1625
    1626class AlterColumn(Expression):
    1627    arg_types = {
    1628        "this": True,
    1629        "dtype": False,
    1630        "collate": False,
    1631        "using": False,
    1632        "default": False,
    1633        "drop": False,
    1634        "comment": False,
    1635        "allow_null": False,
    1636    }
    1637
    1638
    1639# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_ALTER_TABLE.html
    1640class AlterDistStyle(Expression):
    1641    pass
    1642
    1643
    1644class AlterSortKey(Expression):
    1645    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "compound": False}
    1646
    1647
    1648class AlterSet(Expression):
    1649    arg_types = {
    1650        "expressions": False,
    1651        "option": False,
    1652        "tablespace": False,
    1653        "access_method": False,
    1654        "file_format": False,
    1655        "copy_options": False,
    1656        "tag": False,
    1657        "location": False,
    1658        "serde": False,
    1659    }
    1660
    1661
    1662class RenameColumn(Expression):
    1663    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True, "exists": False}
    1664
    1665
    1666class RenameTable(Expression):
    1667    pass
    1668
    1669
    1670class SwapTable(Expression):
    1671    pass
    1672
    1673
    1674class Comment(Expression):
    1675    arg_types = {
    1676        "this": True,
    1677        "kind": True,
    1678        "expression": True,
    1679        "exists": False,
    1680        "materialized": False,
    1681    }
    1682
    1683
    1684class Comprehension(Expression):
    1685    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "iterator": True, "condition": False}
    1686
    1687
    1688# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree#mergetree-table-ttl
    1689class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression):
    1690    arg_types = {
    1691        "this": True,
    1692        "delete": False,
    1693        "recompress": False,
    1694        "to_disk": False,
    1695        "to_volume": False,
    1696    }
    1697
    1698
    1699# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree#mergetree-table-ttl
    1700class MergeTreeTTL(Expression):
    1701    arg_types = {
    1702        "expressions": True,
    1703        "where": False,
    1704        "group": False,
    1705        "aggregates": False,
    1706    }
    1707
    1708
    1709# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
    1710class IndexConstraintOption(Expression):
    1711    arg_types = {
    1712        "key_block_size": False,
    1713        "using": False,
    1714        "parser": False,
    1715        "comment": False,
    1716        "visible": False,
    1717        "engine_attr": False,
    1718        "secondary_engine_attr": False,
    1719    }
    1720
    1721
    1722class ColumnConstraint(Expression):
    1723    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": True}
    1724
    1725    @property
    1726    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1727        return self.args["kind"]
    1728
    1729
    1730class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression):
    1731    pass
    1732
    1733
    1734class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1735    pass
    1736
    1737
    1738class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1739    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    1740
    1741
    1742class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1743    arg_types = {"not_": True}
    1744
    1745
    1746class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1747    arg_types = {"this": True}
    1748
    1749
    1750class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1751    arg_types = {"this": True, "enforced": False}
    1752
    1753
    1754class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1755    pass
    1756
    1757
    1758class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1759    pass
    1760
    1761
    1762class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1763    pass
    1764
    1765
    1766class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1767    pass
    1768
    1769
    1770class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1771    arg_types = {"this": True}
    1772
    1773
    1774class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1775    pass
    1776
    1777
    1778class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1779    pass
    1780
    1781
    1782# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE
    1783class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1784    pass
    1785
    1786
    1787class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1788    arg_types = {"this": False}
    1789
    1790
    1791class WithOperator(Expression):
    1792    arg_types = {"this": True, "op": True}
    1793
    1794
    1795class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1796    # this: True -> ALWAYS, this: False -> BY DEFAULT
    1797    arg_types = {
    1798        "this": False,
    1799        "expression": False,
    1800        "on_null": False,
    1801        "start": False,
    1802        "increment": False,
    1803        "minvalue": False,
    1804        "maxvalue": False,
    1805        "cycle": False,
    1806    }
    1807
    1808
    1809class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1810    arg_types = {"start": False, "hidden": False}
    1811
    1812
    1813# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
    1814# https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/src/Parsers/ParserCreateQuery.h#L646
    1815class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1816    arg_types = {
    1817        "this": False,
    1818        "expressions": False,
    1819        "kind": False,
    1820        "index_type": False,
    1821        "options": False,
    1822        "expression": False,  # Clickhouse
    1823        "granularity": False,
    1824    }
    1825
    1826
    1827class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1828    pass
    1829
    1830
    1831class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1832    pass
    1833
    1834
    1835class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1836    arg_types = {}
    1837
    1838
    1839# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    1840class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1841    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    1842
    1843
    1844class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1845    arg_types = {"allow_null": False}
    1846
    1847
    1848# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/timestamp-initialization.html
    1849class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1850    pass
    1851
    1852
    1853# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    1854class TagColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1855    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    1856
    1857
    1858# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-external-table#optional-parameters
    1859class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1860    pass
    1861
    1862
    1863class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1864    arg_types = {"desc": False}
    1865
    1866
    1867class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1868    pass
    1869
    1870
    1871class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1872    arg_types = {"this": False, "index_type": False, "on_conflict": False}
    1873
    1874
    1875class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1876    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    1877
    1878
    1879class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1880    pass
    1881
    1882
    1883# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    1884class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1885    pass
    1886
    1887
    1888# computed column expression
    1889# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-table-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    1890class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1891    arg_types = {"this": True, "persisted": False, "not_null": False}
    1892
    1893
    1894class Constraint(Expression):
    1895    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    1896
    1897
    1898class Delete(DML):
    1899    arg_types = {
    1900        "with": False,
    1901        "this": False,
    1902        "using": False,
    1903        "where": False,
    1904        "returning": False,
    1905        "limit": False,
    1906        "tables": False,  # Multiple-Table Syntax (MySQL)
    1907    }
    1908
    1909    def delete(
    1910        self,
    1911        table: ExpOrStr,
    1912        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1913        copy: bool = True,
    1914        **opts,
    1915    ) -> Delete:
    1916        """
    1917        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1918
    1919        Example:
    1920            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1921            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1922
    1923        Args:
    1924            table: the table from which to delete.
    1925            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1926            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1927            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1928
    1929        Returns:
    1930            Delete: the modified expression.
    1931        """
    1932        return _apply_builder(
    1933            expression=table,
    1934            instance=self,
    1935            arg="this",
    1936            dialect=dialect,
    1937            into=Table,
    1938            copy=copy,
    1939            **opts,
    1940        )
    1941
    1942    def where(
    1943        self,
    1944        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1945        append: bool = True,
    1946        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1947        copy: bool = True,
    1948        **opts,
    1949    ) -> Delete:
    1950        """
    1951        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    1952
    1953        Example:
    1954            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    1955            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    1956
    1957        Args:
    1958            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1959                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1960                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    1961            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    1962                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    1963            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1964            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1965            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1966
    1967        Returns:
    1968            Delete: the modified expression.
    1969        """
    1970        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    1971            *expressions,
    1972            instance=self,
    1973            arg="where",
    1974            append=append,
    1975            into=Where,
    1976            dialect=dialect,
    1977            copy=copy,
    1978            **opts,
    1979        )
    1980
    1981
    1982class Drop(Expression):
    1983    arg_types = {
    1984        "this": False,
    1985        "kind": False,
    1986        "expressions": False,
    1987        "exists": False,
    1988        "temporary": False,
    1989        "materialized": False,
    1990        "cascade": False,
    1991        "constraints": False,
    1992        "purge": False,
    1993        "cluster": False,
    1994    }
    1995
    1996
    1997class Filter(Expression):
    1998    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    1999
    2000
    2001class Check(Expression):
    2002    pass
    2003
    2004
    2005# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/connect-by
    2006class Connect(Expression):
    2007    arg_types = {"start": False, "connect": True, "nocycle": False}
    2008
    2009
    2010class CopyParameter(Expression):
    2011    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    2012
    2013
    2014class Copy(Expression):
    2015    arg_types = {
    2016        "this": True,
    2017        "kind": True,
    2018        "files": True,
    2019        "credentials": False,
    2020        "format": False,
    2021        "params": False,
    2022    }
    2023
    2024
    2025class Credentials(Expression):
    2026    arg_types = {
    2027        "credentials": False,
    2028        "encryption": False,
    2029        "storage": False,
    2030        "iam_role": False,
    2031        "region": False,
    2032    }
    2033
    2034
    2035class Prior(Expression):
    2036    pass
    2037
    2038
    2039class Directory(Expression):
    2040    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-preview/sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory-hive.html
    2041    arg_types = {"this": True, "local": False, "row_format": False}
    2042
    2043
    2044class ForeignKey(Expression):
    2045    arg_types = {
    2046        "expressions": True,
    2047        "reference": False,
    2048        "delete": False,
    2049        "update": False,
    2050    }
    2051
    2052
    2053class ColumnPrefix(Expression):
    2054    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2055
    2056
    2057class PrimaryKey(Expression):
    2058    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "options": False}
    2059
    2060
    2061# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/sql-selectinto.html
    2062# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_SELECT_INTO.html#r_SELECT_INTO-examples
    2063class Into(Expression):
    2064    arg_types = {"this": True, "temporary": False, "unlogged": False}
    2065
    2066
    2067class From(Expression):
    2068    @property
    2069    def name(self) -> str:
    2070        return self.this.name
    2071
    2072    @property
    2073    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2074        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2075
    2076
    2077class Having(Expression):
    2078    pass
    2079
    2080
    2081class Hint(Expression):
    2082    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2083
    2084
    2085class JoinHint(Expression):
    2086    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    2087
    2088
    2089class Identifier(Expression):
    2090    arg_types = {"this": True, "quoted": False, "global": False, "temporary": False}
    2091
    2092    @property
    2093    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2094        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))
    2095
    2096    @property
    2097    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2098        return (self.this, self.quoted)
    2099
    2100    @property
    2101    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2102        return self.name
    2103
    2104
    2105# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-opclass.html
    2106class Opclass(Expression):
    2107    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2108
    2109
    2110class Index(Expression):
    2111    arg_types = {
    2112        "this": False,
    2113        "table": False,
    2114        "unique": False,
    2115        "primary": False,
    2116        "amp": False,  # teradata
    2117        "params": False,
    2118    }
    2119
    2120
    2121class IndexParameters(Expression):
    2122    arg_types = {
    2123        "using": False,
    2124        "include": False,
    2125        "columns": False,
    2126        "with_storage": False,
    2127        "partition_by": False,
    2128        "tablespace": False,
    2129        "where": False,
    2130    }
    2131
    2132
    2133class Insert(DDL, DML):
    2134    arg_types = {
    2135        "hint": False,
    2136        "with": False,
    2137        "is_function": False,
    2138        "this": False,
    2139        "expression": False,
    2140        "conflict": False,
    2141        "returning": False,
    2142        "overwrite": False,
    2143        "exists": False,
    2144        "alternative": False,
    2145        "where": False,
    2146        "ignore": False,
    2147        "by_name": False,
    2148        "stored": False,
    2149    }
    2150
    2151    def with_(
    2152        self,
    2153        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2154        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2155        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2156        append: bool = True,
    2157        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2158        copy: bool = True,
    2159        **opts,
    2160    ) -> Insert:
    2161        """
    2162        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2163
    2164        Example:
    2165            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2166            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2167
    2168        Args:
    2169            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2170                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2171            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2172                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2173            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2174            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2175                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2176            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2177            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2178            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2179
    2180        Returns:
    2181            The modified expression.
    2182        """
    2183        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2184            self, alias, as_, recursive=recursive, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    2185        )
    2186
    2187
    2188class OnConflict(Expression):
    2189    arg_types = {
    2190        "duplicate": False,
    2191        "expressions": False,
    2192        "action": False,
    2193        "conflict_keys": False,
    2194        "constraint": False,
    2195    }
    2196
    2197
    2198class Returning(Expression):
    2199    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "into": False}
    2200
    2201
    2202# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-introducer.html
    2203class Introducer(Expression):
    2204    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2205
    2206
    2207# national char, like n'utf8'
    2208class National(Expression):
    2209    pass
    2210
    2211
    2212class LoadData(Expression):
    2213    arg_types = {
    2214        "this": True,
    2215        "local": False,
    2216        "overwrite": False,
    2217        "inpath": True,
    2218        "partition": False,
    2219        "input_format": False,
    2220        "serde": False,
    2221    }
    2222
    2223
    2224class Partition(Expression):
    2225    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2226
    2227
    2228class PartitionRange(Expression):
    2229    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2230
    2231
    2232# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition#how-to-set-partition-expression
    2233class PartitionId(Expression):
    2234    pass
    2235
    2236
    2237class Fetch(Expression):
    2238    arg_types = {
    2239        "direction": False,
    2240        "count": False,
    2241        "percent": False,
    2242        "with_ties": False,
    2243    }
    2244
    2245
    2246class Group(Expression):
    2247    arg_types = {
    2248        "expressions": False,
    2249        "grouping_sets": False,
    2250        "cube": False,
    2251        "rollup": False,
    2252        "totals": False,
    2253        "all": False,
    2254    }
    2255
    2256
    2257class Lambda(Expression):
    2258    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    2259
    2260
    2261class Limit(Expression):
    2262    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "offset": False, "expressions": False}
    2263
    2264
    2265class Literal(Condition):
    2266    arg_types = {"this": True, "is_string": True}
    2267
    2268    @property
    2269    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2270        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))
    2271
    2272    @classmethod
    2273    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2274        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)
    2275
    2276    @classmethod
    2277    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2278        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)
    2279
    2280    @property
    2281    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2282        return self.name
    2283
    2284
    2285class Join(Expression):
    2286    arg_types = {
    2287        "this": True,
    2288        "on": False,
    2289        "side": False,
    2290        "kind": False,
    2291        "using": False,
    2292        "method": False,
    2293        "global": False,
    2294        "hint": False,
    2295        "match_condition": False,  # Snowflake
    2296    }
    2297
    2298    @property
    2299    def method(self) -> str:
    2300        return self.text("method").upper()
    2301
    2302    @property
    2303    def kind(self) -> str:
    2304        return self.text("kind").upper()
    2305
    2306    @property
    2307    def side(self) -> str:
    2308        return self.text("side").upper()
    2309
    2310    @property
    2311    def hint(self) -> str:
    2312        return self.text("hint").upper()
    2313
    2314    @property
    2315    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2316        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2317
    2318    def on(
    2319        self,
    2320        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2321        append: bool = True,
    2322        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2323        copy: bool = True,
    2324        **opts,
    2325    ) -> Join:
    2326        """
    2327        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2328
    2329        Example:
    2330            >>> import sqlglot
    2331            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2332            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2333
    2334        Args:
    2335            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2336                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2337                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2338            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2339                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2340            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2341            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2342            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2343
    2344        Returns:
    2345            The modified Join expression.
    2346        """
    2347        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2348            *expressions,
    2349            instance=self,
    2350            arg="on",
    2351            append=append,
    2352            dialect=dialect,
    2353            copy=copy,
    2354            **opts,
    2355        )
    2356
    2357        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2358            join.set("kind", None)
    2359
    2360        return join
    2361
    2362    def using(
    2363        self,
    2364        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2365        append: bool = True,
    2366        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2367        copy: bool = True,
    2368        **opts,
    2369    ) -> Join:
    2370        """
    2371        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2372
    2373        Example:
    2374            >>> import sqlglot
    2375            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2376            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2377
    2378        Args:
    2379            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2380                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2381            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2382                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2383            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2384            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2385            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2386
    2387        Returns:
    2388            The modified Join expression.
    2389        """
    2390        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2391            *expressions,
    2392            instance=self,
    2393            arg="using",
    2394            append=append,
    2395            dialect=dialect,
    2396            copy=copy,
    2397            **opts,
    2398        )
    2399
    2400        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2401            join.set("kind", None)
    2402
    2403        return join
    2404
    2405
    2406class Lateral(UDTF):
    2407    arg_types = {
    2408        "this": True,
    2409        "view": False,
    2410        "outer": False,
    2411        "alias": False,
    2412        "cross_apply": False,  # True -> CROSS APPLY, False -> OUTER APPLY
    2413    }
    2414
    2415
    2416class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression):
    2417    arg_types = {
    2418        "this": True,
    2419        "window_frame": False,
    2420    }
    2421
    2422
    2423class MatchRecognize(Expression):
    2424    arg_types = {
    2425        "partition_by": False,
    2426        "order": False,
    2427        "measures": False,
    2428        "rows": False,
    2429        "after": False,
    2430        "pattern": False,
    2431        "define": False,
    2432        "alias": False,
    2433    }
    2434
    2435
    2436# Clickhouse FROM FINAL modifier
    2437# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/from/#final-modifier
    2438class Final(Expression):
    2439    pass
    2440
    2441
    2442class Offset(Expression):
    2443    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "expressions": False}
    2444
    2445
    2446class Order(Expression):
    2447    arg_types = {
    2448        "this": False,
    2449        "expressions": True,
    2450        "interpolate": False,
    2451        "siblings": False,
    2452    }
    2453
    2454
    2455# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/order-by#order-by-expr-with-fill-modifier
    2456class WithFill(Expression):
    2457    arg_types = {"from": False, "to": False, "step": False}
    2458
    2459
    2460# hive specific sorts
    2461# https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+SortBy
    2462class Cluster(Order):
    2463    pass
    2464
    2465
    2466class Distribute(Order):
    2467    pass
    2468
    2469
    2470class Sort(Order):
    2471    pass
    2472
    2473
    2474class Ordered(Expression):
    2475    arg_types = {"this": True, "desc": False, "nulls_first": True, "with_fill": False}
    2476
    2477
    2478class Property(Expression):
    2479    arg_types = {"this": True, "value": True}
    2480
    2481
    2482class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression):
    2483    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2484
    2485
    2486class AlgorithmProperty(Property):
    2487    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2488
    2489
    2490class AutoIncrementProperty(Property):
    2491    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2492
    2493
    2494# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/materialized-views-redshift/refreshing-materialized-views.html
    2495class AutoRefreshProperty(Property):
    2496    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2497
    2498
    2499class BackupProperty(Property):
    2500    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2501
    2502
    2503class BlockCompressionProperty(Property):
    2504    arg_types = {
    2505        "autotemp": False,
    2506        "always": False,
    2507        "default": False,
    2508        "manual": False,
    2509        "never": False,
    2510    }
    2511
    2512
    2513class CharacterSetProperty(Property):
    2514    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": True}
    2515
    2516
    2517class ChecksumProperty(Property):
    2518    arg_types = {"on": False, "default": False}
    2519
    2520
    2521class CollateProperty(Property):
    2522    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}
    2523
    2524
    2525class CopyGrantsProperty(Property):
    2526    arg_types = {}
    2527
    2528
    2529class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property):
    2530    arg_types = {
    2531        "size": False,
    2532        "units": False,
    2533        "minimum": False,
    2534        "maximum": False,
    2535        "default": False,
    2536    }
    2537
    2538
    2539class DataDeletionProperty(Property):
    2540    arg_types = {"on": True, "filter_col": False, "retention_period": False}
    2541
    2542
    2543class DefinerProperty(Property):
    2544    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2545
    2546
    2547class DistKeyProperty(Property):
    2548    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2549
    2550
    2551class DistStyleProperty(Property):
    2552    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2553
    2554
    2555class EngineProperty(Property):
    2556    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2557
    2558
    2559class HeapProperty(Property):
    2560    arg_types = {}
    2561
    2562
    2563class ToTableProperty(Property):
    2564    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2565
    2566
    2567class ExecuteAsProperty(Property):
    2568    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2569
    2570
    2571class ExternalProperty(Property):
    2572    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2573
    2574
    2575class FallbackProperty(Property):
    2576    arg_types = {"no": True, "protection": False}
    2577
    2578
    2579class FileFormatProperty(Property):
    2580    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2581
    2582
    2583class FreespaceProperty(Property):
    2584    arg_types = {"this": True, "percent": False}
    2585
    2586
    2587class GlobalProperty(Property):
    2588    arg_types = {}
    2589
    2590
    2591class IcebergProperty(Property):
    2592    arg_types = {}
    2593
    2594
    2595class InheritsProperty(Property):
    2596    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2597
    2598
    2599class InputModelProperty(Property):
    2600    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2601
    2602
    2603class OutputModelProperty(Property):
    2604    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2605
    2606
    2607class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property):
    2608    arg_types = {"no": False, "concurrent": False, "target": False}
    2609
    2610
    2611class JournalProperty(Property):
    2612    arg_types = {
    2613        "no": False,
    2614        "dual": False,
    2615        "before": False,
    2616        "local": False,
    2617        "after": False,
    2618    }
    2619
    2620
    2621class LanguageProperty(Property):
    2622    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2623
    2624
    2625# spark ddl
    2626class ClusteredByProperty(Property):
    2627    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "sorted_by": False, "buckets": True}
    2628
    2629
    2630class DictProperty(Property):
    2631    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "settings": False}
    2632
    2633
    2634class DictSubProperty(Property):
    2635    pass
    2636
    2637
    2638class DictRange(Property):
    2639    arg_types = {"this": True, "min": True, "max": True}
    2640
    2641
    2642# Clickhouse CREATE ... ON CLUSTER modifier
    2643# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/distributed-ddl
    2644class OnCluster(Property):
    2645    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2646
    2647
    2648class LikeProperty(Property):
    2649    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    2650
    2651
    2652class LocationProperty(Property):
    2653    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2654
    2655
    2656class LockProperty(Property):
    2657    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2658
    2659
    2660class LockingProperty(Property):
    2661    arg_types = {
    2662        "this": False,
    2663        "kind": True,
    2664        "for_or_in": False,
    2665        "lock_type": True,
    2666        "override": False,
    2667    }
    2668
    2669
    2670class LogProperty(Property):
    2671    arg_types = {"no": True}
    2672
    2673
    2674class MaterializedProperty(Property):
    2675    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2676
    2677
    2678class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property):
    2679    arg_types = {"this": False, "no": False, "default": False, "percent": False}
    2680
    2681
    2682class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property):
    2683    arg_types = {}
    2684
    2685
    2686class OnProperty(Property):
    2687    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2688
    2689
    2690class OnCommitProperty(Property):
    2691    arg_types = {"delete": False}
    2692
    2693
    2694class PartitionedByProperty(Property):
    2695    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2696
    2697
    2698# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html
    2699class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression):
    2700    # this -> IN / MODULUS, expression -> REMAINDER, from_expressions -> FROM (...), to_expressions -> TO (...)
    2701    arg_types = {
    2702        "this": False,
    2703        "expression": False,
    2704        "from_expressions": False,
    2705        "to_expressions": False,
    2706    }
    2707
    2708
    2709class PartitionedOfProperty(Property):
    2710    # this -> parent_table (schema), expression -> FOR VALUES ... / DEFAULT
    2711    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2712
    2713
    2714class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property):
    2715    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2716
    2717
    2718class ReturnsProperty(Property):
    2719    arg_types = {"this": False, "is_table": False, "table": False, "null": False}
    2720
    2721
    2722class StrictProperty(Property):
    2723    arg_types = {}
    2724
    2725
    2726class RowFormatProperty(Property):
    2727    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2728
    2729
    2730class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property):
    2731    # https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/hive/languagemanual+dml
    2732    arg_types = {
    2733        "fields": False,
    2734        "escaped": False,
    2735        "collection_items": False,
    2736        "map_keys": False,
    2737        "lines": False,
    2738        "null": False,
    2739        "serde": False,
    2740    }
    2741
    2742
    2743class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property):
    2744    arg_types = {"this": True, "serde_properties": False}
    2745
    2746
    2747# https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.1.2/sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-transform.html
    2748class QueryTransform(Expression):
    2749    arg_types = {
    2750        "expressions": True,
    2751        "command_script": True,
    2752        "schema": False,
    2753        "row_format_before": False,
    2754        "record_writer": False,
    2755        "row_format_after": False,
    2756        "record_reader": False,
    2757    }
    2758
    2759
    2760class SampleProperty(Property):
    2761    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2762
    2763
    2764class SchemaCommentProperty(Property):
    2765    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2766
    2767
    2768class SerdeProperties(Property):
    2769    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "with": False}
    2770
    2771
    2772class SetProperty(Property):
    2773    arg_types = {"multi": True}
    2774
    2775
    2776class SharingProperty(Property):
    2777    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2778
    2779
    2780class SetConfigProperty(Property):
    2781    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2782
    2783
    2784class SettingsProperty(Property):
    2785    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2786
    2787
    2788class SortKeyProperty(Property):
    2789    arg_types = {"this": True, "compound": False}
    2790
    2791
    2792class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property):
    2793    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2794
    2795
    2796class SqlSecurityProperty(Property):
    2797    arg_types = {"definer": True}
    2798
    2799
    2800class StabilityProperty(Property):
    2801    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2802
    2803
    2804class TemporaryProperty(Property):
    2805    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2806
    2807
    2808class TransformModelProperty(Property):
    2809    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2810
    2811
    2812class TransientProperty(Property):
    2813    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2814
    2815
    2816class UnloggedProperty(Property):
    2817    arg_types = {}
    2818
    2819
    2820# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-view-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    2821class ViewAttributeProperty(Property):
    2822    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2823
    2824
    2825class VolatileProperty(Property):
    2826    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2827
    2828
    2829class WithDataProperty(Property):
    2830    arg_types = {"no": True, "statistics": False}
    2831
    2832
    2833class WithJournalTableProperty(Property):
    2834    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2835
    2836
    2837class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property):
    2838    arg_types = {
    2839        "on": False,
    2840        "this": False,
    2841        "data_consistency": False,
    2842        "retention_period": False,
    2843        "with": True,
    2844    }
    2845
    2846
    2847class Properties(Expression):
    2848    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2849
    2850    NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {
    2851        "ALGORITHM": AlgorithmProperty,
    2852        "AUTO_INCREMENT": AutoIncrementProperty,
    2853        "CHARACTER SET": CharacterSetProperty,
    2854        "CLUSTERED_BY": ClusteredByProperty,
    2855        "COLLATE": CollateProperty,
    2856        "COMMENT": SchemaCommentProperty,
    2857        "DEFINER": DefinerProperty,
    2858        "DISTKEY": DistKeyProperty,
    2859        "DISTSTYLE": DistStyleProperty,
    2860        "ENGINE": EngineProperty,
    2861        "EXECUTE AS": ExecuteAsProperty,
    2862        "FORMAT": FileFormatProperty,
    2863        "LANGUAGE": LanguageProperty,
    2864        "LOCATION": LocationProperty,
    2865        "LOCK": LockProperty,
    2866        "PARTITIONED_BY": PartitionedByProperty,
    2867        "RETURNS": ReturnsProperty,
    2868        "ROW_FORMAT": RowFormatProperty,
    2869        "SORTKEY": SortKeyProperty,
    2870    }
    2871
    2872    PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {v: k for k, v in NAME_TO_PROPERTY.items()}
    2873
    2874    # CREATE property locations
    2875    # Form: schema specified
    2876    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    2877    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    2878    #     (b int) [POST_SCHEMA]
    2879    #     with ([POST_WITH])
    2880    #     index (b) [POST_INDEX]
    2881    #
    2882    # Form: alias selection
    2883    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    2884    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    2885    #     as [POST_ALIAS] (select * from b) [POST_EXPRESSION]
    2886    #     index (c) [POST_INDEX]
    2887    class Location(AutoName):
    2888        POST_CREATE = auto()
    2889        POST_NAME = auto()
    2890        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    2891        POST_WITH = auto()
    2892        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    2893        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    2894        POST_INDEX = auto()
    2895        UNSUPPORTED = auto()
    2896
    2897    @classmethod
    2898    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    2899        expressions = []
    2900        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    2901            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    2902            if property_cls:
    2903                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    2904            else:
    2905                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    2906
    2907        return cls(expressions=expressions)
    2908
    2909
    2910class Qualify(Expression):
    2911    pass
    2912
    2913
    2914class InputOutputFormat(Expression):
    2915    arg_types = {"input_format": False, "output_format": False}
    2916
    2917
    2918# https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/ias?topic=procedures-return-statement-in-sql
    2919class Return(Expression):
    2920    pass
    2921
    2922
    2923class Reference(Expression):
    2924    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "options": False}
    2925
    2926
    2927class Tuple(Expression):
    2928    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    2929
    2930    def isin(
    2931        self,
    2932        *expressions: t.Any,
    2933        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    2934        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    2935        copy: bool = True,
    2936        **opts,
    2937    ) -> In:
    2938        return In(
    2939            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    2940            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    2941            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    2942            unnest=(
    2943                Unnest(
    2944                    expressions=[
    2945                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    2946                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    2947                    ]
    2948                )
    2949                if unnest
    2950                else None
    2951            ),
    2952        )
    2953
    2954
    2955QUERY_MODIFIERS = {
    2956    "match": False,
    2957    "laterals": False,
    2958    "joins": False,
    2959    "connect": False,
    2960    "pivots": False,
    2961    "prewhere": False,
    2962    "where": False,
    2963    "group": False,
    2964    "having": False,
    2965    "qualify": False,
    2966    "windows": False,
    2967    "distribute": False,
    2968    "sort": False,
    2969    "cluster": False,
    2970    "order": False,
    2971    "limit": False,
    2972    "offset": False,
    2973    "locks": False,
    2974    "sample": False,
    2975    "settings": False,
    2976    "format": False,
    2977    "options": False,
    2978}
    2979
    2980
    2981# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/option-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    2982# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-ver16
    2983class QueryOption(Expression):
    2984    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    2985
    2986
    2987# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    2988class WithTableHint(Expression):
    2989    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2990
    2991
    2992# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/index-hints.html
    2993class IndexTableHint(Expression):
    2994    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "target": False}
    2995
    2996
    2997# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    2998class HistoricalData(Expression):
    2999    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": True}
    3000
    3001
    3002class Table(Expression):
    3003    arg_types = {
    3004        "this": False,
    3005        "alias": False,
    3006        "db": False,
    3007        "catalog": False,
    3008        "laterals": False,
    3009        "joins": False,
    3010        "pivots": False,
    3011        "hints": False,
    3012        "system_time": False,
    3013        "version": False,
    3014        "format": False,
    3015        "pattern": False,
    3016        "ordinality": False,
    3017        "when": False,
    3018        "only": False,
    3019        "partition": False,
    3020    }
    3021
    3022    @property
    3023    def name(self) -> str:
    3024        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3025            return ""
    3026        return self.this.name
    3027
    3028    @property
    3029    def db(self) -> str:
    3030        return self.text("db")
    3031
    3032    @property
    3033    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3034        return self.text("catalog")
    3035
    3036    @property
    3037    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3038        return []
    3039
    3040    @property
    3041    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3042        return []
    3043
    3044    @property
    3045    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3046        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3047        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3048
    3049        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3050            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3051
    3052            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3053                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3054            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3055                parts.append(part)
    3056
    3057        return parts
    3058
    3059    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3060        parts = self.parts
    3061        col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3062        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3063        if alias:
    3064            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3065        return col
    3066
    3067
    3068class Union(Query):
    3069    arg_types = {
    3070        "with": False,
    3071        "this": True,
    3072        "expression": True,
    3073        "distinct": False,
    3074        "by_name": False,
    3075        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3076    }
    3077
    3078    def select(
    3079        self,
    3080        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3081        append: bool = True,
    3082        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3083        copy: bool = True,
    3084        **opts,
    3085    ) -> Union:
    3086        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3087        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3088        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3089            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3090        )
    3091        return this
    3092
    3093    @property
    3094    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3095        return self.this.unnest().named_selects
    3096
    3097    @property
    3098    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3099        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star
    3100
    3101    @property
    3102    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3103        return self.this.unnest().selects
    3104
    3105    @property
    3106    def left(self) -> Expression:
    3107        return self.this
    3108
    3109    @property
    3110    def right(self) -> Expression:
    3111        return self.expression
    3112
    3113
    3114class Except(Union):
    3115    pass
    3116
    3117
    3118class Intersect(Union):
    3119    pass
    3120
    3121
    3122class Unnest(UDTF):
    3123    arg_types = {
    3124        "expressions": True,
    3125        "alias": False,
    3126        "offset": False,
    3127    }
    3128
    3129    @property
    3130    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3131        columns = super().selects
    3132        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    3133        if offset:
    3134            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    3135        return columns
    3136
    3137
    3138class Update(Expression):
    3139    arg_types = {
    3140        "with": False,
    3141        "this": False,
    3142        "expressions": True,
    3143        "from": False,
    3144        "where": False,
    3145        "returning": False,
    3146        "order": False,
    3147        "limit": False,
    3148    }
    3149
    3150
    3151class Values(UDTF):
    3152    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "alias": False}
    3153
    3154
    3155class Var(Expression):
    3156    pass
    3157
    3158
    3159class Version(Expression):
    3160    """
    3161    Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc
    3162    https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots
    3163    https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html
    3164    https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of
    3165    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    3166    this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION
    3167    kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")
    3168    """
    3169
    3170    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": False}
    3171
    3172
    3173class Schema(Expression):
    3174    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False}
    3175
    3176
    3177# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/select.html
    3178# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/SELECT.html
    3179class Lock(Expression):
    3180    arg_types = {"update": True, "expressions": False, "wait": False}
    3181
    3182
    3183class Select(Query):
    3184    arg_types = {
    3185        "with": False,
    3186        "kind": False,
    3187        "expressions": False,
    3188        "hint": False,
    3189        "distinct": False,
    3190        "into": False,
    3191        "from": False,
    3192        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3193    }
    3194
    3195    def from_(
    3196        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3197    ) -> Select:
    3198        """
    3199        Set the FROM expression.
    3200
    3201        Example:
    3202            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3203            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3204
    3205        Args:
    3206            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3207                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3208                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3209            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3210            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3211            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3212
    3213        Returns:
    3214            The modified Select expression.
    3215        """
    3216        return _apply_builder(
    3217            expression=expression,
    3218            instance=self,
    3219            arg="from",
    3220            into=From,
    3221            prefix="FROM",
    3222            dialect=dialect,
    3223            copy=copy,
    3224            **opts,
    3225        )
    3226
    3227    def group_by(
    3228        self,
    3229        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3230        append: bool = True,
    3231        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3232        copy: bool = True,
    3233        **opts,
    3234    ) -> Select:
    3235        """
    3236        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3237
    3238        Example:
    3239            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3240            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3241
    3242        Args:
    3243            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3244                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3245                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3246                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3247            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3248                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3249            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3250            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3251            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3252
    3253        Returns:
    3254            The modified Select expression.
    3255        """
    3256        if not expressions:
    3257            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3258
    3259        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3260            *expressions,
    3261            instance=self,
    3262            arg="group",
    3263            append=append,
    3264            copy=copy,
    3265            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3266            into=Group,
    3267            dialect=dialect,
    3268            **opts,
    3269        )
    3270
    3271    def sort_by(
    3272        self,
    3273        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3274        append: bool = True,
    3275        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3276        copy: bool = True,
    3277        **opts,
    3278    ) -> Select:
    3279        """
    3280        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3281
    3282        Example:
    3283            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3284            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3285
    3286        Args:
    3287            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3288                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3289                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3290            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3291                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3292            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3293            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3294            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3295
    3296        Returns:
    3297            The modified Select expression.
    3298        """
    3299        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3300            *expressions,
    3301            instance=self,
    3302            arg="sort",
    3303            append=append,
    3304            copy=copy,
    3305            prefix="SORT BY",
    3306            into=Sort,
    3307            dialect=dialect,
    3308            **opts,
    3309        )
    3310
    3311    def cluster_by(
    3312        self,
    3313        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3314        append: bool = True,
    3315        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3316        copy: bool = True,
    3317        **opts,
    3318    ) -> Select:
    3319        """
    3320        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3321
    3322        Example:
    3323            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3324            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3325
    3326        Args:
    3327            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3328                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3329                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3330            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3331                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3332            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3333            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3334            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3335
    3336        Returns:
    3337            The modified Select expression.
    3338        """
    3339        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3340            *expressions,
    3341            instance=self,
    3342            arg="cluster",
    3343            append=append,
    3344            copy=copy,
    3345            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3346            into=Cluster,
    3347            dialect=dialect,
    3348            **opts,
    3349        )
    3350
    3351    def select(
    3352        self,
    3353        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3354        append: bool = True,
    3355        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3356        copy: bool = True,
    3357        **opts,
    3358    ) -> Select:
    3359        return _apply_list_builder(
    3360            *expressions,
    3361            instance=self,
    3362            arg="expressions",
    3363            append=append,
    3364            dialect=dialect,
    3365            into=Expression,
    3366            copy=copy,
    3367            **opts,
    3368        )
    3369
    3370    def lateral(
    3371        self,
    3372        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3373        append: bool = True,
    3374        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3375        copy: bool = True,
    3376        **opts,
    3377    ) -> Select:
    3378        """
    3379        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3380
    3381        Example:
    3382            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3383            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3384
    3385        Args:
    3386            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3387                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3388            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3389                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3390            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3391            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3392            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3393
    3394        Returns:
    3395            The modified Select expression.
    3396        """
    3397        return _apply_list_builder(
    3398            *expressions,
    3399            instance=self,
    3400            arg="laterals",
    3401            append=append,
    3402            into=Lateral,
    3403            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3404            dialect=dialect,
    3405            copy=copy,
    3406            **opts,
    3407        )
    3408
    3409    def join(
    3410        self,
    3411        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3412        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3413        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3414        append: bool = True,
    3415        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3416        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3417        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3418        copy: bool = True,
    3419        **opts,
    3420    ) -> Select:
    3421        """
    3422        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3423
    3424        Example:
    3425            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3426            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3427
    3428            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3429            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3430
    3431            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3432
    3433            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3434            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3435
    3436        Args:
    3437            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3438                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3439            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3440                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3441            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3442                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3443            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3444                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3445            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3446            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3447            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3448            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3449            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3450
    3451        Returns:
    3452            Select: the modified expression.
    3453        """
    3454        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3455
    3456        try:
    3457            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3458        except ParseError:
    3459            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3460
    3461        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3462
    3463        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3464            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3465
    3466        if join_type:
    3467            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3468            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3469            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3470
    3471            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3472
    3473            if method:
    3474                join.set("method", method.text)
    3475            if side:
    3476                join.set("side", side.text)
    3477            if kind:
    3478                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3479
    3480        if on:
    3481            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3482            join.set("on", on)
    3483
    3484        if using:
    3485            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3486                *ensure_list(using),
    3487                instance=join,
    3488                arg="using",
    3489                append=append,
    3490                copy=copy,
    3491                into=Identifier,
    3492                **opts,
    3493            )
    3494
    3495        if join_alias:
    3496            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3497
    3498        return _apply_list_builder(
    3499            join,
    3500            instance=self,
    3501            arg="joins",
    3502            append=append,
    3503            copy=copy,
    3504            **opts,
    3505        )
    3506
    3507    def where(
    3508        self,
    3509        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3510        append: bool = True,
    3511        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3512        copy: bool = True,
    3513        **opts,
    3514    ) -> Select:
    3515        """
    3516        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3517
    3518        Example:
    3519            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3520            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3521
    3522        Args:
    3523            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3524                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3525                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3526            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3527                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3528            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3529            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3530            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3531
    3532        Returns:
    3533            Select: the modified expression.
    3534        """
    3535        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3536            *expressions,
    3537            instance=self,
    3538            arg="where",
    3539            append=append,
    3540            into=Where,
    3541            dialect=dialect,
    3542            copy=copy,
    3543            **opts,
    3544        )
    3545
    3546    def having(
    3547        self,
    3548        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3549        append: bool = True,
    3550        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3551        copy: bool = True,
    3552        **opts,
    3553    ) -> Select:
    3554        """
    3555        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3556
    3557        Example:
    3558            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3559            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3560
    3561        Args:
    3562            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3563                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3564                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3565            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3566                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3567            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3568            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3569            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3570
    3571        Returns:
    3572            The modified Select expression.
    3573        """
    3574        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3575            *expressions,
    3576            instance=self,
    3577            arg="having",
    3578            append=append,
    3579            into=Having,
    3580            dialect=dialect,
    3581            copy=copy,
    3582            **opts,
    3583        )
    3584
    3585    def window(
    3586        self,
    3587        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3588        append: bool = True,
    3589        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3590        copy: bool = True,
    3591        **opts,
    3592    ) -> Select:
    3593        return _apply_list_builder(
    3594            *expressions,
    3595            instance=self,
    3596            arg="windows",
    3597            append=append,
    3598            into=Window,
    3599            dialect=dialect,
    3600            copy=copy,
    3601            **opts,
    3602        )
    3603
    3604    def qualify(
    3605        self,
    3606        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3607        append: bool = True,
    3608        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3609        copy: bool = True,
    3610        **opts,
    3611    ) -> Select:
    3612        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3613            *expressions,
    3614            instance=self,
    3615            arg="qualify",
    3616            append=append,
    3617            into=Qualify,
    3618            dialect=dialect,
    3619            copy=copy,
    3620            **opts,
    3621        )
    3622
    3623    def distinct(
    3624        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    3625    ) -> Select:
    3626        """
    3627        Set the OFFSET expression.
    3628
    3629        Example:
    3630            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    3631            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    3632
    3633        Args:
    3634            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    3635            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    3636            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3637
    3638        Returns:
    3639            Select: the modified expression.
    3640        """
    3641        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3642        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    3643        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    3644        return instance
    3645
    3646    def ctas(
    3647        self,
    3648        table: ExpOrStr,
    3649        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    3650        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3651        copy: bool = True,
    3652        **opts,
    3653    ) -> Create:
    3654        """
    3655        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    3656
    3657        Example:
    3658            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    3659            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    3660
    3661        Args:
    3662            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3663                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3664            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    3665            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    3666            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3667            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    3668
    3669        Returns:
    3670            The new Create expression.
    3671        """
    3672        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3673        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    3674
    3675        properties_expression = None
    3676        if properties:
    3677            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    3678
    3679        return Create(
    3680            this=table_expression,
    3681            kind="TABLE",
    3682            expression=instance,
    3683            properties=properties_expression,
    3684        )
    3685
    3686    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3687        """
    3688        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    3689
    3690        Examples:
    3691            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    3692            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    3693
    3694            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    3695            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    3696
    3697        Args:
    3698            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    3699            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3700
    3701        Returns:
    3702            The modified expression.
    3703        """
    3704        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3705        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    3706
    3707        return inst
    3708
    3709    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3710        """
    3711        Set hints for this expression.
    3712
    3713        Examples:
    3714            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    3715            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    3716
    3717        Args:
    3718            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    3719                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3720            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    3721            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3722
    3723        Returns:
    3724            The modified expression.
    3725        """
    3726        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3727        inst.set(
    3728            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    3729        )
    3730
    3731        return inst
    3732
    3733    @property
    3734    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3735        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]
    3736
    3737    @property
    3738    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3739        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)
    3740
    3741    @property
    3742    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3743        return self.expressions
    3744
    3745
    3746UNWRAPPED_QUERIES = (Select, Union)
    3747
    3748
    3749class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query):
    3750    arg_types = {
    3751        "this": True,
    3752        "alias": False,
    3753        "with": False,
    3754        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3755    }
    3756
    3757    def unnest(self):
    3758        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    3759        expression = self
    3760        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    3761            expression = expression.this
    3762        return expression
    3763
    3764    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    3765        expression = self
    3766        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    3767            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    3768        return expression
    3769
    3770    def select(
    3771        self,
    3772        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3773        append: bool = True,
    3774        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3775        copy: bool = True,
    3776        **opts,
    3777    ) -> Subquery:
    3778        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3779        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3780        return this
    3781
    3782    @property
    3783    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    3784        """
    3785        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    3786
    3787        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    3788                      ^
    3789                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    3790        """
    3791        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")
    3792
    3793    @property
    3794    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3795        return self.this.is_star
    3796
    3797    @property
    3798    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3799        return self.alias
    3800
    3801
    3802class TableSample(Expression):
    3803    arg_types = {
    3804        "this": False,
    3805        "expressions": False,
    3806        "method": False,
    3807        "bucket_numerator": False,
    3808        "bucket_denominator": False,
    3809        "bucket_field": False,
    3810        "percent": False,
    3811        "rows": False,
    3812        "size": False,
    3813        "seed": False,
    3814    }
    3815
    3816
    3817class Tag(Expression):
    3818    """Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT <span>x</span>."""
    3819
    3820    arg_types = {
    3821        "this": False,
    3822        "prefix": False,
    3823        "postfix": False,
    3824    }
    3825
    3826
    3827# Represents both the standard SQL PIVOT operator and DuckDB's "simplified" PIVOT syntax
    3828# https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/pivot
    3829class Pivot(Expression):
    3830    arg_types = {
    3831        "this": False,
    3832        "alias": False,
    3833        "expressions": False,
    3834        "field": False,
    3835        "unpivot": False,
    3836        "using": False,
    3837        "group": False,
    3838        "columns": False,
    3839        "include_nulls": False,
    3840    }
    3841
    3842    @property
    3843    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    3844        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))
    3845
    3846
    3847class Window(Condition):
    3848    arg_types = {
    3849        "this": True,
    3850        "partition_by": False,
    3851        "order": False,
    3852        "spec": False,
    3853        "alias": False,
    3854        "over": False,
    3855        "first": False,
    3856    }
    3857
    3858
    3859class WindowSpec(Expression):
    3860    arg_types = {
    3861        "kind": False,
    3862        "start": False,
    3863        "start_side": False,
    3864        "end": False,
    3865        "end_side": False,
    3866    }
    3867
    3868
    3869class PreWhere(Expression):
    3870    pass
    3871
    3872
    3873class Where(Expression):
    3874    pass
    3875
    3876
    3877class Star(Expression):
    3878    arg_types = {"except": False, "replace": False, "rename": False}
    3879
    3880    @property
    3881    def name(self) -> str:
    3882        return "*"
    3883
    3884    @property
    3885    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3886        return self.name
    3887
    3888
    3889class Parameter(Condition):
    3890    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    3891
    3892
    3893class SessionParameter(Condition):
    3894    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    3895
    3896
    3897class Placeholder(Condition):
    3898    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False}
    3899
    3900    @property
    3901    def name(self) -> str:
    3902        return self.this or "?"
    3903
    3904
    3905class Null(Condition):
    3906    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    3907
    3908    @property
    3909    def name(self) -> str:
    3910        return "NULL"
    3911
    3912
    3913class Boolean(Condition):
    3914    pass
    3915
    3916
    3917class DataTypeParam(Expression):
    3918    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    3919
    3920    @property
    3921    def name(self) -> str:
    3922        return self.this.name
    3923
    3924
    3925class DataType(Expression):
    3926    arg_types = {
    3927        "this": True,
    3928        "expressions": False,
    3929        "nested": False,
    3930        "values": False,
    3931        "prefix": False,
    3932        "kind": False,
    3933    }
    3934
    3935    class Type(AutoName):
    3936        ARRAY = auto()
    3937        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    3938        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    3939        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    3940        BIGINT = auto()
    3941        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    3942        BINARY = auto()
    3943        BIT = auto()
    3944        BOOLEAN = auto()
    3945        BPCHAR = auto()
    3946        CHAR = auto()
    3947        DATE = auto()
    3948        DATE32 = auto()
    3949        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    3950        DATERANGE = auto()
    3951        DATETIME = auto()
    3952        DATETIME64 = auto()
    3953        DECIMAL = auto()
    3954        DOUBLE = auto()
    3955        ENUM = auto()
    3956        ENUM8 = auto()
    3957        ENUM16 = auto()
    3958        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    3959        FLOAT = auto()
    3960        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    3961        GEOMETRY = auto()
    3962        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    3963        HSTORE = auto()
    3964        IMAGE = auto()
    3965        INET = auto()
    3966        INT = auto()
    3967        INT128 = auto()
    3968        INT256 = auto()
    3969        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    3970        INT4RANGE = auto()
    3971        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    3972        INT8RANGE = auto()
    3973        INTERVAL = auto()
    3974        IPADDRESS = auto()
    3975        IPPREFIX = auto()
    3976        IPV4 = auto()
    3977        IPV6 = auto()
    3978        JSON = auto()
    3979        JSONB = auto()
    3980        LONGBLOB = auto()
    3981        LONGTEXT = auto()
    3982        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    3983        MAP = auto()
    3984        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    3985        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    3986        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    3987        MONEY = auto()
    3988        NAME = auto()
    3989        NCHAR = auto()
    3990        NESTED = auto()
    3991        NULL = auto()
    3992        NULLABLE = auto()
    3993        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    3994        NUMRANGE = auto()
    3995        NVARCHAR = auto()
    3996        OBJECT = auto()
    3997        ROWVERSION = auto()
    3998        SERIAL = auto()
    3999        SET = auto()
    4000        SMALLINT = auto()
    4001        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4002        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4003        STRUCT = auto()
    4004        SUPER = auto()
    4005        TEXT = auto()
    4006        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4007        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4008        TIME = auto()
    4009        TIMETZ = auto()
    4010        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4011        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4012        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4013        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4014        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4015        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4016        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4017        TINYINT = auto()
    4018        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4019        TSRANGE = auto()
    4020        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4021        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4022        UBIGINT = auto()
    4023        UINT = auto()
    4024        UINT128 = auto()
    4025        UINT256 = auto()
    4026        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4027        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4028        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4029        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4030        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4031        USMALLINT = auto()
    4032        UTINYINT = auto()
    4033        UUID = auto()
    4034        VARBINARY = auto()
    4035        VARCHAR = auto()
    4036        VARIANT = auto()
    4037        XML = auto()
    4038        YEAR = auto()
    4039        TDIGEST = auto()
    4040
    4041    STRUCT_TYPES = {
    4042        Type.NESTED,
    4043        Type.OBJECT,
    4044        Type.STRUCT,
    4045    }
    4046
    4047    NESTED_TYPES = {
    4048        *STRUCT_TYPES,
    4049        Type.ARRAY,
    4050        Type.MAP,
    4051    }
    4052
    4053    TEXT_TYPES = {
    4054        Type.CHAR,
    4055        Type.NCHAR,
    4056        Type.NVARCHAR,
    4057        Type.TEXT,
    4058        Type.VARCHAR,
    4059        Type.NAME,
    4060    }
    4061
    4062    SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4063        Type.BIGINT,
    4064        Type.INT,
    4065        Type.INT128,
    4066        Type.INT256,
    4067        Type.MEDIUMINT,
    4068        Type.SMALLINT,
    4069        Type.TINYINT,
    4070    }
    4071
    4072    UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4073        Type.UBIGINT,
    4074        Type.UINT,
    4075        Type.UINT128,
    4076        Type.UINT256,
    4077        Type.UMEDIUMINT,
    4078        Type.USMALLINT,
    4079        Type.UTINYINT,
    4080    }
    4081
    4082    INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4083        *SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4084        *UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4085        Type.BIT,
    4086    }
    4087
    4088    FLOAT_TYPES = {
    4089        Type.DOUBLE,
    4090        Type.FLOAT,
    4091    }
    4092
    4093    REAL_TYPES = {
    4094        *FLOAT_TYPES,
    4095        Type.BIGDECIMAL,
    4096        Type.DECIMAL,
    4097        Type.MONEY,
    4098        Type.SMALLMONEY,
    4099        Type.UDECIMAL,
    4100    }
    4101
    4102    NUMERIC_TYPES = {
    4103        *INTEGER_TYPES,
    4104        *REAL_TYPES,
    4105    }
    4106
    4107    TEMPORAL_TYPES = {
    4108        Type.DATE,
    4109        Type.DATE32,
    4110        Type.DATETIME,
    4111        Type.DATETIME64,
    4112        Type.TIME,
    4113        Type.TIMESTAMP,
    4114        Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
    4115        Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    4116        Type.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    4117        Type.TIMESTAMP_MS,
    4118        Type.TIMESTAMP_NS,
    4119        Type.TIMESTAMP_S,
    4120        Type.TIMETZ,
    4121    }
    4122
    4123    @classmethod
    4124    def build(
    4125        cls,
    4126        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4127        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4128        udt: bool = False,
    4129        copy: bool = True,
    4130        **kwargs,
    4131    ) -> DataType:
    4132        """
    4133        Constructs a DataType object.
    4134
    4135        Args:
    4136            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4137            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4138            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4139                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4140            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4141            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4142
    4143        Returns:
    4144            The constructed DataType object.
    4145        """
    4146        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4147
    4148        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4149            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4150                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4151
    4152            try:
    4153                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4154                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4155                )
    4156            except ParseError:
    4157                if udt:
    4158                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4159                raise
    4160        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4161            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4162        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4163            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4164        else:
    4165            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4166
    4167        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})
    4168
    4169    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    4170        """
    4171        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4172        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4173
    4174        Args:
    4175            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4176
    4177        Returns:
    4178            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4179        """
    4180        for dtype in dtypes:
    4181            other = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4182
    4183            if (
    4184                other.expressions
    4185                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4186                or other.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4187            ):
    4188                matches = self == other
    4189            else:
    4190                matches = self.this == other.this
    4191
    4192            if matches:
    4193                return True
    4194        return False
    4195
    4196
    4197DATA_TYPE = t.Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]
    4198
    4199
    4200# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/datatype-pseudo.html
    4201class PseudoType(DataType):
    4202    arg_types = {"this": True}
    4203
    4204
    4205# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/datatype-oid.html
    4206class ObjectIdentifier(DataType):
    4207    arg_types = {"this": True}
    4208
    4209
    4210# WHERE x <OP> EXISTS|ALL|ANY|SOME(SELECT ...)
    4211class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate):
    4212    pass
    4213
    4214
    4215class All(SubqueryPredicate):
    4216    pass
    4217
    4218
    4219class Any(SubqueryPredicate):
    4220    pass
    4221
    4222
    4223class Exists(SubqueryPredicate):
    4224    pass
    4225
    4226
    4227# Commands to interact with the databases or engines. For most of the command
    4228# expressions we parse whatever comes after the command's name as a string.
    4229class Command(Expression):
    4230    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4231
    4232
    4233class Transaction(Expression):
    4234    arg_types = {"this": False, "modes": False, "mark": False}
    4235
    4236
    4237class Commit(Expression):
    4238    arg_types = {"chain": False, "this": False, "durability": False}
    4239
    4240
    4241class Rollback(Expression):
    4242    arg_types = {"savepoint": False, "this": False}
    4243
    4244
    4245class AlterTable(Expression):
    4246    arg_types = {
    4247        "this": True,
    4248        "actions": True,
    4249        "exists": False,
    4250        "only": False,
    4251        "options": False,
    4252        "cluster": False,
    4253    }
    4254
    4255
    4256class AddConstraint(Expression):
    4257    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    4258
    4259
    4260class DropPartition(Expression):
    4261    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "exists": False}
    4262
    4263
    4264# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition#replace-partition
    4265class ReplacePartition(Expression):
    4266    arg_types = {"expression": True, "source": True}
    4267
    4268
    4269# Binary expressions like (ADD a b)
    4270class Binary(Condition):
    4271    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4272
    4273    @property
    4274    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4275        return self.this
    4276
    4277    @property
    4278    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4279        return self.expression
    4280
    4281
    4282class Add(Binary):
    4283    pass
    4284
    4285
    4286class Connector(Binary):
    4287    pass
    4288
    4289
    4290class And(Connector):
    4291    pass
    4292
    4293
    4294class Or(Connector):
    4295    pass
    4296
    4297
    4298class BitwiseAnd(Binary):
    4299    pass
    4300
    4301
    4302class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary):
    4303    pass
    4304
    4305
    4306class BitwiseOr(Binary):
    4307    pass
    4308
    4309
    4310class BitwiseRightShift(Binary):
    4311    pass
    4312
    4313
    4314class BitwiseXor(Binary):
    4315    pass
    4316
    4317
    4318class Div(Binary):
    4319    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "typed": False, "safe": False}
    4320
    4321
    4322class Overlaps(Binary):
    4323    pass
    4324
    4325
    4326class Dot(Binary):
    4327    @property
    4328    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4329        return self.expression.is_star
    4330
    4331    @property
    4332    def name(self) -> str:
    4333        return self.expression.name
    4334
    4335    @property
    4336    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4337        return self.name
    4338
    4339    @classmethod
    4340    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4341        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4342        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4343            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4344
    4345        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))
    4346
    4347    @property
    4348    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4349        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4350        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4351
    4352        parts.reverse()
    4353
    4354        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4355            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4356
    4357            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4358                parts.append(part)
    4359
    4360        parts.reverse()
    4361        return parts
    4362
    4363
    4364class DPipe(Binary):
    4365    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "safe": False}
    4366
    4367
    4368class EQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4369    pass
    4370
    4371
    4372class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4373    pass
    4374
    4375
    4376class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4377    pass
    4378
    4379
    4380# Represents e.g. := in DuckDB which is mostly used for setting parameters
    4381class PropertyEQ(Binary):
    4382    pass
    4383
    4384
    4385class Distance(Binary):
    4386    pass
    4387
    4388
    4389class Escape(Binary):
    4390    pass
    4391
    4392
    4393class Glob(Binary, Predicate):
    4394    pass
    4395
    4396
    4397class GT(Binary, Predicate):
    4398    pass
    4399
    4400
    4401class GTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4402    pass
    4403
    4404
    4405class ILike(Binary, Predicate):
    4406    pass
    4407
    4408
    4409class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4410    pass
    4411
    4412
    4413class IntDiv(Binary):
    4414    pass
    4415
    4416
    4417class Is(Binary, Predicate):
    4418    pass
    4419
    4420
    4421class Kwarg(Binary):
    4422    """Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y)."""
    4423
    4424
    4425class Like(Binary, Predicate):
    4426    pass
    4427
    4428
    4429class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4430    pass
    4431
    4432
    4433class LT(Binary, Predicate):
    4434    pass
    4435
    4436
    4437class LTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4438    pass
    4439
    4440
    4441class Mod(Binary):
    4442    pass
    4443
    4444
    4445class Mul(Binary):
    4446    pass
    4447
    4448
    4449class NEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4450    pass
    4451
    4452
    4453# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH
    4454class Operator(Binary):
    4455    arg_types = {"this": True, "operator": True, "expression": True}
    4456
    4457
    4458class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate):
    4459    pass
    4460
    4461
    4462class Slice(Binary):
    4463    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False}
    4464
    4465
    4466class Sub(Binary):
    4467    pass
    4468
    4469
    4470# Unary Expressions
    4471# (NOT a)
    4472class Unary(Condition):
    4473    pass
    4474
    4475
    4476class BitwiseNot(Unary):
    4477    pass
    4478
    4479
    4480class Not(Unary):
    4481    pass
    4482
    4483
    4484class Paren(Unary):
    4485    @property
    4486    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4487        return self.this.name
    4488
    4489
    4490class Neg(Unary):
    4491    pass
    4492
    4493
    4494class Alias(Expression):
    4495    arg_types = {"this": True, "alias": False}
    4496
    4497    @property
    4498    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4499        return self.alias
    4500
    4501
    4502# BigQuery requires the UNPIVOT column list aliases to be either strings or ints, but
    4503# other dialects require identifiers. This enables us to transpile between them easily.
    4504class PivotAlias(Alias):
    4505    pass
    4506
    4507
    4508class Aliases(Expression):
    4509    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    4510
    4511    @property
    4512    def aliases(self):
    4513        return self.expressions
    4514
    4515
    4516# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/query-super.html
    4517class AtIndex(Expression):
    4518    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4519
    4520
    4521class AtTimeZone(Expression):
    4522    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}
    4523
    4524
    4525class FromTimeZone(Expression):
    4526    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}
    4527
    4528
    4529class Between(Predicate):
    4530    arg_types = {"this": True, "low": True, "high": True}
    4531
    4532
    4533class Bracket(Condition):
    4534    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/operators#array_subscript_operator
    4535    arg_types = {
    4536        "this": True,
    4537        "expressions": True,
    4538        "offset": False,
    4539        "safe": False,
    4540        "returns_list_for_maps": False,
    4541    }
    4542
    4543    @property
    4544    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4545        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4546            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4547
    4548        return super().output_name
    4549
    4550
    4551class Distinct(Expression):
    4552    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "on": False}
    4553
    4554
    4555class In(Predicate):
    4556    arg_types = {
    4557        "this": True,
    4558        "expressions": False,
    4559        "query": False,
    4560        "unnest": False,
    4561        "field": False,
    4562        "is_global": False,
    4563    }
    4564
    4565
    4566# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/procedural-language#for-in
    4567class ForIn(Expression):
    4568    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4569
    4570
    4571class TimeUnit(Expression):
    4572    """Automatically converts unit arg into a var."""
    4573
    4574    arg_types = {"unit": False}
    4575
    4576    UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {
    4577        "D": "DAY",
    4578        "H": "HOUR",
    4579        "M": "MINUTE",
    4580        "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    4581        "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    4582        "Q": "QUARTER",
    4583        "S": "SECOND",
    4584        "US": "MICROSECOND",
    4585        "W": "WEEK",
    4586        "Y": "YEAR",
    4587    }
    4588
    4589    VAR_LIKE = (Column, Literal, Var)
    4590
    4591    def __init__(self, **args):
    4592        unit = args.get("unit")
    4593        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    4594            args["unit"] = Var(
    4595                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    4596            )
    4597        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    4598            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    4599
    4600        super().__init__(**args)
    4601
    4602    @property
    4603    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    4604        return self.args.get("unit")
    4605
    4606
    4607class IntervalOp(TimeUnit):
    4608    arg_types = {"unit": True, "expression": True}
    4609
    4610    def interval(self):
    4611        return Interval(
    4612            this=self.expression.copy(),
    4613            unit=self.unit.copy(),
    4614        )
    4615
    4616
    4617# https://www.oracletutorial.com/oracle-basics/oracle-interval/
    4618# https://trino.io/docs/current/language/types.html#interval-day-to-second
    4619# https://docs.databricks.com/en/sql/language-manual/data-types/interval-type.html
    4620class IntervalSpan(DataType):
    4621    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4622
    4623
    4624class Interval(TimeUnit):
    4625    arg_types = {"this": False, "unit": False}
    4626
    4627
    4628class IgnoreNulls(Expression):
    4629    pass
    4630
    4631
    4632class RespectNulls(Expression):
    4633    pass
    4634
    4635
    4636# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/aggregate-function-calls#max_min_clause
    4637class HavingMax(Expression):
    4638    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "max": True}
    4639
    4640
    4641# Functions
    4642class Func(Condition):
    4643    """
    4644    The base class for all function expressions.
    4645
    4646    Attributes:
    4647        is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be
    4648            treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
    4649        _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this
    4650            function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as
    4651            well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL
    4652            name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.
    4653    """
    4654
    4655    is_var_len_args = False
    4656
    4657    @classmethod
    4658    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    4659        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    4660            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    4661            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    4662            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    4663            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    4664
    4665            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    4666            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    4667        else:
    4668            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    4669
    4670        return cls(**args_dict)
    4671
    4672    @classmethod
    4673    def sql_names(cls):
    4674        if cls is Func:
    4675            raise NotImplementedError(
    4676                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    4677            )
    4678        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    4679            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    4680        return cls._sql_names
    4681
    4682    @classmethod
    4683    def sql_name(cls):
    4684        return cls.sql_names()[0]
    4685
    4686    @classmethod
    4687    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    4688        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}
    4689
    4690
    4691class AggFunc(Func):
    4692    pass
    4693
    4694
    4695class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc):
    4696    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True}
    4697
    4698
    4699class Abs(Func):
    4700    pass
    4701
    4702
    4703class ArgMax(AggFunc):
    4704    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    4705    _sql_names = ["ARG_MAX", "ARGMAX", "MAX_BY"]
    4706
    4707
    4708class ArgMin(AggFunc):
    4709    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    4710    _sql_names = ["ARG_MIN", "ARGMIN", "MIN_BY"]
    4711
    4712
    4713class ApproxTopK(AggFunc):
    4714    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "counters": False}
    4715
    4716
    4717class Flatten(Func):
    4718    pass
    4719
    4720
    4721# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/index.html#transform
    4722class Transform(Func):
    4723    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4724
    4725
    4726class Anonymous(Func):
    4727    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4728    is_var_len_args = True
    4729
    4730    @property
    4731    def name(self) -> str:
    4732        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name
    4733
    4734
    4735class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc):
    4736    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4737    is_var_len_args = True
    4738
    4739
    4740# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/combinators
    4741class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc):
    4742    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "parts": True}
    4743
    4744
    4745class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg):
    4746    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True, "parts": True}
    4747
    4748
    4749# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/hll
    4750# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_HLL_function.html
    4751class Hll(AggFunc):
    4752    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4753    is_var_len_args = True
    4754
    4755
    4756class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc):
    4757    arg_types = {"this": True, "accuracy": False}
    4758    _sql_names = ["APPROX_DISTINCT", "APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"]
    4759
    4760
    4761class Array(Func):
    4762    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    4763    is_var_len_args = True
    4764
    4765
    4766# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_array
    4767class ToArray(Func):
    4768    pass
    4769
    4770
    4771# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_char
    4772# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/TO_CHAR-number.html
    4773class ToChar(Func):
    4774    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "nlsparam": False}
    4775
    4776
    4777# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_decimal
    4778# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/TO_NUMBER.html
    4779class ToNumber(Func):
    4780    arg_types = {
    4781        "this": True,
    4782        "format": False,
    4783        "nlsparam": False,
    4784        "precision": False,
    4785        "scale": False,
    4786    }
    4787
    4788
    4789# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/cast-and-convert-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
    4790class Convert(Func):
    4791    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "style": False}
    4792
    4793
    4794class GenerateSeries(Func):
    4795    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False, "is_end_exclusive": False}
    4796
    4797
    4798class ArrayAgg(AggFunc):
    4799    pass
    4800
    4801
    4802class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc):
    4803    pass
    4804
    4805
    4806class ArrayAll(Func):
    4807    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4808
    4809
    4810# Represents Python's `any(f(x) for x in array)`, where `array` is `this` and `f` is `expression`
    4811class ArrayAny(Func):
    4812    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4813
    4814
    4815class ArrayConcat(Func):
    4816    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONCAT", "ARRAY_CAT"]
    4817    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4818    is_var_len_args = True
    4819
    4820
    4821class ArrayConstructCompact(Func):
    4822    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    4823    is_var_len_args = True
    4824
    4825
    4826class ArrayContains(Binary, Func):
    4827    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS", "ARRAY_HAS"]
    4828
    4829
    4830class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func):
    4831    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL", "ARRAY_HAS_ALL"]
    4832
    4833
    4834class ArrayFilter(Func):
    4835    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4836    _sql_names = ["FILTER", "ARRAY_FILTER"]
    4837
    4838
    4839class ArrayToString(Func):
    4840    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    4841    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_TO_STRING", "ARRAY_JOIN"]
    4842
    4843
    4844class StringToArray(Func):
    4845    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    4846    _sql_names = ["STRING_TO_ARRAY", "SPLIT_BY_STRING"]
    4847
    4848
    4849class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func):
    4850    pass
    4851
    4852
    4853class ArraySize(Func):
    4854    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4855    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_SIZE", "ARRAY_LENGTH"]
    4856
    4857
    4858class ArraySort(Func):
    4859    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4860
    4861
    4862class ArraySum(Func):
    4863    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4864
    4865
    4866class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc):
    4867    pass
    4868
    4869
    4870class Avg(AggFunc):
    4871    pass
    4872
    4873
    4874class AnyValue(AggFunc):
    4875    pass
    4876
    4877
    4878class Lag(AggFunc):
    4879    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}
    4880
    4881
    4882class Lead(AggFunc):
    4883    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}
    4884
    4885
    4886# some dialects have a distinction between first and first_value, usually first is an aggregate func
    4887# and first_value is a window func
    4888class First(AggFunc):
    4889    pass
    4890
    4891
    4892class Last(AggFunc):
    4893    pass
    4894
    4895
    4896class FirstValue(AggFunc):
    4897    pass
    4898
    4899
    4900class LastValue(AggFunc):
    4901    pass
    4902
    4903
    4904class NthValue(AggFunc):
    4905    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": True}
    4906
    4907
    4908class Case(Func):
    4909    arg_types = {"this": False, "ifs": True, "default": False}
    4910
    4911    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    4912        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4913        instance.append(
    4914            "ifs",
    4915            If(
    4916                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    4917                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    4918            ),
    4919        )
    4920        return instance
    4921
    4922    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    4923        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4924        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    4925        return instance
    4926
    4927
    4928class Cast(Func):
    4929    arg_types = {
    4930        "this": True,
    4931        "to": True,
    4932        "format": False,
    4933        "safe": False,
    4934        "action": False,
    4935    }
    4936
    4937    @property
    4938    def name(self) -> str:
    4939        return self.this.name
    4940
    4941    @property
    4942    def to(self) -> DataType:
    4943        return self.args["to"]
    4944
    4945    @property
    4946    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4947        return self.name
    4948
    4949    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    4950        """
    4951        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    4952        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    4953        array<int> != array<float>.
    4954
    4955        Args:
    4956            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    4957
    4958        Returns:
    4959            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    4960        """
    4961        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)
    4962
    4963
    4964class TryCast(Cast):
    4965    pass
    4966
    4967
    4968class Try(Func):
    4969    pass
    4970
    4971
    4972class CastToStrType(Func):
    4973    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True}
    4974
    4975
    4976class Collate(Binary, Func):
    4977    pass
    4978
    4979
    4980class Ceil(Func):
    4981    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    4982    _sql_names = ["CEIL", "CEILING"]
    4983
    4984
    4985class Coalesce(Func):
    4986    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4987    is_var_len_args = True
    4988    _sql_names = ["COALESCE", "IFNULL", "NVL"]
    4989
    4990
    4991class Chr(Func):
    4992    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": False, "expressions": False}
    4993    is_var_len_args = True
    4994    _sql_names = ["CHR", "CHAR"]
    4995
    4996
    4997class Concat(Func):
    4998    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "safe": False, "coalesce": False}
    4999    is_var_len_args = True
    5000
    5001
    5002class ConcatWs(Concat):
    5003    _sql_names = ["CONCAT_WS"]
    5004
    5005
    5006# https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B13789_01/server.101/b10759/operators004.htm#i1035022
    5007class ConnectByRoot(Func):
    5008    pass
    5009
    5010
    5011class Count(AggFunc):
    5012    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False}
    5013    is_var_len_args = True
    5014
    5015
    5016class CountIf(AggFunc):
    5017    _sql_names = ["COUNT_IF", "COUNTIF"]
    5018
    5019
    5020# cube root
    5021class Cbrt(Func):
    5022    pass
    5023
    5024
    5025class CurrentDate(Func):
    5026    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5027
    5028
    5029class CurrentDatetime(Func):
    5030    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5031
    5032
    5033class CurrentTime(Func):
    5034    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5035
    5036
    5037class CurrentTimestamp(Func):
    5038    arg_types = {"this": False, "transaction": False}
    5039
    5040
    5041class CurrentUser(Func):
    5042    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5043
    5044
    5045class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5046    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5047
    5048
    5049class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5050    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5051
    5052
    5053class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5054    _sql_names = ["DATEDIFF", "DATE_DIFF"]
    5055    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5056
    5057
    5058class DateTrunc(Func):
    5059    arg_types = {"unit": True, "this": True, "zone": False}
    5060
    5061    def __init__(self, **args):
    5062        unit = args.get("unit")
    5063        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5064            args["unit"] = Literal.string(
    5065                (TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5066            )
    5067        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5068            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5069
    5070        super().__init__(**args)
    5071
    5072    @property
    5073    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5074        return self.args["unit"]
    5075
    5076
    5077class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5078    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5079
    5080
    5081class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5082    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5083
    5084
    5085class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5086    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5087
    5088
    5089class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5090    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5091
    5092
    5093class DayOfWeek(Func):
    5094    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_WEEK", "DAYOFWEEK"]
    5095
    5096
    5097class DayOfMonth(Func):
    5098    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_MONTH", "DAYOFMONTH"]
    5099
    5100
    5101class DayOfYear(Func):
    5102    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_YEAR", "DAYOFYEAR"]
    5103
    5104
    5105class ToDays(Func):
    5106    pass
    5107
    5108
    5109class WeekOfYear(Func):
    5110    _sql_names = ["WEEK_OF_YEAR", "WEEKOFYEAR"]
    5111
    5112
    5113class MonthsBetween(Func):
    5114    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "roundoff": False}
    5115
    5116
    5117class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit):
    5118    _sql_names = ["LAST_DAY", "LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH"]
    5119    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": False}
    5120
    5121
    5122class Extract(Func):
    5123    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5124
    5125
    5126class Timestamp(Func):
    5127    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False, "with_tz": False}
    5128
    5129
    5130class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5131    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5132
    5133
    5134class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5135    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5136
    5137
    5138class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5139    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMPDIFF", "TIMESTAMP_DIFF"]
    5140    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5141
    5142
    5143class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5144    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5145
    5146
    5147class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5148    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5149
    5150
    5151class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5152    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5153
    5154
    5155class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5156    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5157
    5158
    5159class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5160    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5161
    5162
    5163class DateFromParts(Func):
    5164    _sql_names = ["DATE_FROM_PARTS", "DATEFROMPARTS"]
    5165    arg_types = {"year": True, "month": True, "day": True}
    5166
    5167
    5168class TimeFromParts(Func):
    5169    _sql_names = ["TIME_FROM_PARTS", "TIMEFROMPARTS"]
    5170    arg_types = {
    5171        "hour": True,
    5172        "min": True,
    5173        "sec": True,
    5174        "nano": False,
    5175        "fractions": False,
    5176        "precision": False,
    5177    }
    5178
    5179
    5180class DateStrToDate(Func):
    5181    pass
    5182
    5183
    5184class DateToDateStr(Func):
    5185    pass
    5186
    5187
    5188class DateToDi(Func):
    5189    pass
    5190
    5191
    5192# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/date_functions#date
    5193class Date(Func):
    5194    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "expressions": False}
    5195    is_var_len_args = True
    5196
    5197
    5198class Day(Func):
    5199    pass
    5200
    5201
    5202class Decode(Func):
    5203    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True, "replace": False}
    5204
    5205
    5206class DiToDate(Func):
    5207    pass
    5208
    5209
    5210class Encode(Func):
    5211    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True}
    5212
    5213
    5214class Exp(Func):
    5215    pass
    5216
    5217
    5218# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/flatten
    5219class Explode(Func):
    5220    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5221    is_var_len_args = True
    5222
    5223
    5224class ExplodeOuter(Explode):
    5225    pass
    5226
    5227
    5228class Posexplode(Explode):
    5229    pass
    5230
    5231
    5232class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter):
    5233    pass
    5234
    5235
    5236class Floor(Func):
    5237    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    5238
    5239
    5240class FromBase64(Func):
    5241    pass
    5242
    5243
    5244class ToBase64(Func):
    5245    pass
    5246
    5247
    5248class GenerateDateArray(Func):
    5249    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "interval": False}
    5250
    5251
    5252class Greatest(Func):
    5253    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5254    is_var_len_args = True
    5255
    5256
    5257class GroupConcat(AggFunc):
    5258    arg_types = {"this": True, "separator": False}
    5259
    5260
    5261class Hex(Func):
    5262    pass
    5263
    5264
    5265class LowerHex(Hex):
    5266    pass
    5267
    5268
    5269class Xor(Connector, Func):
    5270    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False, "expressions": False}
    5271
    5272
    5273class If(Func):
    5274    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    5275    _sql_names = ["IF", "IIF"]
    5276
    5277
    5278class Nullif(Func):
    5279    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5280
    5281
    5282class Initcap(Func):
    5283    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5284
    5285
    5286class IsNan(Func):
    5287    _sql_names = ["IS_NAN", "ISNAN"]
    5288
    5289
    5290class IsInf(Func):
    5291    _sql_names = ["IS_INF", "ISINF"]
    5292
    5293
    5294class JSONPath(Expression):
    5295    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5296
    5297    @property
    5298    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5299        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5300        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""
    5301
    5302
    5303class JSONPathPart(Expression):
    5304    arg_types = {}
    5305
    5306
    5307class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart):
    5308    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5309
    5310
    5311class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart):
    5312    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5313
    5314
    5315class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart):
    5316    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5317
    5318
    5319class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart):
    5320    pass
    5321
    5322
    5323class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart):
    5324    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5325
    5326
    5327class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart):
    5328    arg_types = {"start": False, "end": False, "step": False}
    5329
    5330
    5331class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart):
    5332    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5333
    5334
    5335class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart):
    5336    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5337
    5338
    5339class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart):
    5340    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5341
    5342
    5343class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart):
    5344    pass
    5345
    5346
    5347class FormatJson(Expression):
    5348    pass
    5349
    5350
    5351class JSONKeyValue(Expression):
    5352    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5353
    5354
    5355class JSONObject(Func):
    5356    arg_types = {
    5357        "expressions": False,
    5358        "null_handling": False,
    5359        "unique_keys": False,
    5360        "return_type": False,
    5361        "encoding": False,
    5362    }
    5363
    5364
    5365class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc):
    5366    arg_types = {
    5367        "expressions": False,
    5368        "null_handling": False,
    5369        "unique_keys": False,
    5370        "return_type": False,
    5371        "encoding": False,
    5372    }
    5373
    5374
    5375# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_ARRAY.html
    5376class JSONArray(Func):
    5377    arg_types = {
    5378        "expressions": True,
    5379        "null_handling": False,
    5380        "return_type": False,
    5381        "strict": False,
    5382    }
    5383
    5384
    5385# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_ARRAYAGG.html
    5386class JSONArrayAgg(Func):
    5387    arg_types = {
    5388        "this": True,
    5389        "order": False,
    5390        "null_handling": False,
    5391        "return_type": False,
    5392        "strict": False,
    5393    }
    5394
    5395
    5396# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_TABLE.html
    5397# Note: parsing of JSON column definitions is currently incomplete.
    5398class JSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5399    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False, "path": False, "nested_schema": False}
    5400
    5401
    5402class JSONSchema(Expression):
    5403    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5404
    5405
    5406# # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_TABLE.html
    5407class JSONTable(Func):
    5408    arg_types = {
    5409        "this": True,
    5410        "schema": True,
    5411        "path": False,
    5412        "error_handling": False,
    5413        "empty_handling": False,
    5414    }
    5415
    5416
    5417class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5418    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "path": False, "as_json": False}
    5419
    5420
    5421class OpenJSON(Func):
    5422    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": False, "expressions": False}
    5423
    5424
    5425class JSONBContains(Binary):
    5426    _sql_names = ["JSONB_CONTAINS"]
    5427
    5428
    5429class JSONExtract(Binary, Func):
    5430    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "only_json_types": False, "expressions": False}
    5431    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT"]
    5432    is_var_len_args = True
    5433
    5434    @property
    5435    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5436        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""
    5437
    5438
    5439class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    5440    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "only_json_types": False, "expressions": False}
    5441    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    5442    is_var_len_args = True
    5443
    5444    @property
    5445    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5446        return self.expression.output_name
    5447
    5448
    5449class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func):
    5450    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT"]
    5451
    5452
    5453class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    5454    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    5455
    5456
    5457class JSONFormat(Func):
    5458    arg_types = {"this": False, "options": False}
    5459    _sql_names = ["JSON_FORMAT"]
    5460
    5461
    5462# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#operator_member-of
    5463class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func):
    5464    _sql_names = ["JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS"]
    5465
    5466
    5467class ParseJSON(Func):
    5468    # BigQuery, Snowflake have PARSE_JSON, Presto has JSON_PARSE
    5469    _sql_names = ["PARSE_JSON", "JSON_PARSE"]
    5470    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5471    is_var_len_args = True
    5472
    5473
    5474class Least(Func):
    5475    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5476    is_var_len_args = True
    5477
    5478
    5479class Left(Func):
    5480    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5481
    5482
    5483class Right(Func):
    5484    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5485
    5486
    5487class Length(Func):
    5488    _sql_names = ["LENGTH", "LEN"]
    5489
    5490
    5491class Levenshtein(Func):
    5492    arg_types = {
    5493        "this": True,
    5494        "expression": False,
    5495        "ins_cost": False,
    5496        "del_cost": False,
    5497        "sub_cost": False,
    5498    }
    5499
    5500
    5501class Ln(Func):
    5502    pass
    5503
    5504
    5505class Log(Func):
    5506    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5507
    5508
    5509class LogicalOr(AggFunc):
    5510    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_OR", "BOOL_OR", "BOOLOR_AGG"]
    5511
    5512
    5513class LogicalAnd(AggFunc):
    5514    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_AND", "BOOL_AND", "BOOLAND_AGG"]
    5515
    5516
    5517class Lower(Func):
    5518    _sql_names = ["LOWER", "LCASE"]
    5519
    5520
    5521class Map(Func):
    5522    arg_types = {"keys": False, "values": False}
    5523
    5524    @property
    5525    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5526        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    5527        return keys.expressions if keys else []
    5528
    5529    @property
    5530    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5531        values = self.args.get("values")
    5532        return values.expressions if values else []
    5533
    5534
    5535# Represents the MAP {...} syntax in DuckDB - basically convert a struct to a MAP
    5536class ToMap(Func):
    5537    pass
    5538
    5539
    5540class MapFromEntries(Func):
    5541    pass
    5542
    5543
    5544class StarMap(Func):
    5545    pass
    5546
    5547
    5548class VarMap(Func):
    5549    arg_types = {"keys": True, "values": True}
    5550    is_var_len_args = True
    5551
    5552    @property
    5553    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5554        return self.args["keys"].expressions
    5555
    5556    @property
    5557    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5558        return self.args["values"].expressions
    5559
    5560
    5561# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/fulltext-search.html
    5562class MatchAgainst(Func):
    5563    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "modifier": False}
    5564
    5565
    5566class Max(AggFunc):
    5567    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5568    is_var_len_args = True
    5569
    5570
    5571class MD5(Func):
    5572    _sql_names = ["MD5"]
    5573
    5574
    5575# Represents the variant of the MD5 function that returns a binary value
    5576class MD5Digest(Func):
    5577    _sql_names = ["MD5_DIGEST"]
    5578
    5579
    5580class Min(AggFunc):
    5581    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5582    is_var_len_args = True
    5583
    5584
    5585class Month(Func):
    5586    pass
    5587
    5588
    5589class AddMonths(Func):
    5590    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5591
    5592
    5593class Nvl2(Func):
    5594    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    5595
    5596
    5597# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/bigqueryml-syntax-predict#mlpredict_function
    5598class Predict(Func):
    5599    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "params_struct": False}
    5600
    5601
    5602class Pow(Binary, Func):
    5603    _sql_names = ["POWER", "POW"]
    5604
    5605
    5606class PercentileCont(AggFunc):
    5607    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5608
    5609
    5610class PercentileDisc(AggFunc):
    5611    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5612
    5613
    5614class Quantile(AggFunc):
    5615    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True}
    5616
    5617
    5618class ApproxQuantile(Quantile):
    5619    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True, "accuracy": False, "weight": False}
    5620
    5621
    5622class Quarter(Func):
    5623    pass
    5624
    5625
    5626class Rand(Func):
    5627    _sql_names = ["RAND", "RANDOM"]
    5628    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5629
    5630
    5631class Randn(Func):
    5632    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5633
    5634
    5635class RangeN(Func):
    5636    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "each": False}
    5637
    5638
    5639class ReadCSV(Func):
    5640    _sql_names = ["READ_CSV"]
    5641    is_var_len_args = True
    5642    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5643
    5644
    5645class Reduce(Func):
    5646    arg_types = {"this": True, "initial": True, "merge": True, "finish": False}
    5647
    5648
    5649class RegexpExtract(Func):
    5650    arg_types = {
    5651        "this": True,
    5652        "expression": True,
    5653        "position": False,
    5654        "occurrence": False,
    5655        "parameters": False,
    5656        "group": False,
    5657    }
    5658
    5659
    5660class RegexpReplace(Func):
    5661    arg_types = {
    5662        "this": True,
    5663        "expression": True,
    5664        "replacement": False,
    5665        "position": False,
    5666        "occurrence": False,
    5667        "modifiers": False,
    5668    }
    5669
    5670
    5671class RegexpLike(Binary, Func):
    5672    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}
    5673
    5674
    5675class RegexpILike(Binary, Func):
    5676    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}
    5677
    5678
    5679# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/python/reference/pyspark.sql/api/pyspark.sql.functions.split.html
    5680# limit is the number of times a pattern is applied
    5681class RegexpSplit(Func):
    5682    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}
    5683
    5684
    5685class Repeat(Func):
    5686    arg_types = {"this": True, "times": True}
    5687
    5688
    5689# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/round-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    5690# tsql third argument function == trunctaion if not 0
    5691class Round(Func):
    5692    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False, "truncate": False}
    5693
    5694
    5695class RowNumber(Func):
    5696    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    5697
    5698
    5699class SafeDivide(Func):
    5700    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5701
    5702
    5703class SHA(Func):
    5704    _sql_names = ["SHA", "SHA1"]
    5705
    5706
    5707class SHA2(Func):
    5708    _sql_names = ["SHA2"]
    5709    arg_types = {"this": True, "length": False}
    5710
    5711
    5712class Sign(Func):
    5713    _sql_names = ["SIGN", "SIGNUM"]
    5714
    5715
    5716class SortArray(Func):
    5717    arg_types = {"this": True, "asc": False}
    5718
    5719
    5720class Split(Func):
    5721    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}
    5722
    5723
    5724# Start may be omitted in the case of postgres
    5725# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/functions-string.html @ Table 9-6
    5726class Substring(Func):
    5727    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": False, "length": False}
    5728
    5729
    5730class StandardHash(Func):
    5731    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5732
    5733
    5734class StartsWith(Func):
    5735    _sql_names = ["STARTS_WITH", "STARTSWITH"]
    5736    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5737
    5738
    5739class StrPosition(Func):
    5740    arg_types = {
    5741        "this": True,
    5742        "substr": True,
    5743        "position": False,
    5744        "instance": False,
    5745    }
    5746
    5747
    5748class StrToDate(Func):
    5749    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True}
    5750
    5751
    5752class StrToTime(Func):
    5753    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "zone": False}
    5754
    5755
    5756# Spark allows unix_timestamp()
    5757# https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.1.3/api/python/reference/api/pyspark.sql.functions.unix_timestamp.html
    5758class StrToUnix(Func):
    5759    arg_types = {"this": False, "format": False}
    5760
    5761
    5762# https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/string.html
    5763# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/index.html#str_to_map
    5764class StrToMap(Func):
    5765    arg_types = {
    5766        "this": True,
    5767        "pair_delim": False,
    5768        "key_value_delim": False,
    5769        "duplicate_resolution_callback": False,
    5770    }
    5771
    5772
    5773class NumberToStr(Func):
    5774    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False}
    5775
    5776
    5777class FromBase(Func):
    5778    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5779
    5780
    5781class Struct(Func):
    5782    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    5783    is_var_len_args = True
    5784
    5785
    5786class StructExtract(Func):
    5787    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5788
    5789
    5790# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/stuff-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    5791# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/insert
    5792class Stuff(Func):
    5793    _sql_names = ["STUFF", "INSERT"]
    5794    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": True, "length": True, "expression": True}
    5795
    5796
    5797class Sum(AggFunc):
    5798    pass
    5799
    5800
    5801class Sqrt(Func):
    5802    pass
    5803
    5804
    5805class Stddev(AggFunc):
    5806    pass
    5807
    5808
    5809class StddevPop(AggFunc):
    5810    pass
    5811
    5812
    5813class StddevSamp(AggFunc):
    5814    pass
    5815
    5816
    5817class TimeToStr(Func):
    5818    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False, "timezone": False}
    5819
    5820
    5821class TimeToTimeStr(Func):
    5822    pass
    5823
    5824
    5825class TimeToUnix(Func):
    5826    pass
    5827
    5828
    5829class TimeStrToDate(Func):
    5830    pass
    5831
    5832
    5833class TimeStrToTime(Func):
    5834    pass
    5835
    5836
    5837class TimeStrToUnix(Func):
    5838    pass
    5839
    5840
    5841class Trim(Func):
    5842    arg_types = {
    5843        "this": True,
    5844        "expression": False,
    5845        "position": False,
    5846        "collation": False,
    5847    }
    5848
    5849
    5850class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5851    # return_type is used to correctly cast the arguments of this expression when transpiling it
    5852    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False, "return_type": False}
    5853
    5854    @property
    5855    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    5856        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)
    5857
    5858
    5859class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5860    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5861
    5862
    5863class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func):
    5864    pass
    5865
    5866
    5867class TsOrDsToDate(Func):
    5868    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}
    5869
    5870
    5871class TsOrDsToTime(Func):
    5872    pass
    5873
    5874
    5875class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func):
    5876    pass
    5877
    5878
    5879class TsOrDiToDi(Func):
    5880    pass
    5881
    5882
    5883class Unhex(Func):
    5884    pass
    5885
    5886
    5887# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/date_functions#unix_date
    5888class UnixDate(Func):
    5889    pass
    5890
    5891
    5892class UnixToStr(Func):
    5893    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False}
    5894
    5895
    5896# https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/datetime.html
    5897# presto has weird zone/hours/minutes
    5898class UnixToTime(Func):
    5899    arg_types = {
    5900        "this": True,
    5901        "scale": False,
    5902        "zone": False,
    5903        "hours": False,
    5904        "minutes": False,
    5905        "format": False,
    5906    }
    5907
    5908    SECONDS = Literal.number(0)
    5909    DECIS = Literal.number(1)
    5910    CENTIS = Literal.number(2)
    5911    MILLIS = Literal.number(3)
    5912    DECIMILLIS = Literal.number(4)
    5913    CENTIMILLIS = Literal.number(5)
    5914    MICROS = Literal.number(6)
    5915    DECIMICROS = Literal.number(7)
    5916    CENTIMICROS = Literal.number(8)
    5917    NANOS = Literal.number(9)
    5918
    5919
    5920class UnixToTimeStr(Func):
    5921    pass
    5922
    5923
    5924class TimestampFromParts(Func):
    5925    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS"]
    5926    arg_types = {
    5927        "year": True,
    5928        "month": True,
    5929        "day": True,
    5930        "hour": True,
    5931        "min": True,
    5932        "sec": True,
    5933        "nano": False,
    5934        "zone": False,
    5935        "milli": False,
    5936    }
    5937
    5938
    5939class Upper(Func):
    5940    _sql_names = ["UPPER", "UCASE"]
    5941
    5942
    5943class Corr(Binary, AggFunc):
    5944    pass
    5945
    5946
    5947class Variance(AggFunc):
    5948    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE", "VARIANCE_SAMP", "VAR_SAMP"]
    5949
    5950
    5951class VariancePop(AggFunc):
    5952    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE_POP", "VAR_POP"]
    5953
    5954
    5955class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc):
    5956    pass
    5957
    5958
    5959class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc):
    5960    pass
    5961
    5962
    5963class Week(Func):
    5964    arg_types = {"this": True, "mode": False}
    5965
    5966
    5967class XMLTable(Func):
    5968    arg_types = {"this": True, "passing": False, "columns": False, "by_ref": False}
    5969
    5970
    5971class Year(Func):
    5972    pass
    5973
    5974
    5975class Use(Expression):
    5976    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    5977
    5978
    5979class Merge(Expression):
    5980    arg_types = {
    5981        "this": True,
    5982        "using": True,
    5983        "on": True,
    5984        "expressions": True,
    5985        "with": False,
    5986    }
    5987
    5988
    5989class When(Func):
    5990    arg_types = {"matched": True, "source": False, "condition": False, "then": True}
    5991
    5992
    5993# https://docs.oracle.com/javadb/10.8.3.0/ref/rrefsqljnextvaluefor.html
    5994# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/next-value-for-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    5995class NextValueFor(Func):
    5996    arg_types = {"this": True, "order": False}
    5997
    5998
    5999# Refers to a trailing semi-colon. This is only used to preserve trailing comments
    6000# select 1; -- my comment
    6001class Semicolon(Expression):
    6002    arg_types = {}
    6003
    6004
    6005def _norm_arg(arg):
    6006    return arg.lower() if type(arg) is str else arg
    6007
    6008
    6009ALL_FUNCTIONS = subclasses(__name__, Func, (AggFunc, Anonymous, Func))
    6010FUNCTION_BY_NAME = {name: func for func in ALL_FUNCTIONS for name in func.sql_names()}
    6011
    6012JSON_PATH_PARTS = subclasses(__name__, JSONPathPart, (JSONPathPart,))
    6013
    6014PERCENTILES = (PercentileCont, PercentileDisc)
    6015
    6016
    6017# Helpers
    6018@t.overload
    6019def maybe_parse(
    6020    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6021    *,
    6022    into: t.Type[E],
    6023    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6024    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6025    copy: bool = False,
    6026    **opts,
    6027) -> E: ...
    6028
    6029
    6030@t.overload
    6031def maybe_parse(
    6032    sql_or_expression: str | E,
    6033    *,
    6034    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6035    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6036    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6037    copy: bool = False,
    6038    **opts,
    6039) -> E: ...
    6040
    6041
    6042def maybe_parse(
    6043    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6044    *,
    6045    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6046    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6047    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6048    copy: bool = False,
    6049    **opts,
    6050) -> Expression:
    6051    """Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.
    6052
    6053    Example:
    6054        >>> maybe_parse("1")
    6055        Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
    6056        >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
    6057        Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)
    6058
    6059    Args:
    6060        sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
    6061        into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
    6062        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6063            input expression is a SQL string).
    6064        prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed
    6065            (automatically includes a space)
    6066        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6067        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6068            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6069
    6070    Returns:
    6071        Expression: the parsed or given expression.
    6072    """
    6073    if isinstance(sql_or_expression, Expression):
    6074        if copy:
    6075            return sql_or_expression.copy()
    6076        return sql_or_expression
    6077
    6078    if sql_or_expression is None:
    6079        raise ParseError("SQL cannot be None")
    6080
    6081    import sqlglot
    6082
    6083    sql = str(sql_or_expression)
    6084    if prefix:
    6085        sql = f"{prefix} {sql}"
    6086
    6087    return sqlglot.parse_one(sql, read=dialect, into=into, **opts)
    6088
    6089
    6090@t.overload
    6091def maybe_copy(instance: None, copy: bool = True) -> None: ...
    6092
    6093
    6094@t.overload
    6095def maybe_copy(instance: E, copy: bool = True) -> E: ...
    6096
    6097
    6098def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True):
    6099    return instance.copy() if copy and instance else instance
    6100
    6101
    6102def _to_s(node: t.Any, verbose: bool = False, level: int = 0) -> str:
    6103    """Generate a textual representation of an Expression tree"""
    6104    indent = "\n" + ("  " * (level + 1))
    6105    delim = f",{indent}"
    6106
    6107    if isinstance(node, Expression):
    6108        args = {k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if (v is not None and v != []) or verbose}
    6109
    6110        if (node.type or verbose) and not isinstance(node, DataType):
    6111            args["_type"] = node.type
    6112        if node.comments or verbose:
    6113            args["_comments"] = node.comments
    6114
    6115        if verbose:
    6116            args["_id"] = id(node)
    6117
    6118        # Inline leaves for a more compact representation
    6119        if node.is_leaf():
    6120            indent = ""
    6121            delim = ", "
    6122
    6123        items = delim.join([f"{k}={_to_s(v, verbose, level + 1)}" for k, v in args.items()])
    6124        return f"{node.__class__.__name__}({indent}{items})"
    6125
    6126    if isinstance(node, list):
    6127        items = delim.join(_to_s(i, verbose, level + 1) for i in node)
    6128        items = f"{indent}{items}" if items else ""
    6129        return f"[{items}]"
    6130
    6131    # Indent multiline strings to match the current level
    6132    return indent.join(textwrap.dedent(str(node).strip("\n")).splitlines())
    6133
    6134
    6135def _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6136    return isinstance(expression, Expression) and not isinstance(expression, into)
    6137
    6138
    6139def _apply_builder(
    6140    expression,
    6141    instance,
    6142    arg,
    6143    copy=True,
    6144    prefix=None,
    6145    into=None,
    6146    dialect=None,
    6147    into_arg="this",
    6148    **opts,
    6149):
    6150    if _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6151        expression = into(**{into_arg: expression})
    6152    instance = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6153    expression = maybe_parse(
    6154        sql_or_expression=expression,
    6155        prefix=prefix,
    6156        into=into,
    6157        dialect=dialect,
    6158        **opts,
    6159    )
    6160    instance.set(arg, expression)
    6161    return instance
    6162
    6163
    6164def _apply_child_list_builder(
    6165    *expressions,
    6166    instance,
    6167    arg,
    6168    append=True,
    6169    copy=True,
    6170    prefix=None,
    6171    into=None,
    6172    dialect=None,
    6173    properties=None,
    6174    **opts,
    6175):
    6176    instance = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6177    parsed = []
    6178    for expression in expressions:
    6179        if expression is not None:
    6180            if _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6181                expression = into(expressions=[expression])
    6182
    6183            expression = maybe_parse(
    6184                expression,
    6185                into=into,
    6186                dialect=dialect,
    6187                prefix=prefix,
    6188                **opts,
    6189            )
    6190            parsed.extend(expression.expressions)
    6191
    6192    existing = instance.args.get(arg)
    6193    if append and existing:
    6194        parsed = existing.expressions + parsed
    6195
    6196    child = into(expressions=parsed)
    6197    for k, v in (properties or {}).items():
    6198        child.set(k, v)
    6199    instance.set(arg, child)
    6200
    6201    return instance
    6202
    6203
    6204def _apply_list_builder(
    6205    *expressions,
    6206    instance,
    6207    arg,
    6208    append=True,
    6209    copy=True,
    6210    prefix=None,
    6211    into=None,
    6212    dialect=None,
    6213    **opts,
    6214):
    6215    inst = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6216
    6217    expressions = [
    6218        maybe_parse(
    6219            sql_or_expression=expression,
    6220            into=into,
    6221            prefix=prefix,
    6222            dialect=dialect,
    6223            **opts,
    6224        )
    6225        for expression in expressions
    6226        if expression is not None
    6227    ]
    6228
    6229    existing_expressions = inst.args.get(arg)
    6230    if append and existing_expressions:
    6231        expressions = existing_expressions + expressions
    6232
    6233    inst.set(arg, expressions)
    6234    return inst
    6235
    6236
    6237def _apply_conjunction_builder(
    6238    *expressions,
    6239    instance,
    6240    arg,
    6241    into=None,
    6242    append=True,
    6243    copy=True,
    6244    dialect=None,
    6245    **opts,
    6246):
    6247    expressions = [exp for exp in expressions if exp is not None and exp != ""]
    6248    if not expressions:
    6249        return instance
    6250
    6251    inst = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6252
    6253    existing = inst.args.get(arg)
    6254    if append and existing is not None:
    6255        expressions = [existing.this if into else existing] + list(expressions)
    6256
    6257    node = and_(*expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6258
    6259    inst.set(arg, into(this=node) if into else node)
    6260    return inst
    6261
    6262
    6263def _apply_cte_builder(
    6264    instance: E,
    6265    alias: ExpOrStr,
    6266    as_: ExpOrStr,
    6267    recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6268    append: bool = True,
    6269    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6270    copy: bool = True,
    6271    **opts,
    6272) -> E:
    6273    alias_expression = maybe_parse(alias, dialect=dialect, into=TableAlias, **opts)
    6274    as_expression = maybe_parse(as_, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    6275    cte = CTE(this=as_expression, alias=alias_expression)
    6276    return _apply_child_list_builder(
    6277        cte,
    6278        instance=instance,
    6279        arg="with",
    6280        append=append,
    6281        copy=copy,
    6282        into=With,
    6283        properties={"recursive": recursive or False},
    6284    )
    6285
    6286
    6287def _combine(
    6288    expressions: t.Sequence[t.Optional[ExpOrStr]],
    6289    operator: t.Type[Connector],
    6290    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6291    copy: bool = True,
    6292    **opts,
    6293) -> Expression:
    6294    conditions = [
    6295        condition(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6296        for expression in expressions
    6297        if expression is not None
    6298    ]
    6299
    6300    this, *rest = conditions
    6301    if rest:
    6302        this = _wrap(this, Connector)
    6303    for expression in rest:
    6304        this = operator(this=this, expression=_wrap(expression, Connector))
    6305
    6306    return this
    6307
    6308
    6309def _wrap(expression: E, kind: t.Type[Expression]) -> E | Paren:
    6310    return Paren(this=expression) if isinstance(expression, kind) else expression
    6311
    6312
    6313def union(
    6314    left: ExpOrStr,
    6315    right: ExpOrStr,
    6316    distinct: bool = True,
    6317    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6318    copy: bool = True,
    6319    **opts,
    6320) -> Union:
    6321    """
    6322    Initializes a syntax tree from one UNION expression.
    6323
    6324    Example:
    6325        >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6326        'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    6327
    6328    Args:
    6329        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6330            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6331        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6332            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6333        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6334        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6335        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6336        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6337
    6338    Returns:
    6339        The new Union instance.
    6340    """
    6341    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6342    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6343
    6344    return Union(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)
    6345
    6346
    6347def intersect(
    6348    left: ExpOrStr,
    6349    right: ExpOrStr,
    6350    distinct: bool = True,
    6351    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6352    copy: bool = True,
    6353    **opts,
    6354) -> Intersect:
    6355    """
    6356    Initializes a syntax tree from one INTERSECT expression.
    6357
    6358    Example:
    6359        >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6360        'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    6361
    6362    Args:
    6363        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6364            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6365        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6366            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6367        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6368        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6369        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6370        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6371
    6372    Returns:
    6373        The new Intersect instance.
    6374    """
    6375    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6376    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6377
    6378    return Intersect(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)
    6379
    6380
    6381def except_(
    6382    left: ExpOrStr,
    6383    right: ExpOrStr,
    6384    distinct: bool = True,
    6385    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6386    copy: bool = True,
    6387    **opts,
    6388) -> Except:
    6389    """
    6390    Initializes a syntax tree from one EXCEPT expression.
    6391
    6392    Example:
    6393        >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6394        'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    6395
    6396    Args:
    6397        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6398            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6399        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6400            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6401        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6402        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6403        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6404        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6405
    6406    Returns:
    6407        The new Except instance.
    6408    """
    6409    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6410    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6411
    6412    return Except(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)
    6413
    6414
    6415def select(*expressions: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    6416    """
    6417    Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.
    6418
    6419    Example:
    6420        >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
    6421        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    6422
    6423    Args:
    6424        *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a
    6425            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6426        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6427            input expression is a SQL string).
    6428        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6429            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6430
    6431    Returns:
    6432        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    6433    """
    6434    return Select().select(*expressions, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    6435
    6436
    6437def from_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    6438    """
    6439    Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.
    6440
    6441    Example:
    6442        >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
    6443        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    6444
    6445    Args:
    6446        *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a
    6447            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6448        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    6449            input expression is a SQL string).
    6450        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6451            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    6452
    6453    Returns:
    6454        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    6455    """
    6456    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    6457
    6458
    6459def update(
    6460    table: str | Table,
    6461    properties: dict,
    6462    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6463    from_: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6464    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6465    **opts,
    6466) -> Update:
    6467    """
    6468    Creates an update statement.
    6469
    6470    Example:
    6471        >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz", where="id > 1").sql()
    6472        "UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz WHERE id > 1"
    6473
    6474    Args:
    6475        *properties: dictionary of properties to set which are
    6476            auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
    6477        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    6478        from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
    6479        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6480        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6481
    6482    Returns:
    6483        Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.
    6484    """
    6485    update_expr = Update(this=maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect))
    6486    update_expr.set(
    6487        "expressions",
    6488        [
    6489            EQ(this=maybe_parse(k, dialect=dialect, **opts), expression=convert(v))
    6490            for k, v in properties.items()
    6491        ],
    6492    )
    6493    if from_:
    6494        update_expr.set(
    6495            "from",
    6496            maybe_parse(from_, into=From, dialect=dialect, prefix="FROM", **opts),
    6497        )
    6498    if isinstance(where, Condition):
    6499        where = Where(this=where)
    6500    if where:
    6501        update_expr.set(
    6502            "where",
    6503            maybe_parse(where, into=Where, dialect=dialect, prefix="WHERE", **opts),
    6504        )
    6505    return update_expr
    6506
    6507
    6508def delete(
    6509    table: ExpOrStr,
    6510    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6511    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6512    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6513    **opts,
    6514) -> Delete:
    6515    """
    6516    Builds a delete statement.
    6517
    6518    Example:
    6519        >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
    6520        'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'
    6521
    6522    Args:
    6523        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    6524        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    6525        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6526        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6527
    6528    Returns:
    6529        Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.
    6530    """
    6531    delete_expr = Delete().delete(table, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6532    if where:
    6533        delete_expr = delete_expr.where(where, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6534    if returning:
    6535        delete_expr = t.cast(
    6536            Delete, delete_expr.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6537        )
    6538    return delete_expr
    6539
    6540
    6541def insert(
    6542    expression: ExpOrStr,
    6543    into: ExpOrStr,
    6544    columns: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None,
    6545    overwrite: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6546    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6547    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6548    copy: bool = True,
    6549    **opts,
    6550) -> Insert:
    6551    """
    6552    Builds an INSERT statement.
    6553
    6554    Example:
    6555        >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
    6556        'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'
    6557
    6558    Args:
    6559        expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
    6560        into: the tbl to insert data to.
    6561        columns: optionally the table's column names.
    6562        overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
    6563        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    6564        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6565        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6566        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6567
    6568    Returns:
    6569        Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.
    6570    """
    6571    expr = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6572    this: Table | Schema = maybe_parse(into, into=Table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6573
    6574    if columns:
    6575        this = Schema(this=this, expressions=[to_identifier(c, copy=copy) for c in columns])
    6576
    6577    insert = Insert(this=this, expression=expr, overwrite=overwrite)
    6578
    6579    if returning:
    6580        insert = t.cast(Insert, insert.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts))
    6581
    6582    return insert
    6583
    6584
    6585def condition(
    6586    expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6587) -> Condition:
    6588    """
    6589    Initialize a logical condition expression.
    6590
    6591    Example:
    6592        >>> condition("x=1").sql()
    6593        'x = 1'
    6594
    6595        This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:
    6596        >>> where = condition("x=1")
    6597        >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
    6598        >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
    6599        'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'
    6600
    6601    Args:
    6602        *expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    6603            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6604        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    6605            input expression is a SQL string).
    6606        copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
    6607        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6608            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    6609
    6610    Returns:
    6611        The new Condition instance
    6612    """
    6613    return maybe_parse(
    6614        expression,
    6615        into=Condition,
    6616        dialect=dialect,
    6617        copy=copy,
    6618        **opts,
    6619    )
    6620
    6621
    6622def and_(
    6623    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6624) -> Condition:
    6625    """
    6626    Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.
    6627
    6628    Example:
    6629        >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    6630        'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'
    6631
    6632    Args:
    6633        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6634            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6635        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6636        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    6637        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6638
    6639    Returns:
    6640        The new condition
    6641    """
    6642    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, And, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))
    6643
    6644
    6645def or_(
    6646    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6647) -> Condition:
    6648    """
    6649    Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.
    6650
    6651    Example:
    6652        >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    6653        'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'
    6654
    6655    Args:
    6656        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6657            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6658        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6659        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    6660        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6661
    6662    Returns:
    6663        The new condition
    6664    """
    6665    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Or, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))
    6666
    6667
    6668def xor(
    6669    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6670) -> Condition:
    6671    """
    6672    Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.
    6673
    6674    Example:
    6675        >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    6676        'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'
    6677
    6678    Args:
    6679        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6680            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6681        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6682        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    6683        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6684
    6685    Returns:
    6686        The new condition
    6687    """
    6688    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Xor, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))
    6689
    6690
    6691def not_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not:
    6692    """
    6693    Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.
    6694
    6695    Example:
    6696        >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
    6697        "NOT this_suit = 'black'"
    6698
    6699    Args:
    6700        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    6701            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6702        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6703        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    6704        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6705
    6706    Returns:
    6707        The new condition.
    6708    """
    6709    this = condition(
    6710        expression,
    6711        dialect=dialect,
    6712        copy=copy,
    6713        **opts,
    6714    )
    6715    return Not(this=_wrap(this, Connector))
    6716
    6717
    6718def paren(expression: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True) -> Paren:
    6719    """
    6720    Wrap an expression in parentheses.
    6721
    6722    Example:
    6723        >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
    6724        '(5 + 3)'
    6725
    6726    Args:
    6727        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    6728            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6729        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    6730
    6731    Returns:
    6732        The wrapped expression.
    6733    """
    6734    return Paren(this=maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy))
    6735
    6736
    6737SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE: t.Pattern[str] = re.compile(r"^[_a-zA-Z][\w]*$")
    6738
    6739
    6740@t.overload
    6741def to_identifier(name: None, quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None, copy: bool = True) -> None: ...
    6742
    6743
    6744@t.overload
    6745def to_identifier(
    6746    name: str | Identifier, quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None, copy: bool = True
    6747) -> Identifier: ...
    6748
    6749
    6750def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True):
    6751    """Builds an identifier.
    6752
    6753    Args:
    6754        name: The name to turn into an identifier.
    6755        quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
    6756        copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.
    6757
    6758    Returns:
    6759        The identifier ast node.
    6760    """
    6761
    6762    if name is None:
    6763        return None
    6764
    6765    if isinstance(name, Identifier):
    6766        identifier = maybe_copy(name, copy)
    6767    elif isinstance(name, str):
    6768        identifier = Identifier(
    6769            this=name,
    6770            quoted=not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(name) if quoted is None else quoted,
    6771        )
    6772    else:
    6773        raise ValueError(f"Name needs to be a string or an Identifier, got: {name.__class__}")
    6774    return identifier
    6775
    6776
    6777def parse_identifier(name: str | Identifier, dialect: DialectType = None) -> Identifier:
    6778    """
    6779    Parses a given string into an identifier.
    6780
    6781    Args:
    6782        name: The name to parse into an identifier.
    6783        dialect: The dialect to parse against.
    6784
    6785    Returns:
    6786        The identifier ast node.
    6787    """
    6788    try:
    6789        expression = maybe_parse(name, dialect=dialect, into=Identifier)
    6790    except ParseError:
    6791        expression = to_identifier(name)
    6792
    6793    return expression
    6794
    6795
    6796INTERVAL_STRING_RE = re.compile(r"\s*([0-9]+)\s*([a-zA-Z]+)\s*")
    6797
    6798
    6799def to_interval(interval: str | Literal) -> Interval:
    6800    """Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'."""
    6801    if isinstance(interval, Literal):
    6802        if not interval.is_string:
    6803            raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    6804
    6805        interval = interval.this
    6806
    6807    interval_parts = INTERVAL_STRING_RE.match(interval)  # type: ignore
    6808
    6809    if not interval_parts:
    6810        raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    6811
    6812    return Interval(
    6813        this=Literal.string(interval_parts.group(1)),
    6814        unit=Var(this=interval_parts.group(2).upper()),
    6815    )
    6816
    6817
    6818def to_table(
    6819    sql_path: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs
    6820) -> Table:
    6821    """
    6822    Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional.
    6823    If a table is passed in then that table is returned.
    6824
    6825    Args:
    6826        sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
    6827        dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
    6828        copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
    6829        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.
    6830
    6831    Returns:
    6832        A table expression.
    6833    """
    6834    if isinstance(sql_path, Table):
    6835        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    6836
    6837    table = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    6838
    6839    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    6840        table.set(k, v)
    6841
    6842    return table
    6843
    6844
    6845def to_column(
    6846    sql_path: str | Column,
    6847    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6848    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6849    copy: bool = True,
    6850    **kwargs,
    6851) -> Column:
    6852    """
    6853    Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional.
    6854    If a column is passed in then that column is returned.
    6855
    6856    Args:
    6857        sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
    6858        quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
    6859        dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
    6860        copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
    6861        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.
    6862
    6863    Returns:
    6864        A column expression.
    6865    """
    6866    if isinstance(sql_path, Column):
    6867        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    6868
    6869    try:
    6870        col = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Column, dialect=dialect)
    6871    except ParseError:
    6872        return column(*reversed(sql_path.split(".")), quoted=quoted, **kwargs)
    6873
    6874    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    6875        col.set(k, v)
    6876
    6877    if quoted:
    6878        for i in col.find_all(Identifier):
    6879            i.set("quoted", True)
    6880
    6881    return col
    6882
    6883
    6884def alias_(
    6885    expression: ExpOrStr,
    6886    alias: t.Optional[str | Identifier],
    6887    table: bool | t.Sequence[str | Identifier] = False,
    6888    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6889    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6890    copy: bool = True,
    6891    **opts,
    6892):
    6893    """Create an Alias expression.
    6894
    6895    Example:
    6896        >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
    6897        'foo AS bar'
    6898
    6899        >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
    6900        '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'
    6901
    6902    Args:
    6903        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6904            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6905        alias: the alias name to use. If the name has
    6906            special characters it is quoted.
    6907        table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
    6908        quoted: whether to quote the alias
    6909        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6910        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    6911        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6912
    6913    Returns:
    6914        Alias: the aliased expression
    6915    """
    6916    exp = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6917    alias = to_identifier(alias, quoted=quoted)
    6918
    6919    if table:
    6920        table_alias = TableAlias(this=alias)
    6921        exp.set("alias", table_alias)
    6922
    6923        if not isinstance(table, bool):
    6924            for column in table:
    6925                table_alias.append("columns", to_identifier(column, quoted=quoted))
    6926
    6927        return exp
    6928
    6929    # We don't set the "alias" arg for Window expressions, because that would add an IDENTIFIER node in
    6930    # the AST, representing a "named_window" [1] construct (eg. bigquery). What we want is an ALIAS node
    6931    # for the complete Window expression.
    6932    #
    6933    # [1]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/window-function-calls
    6934
    6935    if "alias" in exp.arg_types and not isinstance(exp, Window):
    6936        exp.set("alias", alias)
    6937        return exp
    6938    return Alias(this=exp, alias=alias)
    6939
    6940
    6941def subquery(
    6942    expression: ExpOrStr,
    6943    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    6944    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6945    **opts,
    6946) -> Select:
    6947    """
    6948    Build a subquery expression that's selected from.
    6949
    6950    Example:
    6951        >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
    6952        'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'
    6953
    6954    Args:
    6955        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6956            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6957        alias: the alias name to use.
    6958        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6959        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6960
    6961    Returns:
    6962        A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.
    6963    """
    6964
    6965    expression = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts).subquery(alias, **opts)
    6966    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    6967
    6968
    6969@t.overload
    6970def column(
    6971    col: str | Identifier,
    6972    table: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    6973    db: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    6974    catalog: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    6975    *,
    6976    fields: t.Collection[t.Union[str, Identifier]],
    6977    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6978    copy: bool = True,
    6979) -> Dot:
    6980    pass
    6981
    6982
    6983@t.overload
    6984def column(
    6985    col: str | Identifier,
    6986    table: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    6987    db: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    6988    catalog: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    6989    *,
    6990    fields: Lit[None] = None,
    6991    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6992    copy: bool = True,
    6993) -> Column:
    6994    pass
    6995
    6996
    6997def column(
    6998    col,
    6999    table=None,
    7000    db=None,
    7001    catalog=None,
    7002    *,
    7003    fields=None,
    7004    quoted=None,
    7005    copy=True,
    7006):
    7007    """
    7008    Build a Column.
    7009
    7010    Args:
    7011        col: Column name.
    7012        table: Table name.
    7013        db: Database name.
    7014        catalog: Catalog name.
    7015        fields: Additional fields using dots.
    7016        quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
    7017        copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.
    7018
    7019    Returns:
    7020        The new Column instance.
    7021    """
    7022    this = Column(
    7023        this=to_identifier(col, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7024        table=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7025        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7026        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7027    )
    7028
    7029    if fields:
    7030        this = Dot.build(
    7031            (this, *(to_identifier(field, quoted=quoted, copy=copy) for field in fields))
    7032        )
    7033    return this
    7034
    7035
    7036def cast(expression: ExpOrStr, to: DATA_TYPE, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Cast:
    7037    """Cast an expression to a data type.
    7038
    7039    Example:
    7040        >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
    7041        'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'
    7042
    7043    Args:
    7044        expression: The expression to cast.
    7045        to: The datatype to cast to.
    7046        copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.
    7047
    7048    Returns:
    7049        The new Cast instance.
    7050    """
    7051    expr = maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, **opts)
    7052    data_type = DataType.build(to, copy=copy, **opts)
    7053
    7054    if expr.is_type(data_type):
    7055        return expr
    7056
    7057    expr = Cast(this=expr, to=data_type)
    7058    expr.type = data_type
    7059
    7060    return expr
    7061
    7062
    7063def table_(
    7064    table: Identifier | str,
    7065    db: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7066    catalog: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7067    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7068    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7069) -> Table:
    7070    """Build a Table.
    7071
    7072    Args:
    7073        table: Table name.
    7074        db: Database name.
    7075        catalog: Catalog name.
    7076        quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
    7077        alias: Table's alias.
    7078
    7079    Returns:
    7080        The new Table instance.
    7081    """
    7082    return Table(
    7083        this=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted) if table else None,
    7084        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted) if db else None,
    7085        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted) if catalog else None,
    7086        alias=TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None,
    7087    )
    7088
    7089
    7090def values(
    7091    values: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]],
    7092    alias: t.Optional[str] = None,
    7093    columns: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str] | t.Dict[str, DataType]] = None,
    7094) -> Values:
    7095    """Build VALUES statement.
    7096
    7097    Example:
    7098        >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
    7099        "VALUES (1, '2')"
    7100
    7101    Args:
    7102        values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
    7103        alias: optional alias
    7104        columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types.
    7105         If either are provided then an alias is also required.
    7106
    7107    Returns:
    7108        Values: the Values expression object
    7109    """
    7110    if columns and not alias:
    7111        raise ValueError("Alias is required when providing columns")
    7112
    7113    return Values(
    7114        expressions=[convert(tup) for tup in values],
    7115        alias=(
    7116            TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias), columns=[to_identifier(x) for x in columns])
    7117            if columns
    7118            else (TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None)
    7119        ),
    7120    )
    7121
    7122
    7123def var(name: t.Optional[ExpOrStr]) -> Var:
    7124    """Build a SQL variable.
    7125
    7126    Example:
    7127        >>> repr(var('x'))
    7128        'Var(this=x)'
    7129
    7130        >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
    7131        'Var(this=x)'
    7132
    7133    Args:
    7134        name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.
    7135
    7136    Returns:
    7137        The new variable node.
    7138    """
    7139    if not name:
    7140        raise ValueError("Cannot convert empty name into var.")
    7141
    7142    if isinstance(name, Expression):
    7143        name = name.name
    7144    return Var(this=name)
    7145
    7146
    7147def rename_table(
    7148    old_name: str | Table,
    7149    new_name: str | Table,
    7150    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7151) -> AlterTable:
    7152    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression
    7153
    7154    Args:
    7155        old_name: The old name of the table
    7156        new_name: The new name of the table
    7157        dialect: The dialect to parse the table.
    7158
    7159    Returns:
    7160        Alter table expression
    7161    """
    7162    old_table = to_table(old_name, dialect=dialect)
    7163    new_table = to_table(new_name, dialect=dialect)
    7164    return AlterTable(
    7165        this=old_table,
    7166        actions=[
    7167            RenameTable(this=new_table),
    7168        ],
    7169    )
    7170
    7171
    7172def rename_column(
    7173    table_name: str | Table,
    7174    old_column_name: str | Column,
    7175    new_column_name: str | Column,
    7176    exists: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7177    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7178) -> AlterTable:
    7179    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression
    7180
    7181    Args:
    7182        table_name: Name of the table
    7183        old_column: The old name of the column
    7184        new_column: The new name of the column
    7185        exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
    7186        dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.
    7187
    7188    Returns:
    7189        Alter table expression
    7190    """
    7191    table = to_table(table_name, dialect=dialect)
    7192    old_column = to_column(old_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    7193    new_column = to_column(new_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    7194    return AlterTable(
    7195        this=table,
    7196        actions=[
    7197            RenameColumn(this=old_column, to=new_column, exists=exists),
    7198        ],
    7199    )
    7200
    7201
    7202def convert(value: t.Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression:
    7203    """Convert a python value into an expression object.
    7204
    7205    Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.
    7206
    7207    Args:
    7208        value: A python object.
    7209        copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).
    7210
    7211    Returns:
    7212        The equivalent expression object.
    7213    """
    7214    if isinstance(value, Expression):
    7215        return maybe_copy(value, copy)
    7216    if isinstance(value, str):
    7217        return Literal.string(value)
    7218    if isinstance(value, bool):
    7219        return Boolean(this=value)
    7220    if value is None or (isinstance(value, float) and math.isnan(value)):
    7221        return null()
    7222    if isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
    7223        return Literal.number(value)
    7224    if isinstance(value, bytes):
    7225        return HexString(this=value.hex())
    7226    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
    7227        datetime_literal = Literal.string(
    7228            (value if value.tzinfo else value.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)).isoformat(
    7229                sep=" "
    7230            )
    7231        )
    7232        return TimeStrToTime(this=datetime_literal)
    7233    if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
    7234        date_literal = Literal.string(value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    7235        return DateStrToDate(this=date_literal)
    7236    if isinstance(value, tuple):
    7237        if hasattr(value, "_fields"):
    7238            return Struct(
    7239                expressions=[
    7240                    PropertyEQ(
    7241                        this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(getattr(value, k), copy=copy)
    7242                    )
    7243                    for k in value._fields
    7244                ]
    7245            )
    7246        return Tuple(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    7247    if isinstance(value, list):
    7248        return Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    7249    if isinstance(value, dict):
    7250        return Map(
    7251            keys=Array(expressions=[convert(k, copy=copy) for k in value]),
    7252            values=Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value.values()]),
    7253        )
    7254    if hasattr(value, "__dict__"):
    7255        return Struct(
    7256            expressions=[
    7257                PropertyEQ(this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(v, copy=copy))
    7258                for k, v in value.__dict__.items()
    7259            ]
    7260        )
    7261    raise ValueError(f"Cannot convert {value}")
    7262
    7263
    7264def replace_children(expression: Expression, fun: t.Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
    7265    """
    7266    Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.
    7267    """
    7268    for k, v in tuple(expression.args.items()):
    7269        is_list_arg = type(v) is list
    7270
    7271        child_nodes = v if is_list_arg else [v]
    7272        new_child_nodes = []
    7273
    7274        for cn in child_nodes:
    7275            if isinstance(cn, Expression):
    7276                for child_node in ensure_collection(fun(cn, *args, **kwargs)):
    7277                    new_child_nodes.append(child_node)
    7278            else:
    7279                new_child_nodes.append(cn)
    7280
    7281        expression.set(k, new_child_nodes if is_list_arg else seq_get(new_child_nodes, 0))
    7282
    7283
    7284def replace_tree(
    7285    expression: Expression,
    7286    fun: t.Callable,
    7287    prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None,
    7288) -> Expression:
    7289    """
    7290    Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.
    7291
    7292    This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first.
    7293    If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.
    7294    """
    7295    stack = list(expression.dfs(prune=prune))
    7296
    7297    while stack:
    7298        node = stack.pop()
    7299        new_node = fun(node)
    7300
    7301        if new_node is not node:
    7302            node.replace(new_node)
    7303
    7304            if isinstance(new_node, Expression):
    7305                stack.append(new_node)
    7306
    7307    return new_node
    7308
    7309
    7310def column_table_names(expression: Expression, exclude: str = "") -> t.Set[str]:
    7311    """
    7312    Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.
    7313
    7314    Example:
    7315        >>> import sqlglot
    7316        >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
    7317        ['a', 'c']
    7318
    7319    Args:
    7320        expression: expression to find table names.
    7321        exclude: a table name to exclude
    7322
    7323    Returns:
    7324        A list of unique names.
    7325    """
    7326    return {
    7327        table
    7328        for table in (column.table for column in expression.find_all(Column))
    7329        if table and table != exclude
    7330    }
    7331
    7332
    7333def table_name(table: Table | str, dialect: DialectType = None, identify: bool = False) -> str:
    7334    """Get the full name of a table as a string.
    7335
    7336    Args:
    7337        table: Table expression node or string.
    7338        dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
    7339        identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are:
    7340            False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect.
    7341            True: Always quote.
    7342
    7343    Examples:
    7344        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7345        >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
    7346        'a.b.c'
    7347
    7348    Returns:
    7349        The table name.
    7350    """
    7351
    7352    table = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    7353
    7354    if not table:
    7355        raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse {table}")
    7356
    7357    return ".".join(
    7358        (
    7359            part.sql(dialect=dialect, identify=True, copy=False)
    7360            if identify or not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(part.name)
    7361            else part.name
    7362        )
    7363        for part in table.parts
    7364    )
    7365
    7366
    7367def normalize_table_name(table: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> str:
    7368    """Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.
    7369
    7370    Args:
    7371        table: the table to normalize
    7372        dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
    7373        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7374
    7375    Examples:
    7376        >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
    7377        'A-B.c'
    7378    """
    7379    from sqlglot.optimizer.normalize_identifiers import normalize_identifiers
    7380
    7381    return ".".join(
    7382        p.name
    7383        for p in normalize_identifiers(
    7384            to_table(table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy), dialect=dialect
    7385        ).parts
    7386    )
    7387
    7388
    7389def replace_tables(
    7390    expression: E, mapping: t.Dict[str, str], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True
    7391) -> E:
    7392    """Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.
    7393
    7394    Args:
    7395        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    7396        mapping: mapping of table names.
    7397        dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
    7398        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7399
    7400    Examples:
    7401        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7402        >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
    7403        'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'
    7404
    7405    Returns:
    7406        The mapped expression.
    7407    """
    7408
    7409    mapping = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in mapping.items()}
    7410
    7411    def _replace_tables(node: Expression) -> Expression:
    7412        if isinstance(node, Table):
    7413            original = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    7414            new_name = mapping.get(original)
    7415
    7416            if new_name:
    7417                table = to_table(
    7418                    new_name,
    7419                    **{k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if k not in TABLE_PARTS},
    7420                    dialect=dialect,
    7421                )
    7422                table.add_comments([original])
    7423                return table
    7424        return node
    7425
    7426    return expression.transform(_replace_tables, copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    7427
    7428
    7429def replace_placeholders(expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    7430    """Replace placeholders in an expression.
    7431
    7432    Args:
    7433        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    7434        args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
    7435        kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.
    7436
    7437    Examples:
    7438        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7439        >>> replace_placeholders(
    7440        ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
    7441        ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
    7442        ... ).sql()
    7443        "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"
    7444
    7445    Returns:
    7446        The mapped expression.
    7447    """
    7448
    7449    def _replace_placeholders(node: Expression, args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    7450        if isinstance(node, Placeholder):
    7451            if node.this:
    7452                new_name = kwargs.get(node.this)
    7453                if new_name is not None:
    7454                    return convert(new_name)
    7455            else:
    7456                try:
    7457                    return convert(next(args))
    7458                except StopIteration:
    7459                    pass
    7460        return node
    7461
    7462    return expression.transform(_replace_placeholders, iter(args), **kwargs)
    7463
    7464
    7465def expand(
    7466    expression: Expression,
    7467    sources: t.Dict[str, Query],
    7468    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7469    copy: bool = True,
    7470) -> Expression:
    7471    """Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.
    7472
    7473    Examples:
    7474        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    7475        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
    7476        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'
    7477
    7478        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
    7479        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'
    7480
    7481    Args:
    7482        expression: The expression to expand.
    7483        sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
    7484        dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
    7485        copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.
    7486
    7487    Returns:
    7488        The transformed expression.
    7489    """
    7490    sources = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in sources.items()}
    7491
    7492    def _expand(node: Expression):
    7493        if isinstance(node, Table):
    7494            name = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    7495            source = sources.get(name)
    7496            if source:
    7497                subquery = source.subquery(node.alias or name)
    7498                subquery.comments = [f"source: {name}"]
    7499                return subquery.transform(_expand, copy=False)
    7500        return node
    7501
    7502    return expression.transform(_expand, copy=copy)
    7503
    7504
    7505def func(name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs) -> Func:
    7506    """
    7507    Returns a Func expression.
    7508
    7509    Examples:
    7510        >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
    7511        'ABS(5)'
    7512
    7513        >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
    7514        'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'
    7515
    7516    Args:
    7517        name: the name of the function to build.
    7518        args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7519        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    7520        dialect: the source dialect.
    7521        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7522
    7523    Note:
    7524        The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.
    7525
    7526    Returns:
    7527        An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't
    7528        correspond to an existing `sqlglot.expressions.Func` class.
    7529    """
    7530    if args and kwargs:
    7531        raise ValueError("Can't use both args and kwargs to instantiate a function.")
    7532
    7533    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    7534
    7535    dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    7536
    7537    converted: t.List[Expression] = [maybe_parse(arg, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for arg in args]
    7538    kwargs = {key: maybe_parse(value, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for key, value in kwargs.items()}
    7539
    7540    constructor = dialect.parser_class.FUNCTIONS.get(name.upper())
    7541    if constructor:
    7542        if converted:
    7543            if "dialect" in constructor.__code__.co_varnames:
    7544                function = constructor(converted, dialect=dialect)
    7545            else:
    7546                function = constructor(converted)
    7547        elif constructor.__name__ == "from_arg_list":
    7548            function = constructor.__self__(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
    7549        else:
    7550            constructor = FUNCTION_BY_NAME.get(name.upper())
    7551            if constructor:
    7552                function = constructor(**kwargs)
    7553            else:
    7554                raise ValueError(
    7555                    f"Unable to convert '{name}' into a Func. Either manually construct "
    7556                    "the Func expression of interest or parse the function call."
    7557                )
    7558    else:
    7559        kwargs = kwargs or {"expressions": converted}
    7560        function = Anonymous(this=name, **kwargs)
    7561
    7562    for error_message in function.error_messages(converted):
    7563        raise ValueError(error_message)
    7564
    7565    return function
    7566
    7567
    7568def case(
    7569    expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7570    **opts,
    7571) -> Case:
    7572    """
    7573    Initialize a CASE statement.
    7574
    7575    Example:
    7576        case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")
    7577
    7578    Args:
    7579        expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
    7580        **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`
    7581    """
    7582    if expression is not None:
    7583        this = maybe_parse(expression, **opts)
    7584    else:
    7585        this = None
    7586    return Case(this=this, ifs=[])
    7587
    7588
    7589def array(
    7590    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    7591) -> Array:
    7592    """
    7593    Returns an array.
    7594
    7595    Examples:
    7596        >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
    7597        'ARRAY(1, x)'
    7598
    7599    Args:
    7600        expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
    7601        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    7602        dialect: the source dialect.
    7603        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7604
    7605    Returns:
    7606        An array expression.
    7607    """
    7608    return Array(
    7609        expressions=[
    7610            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    7611            for expression in expressions
    7612        ]
    7613    )
    7614
    7615
    7616def tuple_(
    7617    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    7618) -> Tuple:
    7619    """
    7620    Returns an tuple.
    7621
    7622    Examples:
    7623        >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
    7624        '(1, x)'
    7625
    7626    Args:
    7627        expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
    7628        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    7629        dialect: the source dialect.
    7630        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7631
    7632    Returns:
    7633        A tuple expression.
    7634    """
    7635    return Tuple(
    7636        expressions=[
    7637            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    7638            for expression in expressions
    7639        ]
    7640    )
    7641
    7642
    7643def true() -> Boolean:
    7644    """
    7645    Returns a true Boolean expression.
    7646    """
    7647    return Boolean(this=True)
    7648
    7649
    7650def false() -> Boolean:
    7651    """
    7652    Returns a false Boolean expression.
    7653    """
    7654    return Boolean(this=False)
    7655
    7656
    7657def null() -> Null:
    7658    """
    7659    Returns a Null expression.
    7660    """
    7661    return Null()
    7662
    7663
    7664NONNULL_CONSTANTS = (
    7665    Literal,
    7666    Boolean,
    7667)
    7668
    7669CONSTANTS = (
    7670    Literal,
    7671    Boolean,
    7672    Null,
    7673)

SQLGLOT_META = 'sqlglot.meta'
TABLE_PARTS = ('this', 'db', 'catalog')
COLUMN_PARTS = ('this', 'table', 'db', 'catalog')
class Expression: View Source

     65class Expression(metaclass=_Expression):
     66    """
     67    The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary
     68    context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression
     69    is optional or not.
     70
     71    Attributes:
     72        key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing
     73            and representing expressions as strings.
     74        arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps
     75            arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
     76        parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
     77        arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression
     78            uses to refer to it.
     79        index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
     80        comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in
     81            order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
     82        type: the `sqlglot.expressions.DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the
     83            optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
     84        meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.
     85
     86    Example:
     87        >>> class Foo(Expression):
     88        ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
     89
     90        The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called
     91        "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".
     92
     93    Args:
     94        args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.
     95    """
     96
     97    key = "expression"
     98    arg_types = {"this": True}
     99    __slots__ = ("args", "parent", "arg_key", "index", "comments", "_type", "_meta", "_hash")
    100
    101    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
    102        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
    103        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
    104        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
    105        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
    106        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
    107        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
    108        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
    109        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
    110
    111        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
    112            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
    113
    114    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
    115        return type(self) is type(other) and hash(self) == hash(other)
    116
    117    @property
    118    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    119        return frozenset(
    120            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
    121            for k, v in self.args.items()
    122            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
    123        )
    124
    125    def __hash__(self) -> int:
    126        if self._hash is not None:
    127            return self._hash
    128
    129        return hash((self.__class__, self.hashable_args))
    130
    131    @property
    132    def this(self) -> t.Any:
    133        """
    134        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
    135        """
    136        return self.args.get("this")
    137
    138    @property
    139    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
    140        """
    141        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
    142        """
    143        return self.args.get("expression")
    144
    145    @property
    146    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
    147        """
    148        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
    149        """
    150        return self.args.get("expressions") or []
    151
    152    def text(self, key) -> str:
    153        """
    154        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
    155        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
    156        """
    157        field = self.args.get(key)
    158        if isinstance(field, str):
    159            return field
    160        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
    161            return field.this
    162        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
    163            return field.name
    164        return ""
    165
    166    @property
    167    def is_string(self) -> bool:
    168        """
    169        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
    170        """
    171        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]
    172
    173    @property
    174    def is_number(self) -> bool:
    175        """
    176        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
    177        """
    178        return isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]
    179
    180    @property
    181    def is_negative(self) -> bool:
    182        """
    183        Checks whether an expression is negative.
    184
    185        Handles both exp.Neg and Literal numbers with "-" which come from optimizer.simplify.
    186        """
    187        return isinstance(self, Neg) or (self.is_number and self.this.startswith("-"))
    188
    189    @property
    190    def is_int(self) -> bool:
    191        """
    192        Checks whether a Literal expression is an integer.
    193        """
    194        return self.is_number and is_int(self.name)
    195
    196    @property
    197    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    198        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
    199        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))
    200
    201    @property
    202    def alias(self) -> str:
    203        """
    204        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
    205        """
    206        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
    207            return self.args["alias"].name
    208        return self.text("alias")
    209
    210    @property
    211    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
    212        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
    213        if not table_alias:
    214            return []
    215        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]
    216
    217    @property
    218    def name(self) -> str:
    219        return self.text("this")
    220
    221    @property
    222    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    223        return self.alias or self.name
    224
    225    @property
    226    def output_name(self) -> str:
    227        """
    228        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
    229
    230        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
    231
    232        Example:
    233            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    234            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
    235            'a'
    236            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
    237            'c'
    238            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
    239            ''
    240        """
    241        return ""
    242
    243    @property
    244    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    245        return self._type
    246
    247    @type.setter
    248    def type(self, dtype: t.Optional[DataType | DataType.Type | str]) -> None:
    249        if dtype and not isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    250            dtype = DataType.build(dtype)
    251        self._type = dtype  # type: ignore
    252
    253    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
    254        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)
    255
    256    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
    257        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())
    258
    259    @property
    260    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
    261        if self._meta is None:
    262            self._meta = {}
    263        return self._meta
    264
    265    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
    266        root = self.__class__()
    267        stack = [(self, root)]
    268
    269        while stack:
    270            node, copy = stack.pop()
    271
    272            if node.comments is not None:
    273                copy.comments = deepcopy(node.comments)
    274            if node._type is not None:
    275                copy._type = deepcopy(node._type)
    276            if node._meta is not None:
    277                copy._meta = deepcopy(node._meta)
    278            if node._hash is not None:
    279                copy._hash = node._hash
    280
    281            for k, vs in node.args.items():
    282                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
    283                    stack.append((vs, vs.__class__()))
    284                    copy.set(k, stack[-1][-1])
    285                elif type(vs) is list:
    286                    copy.args[k] = []
    287
    288                    for v in vs:
    289                        if hasattr(v, "parent"):
    290                            stack.append((v, v.__class__()))
    291                            copy.append(k, stack[-1][-1])
    292                        else:
    293                            copy.append(k, v)
    294                else:
    295                    copy.args[k] = vs
    296
    297        return root
    298
    299    def copy(self):
    300        """
    301        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
    302        """
    303        return deepcopy(self)
    304
    305    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None) -> None:
    306        if self.comments is None:
    307            self.comments = []
    308
    309        if comments:
    310            for comment in comments:
    311                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
    312                if meta:
    313                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
    314                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
    315                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
    316                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
    317                self.comments.append(comment)
    318
    319    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
    320        comments = self.comments or []
    321        self.comments = None
    322        return comments
    323
    324    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
    325        """
    326        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
    327
    328        Args:
    329            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
    330            value (Any): value to append to the list
    331        """
    332        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
    333            self.args[arg_key] = []
    334        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
    335        values = self.args[arg_key]
    336        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
    337            value.index = len(values)
    338        values.append(value)
    339
    340    def set(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
    341        """
    342        Sets arg_key to value.
    343
    344        Args:
    345            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
    346            value: value to set the arg to.
    347            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
    348        """
    349        if index is not None:
    350            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
    351
    352            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
    353                return
    354            if value is None:
    355                expressions.pop(index)
    356                for v in expressions[index:]:
    357                    v.index = v.index - 1
    358                return
    359
    360            if isinstance(value, list):
    361                expressions.pop(index)
    362                expressions[index:index] = value
    363            else:
    364                expressions[index] = value
    365
    366            value = expressions
    367        elif value is None:
    368            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
    369            return
    370
    371        self.args[arg_key] = value
    372        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)
    373
    374    def _set_parent(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
    375        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
    376            value.parent = self
    377            value.arg_key = arg_key
    378            value.index = index
    379        elif type(value) is list:
    380            for index, v in enumerate(value):
    381                if hasattr(v, "parent"):
    382                    v.parent = self
    383                    v.arg_key = arg_key
    384                    v.index = index
    385
    386    @property
    387    def depth(self) -> int:
    388        """
    389        Returns the depth of this tree.
    390        """
    391        if self.parent:
    392            return self.parent.depth + 1
    393        return 0
    394
    395    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    396        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
    397        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
    398        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():
    399            if type(vs) is list:
    400                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:
    401                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
    402                        yield v
    403            else:
    404                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
    405                    yield vs
    406
    407    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
    408        """
    409        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
    410        the specified types.
    411
    412        Args:
    413            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    414            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
    415
    416        Returns:
    417            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
    418        """
    419        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)
    420
    421    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
    422        """
    423        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
    424        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
    425
    426        Args:
    427            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    428            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
    429
    430        Returns:
    431            The generator object.
    432        """
    433        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
    434            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
    435                yield expression
    436
    437    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
    438        """
    439        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
    440
    441        Args:
    442            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    443
    444        Returns:
    445            The parent node.
    446        """
    447        ancestor = self.parent
    448        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
    449            ancestor = ancestor.parent
    450        return ancestor  # type: ignore
    451
    452    @property
    453    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
    454        """
    455        Returns the parent select statement.
    456        """
    457        return self.find_ancestor(Select)
    458
    459    @property
    460    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
    461        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
    462        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__
    463
    464    def root(self) -> Expression:
    465        """
    466        Returns the root expression of this tree.
    467        """
    468        expression = self
    469        while expression.parent:
    470            expression = expression.parent
    471        return expression
    472
    473    def walk(
    474        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    475    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    476        """
    477        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
    478
    479        Args:
    480            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
    481                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
    482            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
    483                this branch of the tree.
    484
    485        Returns:
    486            the generator object.
    487        """
    488        if bfs:
    489            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
    490        else:
    491            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)
    492
    493    def dfs(
    494        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    495    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    496        """
    497        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
    498        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
    499
    500        Returns:
    501            The generator object.
    502        """
    503        stack = [self]
    504
    505        while stack:
    506            node = stack.pop()
    507
    508            yield node
    509
    510            if prune and prune(node):
    511                continue
    512
    513            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
    514                stack.append(v)
    515
    516    def bfs(
    517        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    518    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    519        """
    520        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
    521        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
    522
    523        Returns:
    524            The generator object.
    525        """
    526        queue = deque([self])
    527
    528        while queue:
    529            node = queue.popleft()
    530
    531            yield node
    532
    533            if prune and prune(node):
    534                continue
    535
    536            for v in node.iter_expressions():
    537                queue.append(v)
    538
    539    def unnest(self):
    540        """
    541        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
    542        """
    543        expression = self
    544        while type(expression) is Paren:
    545            expression = expression.this
    546        return expression
    547
    548    def unalias(self):
    549        """
    550        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
    551        """
    552        if isinstance(self, Alias):
    553            return self.this
    554        return self
    555
    556    def unnest_operands(self):
    557        """
    558        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
    559        """
    560        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())
    561
    562    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
    563        """
    564        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
    565
    566        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
    567        """
    568        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
    569            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
    570                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node
    571
    572    def __str__(self) -> str:
    573        return self.sql()
    574
    575    def __repr__(self) -> str:
    576        return _to_s(self)
    577
    578    def to_s(self) -> str:
    579        """
    580        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
    581        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
    582        """
    583        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)
    584
    585    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
    586        """
    587        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
    588
    589        Args:
    590            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
    591            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
    592
    593        Returns:
    594            The SQL string.
    595        """
    596        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
    597
    598        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)
    599
    600    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    601        """
    602        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
    603        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
    604
    605        Args:
    606            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
    607                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
    608                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
    609            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
    610                modified in place.
    611
    612        Returns:
    613            The transformed tree.
    614        """
    615        root = None
    616        new_node = None
    617
    618        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
    619            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
    620            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
    621
    622            if not root:
    623                root = new_node
    624            elif new_node is not node:
    625                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
    626
    627        assert root
    628        return root.assert_is(Expression)
    629
    630    @t.overload
    631    def replace(self, expression: E) -> E: ...
    632
    633    @t.overload
    634    def replace(self, expression: None) -> None: ...
    635
    636    def replace(self, expression):
    637        """
    638        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
    639
    640        For example::
    641
    642            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
    643            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
    644            Column(
    645              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
    646            >>> tree.sql()
    647            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
    648
    649        Args:
    650            expression: new node
    651
    652        Returns:
    653            The new expression or expressions.
    654        """
    655        parent = self.parent
    656
    657        if not parent or parent is expression:
    658            return expression
    659
    660        key = self.arg_key
    661        value = parent.args.get(key)
    662
    663        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
    664            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
    665            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
    666            value.parent.replace(expression)
    667        else:
    668            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
    669
    670        if expression is not self:
    671            self.parent = None
    672            self.arg_key = None
    673            self.index = None
    674
    675        return expression
    676
    677    def pop(self: E) -> E:
    678        """
    679        Remove this expression from its AST.
    680
    681        Returns:
    682            The popped expression.
    683        """
    684        self.replace(None)
    685        return self
    686
    687    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
    688        """
    689        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
    690
    691        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
    692        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
    693
    694        Examples:
    695            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
    696
    697            >>> import sqlglot
    698            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
    699            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
    700        """
    701        if not isinstance(self, type_):
    702            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
    703        return self
    704
    705    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
    706        """
    707        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
    708
    709        Args:
    710            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
    711                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
    712
    713        Returns:
    714            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
    715        """
    716        errors: t.List[str] = []
    717
    718        for k in self.args:
    719            if k not in self.arg_types:
    720                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
    721        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
    722            v = self.args.get(k)
    723            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
    724                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
    725
    726        if (
    727            args
    728            and isinstance(self, Func)
    729            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
    730            and not self.is_var_len_args
    731        ):
    732            errors.append(
    733                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
    734                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
    735            )
    736
    737        return errors
    738
    739    def dump(self):
    740        """
    741        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
    742        """
    743        from sqlglot.serde import dump
    744
    745        return dump(self)
    746
    747    @classmethod
    748    def load(cls, obj):
    749        """
    750        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
    751        """
    752        from sqlglot.serde import load
    753
    754        return load(obj)
    755
    756    def and_(
    757        self,
    758        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    759        dialect: DialectType = None,
    760        copy: bool = True,
    761        **opts,
    762    ) -> Condition:
    763        """
    764        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
    765
    766        Example:
    767            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
    768            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
    769
    770        Args:
    771            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    772                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    773            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    774            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
    775            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    776
    777        Returns:
    778            The new And condition.
    779        """
    780        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    781
    782    def or_(
    783        self,
    784        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    785        dialect: DialectType = None,
    786        copy: bool = True,
    787        **opts,
    788    ) -> Condition:
    789        """
    790        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
    791
    792        Example:
    793            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
    794            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
    795
    796        Args:
    797            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    798                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    799            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    800            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
    801            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    802
    803        Returns:
    804            The new Or condition.
    805        """
    806        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    807
    808    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
    809        """
    810        Wrap this condition with NOT.
    811
    812        Example:
    813            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
    814            'NOT x = 1'
    815
    816        Args:
    817            copy: whether to copy this object.
    818
    819        Returns:
    820            The new Not instance.
    821        """
    822        return not_(self, copy=copy)
    823
    824    def as_(
    825        self,
    826        alias: str | Identifier,
    827        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    828        dialect: DialectType = None,
    829        copy: bool = True,
    830        **opts,
    831    ) -> Alias:
    832        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    833
    834    def _binop(self, klass: t.Type[E], other: t.Any, reverse: bool = False) -> E:
    835        this = self.copy()
    836        other = convert(other, copy=True)
    837        if not isinstance(this, klass) and not isinstance(other, klass):
    838            this = _wrap(this, Binary)
    839            other = _wrap(other, Binary)
    840        if reverse:
    841            return klass(this=other, expression=this)
    842        return klass(this=this, expression=other)
    843
    844    def __getitem__(self, other: ExpOrStr | t.Tuple[ExpOrStr]) -> Bracket:
    845        return Bracket(
    846            this=self.copy(), expressions=[convert(e, copy=True) for e in ensure_list(other)]
    847        )
    848
    849    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator:
    850        if "expressions" in self.arg_types:
    851            return iter(self.args.get("expressions") or [])
    852        # We define this because __getitem__ converts Expression into an iterable, which is
    853        # problematic because one can hit infinite loops if they do "for x in some_expr: ..."
    854        # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0234/
    855        raise TypeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object is not iterable")
    856
    857    def isin(
    858        self,
    859        *expressions: t.Any,
    860        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    861        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    862        copy: bool = True,
    863        **opts,
    864    ) -> In:
    865        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
    866        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
    867            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
    868
    869        return In(
    870            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    871            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    872            query=subquery,
    873            unnest=(
    874                Unnest(
    875                    expressions=[
    876                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    877                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    878                    ]
    879                )
    880                if unnest
    881                else None
    882            ),
    883        )
    884
    885    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
    886        return Between(
    887            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    888            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
    889            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
    890        )
    891
    892    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
    893        return self._binop(Is, other)
    894
    895    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
    896        return self._binop(Like, other)
    897
    898    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
    899        return self._binop(ILike, other)
    900
    901    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
    902        return self._binop(EQ, other)
    903
    904    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
    905        return self._binop(NEQ, other)
    906
    907    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
    908        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)
    909
    910    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
    911        div = self._binop(Div, other)
    912        div.args["typed"] = typed
    913        div.args["safe"] = safe
    914        return div
    915
    916    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
    917        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)
    918
    919    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
    920        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)
    921
    922    def __lt__(self, other: t.Any) -> LT:
    923        return self._binop(LT, other)
    924
    925    def __le__(self, other: t.Any) -> LTE:
    926        return self._binop(LTE, other)
    927
    928    def __gt__(self, other: t.Any) -> GT:
    929        return self._binop(GT, other)
    930
    931    def __ge__(self, other: t.Any) -> GTE:
    932        return self._binop(GTE, other)
    933
    934    def __add__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
    935        return self._binop(Add, other)
    936
    937    def __radd__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
    938        return self._binop(Add, other, reverse=True)
    939
    940    def __sub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
    941        return self._binop(Sub, other)
    942
    943    def __rsub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
    944        return self._binop(Sub, other, reverse=True)
    945
    946    def __mul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
    947        return self._binop(Mul, other)
    948
    949    def __rmul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
    950        return self._binop(Mul, other, reverse=True)
    951
    952    def __truediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
    953        return self._binop(Div, other)
    954
    955    def __rtruediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
    956        return self._binop(Div, other, reverse=True)
    957
    958    def __floordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
    959        return self._binop(IntDiv, other)
    960
    961    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
    962        return self._binop(IntDiv, other, reverse=True)
    963
    964    def __mod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
    965        return self._binop(Mod, other)
    966
    967    def __rmod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
    968        return self._binop(Mod, other, reverse=True)
    969
    970    def __pow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
    971        return self._binop(Pow, other)
    972
    973    def __rpow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
    974        return self._binop(Pow, other, reverse=True)
    975
    976    def __and__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
    977        return self._binop(And, other)
    978
    979    def __rand__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
    980        return self._binop(And, other, reverse=True)
    981
    982    def __or__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
    983        return self._binop(Or, other)
    984
    985    def __ror__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
    986        return self._binop(Or, other, reverse=True)
    987
    988    def __neg__(self) -> Neg:
    989        return Neg(this=_wrap(self.copy(), Binary))
    990
    991    def __invert__(self) -> Not:
    992        return not_(self.copy())

The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression is optional or not.

###### Attributes:

- key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing and representing expressions as strings.
- arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
- parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
- arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression uses to refer to it.
- index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
- comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
- type: the `DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
- meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> class Foo(Expression):
>     ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

> The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".

###### Arguments:

- args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.

Expression(**args: Any) View Source

    101    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
    102        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
    103        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
    104        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
    105        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
    106        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
    107        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
    108        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
    109        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
    110
    111        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
    112            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)

key = 'expression'
arg_types = {'this': True}
args: Dict[str, Any]
parent: Optional[Expression]
arg_key: Optional[str]
index: Optional[int]
comments: Optional[List[str]]
hashable_args: Any View Source

    117    @property
    118    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    119        return frozenset(
    120            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
    121            for k, v in self.args.items()
    122            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
    123        )

this: Any View Source

    131    @property
    132    def this(self) -> t.Any:
    133        """
    134        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
    135        """
    136        return self.args.get("this")

Retrieves the argument with key "this".

expression: Any View Source

    138    @property
    139    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
    140        """
    141        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
    142        """
    143        return self.args.get("expression")

Retrieves the argument with key "expression".

expressions: List[Any] View Source

    145    @property
    146    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
    147        """
    148        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
    149        """
    150        return self.args.get("expressions") or []

Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".

def text(self, key) -> str: View Source

    152    def text(self, key) -> str:
    153        """
    154        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
    155        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
    156        """
    157        field = self.args.get(key)
    158        if isinstance(field, str):
    159            return field
    160        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
    161            return field.this
    162        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
    163            return field.name
    164        return ""

Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.

is_string: bool View Source

    166    @property
    167    def is_string(self) -> bool:
    168        """
    169        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
    170        """
    171        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]

Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.

is_number: bool View Source

    173    @property
    174    def is_number(self) -> bool:
    175        """
    176        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
    177        """
    178        return isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]

Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.

is_negative: bool View Source

    180    @property
    181    def is_negative(self) -> bool:
    182        """
    183        Checks whether an expression is negative.
    184
    185        Handles both exp.Neg and Literal numbers with "-" which come from optimizer.simplify.
    186        """
    187        return isinstance(self, Neg) or (self.is_number and self.this.startswith("-"))

Checks whether an expression is negative.

Handles both exp.Neg and Literal numbers with "-" which come from optimizer.simplify.

is_int: bool View Source

    189    @property
    190    def is_int(self) -> bool:
    191        """
    192        Checks whether a Literal expression is an integer.
    193        """
    194        return self.is_number and is_int(self.name)

Checks whether a Literal expression is an integer.

is_star: bool View Source

    196    @property
    197    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    198        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
    199        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))

Checks whether an expression is a star.

alias: str View Source

    201    @property
    202    def alias(self) -> str:
    203        """
    204        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
    205        """
    206        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
    207            return self.args["alias"].name
    208        return self.text("alias")

Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.

alias_column_names: List[str] View Source

    210    @property
    211    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
    212        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
    213        if not table_alias:
    214            return []
    215        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]

name: str View Source

    217    @property
    218    def name(self) -> str:
    219        return self.text("this")

alias_or_name: str View Source

    221    @property
    222    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    223        return self.alias or self.name

output_name: str View Source

    225    @property
    226    def output_name(self) -> str:
    227        """
    228        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
    229
    230        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
    231
    232        Example:
    233            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    234            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
    235            'a'
    236            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
    237            'c'
    238            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
    239            ''
    240        """
    241        return ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

type: Optional[DataType] View Source

    243    @property
    244    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    245        return self._type

def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool: View Source

    253    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
    254        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)

def is_leaf(self) -> bool: View Source

    256    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
    257        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())

meta: Dict[str, Any] View Source

    259    @property
    260    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
    261        if self._meta is None:
    262            self._meta = {}
    263        return self._meta

def copy(self): View Source

    299    def copy(self):
    300        """
    301        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
    302        """
    303        return deepcopy(self)

Returns a deep copy of the expression.

def add_comments(self, comments: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None: View Source

    305    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None) -> None:
    306        if self.comments is None:
    307            self.comments = []
    308
    309        if comments:
    310            for comment in comments:
    311                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
    312                if meta:
    313                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
    314                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
    315                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
    316                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
    317                self.comments.append(comment)

def pop_comments(self) -> List[str]: View Source

    319    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
    320        comments = self.comments or []
    321        self.comments = None
    322        return comments

def append(self, arg_key: str, value: Any) -> None: View Source

    324    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
    325        """
    326        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
    327
    328        Args:
    329            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
    330            value (Any): value to append to the list
    331        """
    332        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
    333            self.args[arg_key] = []
    334        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
    335        values = self.args[arg_key]
    336        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
    337            value.index = len(values)
    338        values.append(value)

Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.

###### Arguments:

- arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
- value (Any): value to append to the list

def set(self, arg_key: str, value: Any, index: Optional[int] = None) -> None: View Source

    340    def set(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
    341        """
    342        Sets arg_key to value.
    343
    344        Args:
    345            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
    346            value: value to set the arg to.
    347            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
    348        """
    349        if index is not None:
    350            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
    351
    352            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
    353                return
    354            if value is None:
    355                expressions.pop(index)
    356                for v in expressions[index:]:
    357                    v.index = v.index - 1
    358                return
    359
    360            if isinstance(value, list):
    361                expressions.pop(index)
    362                expressions[index:index] = value
    363            else:
    364                expressions[index] = value
    365
    366            value = expressions
    367        elif value is None:
    368            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
    369            return
    370
    371        self.args[arg_key] = value
    372        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)

Sets arg_key to value.

###### Arguments:

- arg_key: name of the expression arg.
- value: value to set the arg to.
- index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.

depth: int View Source

    386    @property
    387    def depth(self) -> int:
    388        """
    389        Returns the depth of this tree.
    390        """
    391        if self.parent:
    392            return self.parent.depth + 1
    393        return 0

Returns the depth of this tree.

def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    395    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    396        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
    397        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
    398        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():
    399            if type(vs) is list:
    400                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:
    401                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
    402                        yield v
    403            else:
    404                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
    405                    yield vs

Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args.

def find(self, *expression_types: Type[~E], bfs: bool = True) -> Optional[~E]: View Source

    407    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
    408        """
    409        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
    410        the specified types.
    411
    412        Args:
    413            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    414            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
    415
    416        Returns:
    417            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
    418        """
    419        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)

Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of the specified types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
- bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).

###### Returns:

> The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.

def find_all(self, *expression_types: Type[~E], bfs: bool = True) -> Iterator[~E]: View Source

    421    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
    422        """
    423        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
    424        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
    425
    426        Args:
    427            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    428            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
    429
    430        Returns:
    431            The generator object.
    432        """
    433        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
    434            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
    435                yield expression

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
- bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: Type[~E]) -> Optional[~E]: View Source

    437    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
    438        """
    439        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
    440
    441        Args:
    442            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    443
    444        Returns:
    445            The parent node.
    446        """
    447        ancestor = self.parent
    448        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
    449            ancestor = ancestor.parent
    450        return ancestor  # type: ignore

Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.

###### Returns:

> The parent node.

parent_select: Optional[Select] View Source

    452    @property
    453    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
    454        """
    455        Returns the parent select statement.
    456        """
    457        return self.find_ancestor(Select)

Returns the parent select statement.

same_parent: bool View Source

    459    @property
    460    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
    461        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
    462        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__

Returns if the parent is the same class as itself.

def root(self) -> Expression: View Source

    464    def root(self) -> Expression:
    465        """
    466        Returns the root expression of this tree.
    467        """
    468        expression = self
    469        while expression.parent:
    470            expression = expression.parent
    471        return expression

Returns the root expression of this tree.

def walk( self, bfs: bool = True, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    473    def walk(
    474        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    475    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    476        """
    477        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
    478
    479        Args:
    480            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
    481                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
    482            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
    483                this branch of the tree.
    484
    485        Returns:
    486            the generator object.
    487        """
    488        if bfs:
    489            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
    490        else:
    491            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.

###### Arguments:

- bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied, otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
- prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing this branch of the tree.

###### Returns:

> the generator object.

def dfs( self, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    493    def dfs(
    494        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    495    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    496        """
    497        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
    498        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
    499
    500        Returns:
    501            The generator object.
    502        """
    503        stack = [self]
    504
    505        while stack:
    506            node = stack.pop()
    507
    508            yield node
    509
    510            if prune and prune(node):
    511                continue
    512
    513            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
    514                stack.append(v)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in the DFS (Depth-first) order.

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def bfs( self, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    516    def bfs(
    517        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    518    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    519        """
    520        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
    521        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
    522
    523        Returns:
    524            The generator object.
    525        """
    526        queue = deque([self])
    527
    528        while queue:
    529            node = queue.popleft()
    530
    531            yield node
    532
    533            if prune and prune(node):
    534                continue
    535
    536            for v in node.iter_expressions():
    537                queue.append(v)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in the BFS (Breadth-first) order.

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def unnest(self): View Source

    539    def unnest(self):
    540        """
    541        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
    542        """
    543        expression = self
    544        while type(expression) is Paren:
    545            expression = expression.this
    546        return expression

Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.

def unalias(self): View Source

    548    def unalias(self):
    549        """
    550        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
    551        """
    552        if isinstance(self, Alias):
    553            return self.this
    554        return self

Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.

def unnest_operands(self): View Source

    556    def unnest_operands(self):
    557        """
    558        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
    559        """
    560        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())

Returns unnested operands as a tuple.

def flatten(self, unnest=True): View Source

    562    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
    563        """
    564        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
    565
    566        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
    567        """
    568        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
    569            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
    570                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node

Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.

A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]

def to_s(self) -> str: View Source

    578    def to_s(self) -> str:
    579        """
    580        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
    581        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
    582        """
    583        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)

Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.

def sql( self, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> str: View Source

    585    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
    586        """
    587        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
    588
    589        Args:
    590            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
    591            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
    592
    593        Returns:
    594            The SQL string.
    595        """
    596        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
    597
    598        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)

Returns SQL string representation of this tree.

###### Arguments:

- dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
- opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.

###### Returns:

> The SQL string.

def transform( self, fun: Callable, *args: Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression: View Source

    600    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    601        """
    602        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
    603        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
    604
    605        Args:
    606            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
    607                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
    608                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
    609            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
    610                modified in place.
    611
    612        Returns:
    613            The transformed tree.
    614        """
    615        root = None
    616        new_node = None
    617
    618        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
    619            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
    620            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
    621
    622            if not root:
    623                root = new_node
    624            elif new_node is not node:
    625                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
    626
    627        assert root
    628        return root.assert_is(Expression)

Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones) and applies the given transformation function to each node.

###### Arguments:

- fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
- copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is modified in place.

###### Returns:

> The transformed tree.

def replace(self, expression): View Source

    636    def replace(self, expression):
    637        """
    638        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
    639
    640        For example::
    641
    642            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
    643            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
    644            Column(
    645              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
    646            >>> tree.sql()
    647            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
    648
    649        Args:
    650            expression: new node
    651
    652        Returns:
    653            The new expression or expressions.
    654        """
    655        parent = self.parent
    656
    657        if not parent or parent is expression:
    658            return expression
    659
    660        key = self.arg_key
    661        value = parent.args.get(key)
    662
    663        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
    664            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
    665            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
    666            value.parent.replace(expression)
    667        else:
    668            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
    669
    670        if expression is not self:
    671            self.parent = None
    672            self.arg_key = None
    673            self.index = None
    674
    675        return expression

Swap out this expression with a new expression.

For example::

    >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
    >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
    Column(
      this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
    >>> tree.sql()
    'SELECT y FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- expression: new node

###### Returns:

> The new expression or expressions.

def pop(self: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    677    def pop(self: E) -> E:
    678        """
    679        Remove this expression from its AST.
    680
    681        Returns:
    682            The popped expression.
    683        """
    684        self.replace(None)
    685        return self

Remove this expression from its AST.

###### Returns:

> The popped expression.

def assert_is(self, type_: Type[~E]) -> ~E: View Source

    687    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
    688        """
    689        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
    690
    691        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
    692        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
    693
    694        Examples:
    695            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
    696
    697            >>> import sqlglot
    698            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
    699            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
    700        """
    701        if not isinstance(self, type_):
    702            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
    703        return self

Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.

If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error. Otherwise, this returns this expression.

###### Examples:

> This is useful for type security in chained expressions:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
>     'SELECT x, z FROM y'

def error_messages(self, args: Optional[Sequence] = None) -> List[str]: View Source

    705    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
    706        """
    707        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
    708
    709        Args:
    710            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
    711                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
    712
    713        Returns:
    714            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
    715        """
    716        errors: t.List[str] = []
    717
    718        for k in self.args:
    719            if k not in self.arg_types:
    720                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
    721        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
    722            v = self.args.get(k)
    723            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
    724                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
    725
    726        if (
    727            args
    728            and isinstance(self, Func)
    729            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
    730            and not self.is_var_len_args
    731        ):
    732            errors.append(
    733                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
    734                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
    735            )
    736
    737        return errors

Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).

###### Arguments:

- args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.

###### Returns:

> A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.

def dump(self): View Source

    739    def dump(self):
    740        """
    741        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
    742        """
    743        from sqlglot.serde import dump
    744
    745        return dump(self)

Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.

@classmethod
def load(cls, obj): View Source

    747    @classmethod
    748    def load(cls, obj):
    749        """
    750        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
    751        """
    752        from sqlglot.serde import load
    753
    754        return load(obj)

Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.

def and_( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    756    def and_(
    757        self,
    758        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    759        dialect: DialectType = None,
    760        copy: bool = True,
    761        **opts,
    762    ) -> Condition:
    763        """
    764        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
    765
    766        Example:
    767            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
    768            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
    769
    770        Args:
    771            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    772                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    773            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    774            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
    775            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    776
    777        Returns:
    778            The new And condition.
    779        """
    780        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)

AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
>     'x = 1 AND y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new And condition.

def or_( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    782    def or_(
    783        self,
    784        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    785        dialect: DialectType = None,
    786        copy: bool = True,
    787        **opts,
    788    ) -> Condition:
    789        """
    790        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
    791
    792        Example:
    793            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
    794            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
    795
    796        Args:
    797            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    798                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    799            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    800            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
    801            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    802
    803        Returns:
    804            The new Or condition.
    805        """
    806        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)

OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
>     'x = 1 OR y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Or condition.

def not_(self, copy: bool = True): View Source

    808    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
    809        """
    810        Wrap this condition with NOT.
    811
    812        Example:
    813            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
    814            'NOT x = 1'
    815
    816        Args:
    817            copy: whether to copy this object.
    818
    819        Returns:
    820            The new Not instance.
    821        """
    822        return not_(self, copy=copy)

Wrap this condition with NOT.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
>     'NOT x = 1'

###### Arguments:

- copy: whether to copy this object.

###### Returns:

> The new Not instance.

def as_( self, alias: str | Identifier, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Alias: View Source

    824    def as_(
    825        self,
    826        alias: str | Identifier,
    827        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    828        dialect: DialectType = None,
    829        copy: bool = True,
    830        **opts,
    831    ) -> Alias:
    832        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)

def isin( self, *expressions: Any, query: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, unnest: Union[str, Expression, NoneType, Collection[Union[str, Expression]]] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> In: View Source

    857    def isin(
    858        self,
    859        *expressions: t.Any,
    860        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    861        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    862        copy: bool = True,
    863        **opts,
    864    ) -> In:
    865        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
    866        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
    867            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
    868
    869        return In(
    870            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    871            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    872            query=subquery,
    873            unnest=(
    874                Unnest(
    875                    expressions=[
    876                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    877                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    878                    ]
    879                )
    880                if unnest
    881                else None
    882            ),
    883        )

def between( self, low: Any, high: Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between: View Source

    885    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
    886        return Between(
    887            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    888            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
    889            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
    890        )

def is_( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> Is: View Source

    892    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
    893        return self._binop(Is, other)

def like( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> Like: View Source

    895    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
    896        return self._binop(Like, other)

def ilike( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> ILike: View Source

    898    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
    899        return self._binop(ILike, other)

def eq(self, other: Any) -> EQ: View Source

    901    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
    902        return self._binop(EQ, other)

def neq(self, other: Any) -> NEQ: View Source

    904    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
    905        return self._binop(NEQ, other)

def rlike( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> RegexpLike: View Source

    907    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
    908        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)

def div( self, other: Union[str, Expression], typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div: View Source

    910    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
    911        div = self._binop(Div, other)
    912        div.args["typed"] = typed
    913        div.args["safe"] = safe
    914        return div

def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered: View Source

    916    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
    917        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)

def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered: View Source

    919    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
    920        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)

IntoType = typing.Union[str, typing.Type[Expression], typing.Collection[typing.Union[str, typing.Type[Expression]]]]
ExpOrStr = typing.Union[str, Expression]
class Condition(Expression): View Source

    1003class Condition(Expression):
    1004    """Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x"""

Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x

key = 'condition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Predicate(Condition): View Source

    1007class Predicate(Condition):
    1008    """Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y."""

Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y.

key = 'predicate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DerivedTable(Expression): View Source

    1011class DerivedTable(Expression):
    1012    @property
    1013    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1014        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []
    1015
    1016    @property
    1017    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1018        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1012    @property
    1013    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1014        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1016    @property
    1017    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1018        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]

key = 'derivedtable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Query(Expression): View Source

    1021class Query(Expression):
    1022    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1023        """
    1024        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1025
    1026        Example:
    1027            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1028            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1029            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1030
    1031        Args:
    1032            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1033            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1034        """
    1035        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1036        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1037            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1038
    1039        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)
    1040
    1041    def limit(
    1042        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1043    ) -> Q:
    1044        """
    1045        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1046
    1047        Example:
    1048            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1049            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1050
    1051        Args:
    1052            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1053                This can also be an integer.
    1054                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1055                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1056            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1057            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1058            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1059
    1060        Returns:
    1061            A limited Select expression.
    1062        """
    1063        return _apply_builder(
    1064            expression=expression,
    1065            instance=self,
    1066            arg="limit",
    1067            into=Limit,
    1068            prefix="LIMIT",
    1069            dialect=dialect,
    1070            copy=copy,
    1071            into_arg="expression",
    1072            **opts,
    1073        )
    1074
    1075    def offset(
    1076        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1077    ) -> Q:
    1078        """
    1079        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1080
    1081        Example:
    1082            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1083            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1084
    1085        Args:
    1086            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1087                This can also be an integer.
    1088                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1089                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1090            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1091            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1092            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1093
    1094        Returns:
    1095            The modified Select expression.
    1096        """
    1097        return _apply_builder(
    1098            expression=expression,
    1099            instance=self,
    1100            arg="offset",
    1101            into=Offset,
    1102            prefix="OFFSET",
    1103            dialect=dialect,
    1104            copy=copy,
    1105            into_arg="expression",
    1106            **opts,
    1107        )
    1108
    1109    def order_by(
    1110        self: Q,
    1111        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1112        append: bool = True,
    1113        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1114        copy: bool = True,
    1115        **opts,
    1116    ) -> Q:
    1117        """
    1118        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1119
    1120        Example:
    1121            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1122            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1123
    1124        Args:
    1125            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1126                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1127                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1128            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1129                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1130            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1131            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1132            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1133
    1134        Returns:
    1135            The modified Select expression.
    1136        """
    1137        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1138            *expressions,
    1139            instance=self,
    1140            arg="order",
    1141            append=append,
    1142            copy=copy,
    1143            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1144            into=Order,
    1145            dialect=dialect,
    1146            **opts,
    1147        )
    1148
    1149    @property
    1150    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1151        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1152        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1153        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1154
    1155    @property
    1156    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1157        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1158        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")
    1159
    1160    @property
    1161    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1162        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1163        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")
    1164
    1165    def select(
    1166        self: Q,
    1167        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1168        append: bool = True,
    1169        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1170        copy: bool = True,
    1171        **opts,
    1172    ) -> Q:
    1173        """
    1174        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1175
    1176        Example:
    1177            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1178            'SELECT x, y'
    1179
    1180        Args:
    1181            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1182                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1183            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1184                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1185            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1186            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1187            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1188
    1189        Returns:
    1190            The modified Query expression.
    1191        """
    1192        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")
    1193
    1194    def with_(
    1195        self: Q,
    1196        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1197        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1198        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1199        append: bool = True,
    1200        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1201        copy: bool = True,
    1202        **opts,
    1203    ) -> Q:
    1204        """
    1205        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1206
    1207        Example:
    1208            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1209            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1210
    1211        Args:
    1212            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1213                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1214            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1215                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1216            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1217            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1218                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1219            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1220            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1221            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1222
    1223        Returns:
    1224            The modified expression.
    1225        """
    1226        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1227            self, alias, as_, recursive=recursive, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    1228        )
    1229
    1230    def union(
    1231        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1232    ) -> Union:
    1233        """
    1234        Builds a UNION expression.
    1235
    1236        Example:
    1237            >>> import sqlglot
    1238            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1239            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1240
    1241        Args:
    1242            expression: the SQL code string.
    1243                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1244            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1245            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1246            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1247
    1248        Returns:
    1249            The new Union expression.
    1250        """
    1251        return union(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1252
    1253    def intersect(
    1254        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1255    ) -> Intersect:
    1256        """
    1257        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1258
    1259        Example:
    1260            >>> import sqlglot
    1261            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1262            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1263
    1264        Args:
    1265            expression: the SQL code string.
    1266                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1267            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1268            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1269            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1270
    1271        Returns:
    1272            The new Intersect expression.
    1273        """
    1274        return intersect(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1275
    1276    def except_(
    1277        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1278    ) -> Except:
    1279        """
    1280        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1281
    1282        Example:
    1283            >>> import sqlglot
    1284            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1285            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1286
    1287        Args:
    1288            expression: the SQL code string.
    1289                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1290            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1291            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1292            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1293
    1294        Returns:
    1295            The new Except expression.
    1296        """
    1297        return except_(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

def subquery( self, alias: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery: View Source

    1022    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1023        """
    1024        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1025
    1026        Example:
    1027            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1028            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1029            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1030
    1031        Args:
    1032            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1033            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1034        """
    1035        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1036        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1037            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1038
    1039        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)

Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.

###### Example:

>     >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
>     >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'

###### Arguments:

- alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

def limit( self: ~Q, expression: Union[str, Expression, int], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1041    def limit(
    1042        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1043    ) -> Q:
    1044        """
    1045        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1046
    1047        Example:
    1048            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1049            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1050
    1051        Args:
    1052            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1053                This can also be an integer.
    1054                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1055                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1056            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1057            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1058            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1059
    1060        Returns:
    1061            A limited Select expression.
    1062        """
    1063        return _apply_builder(
    1064            expression=expression,
    1065            instance=self,
    1066            arg="limit",
    1067            into=Limit,
    1068            prefix="LIMIT",
    1069            dialect=dialect,
    1070            copy=copy,
    1071            into_arg="expression",
    1072            **opts,
    1073        )

Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.

###### Example:

>     >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
>     'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. This can also be an integer. If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> A limited Select expression.

def offset( self: ~Q, expression: Union[str, Expression, int], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1075    def offset(
    1076        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1077    ) -> Q:
    1078        """
    1079        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1080
    1081        Example:
    1082            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1083            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1084
    1085        Args:
    1086            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1087                This can also be an integer.
    1088                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1089                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1090            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1091            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1092            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1093
    1094        Returns:
    1095            The modified Select expression.
    1096        """
    1097        return _apply_builder(
    1098            expression=expression,
    1099            instance=self,
    1100            arg="offset",
    1101            into=Offset,
    1102            prefix="OFFSET",
    1103            dialect=dialect,
    1104            copy=copy,
    1105            into_arg="expression",
    1106            **opts,
    1107        )

Set the OFFSET expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. This can also be an integer. If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def order_by( self: ~Q, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1109    def order_by(
    1110        self: Q,
    1111        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1112        append: bool = True,
    1113        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1114        copy: bool = True,
    1115        **opts,
    1116    ) -> Q:
    1117        """
    1118        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1119
    1120        Example:
    1121            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1122            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1123
    1124        Args:
    1125            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1126                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1127                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1128            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1129                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1130            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1131            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1132            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1133
    1134        Returns:
    1135            The modified Select expression.
    1136        """
    1137        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1138            *expressions,
    1139            instance=self,
    1140            arg="order",
    1141            append=append,
    1142            copy=copy,
    1143            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1144            into=Order,
    1145            dialect=dialect,
    1146            **opts,
    1147        )

Set the ORDER BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

ctes: List[CTE] View Source

    1149    @property
    1150    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1151        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1152        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1153        return with_.expressions if with_ else []

Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1155    @property
    1156    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1157        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1158        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")

Returns the query's projections.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1160    @property
    1161    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1162        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1163        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

def select( self: ~Q, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1165    def select(
    1166        self: Q,
    1167        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1168        append: bool = True,
    1169        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1170        copy: bool = True,
    1171        **opts,
    1172    ) -> Q:
    1173        """
    1174        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1175
    1176        Example:
    1177            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1178            'SELECT x, y'
    1179
    1180        Args:
    1181            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1182                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1183            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1184                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1185            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1186            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1187            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1188
    1189        Returns:
    1190            The modified Query expression.
    1191        """
    1192        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

def with_( self: ~Q, alias: Union[str, Expression], as_: Union[str, Expression], recursive: Optional[bool] = None, append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1194    def with_(
    1195        self: Q,
    1196        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1197        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1198        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1199        append: bool = True,
    1200        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1201        copy: bool = True,
    1202        **opts,
    1203    ) -> Q:
    1204        """
    1205        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1206
    1207        Example:
    1208            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1209            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1210
    1211        Args:
    1212            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1213                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1214            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1215                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1216            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1217            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1218                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1219            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1220            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1221            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1222
    1223        Returns:
    1224            The modified expression.
    1225        """
    1226        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1227            self, alias, as_, recursive=recursive, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    1228        )

Append to or set the common table expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
>     'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'

###### Arguments:

- alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

def union( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Union: View Source

    1230    def union(
    1231        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1232    ) -> Union:
    1233        """
    1234        Builds a UNION expression.
    1235
    1236        Example:
    1237            >>> import sqlglot
    1238            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1239            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1240
    1241        Args:
    1242            expression: the SQL code string.
    1243                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1244            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1245            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1246            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1247
    1248        Returns:
    1249            The new Union expression.
    1250        """
    1251        return union(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds a UNION expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Union expression.

def intersect( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Intersect: View Source

    1253    def intersect(
    1254        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1255    ) -> Intersect:
    1256        """
    1257        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1258
    1259        Example:
    1260            >>> import sqlglot
    1261            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1262            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1263
    1264        Args:
    1265            expression: the SQL code string.
    1266                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1267            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1268            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1269            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1270
    1271        Returns:
    1272            The new Intersect expression.
    1273        """
    1274        return intersect(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds an INTERSECT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Intersect expression.

def except_( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Except: View Source

    1276    def except_(
    1277        self, expression: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1278    ) -> Except:
    1279        """
    1280        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1281
    1282        Example:
    1283            >>> import sqlglot
    1284            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1285            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1286
    1287        Args:
    1288            expression: the SQL code string.
    1289                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1290            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1291            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1292            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1293
    1294        Returns:
    1295            The new Except expression.
    1296        """
    1297        return except_(left=self, right=expression, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds an EXCEPT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Except expression.

key = 'query'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class UDTF(DerivedTable): View Source

    1300class UDTF(DerivedTable):
    1301    @property
    1302    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1303        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1304        return alias.columns if alias else []

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1301    @property
    1302    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1303        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1304        return alias.columns if alias else []

key = 'udtf'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Cache(Expression): View Source

    1307class Cache(Expression):
    1308    arg_types = {
    1309        "this": True,
    1310        "lazy": False,
    1311        "options": False,
    1312        "expression": False,
    1313    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'lazy': False, 'options': False, 'expression': False}
key = 'cache'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Uncache(Expression): View Source

    1316class Uncache(Expression):
    1317    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'uncache'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Refresh(Expression): View Source

    1320class Refresh(Expression):
    1321    pass

key = 'refresh'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DDL(Expression): View Source

    1324class DDL(Expression):
    1325    @property
    1326    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1327        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1328        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1329        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1330
    1331    @property
    1332    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1333        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1334        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1335
    1336    @property
    1337    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1338        """
    1339        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1340        names of the query's projections.
    1341        """
    1342        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

ctes: List[CTE] View Source

    1325    @property
    1326    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1327        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1328        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1329        return with_.expressions if with_ else []

Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1331    @property
    1332    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1333        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1334        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1336    @property
    1337    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1338        """
    1339        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1340        names of the query's projections.
    1341        """
    1342        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output names of the query's projections.

key = 'ddl'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  asc
  desc

class DML(Expression): View Source

    1345class DML(Expression):
    1346    def returning(
    1347        self,
    1348        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1349        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1350        copy: bool = True,
    1351        **opts,
    1352    ) -> DML:
    1353        """
    1354        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1355
    1356        Example:
    1357            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1358            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1359
    1360        Args:
    1361            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1362                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1363            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1364            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1365            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1366
    1367        Returns:
    1368            Delete: the modified expression.
    1369        """
    1370        return _apply_builder(
    1371            expression=expression,
    1372            instance=self,
    1373            arg="returning",
    1374            prefix="RETURNING",
    1375            dialect=dialect,
    1376            copy=copy,
    1377            into=Returning,
    1378            **opts,
    1379        )

def returning( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> DML: View Source

    1346    def returning(
    1347        self,
    1348        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1349        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1350        copy: bool = True,
    1351        **opts,
    1352    ) -> DML:
    1353        """
    1354        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1355
    1356        Example:
    1357            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1358            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1359
    1360        Args:
    1361            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1362                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1363            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1364            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1365            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1366
    1367        Returns:
    1368            Delete: the modified expression.
    1369        """
    1370        return _apply_builder(
    1371            expression=expression,
    1372            instance=self,
    1373            arg="returning",
    1374            prefix="RETURNING",
    1375            dialect=dialect,
    1376            copy=copy,
    1377            into=Returning,
    1378            **opts,
    1379        )

Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

key = 'dml'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Create(DDL): View Source

    1382class Create(DDL):
    1383    arg_types = {
    1384        "with": False,
    1385        "this": True,
    1386        "kind": True,
    1387        "expression": False,
    1388        "exists": False,
    1389        "properties": False,
    1390        "replace": False,
    1391        "unique": False,
    1392        "indexes": False,
    1393        "no_schema_binding": False,
    1394        "begin": False,
    1395        "end": False,
    1396        "clone": False,
    1397    }
    1398
    1399    @property
    1400    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1401        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1402        return kind and kind.upper()

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': False, 'exists': False, 'properties': False, 'replace': False, 'unique': False, 'indexes': False, 'no_schema_binding': False, 'begin': False, 'end': False, 'clone': False}
kind: Optional[str] View Source

    1399    @property
    1400    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1401        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1402        return kind and kind.upper()

key = 'create'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DDL
  ctes
  selects
  named_selects

class SequenceProperties(Expression): View Source

    1405class SequenceProperties(Expression):
    1406    arg_types = {
    1407        "increment": False,
    1408        "minvalue": False,
    1409        "maxvalue": False,
    1410        "cache": False,
    1411        "start": False,
    1412        "owned": False,
    1413        "options": False,
    1414    }

arg_types = {'increment': False, 'minvalue': False, 'maxvalue': False, 'cache': False, 'start': False, 'owned': False, 'options': False}
key = 'sequenceproperties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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class TruncateTable(Expression): View Source

    1417class TruncateTable(Expression):
    1418    arg_types = {
    1419        "expressions": True,
    1420        "is_database": False,
    1421        "exists": False,
    1422        "only": False,
    1423        "cluster": False,
    1424        "identity": False,
    1425        "option": False,
    1426        "partition": False,
    1427    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'is_database': False, 'exists': False, 'only': False, 'cluster': False, 'identity': False, 'option': False, 'partition': False}
key = 'truncatetable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Clone(Expression): View Source

    1433class Clone(Expression):
    1434    arg_types = {"this": True, "shallow": False, "copy": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'shallow': False, 'copy': False}
key = 'clone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Describe(Expression): View Source

    1437class Describe(Expression):
    1438    arg_types = {"this": True, "style": False, "kind": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'style': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'describe'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
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  desc

class Kill(Expression): View Source

    1441class Kill(Expression):
    1442    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'kill'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Pragma(Expression): View Source

    1445class Pragma(Expression):
    1446    pass

key = 'pragma'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  asc
  desc

class Declare(Expression): View Source

    1449class Declare(Expression):
    1450    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'declare'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class DeclareItem(Expression): View Source

    1453class DeclareItem(Expression):
    1454    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'default': False}
key = 'declareitem'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Set(Expression): View Source

    1457class Set(Expression):
    1458    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "unset": False, "tag": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'unset': False, 'tag': False}
key = 'set'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Heredoc(Expression): View Source

    1461class Heredoc(Expression):
    1462    arg_types = {"this": True, "tag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'tag': False}
key = 'heredoc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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class SetItem(Expression): View Source

    1465class SetItem(Expression):
    1466    arg_types = {
    1467        "this": False,
    1468        "expressions": False,
    1469        "kind": False,
    1470        "collate": False,  # MySQL SET NAMES statement
    1471        "global": False,
    1472    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'kind': False, 'collate': False, 'global': False}
key = 'setitem'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Show(Expression): View Source

    1475class Show(Expression):
    1476    arg_types = {
    1477        "this": True,
    1478        "history": False,
    1479        "terse": False,
    1480        "target": False,
    1481        "offset": False,
    1482        "starts_with": False,
    1483        "limit": False,
    1484        "from": False,
    1485        "like": False,
    1486        "where": False,
    1487        "db": False,
    1488        "scope": False,
    1489        "scope_kind": False,
    1490        "full": False,
    1491        "mutex": False,
    1492        "query": False,
    1493        "channel": False,
    1494        "global": False,
    1495        "log": False,
    1496        "position": False,
    1497        "types": False,
    1498    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'history': False, 'terse': False, 'target': False, 'offset': False, 'starts_with': False, 'limit': False, 'from': False, 'like': False, 'where': False, 'db': False, 'scope': False, 'scope_kind': False, 'full': False, 'mutex': False, 'query': False, 'channel': False, 'global': False, 'log': False, 'position': False, 'types': False}
key = 'show'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class UserDefinedFunction(Expression): View Source

    1501class UserDefinedFunction(Expression):
    1502    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "wrapped": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'wrapped': False}
key = 'userdefinedfunction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class CharacterSet(Expression): View Source

    1505class CharacterSet(Expression):
    1506    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': False}
key = 'characterset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class With(Expression): View Source

    1509class With(Expression):
    1510    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "recursive": False}
    1511
    1512    @property
    1513    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1514        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'recursive': False}
recursive: bool View Source

    1512    @property
    1513    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1514        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))

key = 'with'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class WithinGroup(Expression): View Source

    1517class WithinGroup(Expression):
    1518    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'withingroup'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class CTE(DerivedTable): View Source

    1523class CTE(DerivedTable):
    1524    arg_types = {
    1525        "this": True,
    1526        "alias": True,
    1527        "scalar": False,
    1528        "materialized": False,
    1529    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': True, 'scalar': False, 'materialized': False}
key = 'cte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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DerivedTable
  selects
  named_selects

class ProjectionDef(Expression): View Source

    1532class ProjectionDef(Expression):
    1533    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'projectiondef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class TableAlias(Expression): View Source

    1536class TableAlias(Expression):
    1537    arg_types = {"this": False, "columns": False}
    1538
    1539    @property
    1540    def columns(self):
    1541        return self.args.get("columns") or []

arg_types = {'this': False, 'columns': False}
columns View Source

    1539    @property
    1540    def columns(self):
    1541        return self.args.get("columns") or []

key = 'tablealias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class BitString(Condition): View Source

    1544class BitString(Condition):
    1545    pass

key = 'bitstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class HexString(Condition): View Source

    1548class HexString(Condition):
    1549    pass

key = 'hexstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ByteString(Condition): View Source

    1552class ByteString(Condition):
    1553    pass

key = 'bytestring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RawString(Condition): View Source

    1556class RawString(Condition):
    1557    pass

key = 'rawstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class UnicodeString(Condition): View Source

    1560class UnicodeString(Condition):
    1561    arg_types = {"this": True, "escape": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'escape': False}
key = 'unicodestring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Column(Condition): View Source

    1564class Column(Condition):
    1565    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False, "db": False, "catalog": False, "join_mark": False}
    1566
    1567    @property
    1568    def table(self) -> str:
    1569        return self.text("table")
    1570
    1571    @property
    1572    def db(self) -> str:
    1573        return self.text("db")
    1574
    1575    @property
    1576    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1577        return self.text("catalog")
    1578
    1579    @property
    1580    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1581        return self.name
    1582
    1583    @property
    1584    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1585        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1586        return [
    1587            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1588            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1589            if self.args.get(part)
    1590        ]
    1591
    1592    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1593        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1594        parts = self.parts
    1595        parent = self.parent
    1596
    1597        while parent:
    1598            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1599                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1600            parent = parent.parent
    1601
    1602        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'table': False, 'db': False, 'catalog': False, 'join_mark': False}
table: str View Source

    1567    @property
    1568    def table(self) -> str:
    1569        return self.text("table")

db: str View Source

    1571    @property
    1572    def db(self) -> str:
    1573        return self.text("db")

catalog: str View Source

    1575    @property
    1576    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1577        return self.text("catalog")

output_name: str View Source

    1579    @property
    1580    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1581        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

parts: List[Identifier] View Source

    1583    @property
    1584    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1585        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1586        return [
    1587            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1588            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1589            if self.args.get(part)
    1590        ]

Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name.

def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier: View Source

    1592    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1593        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1594        parts = self.parts
    1595        parent = self.parent
    1596
    1597        while parent:
    1598            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1599                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1600            parent = parent.parent
    1601
    1602        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]

Converts the column into a dot expression.

key = 'column'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ColumnPosition(Expression): View Source

    1605class ColumnPosition(Expression):
    1606    arg_types = {"this": False, "position": True}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'position': True}
key = 'columnposition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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class ColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    1609class ColumnDef(Expression):
    1610    arg_types = {
    1611        "this": True,
    1612        "kind": False,
    1613        "constraints": False,
    1614        "exists": False,
    1615        "position": False,
    1616    }
    1617
    1618    @property
    1619    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1620        return self.args.get("constraints") or []
    1621
    1622    @property
    1623    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1624        return self.args.get("kind")

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False, 'constraints': False, 'exists': False, 'position': False}
constraints: List[ColumnConstraint] View Source

    1618    @property
    1619    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1620        return self.args.get("constraints") or []

kind: Optional[DataType] View Source

    1622    @property
    1623    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1624        return self.args.get("kind")

key = 'columndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
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class AlterColumn(Expression): View Source

    1627class AlterColumn(Expression):
    1628    arg_types = {
    1629        "this": True,
    1630        "dtype": False,
    1631        "collate": False,
    1632        "using": False,
    1633        "default": False,
    1634        "drop": False,
    1635        "comment": False,
    1636        "allow_null": False,
    1637    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'dtype': False, 'collate': False, 'using': False, 'default': False, 'drop': False, 'comment': False, 'allow_null': False}
key = 'altercolumn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterDistStyle(Expression): View Source

    1641class AlterDistStyle(Expression):
    1642    pass

key = 'alterdiststyle'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
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class AlterSortKey(Expression): View Source

    1645class AlterSortKey(Expression):
    1646    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "compound": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'compound': False}
key = 'altersortkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterSet(Expression): View Source

    1649class AlterSet(Expression):
    1650    arg_types = {
    1651        "expressions": False,
    1652        "option": False,
    1653        "tablespace": False,
    1654        "access_method": False,
    1655        "file_format": False,
    1656        "copy_options": False,
    1657        "tag": False,
    1658        "location": False,
    1659        "serde": False,
    1660    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'option': False, 'tablespace': False, 'access_method': False, 'file_format': False, 'copy_options': False, 'tag': False, 'location': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'alterset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RenameColumn(Expression): View Source

    1663class RenameColumn(Expression):
    1664    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'renamecolumn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RenameTable(Expression): View Source

    1667class RenameTable(Expression):
    1668    pass

key = 'renametable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SwapTable(Expression): View Source

    1671class SwapTable(Expression):
    1672    pass

key = 'swaptable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
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class Comment(Expression): View Source

    1675class Comment(Expression):
    1676    arg_types = {
    1677        "this": True,
    1678        "kind": True,
    1679        "expression": True,
    1680        "exists": False,
    1681        "materialized": False,
    1682    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': True, 'exists': False, 'materialized': False}
key = 'comment'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Comprehension(Expression): View Source

    1685class Comprehension(Expression):
    1686    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "iterator": True, "condition": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'iterator': True, 'condition': False}
key = 'comprehension'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  desc

class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression): View Source

    1690class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression):
    1691    arg_types = {
    1692        "this": True,
    1693        "delete": False,
    1694        "recompress": False,
    1695        "to_disk": False,
    1696        "to_volume": False,
    1697    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'delete': False, 'recompress': False, 'to_disk': False, 'to_volume': False}
key = 'mergetreettlaction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MergeTreeTTL(Expression): View Source

    1701class MergeTreeTTL(Expression):
    1702    arg_types = {
    1703        "expressions": True,
    1704        "where": False,
    1705        "group": False,
    1706        "aggregates": False,
    1707    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'aggregates': False}
key = 'mergetreettl'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
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class IndexConstraintOption(Expression): View Source

    1711class IndexConstraintOption(Expression):
    1712    arg_types = {
    1713        "key_block_size": False,
    1714        "using": False,
    1715        "parser": False,
    1716        "comment": False,
    1717        "visible": False,
    1718        "engine_attr": False,
    1719        "secondary_engine_attr": False,
    1720    }

arg_types = {'key_block_size': False, 'using': False, 'parser': False, 'comment': False, 'visible': False, 'engine_attr': False, 'secondary_engine_attr': False}
key = 'indexconstraintoption'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
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class ColumnConstraint(Expression): View Source

    1723class ColumnConstraint(Expression):
    1724    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": True}
    1725
    1726    @property
    1727    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1728        return self.args["kind"]

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': True}
kind: ColumnConstraintKind View Source

    1726    @property
    1727    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1728        return self.args["kind"]

key = 'columnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression): View Source

    1731class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression):
    1732    pass

key = 'columnconstraintkind'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1735class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1736    pass

key = 'autoincrementcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1739class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1740    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'periodforsystemtimeconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1743class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1744    arg_types = {"not_": True}

arg_types = {'not_': True}
key = 'casespecificcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1747class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1748    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'charactersetcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1751class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1752    arg_types = {"this": True, "enforced": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'enforced': False}
key = 'checkcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
  is_
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  asc
  desc

class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1755class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1756    pass

key = 'clusteredcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  asc
  desc

class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1759class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1760    pass

key = 'collatecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  desc

class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1763class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1764    pass

key = 'commentcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1767class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1768    pass

key = 'compresscolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1771class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1772    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'dateformatcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  div
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  desc

class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1775class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1776    pass

key = 'defaultcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1779class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1780    pass

key = 'encodecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
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class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1784class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1785    pass

key = 'excludecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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  to_s
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  transform
  replace
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class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1788class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1789    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'ephemeralcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
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class WithOperator(Expression): View Source

    1792class WithOperator(Expression):
    1793    arg_types = {"this": True, "op": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'op': True}
key = 'withoperator'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1796class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1797    # this: True -> ALWAYS, this: False -> BY DEFAULT
    1798    arg_types = {
    1799        "this": False,
    1800        "expression": False,
    1801        "on_null": False,
    1802        "start": False,
    1803        "increment": False,
    1804        "minvalue": False,
    1805        "maxvalue": False,
    1806        "cycle": False,
    1807    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'on_null': False, 'start': False, 'increment': False, 'minvalue': False, 'maxvalue': False, 'cycle': False}
key = 'generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1810class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1811    arg_types = {"start": False, "hidden": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'hidden': False}
key = 'generatedasrowcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
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  pop
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class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1816class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1817    arg_types = {
    1818        "this": False,
    1819        "expressions": False,
    1820        "kind": False,
    1821        "index_type": False,
    1822        "options": False,
    1823        "expression": False,  # Clickhouse
    1824        "granularity": False,
    1825    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'kind': False, 'index_type': False, 'options': False, 'expression': False, 'granularity': False}
key = 'indexcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1828class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1829    pass

key = 'inlinelengthcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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  walk
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class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1832class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1833    pass

key = 'nonclusteredcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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  walk
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class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1836class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1837    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'notforreplicationcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  root
  walk
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class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1841class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1842    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'maskingpolicycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
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class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1845class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1846    arg_types = {"allow_null": False}

arg_types = {'allow_null': False}
key = 'notnullcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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  dfs
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class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1850class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1851    pass

key = 'onupdatecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class TagColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1855class TagColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1856    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'tagcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1860class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1861    pass

key = 'transformcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1864class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1865    arg_types = {"desc": False}

arg_types = {'desc': False}
key = 'primarykeycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
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class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1868class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1869    pass

key = 'titlecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1872class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1873    arg_types = {"this": False, "index_type": False, "on_conflict": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'index_type': False, 'on_conflict': False}
key = 'uniquecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1876class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1877    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}

arg_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
key = 'uppercasecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1880class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1881    pass

key = 'pathcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1885class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1886    pass

key = 'projectionpolicycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1891class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1892    arg_types = {"this": True, "persisted": False, "not_null": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'persisted': False, 'not_null': False}
key = 'computedcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Constraint(Expression): View Source

    1895class Constraint(Expression):
    1896    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'constraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  isin
  between
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class Delete(DML): View Source

    1899class Delete(DML):
    1900    arg_types = {
    1901        "with": False,
    1902        "this": False,
    1903        "using": False,
    1904        "where": False,
    1905        "returning": False,
    1906        "limit": False,
    1907        "tables": False,  # Multiple-Table Syntax (MySQL)
    1908    }
    1909
    1910    def delete(
    1911        self,
    1912        table: ExpOrStr,
    1913        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1914        copy: bool = True,
    1915        **opts,
    1916    ) -> Delete:
    1917        """
    1918        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1919
    1920        Example:
    1921            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1922            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1923
    1924        Args:
    1925            table: the table from which to delete.
    1926            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1927            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1928            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1929
    1930        Returns:
    1931            Delete: the modified expression.
    1932        """
    1933        return _apply_builder(
    1934            expression=table,
    1935            instance=self,
    1936            arg="this",
    1937            dialect=dialect,
    1938            into=Table,
    1939            copy=copy,
    1940            **opts,
    1941        )
    1942
    1943    def where(
    1944        self,
    1945        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1946        append: bool = True,
    1947        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1948        copy: bool = True,
    1949        **opts,
    1950    ) -> Delete:
    1951        """
    1952        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    1953
    1954        Example:
    1955            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    1956            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    1957
    1958        Args:
    1959            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1960                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1961                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    1962            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    1963                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    1964            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1965            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1966            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1967
    1968        Returns:
    1969            Delete: the modified expression.
    1970        """
    1971        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    1972            *expressions,
    1973            instance=self,
    1974            arg="where",
    1975            append=append,
    1976            into=Where,
    1977            dialect=dialect,
    1978            copy=copy,
    1979            **opts,
    1980        )

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': False, 'using': False, 'where': False, 'returning': False, 'limit': False, 'tables': False}
def delete( self, table: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    1910    def delete(
    1911        self,
    1912        table: ExpOrStr,
    1913        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1914        copy: bool = True,
    1915        **opts,
    1916    ) -> Delete:
    1917        """
    1918        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1919
    1920        Example:
    1921            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1922            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1923
    1924        Args:
    1925            table: the table from which to delete.
    1926            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1927            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1928            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1929
    1930        Returns:
    1931            Delete: the modified expression.
    1932        """
    1933        return _apply_builder(
    1934            expression=table,
    1935            instance=self,
    1936            arg="this",
    1937            dialect=dialect,
    1938            into=Table,
    1939            copy=copy,
    1940            **opts,
    1941        )

Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- table: the table from which to delete.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

def where( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    1943    def where(
    1944        self,
    1945        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1946        append: bool = True,
    1947        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1948        copy: bool = True,
    1949        **opts,
    1950    ) -> Delete:
    1951        """
    1952        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    1953
    1954        Example:
    1955            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    1956            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    1957
    1958        Args:
    1959            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1960                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1961                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    1962            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    1963                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    1964            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1965            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1966            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1967
    1968        Returns:
    1969            Delete: the modified expression.
    1970        """
    1971        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    1972            *expressions,
    1973            instance=self,
    1974            arg="where",
    1975            append=append,
    1976            into=Where,
    1977            dialect=dialect,
    1978            copy=copy,
    1979            **opts,
    1980        )

Append to or set the WHERE expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
>     "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

key = 'delete'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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DML
  returning

class Drop(Expression): View Source

    1983class Drop(Expression):
    1984    arg_types = {
    1985        "this": False,
    1986        "kind": False,
    1987        "expressions": False,
    1988        "exists": False,
    1989        "temporary": False,
    1990        "materialized": False,
    1991        "cascade": False,
    1992        "constraints": False,
    1993        "purge": False,
    1994        "cluster": False,
    1995    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False, 'exists': False, 'temporary': False, 'materialized': False, 'cascade': False, 'constraints': False, 'purge': False, 'cluster': False}
key = 'drop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Filter(Expression): View Source

    1998class Filter(Expression):
    1999    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'filter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  asc
  desc

class Check(Expression): View Source

    2002class Check(Expression):
    2003    pass

key = 'check'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Connect(Expression): View Source

    2007class Connect(Expression):
    2008    arg_types = {"start": False, "connect": True, "nocycle": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'connect': True, 'nocycle': False}
key = 'connect'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class CopyParameter(Expression): View Source

    2011class CopyParameter(Expression):
    2012    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'copyparameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Copy(Expression): View Source

    2015class Copy(Expression):
    2016    arg_types = {
    2017        "this": True,
    2018        "kind": True,
    2019        "files": True,
    2020        "credentials": False,
    2021        "format": False,
    2022        "params": False,
    2023    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'files': True, 'credentials': False, 'format': False, 'params': False}
key = 'copy'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class Credentials(Expression): View Source

    2026class Credentials(Expression):
    2027    arg_types = {
    2028        "credentials": False,
    2029        "encryption": False,
    2030        "storage": False,
    2031        "iam_role": False,
    2032        "region": False,
    2033    }

arg_types = {'credentials': False, 'encryption': False, 'storage': False, 'iam_role': False, 'region': False}
key = 'credentials'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Prior(Expression): View Source

    2036class Prior(Expression):
    2037    pass

key = 'prior'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Directory(Expression): View Source

    2040class Directory(Expression):
    2041    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-preview/sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory-hive.html
    2042    arg_types = {"this": True, "local": False, "row_format": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'local': False, 'row_format': False}
key = 'directory'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class ForeignKey(Expression): View Source

    2045class ForeignKey(Expression):
    2046    arg_types = {
    2047        "expressions": True,
    2048        "reference": False,
    2049        "delete": False,
    2050        "update": False,
    2051    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'reference': False, 'delete': False, 'update': False}
key = 'foreignkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class ColumnPrefix(Expression): View Source

    2054class ColumnPrefix(Expression):
    2055    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'columnprefix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class PrimaryKey(Expression): View Source

    2058class PrimaryKey(Expression):
    2059    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "options": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'options': False}
key = 'primarykey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Into(Expression): View Source

    2064class Into(Expression):
    2065    arg_types = {"this": True, "temporary": False, "unlogged": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'temporary': False, 'unlogged': False}
key = 'into'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
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class From(Expression): View Source

    2068class From(Expression):
    2069    @property
    2070    def name(self) -> str:
    2071        return self.this.name
    2072
    2073    @property
    2074    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2075        return self.this.alias_or_name

name: str View Source

    2069    @property
    2070    def name(self) -> str:
    2071        return self.this.name

alias_or_name: str View Source

    2073    @property
    2074    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2075        return self.this.alias_or_name

key = 'from'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Having(Expression): View Source

    2078class Having(Expression):
    2079    pass

key = 'having'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Hint(Expression): View Source

    2082class Hint(Expression):
    2083    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'hint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class JoinHint(Expression): View Source

    2086class JoinHint(Expression):
    2087    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'joinhint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Identifier(Expression): View Source

    2090class Identifier(Expression):
    2091    arg_types = {"this": True, "quoted": False, "global": False, "temporary": False}
    2092
    2093    @property
    2094    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2095        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))
    2096
    2097    @property
    2098    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2099        return (self.this, self.quoted)
    2100
    2101    @property
    2102    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2103        return self.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quoted': False, 'global': False, 'temporary': False}
quoted: bool View Source

    2093    @property
    2094    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2095        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))

hashable_args: Any View Source

    2097    @property
    2098    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2099        return (self.this, self.quoted)

output_name: str View Source

    2101    @property
    2102    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2103        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'identifier'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Opclass(Expression): View Source

    2107class Opclass(Expression):
    2108    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'opclass'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Index(Expression): View Source

    2111class Index(Expression):
    2112    arg_types = {
    2113        "this": False,
    2114        "table": False,
    2115        "unique": False,
    2116        "primary": False,
    2117        "amp": False,  # teradata
    2118        "params": False,
    2119    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'table': False, 'unique': False, 'primary': False, 'amp': False, 'params': False}
key = 'index'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class IndexParameters(Expression): View Source

    2122class IndexParameters(Expression):
    2123    arg_types = {
    2124        "using": False,
    2125        "include": False,
    2126        "columns": False,
    2127        "with_storage": False,
    2128        "partition_by": False,
    2129        "tablespace": False,
    2130        "where": False,
    2131    }

arg_types = {'using': False, 'include': False, 'columns': False, 'with_storage': False, 'partition_by': False, 'tablespace': False, 'where': False}
key = 'indexparameters'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Insert(DDL, DML): View Source

    2134class Insert(DDL, DML):
    2135    arg_types = {
    2136        "hint": False,
    2137        "with": False,
    2138        "is_function": False,
    2139        "this": False,
    2140        "expression": False,
    2141        "conflict": False,
    2142        "returning": False,
    2143        "overwrite": False,
    2144        "exists": False,
    2145        "alternative": False,
    2146        "where": False,
    2147        "ignore": False,
    2148        "by_name": False,
    2149        "stored": False,
    2150    }
    2151
    2152    def with_(
    2153        self,
    2154        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2155        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2156        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2157        append: bool = True,
    2158        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2159        copy: bool = True,
    2160        **opts,
    2161    ) -> Insert:
    2162        """
    2163        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2164
    2165        Example:
    2166            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2167            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2168
    2169        Args:
    2170            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2171                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2172            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2173                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2174            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2175            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2176                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2177            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2178            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2179            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2180
    2181        Returns:
    2182            The modified expression.
    2183        """
    2184        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2185            self, alias, as_, recursive=recursive, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    2186        )

arg_types = {'hint': False, 'with': False, 'is_function': False, 'this': False, 'expression': False, 'conflict': False, 'returning': False, 'overwrite': False, 'exists': False, 'alternative': False, 'where': False, 'ignore': False, 'by_name': False, 'stored': False}
def with_( self, alias: Union[str, Expression], as_: Union[str, Expression], recursive: Optional[bool] = None, append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Insert: View Source

    2152    def with_(
    2153        self,
    2154        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2155        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2156        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2157        append: bool = True,
    2158        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2159        copy: bool = True,
    2160        **opts,
    2161    ) -> Insert:
    2162        """
    2163        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2164
    2165        Example:
    2166            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2167            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2168
    2169        Args:
    2170            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2171                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2172            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2173                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2174            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2175            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2176                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2177            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2178            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2179            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2180
    2181        Returns:
    2182            The modified expression.
    2183        """
    2184        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2185            self, alias, as_, recursive=recursive, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    2186        )

Append to or set the common table expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
>     'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'

###### Arguments:

- alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

key = 'insert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DDL
  ctes
  selects
  named_selects
DML
  returning

class OnConflict(Expression): View Source

    2189class OnConflict(Expression):
    2190    arg_types = {
    2191        "duplicate": False,
    2192        "expressions": False,
    2193        "action": False,
    2194        "conflict_keys": False,
    2195        "constraint": False,
    2196    }

arg_types = {'duplicate': False, 'expressions': False, 'action': False, 'conflict_keys': False, 'constraint': False}
key = 'onconflict'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Returning(Expression): View Source

    2199class Returning(Expression):
    2200    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "into": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'into': False}
key = 'returning'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Introducer(Expression): View Source

    2204class Introducer(Expression):
    2205    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'introducer'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class National(Expression): View Source

    2209class National(Expression):
    2210    pass

key = 'national'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LoadData(Expression): View Source

    2213class LoadData(Expression):
    2214    arg_types = {
    2215        "this": True,
    2216        "local": False,
    2217        "overwrite": False,
    2218        "inpath": True,
    2219        "partition": False,
    2220        "input_format": False,
    2221        "serde": False,
    2222    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'local': False, 'overwrite': False, 'inpath': True, 'partition': False, 'input_format': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'loaddata'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Partition(Expression): View Source

    2225class Partition(Expression):
    2226    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'partition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PartitionRange(Expression): View Source

    2229class PartitionRange(Expression):
    2230    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'partitionrange'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PartitionId(Expression): View Source

    2234class PartitionId(Expression):
    2235    pass

key = 'partitionid'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Fetch(Expression): View Source

    2238class Fetch(Expression):
    2239    arg_types = {
    2240        "direction": False,
    2241        "count": False,
    2242        "percent": False,
    2243        "with_ties": False,
    2244    }

arg_types = {'direction': False, 'count': False, 'percent': False, 'with_ties': False}
key = 'fetch'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Group(Expression): View Source

    2247class Group(Expression):
    2248    arg_types = {
    2249        "expressions": False,
    2250        "grouping_sets": False,
    2251        "cube": False,
    2252        "rollup": False,
    2253        "totals": False,
    2254        "all": False,
    2255    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'grouping_sets': False, 'cube': False, 'rollup': False, 'totals': False, 'all': False}
key = 'group'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Lambda(Expression): View Source

    2258class Lambda(Expression):
    2259    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'lambda'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Limit(Expression): View Source

    2262class Limit(Expression):
    2263    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "offset": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': True, 'offset': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'limit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Literal(Condition): View Source

    2266class Literal(Condition):
    2267    arg_types = {"this": True, "is_string": True}
    2268
    2269    @property
    2270    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2271        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))
    2272
    2273    @classmethod
    2274    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2275        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)
    2276
    2277    @classmethod
    2278    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2279        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)
    2280
    2281    @property
    2282    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2283        return self.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'is_string': True}
hashable_args: Any View Source

    2269    @property
    2270    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2271        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))

@classmethod
def number(cls, number) -> Literal: View Source

    2273    @classmethod
    2274    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2275        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)

@classmethod
def string(cls, string) -> Literal: View Source

    2277    @classmethod
    2278    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2279        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)

output_name: str View Source

    2281    @property
    2282    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2283        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'literal'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Join(Expression): View Source

    2286class Join(Expression):
    2287    arg_types = {
    2288        "this": True,
    2289        "on": False,
    2290        "side": False,
    2291        "kind": False,
    2292        "using": False,
    2293        "method": False,
    2294        "global": False,
    2295        "hint": False,
    2296        "match_condition": False,  # Snowflake
    2297    }
    2298
    2299    @property
    2300    def method(self) -> str:
    2301        return self.text("method").upper()
    2302
    2303    @property
    2304    def kind(self) -> str:
    2305        return self.text("kind").upper()
    2306
    2307    @property
    2308    def side(self) -> str:
    2309        return self.text("side").upper()
    2310
    2311    @property
    2312    def hint(self) -> str:
    2313        return self.text("hint").upper()
    2314
    2315    @property
    2316    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2317        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2318
    2319    def on(
    2320        self,
    2321        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2322        append: bool = True,
    2323        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2324        copy: bool = True,
    2325        **opts,
    2326    ) -> Join:
    2327        """
    2328        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2329
    2330        Example:
    2331            >>> import sqlglot
    2332            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2333            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2334
    2335        Args:
    2336            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2337                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2338                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2339            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2340                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2341            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2342            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2343            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2344
    2345        Returns:
    2346            The modified Join expression.
    2347        """
    2348        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2349            *expressions,
    2350            instance=self,
    2351            arg="on",
    2352            append=append,
    2353            dialect=dialect,
    2354            copy=copy,
    2355            **opts,
    2356        )
    2357
    2358        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2359            join.set("kind", None)
    2360
    2361        return join
    2362
    2363    def using(
    2364        self,
    2365        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2366        append: bool = True,
    2367        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2368        copy: bool = True,
    2369        **opts,
    2370    ) -> Join:
    2371        """
    2372        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2373
    2374        Example:
    2375            >>> import sqlglot
    2376            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2377            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2378
    2379        Args:
    2380            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2381                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2382            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2383                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2384            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2385            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2386            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2387
    2388        Returns:
    2389            The modified Join expression.
    2390        """
    2391        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2392            *expressions,
    2393            instance=self,
    2394            arg="using",
    2395            append=append,
    2396            dialect=dialect,
    2397            copy=copy,
    2398            **opts,
    2399        )
    2400
    2401        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2402            join.set("kind", None)
    2403
    2404        return join

arg_types = {'this': True, 'on': False, 'side': False, 'kind': False, 'using': False, 'method': False, 'global': False, 'hint': False, 'match_condition': False}
method: str View Source

    2299    @property
    2300    def method(self) -> str:
    2301        return self.text("method").upper()

kind: str View Source

    2303    @property
    2304    def kind(self) -> str:
    2305        return self.text("kind").upper()

side: str View Source

    2307    @property
    2308    def side(self) -> str:
    2309        return self.text("side").upper()

hint: str View Source

    2311    @property
    2312    def hint(self) -> str:
    2313        return self.text("hint").upper()

alias_or_name: str View Source

    2315    @property
    2316    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2317        return self.this.alias_or_name

def on( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Join: View Source

    2319    def on(
    2320        self,
    2321        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2322        append: bool = True,
    2323        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2324        copy: bool = True,
    2325        **opts,
    2326    ) -> Join:
    2327        """
    2328        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2329
    2330        Example:
    2331            >>> import sqlglot
    2332            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2333            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2334
    2335        Args:
    2336            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2337                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2338                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2339            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2340                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2341            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2342            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2343            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2344
    2345        Returns:
    2346            The modified Join expression.
    2347        """
    2348        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2349            *expressions,
    2350            instance=self,
    2351            arg="on",
    2352            append=append,
    2353            dialect=dialect,
    2354            copy=copy,
    2355            **opts,
    2356        )
    2357
    2358        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2359            join.set("kind", None)
    2360
    2361        return join

Append to or set the ON expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
>     'JOIN x ON y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Join expression.

def using( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Join: View Source

    2363    def using(
    2364        self,
    2365        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2366        append: bool = True,
    2367        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2368        copy: bool = True,
    2369        **opts,
    2370    ) -> Join:
    2371        """
    2372        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2373
    2374        Example:
    2375            >>> import sqlglot
    2376            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2377            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2378
    2379        Args:
    2380            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2381                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2382            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2383                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2384            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2385            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2386            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2387
    2388        Returns:
    2389            The modified Join expression.
    2390        """
    2391        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2392            *expressions,
    2393            instance=self,
    2394            arg="using",
    2395            append=append,
    2396            dialect=dialect,
    2397            copy=copy,
    2398            **opts,
    2399        )
    2400
    2401        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2402            join.set("kind", None)
    2403
    2404        return join

Append to or set the USING expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
>     'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Join expression.

key = 'join'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Lateral(UDTF): View Source

    2407class Lateral(UDTF):
    2408    arg_types = {
    2409        "this": True,
    2410        "view": False,
    2411        "outer": False,
    2412        "alias": False,
    2413        "cross_apply": False,  # True -> CROSS APPLY, False -> OUTER APPLY
    2414    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'view': False, 'outer': False, 'alias': False, 'cross_apply': False}
key = 'lateral'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression): View Source

    2417class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression):
    2418    arg_types = {
    2419        "this": True,
    2420        "window_frame": False,
    2421    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'window_frame': False}
key = 'matchrecognizemeasure'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MatchRecognize(Expression): View Source

    2424class MatchRecognize(Expression):
    2425    arg_types = {
    2426        "partition_by": False,
    2427        "order": False,
    2428        "measures": False,
    2429        "rows": False,
    2430        "after": False,
    2431        "pattern": False,
    2432        "define": False,
    2433        "alias": False,
    2434    }

arg_types = {'partition_by': False, 'order': False, 'measures': False, 'rows': False, 'after': False, 'pattern': False, 'define': False, 'alias': False}
key = 'matchrecognize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Final(Expression): View Source

    2439class Final(Expression):
    2440    pass

key = 'final'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Offset(Expression): View Source

    2443class Offset(Expression):
    2444    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'offset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Order(Expression): View Source

    2447class Order(Expression):
    2448    arg_types = {
    2449        "this": False,
    2450        "expressions": True,
    2451        "interpolate": False,
    2452        "siblings": False,
    2453    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': True, 'interpolate': False, 'siblings': False}
key = 'order'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WithFill(Expression): View Source

    2457class WithFill(Expression):
    2458    arg_types = {"from": False, "to": False, "step": False}

arg_types = {'from': False, 'to': False, 'step': False}
key = 'withfill'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Cluster(Order): View Source

    2463class Cluster(Order):
    2464    pass

key = 'cluster'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Distribute(Order): View Source

    2467class Distribute(Order):
    2468    pass

key = 'distribute'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Sort(Order): View Source

    2471class Sort(Order):
    2472    pass

key = 'sort'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Ordered(Expression): View Source

    2475class Ordered(Expression):
    2476    arg_types = {"this": True, "desc": False, "nulls_first": True, "with_fill": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'desc': False, 'nulls_first': True, 'with_fill': False}
key = 'ordered'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Property(Expression): View Source

    2479class Property(Expression):
    2480    arg_types = {"this": True, "value": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'value': True}
key = 'property'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression): View Source

    2483class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression):
    2484    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'allowedvaluesproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlgorithmProperty(Property): View Source

    2487class AlgorithmProperty(Property):
    2488    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'algorithmproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AutoIncrementProperty(Property): View Source

    2491class AutoIncrementProperty(Property):
    2492    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'autoincrementproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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class AutoRefreshProperty(Property): View Source

    2496class AutoRefreshProperty(Property):
    2497    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'autorefreshproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class BackupProperty(Property): View Source

    2500class BackupProperty(Property):
    2501    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'backupproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class BlockCompressionProperty(Property): View Source

    2504class BlockCompressionProperty(Property):
    2505    arg_types = {
    2506        "autotemp": False,
    2507        "always": False,
    2508        "default": False,
    2509        "manual": False,
    2510        "never": False,
    2511    }

arg_types = {'autotemp': False, 'always': False, 'default': False, 'manual': False, 'never': False}
key = 'blockcompressionproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class CharacterSetProperty(Property): View Source

    2514class CharacterSetProperty(Property):
    2515    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': True}
key = 'charactersetproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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  isin
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class ChecksumProperty(Property): View Source

    2518class ChecksumProperty(Property):
    2519    arg_types = {"on": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'on': False, 'default': False}
key = 'checksumproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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  isin
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class CollateProperty(Property): View Source

    2522class CollateProperty(Property):
    2523    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': False}
key = 'collateproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class CopyGrantsProperty(Property): View Source

    2526class CopyGrantsProperty(Property):
    2527    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'copygrantsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
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class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property): View Source

    2530class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property):
    2531    arg_types = {
    2532        "size": False,
    2533        "units": False,
    2534        "minimum": False,
    2535        "maximum": False,
    2536        "default": False,
    2537    }

arg_types = {'size': False, 'units': False, 'minimum': False, 'maximum': False, 'default': False}
key = 'datablocksizeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class DataDeletionProperty(Property): View Source

    2540class DataDeletionProperty(Property):
    2541    arg_types = {"on": True, "filter_col": False, "retention_period": False}

arg_types = {'on': True, 'filter_col': False, 'retention_period': False}
key = 'datadeletionproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class DefinerProperty(Property): View Source

    2544class DefinerProperty(Property):
    2545    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'definerproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class DistKeyProperty(Property): View Source

    2548class DistKeyProperty(Property):
    2549    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'distkeyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class DistStyleProperty(Property): View Source

    2552class DistStyleProperty(Property):
    2553    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'diststyleproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class EngineProperty(Property): View Source

    2556class EngineProperty(Property):
    2557    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'engineproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  desc

class HeapProperty(Property): View Source

    2560class HeapProperty(Property):
    2561    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'heapproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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  isin
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  desc

class ToTableProperty(Property): View Source

    2564class ToTableProperty(Property):
    2565    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'totableproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class ExecuteAsProperty(Property): View Source

    2568class ExecuteAsProperty(Property):
    2569    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'executeasproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  desc

class ExternalProperty(Property): View Source

    2572class ExternalProperty(Property):
    2573    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'externalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class FallbackProperty(Property): View Source

    2576class FallbackProperty(Property):
    2577    arg_types = {"no": True, "protection": False}

arg_types = {'no': True, 'protection': False}
key = 'fallbackproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
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class FileFormatProperty(Property): View Source

    2580class FileFormatProperty(Property):
    2581    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'fileformatproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class FreespaceProperty(Property): View Source

    2584class FreespaceProperty(Property):
    2585    arg_types = {"this": True, "percent": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'percent': False}
key = 'freespaceproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class GlobalProperty(Property): View Source

    2588class GlobalProperty(Property):
    2589    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'globalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IcebergProperty(Property): View Source

    2592class IcebergProperty(Property):
    2593    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'icebergproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
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  desc

class InheritsProperty(Property): View Source

    2596class InheritsProperty(Property):
    2597    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'inheritsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
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  desc

class InputModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2600class InputModelProperty(Property):
    2601    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'inputmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class OutputModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2604class OutputModelProperty(Property):
    2605    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'outputmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
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  ilike
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  desc

class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property): View Source

    2608class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property):
    2609    arg_types = {"no": False, "concurrent": False, "target": False}

arg_types = {'no': False, 'concurrent': False, 'target': False}
key = 'isolatedloadingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JournalProperty(Property): View Source

    2612class JournalProperty(Property):
    2613    arg_types = {
    2614        "no": False,
    2615        "dual": False,
    2616        "before": False,
    2617        "local": False,
    2618        "after": False,
    2619    }

arg_types = {'no': False, 'dual': False, 'before': False, 'local': False, 'after': False}
key = 'journalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LanguageProperty(Property): View Source

    2622class LanguageProperty(Property):
    2623    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'languageproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
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  desc

class ClusteredByProperty(Property): View Source

    2627class ClusteredByProperty(Property):
    2628    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "sorted_by": False, "buckets": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'sorted_by': False, 'buckets': True}
key = 'clusteredbyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DictProperty(Property): View Source

    2631class DictProperty(Property):
    2632    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "settings": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'settings': False}
key = 'dictproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  asc
  desc

class DictSubProperty(Property): View Source

    2635class DictSubProperty(Property):
    2636    pass

key = 'dictsubproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  isin
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  ilike
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  asc
  desc
Property
  arg_types

class DictRange(Property): View Source

    2639class DictRange(Property):
    2640    arg_types = {"this": True, "min": True, "max": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'min': True, 'max': True}
key = 'dictrange'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class OnCluster(Property): View Source

    2645class OnCluster(Property):
    2646    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'oncluster'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LikeProperty(Property): View Source

    2649class LikeProperty(Property):
    2650    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'likeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
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  div
  asc
  desc

class LocationProperty(Property): View Source

    2653class LocationProperty(Property):
    2654    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'locationproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  desc

class LockProperty(Property): View Source

    2657class LockProperty(Property):
    2658    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'lockproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LockingProperty(Property): View Source

    2661class LockingProperty(Property):
    2662    arg_types = {
    2663        "this": False,
    2664        "kind": True,
    2665        "for_or_in": False,
    2666        "lock_type": True,
    2667        "override": False,
    2668    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': True, 'for_or_in': False, 'lock_type': True, 'override': False}
key = 'lockingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class LogProperty(Property): View Source

    2671class LogProperty(Property):
    2672    arg_types = {"no": True}

arg_types = {'no': True}
key = 'logproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
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class MaterializedProperty(Property): View Source

    2675class MaterializedProperty(Property):
    2676    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'materializedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
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class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property): View Source

    2679class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property):
    2680    arg_types = {"this": False, "no": False, "default": False, "percent": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'no': False, 'default': False, 'percent': False}
key = 'mergeblockratioproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property): View Source

    2683class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property):
    2684    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'noprimaryindexproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
  replace
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class OnProperty(Property): View Source

    2687class OnProperty(Property):
    2688    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'onproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
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class OnCommitProperty(Property): View Source

    2691class OnCommitProperty(Property):
    2692    arg_types = {"delete": False}

arg_types = {'delete': False}
key = 'oncommitproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
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class PartitionedByProperty(Property): View Source

    2695class PartitionedByProperty(Property):
    2696    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'partitionedbyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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  bfs
  unnest
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class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression): View Source

    2700class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression):
    2701    # this -> IN / MODULUS, expression -> REMAINDER, from_expressions -> FROM (...), to_expressions -> TO (...)
    2702    arg_types = {
    2703        "this": False,
    2704        "expression": False,
    2705        "from_expressions": False,
    2706        "to_expressions": False,
    2707    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'from_expressions': False, 'to_expressions': False}
key = 'partitionboundspec'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
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class PartitionedOfProperty(Property): View Source

    2710class PartitionedOfProperty(Property):
    2711    # this -> parent_table (schema), expression -> FOR VALUES ... / DEFAULT
    2712    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'partitionedofproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
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  walk
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class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2715class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property):
    2716    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'remotewithconnectionmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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  bfs
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class ReturnsProperty(Property): View Source

    2719class ReturnsProperty(Property):
    2720    arg_types = {"this": False, "is_table": False, "table": False, "null": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'is_table': False, 'table': False, 'null': False}
key = 'returnsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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class StrictProperty(Property): View Source

    2723class StrictProperty(Property):
    2724    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'strictproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class RowFormatProperty(Property): View Source

    2727class RowFormatProperty(Property):
    2728    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'rowformatproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
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  bfs
  unnest
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class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property): View Source

    2731class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property):
    2732    # https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/hive/languagemanual+dml
    2733    arg_types = {
    2734        "fields": False,
    2735        "escaped": False,
    2736        "collection_items": False,
    2737        "map_keys": False,
    2738        "lines": False,
    2739        "null": False,
    2740        "serde": False,
    2741    }

arg_types = {'fields': False, 'escaped': False, 'collection_items': False, 'map_keys': False, 'lines': False, 'null': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'rowformatdelimitedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property): View Source

    2744class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property):
    2745    arg_types = {"this": True, "serde_properties": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'serde_properties': False}
key = 'rowformatserdeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class QueryTransform(Expression): View Source

    2749class QueryTransform(Expression):
    2750    arg_types = {
    2751        "expressions": True,
    2752        "command_script": True,
    2753        "schema": False,
    2754        "row_format_before": False,
    2755        "record_writer": False,
    2756        "row_format_after": False,
    2757        "record_reader": False,
    2758    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'command_script': True, 'schema': False, 'row_format_before': False, 'record_writer': False, 'row_format_after': False, 'record_reader': False}
key = 'querytransform'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class SampleProperty(Property): View Source

    2761class SampleProperty(Property):
    2762    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'sampleproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
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  assert_is
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class SchemaCommentProperty(Property): View Source

    2765class SchemaCommentProperty(Property):
    2766    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'schemacommentproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class SerdeProperties(Property): View Source

    2769class SerdeProperties(Property):
    2770    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "with": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'with': False}
key = 'serdeproperties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  unnest_operands
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class SetProperty(Property): View Source

    2773class SetProperty(Property):
    2774    arg_types = {"multi": True}

arg_types = {'multi': True}
key = 'setproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
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  name
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  output_name
  type
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class SharingProperty(Property): View Source

    2777class SharingProperty(Property):
    2778    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'sharingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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class SetConfigProperty(Property): View Source

    2781class SetConfigProperty(Property):
    2782    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'setconfigproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  find
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  find_ancestor
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class SettingsProperty(Property): View Source

    2785class SettingsProperty(Property):
    2786    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'settingsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
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  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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class SortKeyProperty(Property): View Source

    2789class SortKeyProperty(Property):
    2790    arg_types = {"this": True, "compound": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'compound': False}
key = 'sortkeyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property): View Source

    2793class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property):
    2794    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'sqlreadwriteproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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class SqlSecurityProperty(Property): View Source

    2797class SqlSecurityProperty(Property):
    2798    arg_types = {"definer": True}

arg_types = {'definer': True}
key = 'sqlsecurityproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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class StabilityProperty(Property): View Source

    2801class StabilityProperty(Property):
    2802    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'stabilityproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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class TemporaryProperty(Property): View Source

    2805class TemporaryProperty(Property):
    2806    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'temporaryproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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class TransformModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2809class TransformModelProperty(Property):
    2810    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'transformmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
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  unnest
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  flatten
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class TransientProperty(Property): View Source

    2813class TransientProperty(Property):
    2814    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'transientproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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class UnloggedProperty(Property): View Source

    2817class UnloggedProperty(Property):
    2818    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'unloggedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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  transform
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class ViewAttributeProperty(Property): View Source

    2822class ViewAttributeProperty(Property):
    2823    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'viewattributeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  flatten
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class VolatileProperty(Property): View Source

    2826class VolatileProperty(Property):
    2827    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'volatileproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
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class WithDataProperty(Property): View Source

    2830class WithDataProperty(Property):
    2831    arg_types = {"no": True, "statistics": False}

arg_types = {'no': True, 'statistics': False}
key = 'withdataproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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class WithJournalTableProperty(Property): View Source

    2834class WithJournalTableProperty(Property):
    2835    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'withjournaltableproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
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  assert_is
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class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property): View Source

    2838class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property):
    2839    arg_types = {
    2840        "on": False,
    2841        "this": False,
    2842        "data_consistency": False,
    2843        "retention_period": False,
    2844        "with": True,
    2845    }

arg_types = {'on': False, 'this': False, 'data_consistency': False, 'retention_period': False, 'with': True}
key = 'withsystemversioningproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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  transform
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  assert_is
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class Properties(Expression): View Source

    2848class Properties(Expression):
    2849    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2850
    2851    NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {
    2852        "ALGORITHM": AlgorithmProperty,
    2853        "AUTO_INCREMENT": AutoIncrementProperty,
    2854        "CHARACTER SET": CharacterSetProperty,
    2855        "CLUSTERED_BY": ClusteredByProperty,
    2856        "COLLATE": CollateProperty,
    2857        "COMMENT": SchemaCommentProperty,
    2858        "DEFINER": DefinerProperty,
    2859        "DISTKEY": DistKeyProperty,
    2860        "DISTSTYLE": DistStyleProperty,
    2861        "ENGINE": EngineProperty,
    2862        "EXECUTE AS": ExecuteAsProperty,
    2863        "FORMAT": FileFormatProperty,
    2864        "LANGUAGE": LanguageProperty,
    2865        "LOCATION": LocationProperty,
    2866        "LOCK": LockProperty,
    2867        "PARTITIONED_BY": PartitionedByProperty,
    2868        "RETURNS": ReturnsProperty,
    2869        "ROW_FORMAT": RowFormatProperty,
    2870        "SORTKEY": SortKeyProperty,
    2871    }
    2872
    2873    PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {v: k for k, v in NAME_TO_PROPERTY.items()}
    2874
    2875    # CREATE property locations
    2876    # Form: schema specified
    2877    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    2878    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    2879    #     (b int) [POST_SCHEMA]
    2880    #     with ([POST_WITH])
    2881    #     index (b) [POST_INDEX]
    2882    #
    2883    # Form: alias selection
    2884    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    2885    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    2886    #     as [POST_ALIAS] (select * from b) [POST_EXPRESSION]
    2887    #     index (c) [POST_INDEX]
    2888    class Location(AutoName):
    2889        POST_CREATE = auto()
    2890        POST_NAME = auto()
    2891        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    2892        POST_WITH = auto()
    2893        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    2894        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    2895        POST_INDEX = auto()
    2896        UNSUPPORTED = auto()
    2897
    2898    @classmethod
    2899    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    2900        expressions = []
    2901        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    2902            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    2903            if property_cls:
    2904                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    2905            else:
    2906                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    2907
    2908        return cls(expressions=expressions)

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {'ALGORITHM': <class 'AlgorithmProperty'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <class 'AutoIncrementProperty'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <class 'CharacterSetProperty'>, 'CLUSTERED_BY': <class 'ClusteredByProperty'>, 'COLLATE': <class 'CollateProperty'>, 'COMMENT': <class 'SchemaCommentProperty'>, 'DEFINER': <class 'DefinerProperty'>, 'DISTKEY': <class 'DistKeyProperty'>, 'DISTSTYLE': <class 'DistStyleProperty'>, 'ENGINE': <class 'EngineProperty'>, 'EXECUTE AS': <class 'ExecuteAsProperty'>, 'FORMAT': <class 'FileFormatProperty'>, 'LANGUAGE': <class 'LanguageProperty'>, 'LOCATION': <class 'LocationProperty'>, 'LOCK': <class 'LockProperty'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <class 'PartitionedByProperty'>, 'RETURNS': <class 'ReturnsProperty'>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <class 'RowFormatProperty'>, 'SORTKEY': <class 'SortKeyProperty'>}
PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {<class 'AlgorithmProperty'>: 'ALGORITHM', <class 'AutoIncrementProperty'>: 'AUTO_INCREMENT', <class 'CharacterSetProperty'>: 'CHARACTER SET', <class 'ClusteredByProperty'>: 'CLUSTERED_BY', <class 'CollateProperty'>: 'COLLATE', <class 'SchemaCommentProperty'>: 'COMMENT', <class 'DefinerProperty'>: 'DEFINER', <class 'DistKeyProperty'>: 'DISTKEY', <class 'DistStyleProperty'>: 'DISTSTYLE', <class 'EngineProperty'>: 'ENGINE', <class 'ExecuteAsProperty'>: 'EXECUTE AS', <class 'FileFormatProperty'>: 'FORMAT', <class 'LanguageProperty'>: 'LANGUAGE', <class 'LocationProperty'>: 'LOCATION', <class 'LockProperty'>: 'LOCK', <class 'PartitionedByProperty'>: 'PARTITIONED_BY', <class 'ReturnsProperty'>: 'RETURNS', <class 'RowFormatProperty'>: 'ROW_FORMAT', <class 'SortKeyProperty'>: 'SORTKEY'}
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: Dict) -> Properties: View Source

    2898    @classmethod
    2899    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    2900        expressions = []
    2901        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    2902            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    2903            if property_cls:
    2904                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    2905            else:
    2906                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    2907
    2908        return cls(expressions=expressions)

key = 'properties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Properties.Location(sqlglot.helper.AutoName): View Source

    2888    class Location(AutoName):
    2889        POST_CREATE = auto()
    2890        POST_NAME = auto()
    2891        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    2892        POST_WITH = auto()
    2893        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    2894        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    2895        POST_INDEX = auto()
    2896        UNSUPPORTED = auto()

An enumeration.

POST_CREATE = <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>
POST_NAME = <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>
POST_SCHEMA = <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>
POST_WITH = <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>
POST_ALIAS = <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>
POST_EXPRESSION = <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>
POST_INDEX = <Location.POST_INDEX: 'POST_INDEX'>
UNSUPPORTED = <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>

##### Inherited Members

enum.Enum
  name
  value

class Qualify(Expression): View Source

    2911class Qualify(Expression):
    2912    pass

key = 'qualify'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class InputOutputFormat(Expression): View Source

    2915class InputOutputFormat(Expression):
    2916    arg_types = {"input_format": False, "output_format": False}

arg_types = {'input_format': False, 'output_format': False}
key = 'inputoutputformat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Return(Expression): View Source

    2920class Return(Expression):
    2921    pass

key = 'return'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Reference(Expression): View Source

    2924class Reference(Expression):
    2925    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "options": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'options': False}
key = 'reference'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  asc
  desc

class Tuple(Expression): View Source

    2928class Tuple(Expression):
    2929    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    2930
    2931    def isin(
    2932        self,
    2933        *expressions: t.Any,
    2934        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    2935        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    2936        copy: bool = True,
    2937        **opts,
    2938    ) -> In:
    2939        return In(
    2940            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    2941            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    2942            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    2943            unnest=(
    2944                Unnest(
    2945                    expressions=[
    2946                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    2947                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    2948                    ]
    2949                )
    2950                if unnest
    2951                else None
    2952            ),
    2953        )

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
def isin( self, *expressions: Any, query: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, unnest: Union[str, Expression, NoneType, Collection[Union[str, Expression]]] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> In: View Source

    2931    def isin(
    2932        self,
    2933        *expressions: t.Any,
    2934        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    2935        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    2936        copy: bool = True,
    2937        **opts,
    2938    ) -> In:
    2939        return In(
    2940            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    2941            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    2942            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    2943            unnest=(
    2944                Unnest(
    2945                    expressions=[
    2946                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    2947                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    2948                    ]
    2949                )
    2950                if unnest
    2951                else None
    2952            ),
    2953        )

key = 'tuple'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  not_
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QUERY_MODIFIERS = {'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
class QueryOption(Expression): View Source

    2984class QueryOption(Expression):
    2985    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'queryoption'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WithTableHint(Expression): View Source

    2989class WithTableHint(Expression):
    2990    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'withtablehint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IndexTableHint(Expression): View Source

    2994class IndexTableHint(Expression):
    2995    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "target": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'target': False}
key = 'indextablehint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  asc
  desc

class HistoricalData(Expression): View Source

    2999class HistoricalData(Expression):
    3000    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'historicaldata'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
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class Table(Expression): View Source

    3003class Table(Expression):
    3004    arg_types = {
    3005        "this": False,
    3006        "alias": False,
    3007        "db": False,
    3008        "catalog": False,
    3009        "laterals": False,
    3010        "joins": False,
    3011        "pivots": False,
    3012        "hints": False,
    3013        "system_time": False,
    3014        "version": False,
    3015        "format": False,
    3016        "pattern": False,
    3017        "ordinality": False,
    3018        "when": False,
    3019        "only": False,
    3020        "partition": False,
    3021    }
    3022
    3023    @property
    3024    def name(self) -> str:
    3025        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3026            return ""
    3027        return self.this.name
    3028
    3029    @property
    3030    def db(self) -> str:
    3031        return self.text("db")
    3032
    3033    @property
    3034    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3035        return self.text("catalog")
    3036
    3037    @property
    3038    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3039        return []
    3040
    3041    @property
    3042    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3043        return []
    3044
    3045    @property
    3046    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3047        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3048        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3049
    3050        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3051            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3052
    3053            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3054                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3055            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3056                parts.append(part)
    3057
    3058        return parts
    3059
    3060    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3061        parts = self.parts
    3062        col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3063        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3064        if alias:
    3065            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3066        return col

arg_types = {'this': False, 'alias': False, 'db': False, 'catalog': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'pivots': False, 'hints': False, 'system_time': False, 'version': False, 'format': False, 'pattern': False, 'ordinality': False, 'when': False, 'only': False, 'partition': False}
name: str View Source

    3023    @property
    3024    def name(self) -> str:
    3025        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3026            return ""
    3027        return self.this.name

db: str View Source

    3029    @property
    3030    def db(self) -> str:
    3031        return self.text("db")

catalog: str View Source

    3033    @property
    3034    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3035        return self.text("catalog")

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3037    @property
    3038    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3039        return []

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    3041    @property
    3042    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3043        return []

parts: List[Expression] View Source

    3045    @property
    3046    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3047        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3048        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3049
    3050        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3051            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3052
    3053            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3054                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3055            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3056                parts.append(part)
    3057
    3058        return parts

Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table.

def to_column( self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot: View Source

    3060    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3061        parts = self.parts
    3062        col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3063        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3064        if alias:
    3065            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3066        return col

key = 'table'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Union(Query): View Source

    3069class Union(Query):
    3070    arg_types = {
    3071        "with": False,
    3072        "this": True,
    3073        "expression": True,
    3074        "distinct": False,
    3075        "by_name": False,
    3076        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3077    }
    3078
    3079    def select(
    3080        self,
    3081        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3082        append: bool = True,
    3083        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3084        copy: bool = True,
    3085        **opts,
    3086    ) -> Union:
    3087        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3088        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3089        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3090            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3091        )
    3092        return this
    3093
    3094    @property
    3095    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3096        return self.this.unnest().named_selects
    3097
    3098    @property
    3099    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3100        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star
    3101
    3102    @property
    3103    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3104        return self.this.unnest().selects
    3105
    3106    @property
    3107    def left(self) -> Expression:
    3108        return self.this
    3109
    3110    @property
    3111    def right(self) -> Expression:
    3112        return self.expression

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': True, 'expression': True, 'distinct': False, 'by_name': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def select( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Union: View Source

    3079    def select(
    3080        self,
    3081        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3082        append: bool = True,
    3083        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3084        copy: bool = True,
    3085        **opts,
    3086    ) -> Union:
    3087        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3088        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3089        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3090            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3091        )
    3092        return this

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    3094    @property
    3095    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3096        return self.this.unnest().named_selects

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

is_star: bool View Source

    3098    @property
    3099    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3100        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3102    @property
    3103    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3104        return self.this.unnest().selects

Returns the query's projections.

left: Expression View Source

    3106    @property
    3107    def left(self) -> Expression:
    3108        return self.this

right: Expression View Source

    3110    @property
    3111    def right(self) -> Expression:
    3112        return self.expression

key = 'union'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Except(Union): View Source

    3115class Except(Union):
    3116    pass

key = 'except'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Union
  arg_types
  select
  named_selects
  is_star
  selects
  left
  right
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Intersect(Union): View Source

    3119class Intersect(Union):
    3120    pass

key = 'intersect'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Union
  arg_types
  select
  named_selects
  is_star
  selects
  left
  right
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Unnest(UDTF): View Source

    3123class Unnest(UDTF):
    3124    arg_types = {
    3125        "expressions": True,
    3126        "alias": False,
    3127        "offset": False,
    3128    }
    3129
    3130    @property
    3131    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3132        columns = super().selects
    3133        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    3134        if offset:
    3135            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    3136        return columns

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'alias': False, 'offset': False}
selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3130    @property
    3131    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3132        columns = super().selects
    3133        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    3134        if offset:
    3135            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    3136        return columns

key = 'unnest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Update(Expression): View Source

    3139class Update(Expression):
    3140    arg_types = {
    3141        "with": False,
    3142        "this": False,
    3143        "expressions": True,
    3144        "from": False,
    3145        "where": False,
    3146        "returning": False,
    3147        "order": False,
    3148        "limit": False,
    3149    }

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': False, 'expressions': True, 'from': False, 'where': False, 'returning': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False}
key = 'update'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Values(UDTF): View Source

    3152class Values(UDTF):
    3153    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "alias": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'alias': False}
key = 'values'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Var(Expression): View Source

    3156class Var(Expression):
    3157    pass

key = 'var'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Version(Expression): View Source

    3160class Version(Expression):
    3161    """
    3162    Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc
    3163    https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots
    3164    https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html
    3165    https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of
    3166    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    3167    this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION
    3168    kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")
    3169    """
    3170
    3171    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": False}

Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16 this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'version'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Schema(Expression): View Source

    3174class Schema(Expression):
    3175    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'schema'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Lock(Expression): View Source

    3180class Lock(Expression):
    3181    arg_types = {"update": True, "expressions": False, "wait": False}

arg_types = {'update': True, 'expressions': False, 'wait': False}
key = 'lock'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Select(Query): View Source

    3184class Select(Query):
    3185    arg_types = {
    3186        "with": False,
    3187        "kind": False,
    3188        "expressions": False,
    3189        "hint": False,
    3190        "distinct": False,
    3191        "into": False,
    3192        "from": False,
    3193        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3194    }
    3195
    3196    def from_(
    3197        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3198    ) -> Select:
    3199        """
    3200        Set the FROM expression.
    3201
    3202        Example:
    3203            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3204            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3205
    3206        Args:
    3207            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3208                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3209                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3210            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3211            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3212            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3213
    3214        Returns:
    3215            The modified Select expression.
    3216        """
    3217        return _apply_builder(
    3218            expression=expression,
    3219            instance=self,
    3220            arg="from",
    3221            into=From,
    3222            prefix="FROM",
    3223            dialect=dialect,
    3224            copy=copy,
    3225            **opts,
    3226        )
    3227
    3228    def group_by(
    3229        self,
    3230        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3231        append: bool = True,
    3232        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3233        copy: bool = True,
    3234        **opts,
    3235    ) -> Select:
    3236        """
    3237        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3238
    3239        Example:
    3240            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3241            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3242
    3243        Args:
    3244            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3245                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3246                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3247                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3248            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3249                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3250            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3251            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3252            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3253
    3254        Returns:
    3255            The modified Select expression.
    3256        """
    3257        if not expressions:
    3258            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3259
    3260        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3261            *expressions,
    3262            instance=self,
    3263            arg="group",
    3264            append=append,
    3265            copy=copy,
    3266            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3267            into=Group,
    3268            dialect=dialect,
    3269            **opts,
    3270        )
    3271
    3272    def sort_by(
    3273        self,
    3274        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3275        append: bool = True,
    3276        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3277        copy: bool = True,
    3278        **opts,
    3279    ) -> Select:
    3280        """
    3281        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3282
    3283        Example:
    3284            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3285            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3286
    3287        Args:
    3288            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3289                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3290                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3291            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3292                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3293            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3294            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3295            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3296
    3297        Returns:
    3298            The modified Select expression.
    3299        """
    3300        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3301            *expressions,
    3302            instance=self,
    3303            arg="sort",
    3304            append=append,
    3305            copy=copy,
    3306            prefix="SORT BY",
    3307            into=Sort,
    3308            dialect=dialect,
    3309            **opts,
    3310        )
    3311
    3312    def cluster_by(
    3313        self,
    3314        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3315        append: bool = True,
    3316        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3317        copy: bool = True,
    3318        **opts,
    3319    ) -> Select:
    3320        """
    3321        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3322
    3323        Example:
    3324            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3325            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3326
    3327        Args:
    3328            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3329                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3330                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3331            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3332                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3333            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3334            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3335            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3336
    3337        Returns:
    3338            The modified Select expression.
    3339        """
    3340        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3341            *expressions,
    3342            instance=self,
    3343            arg="cluster",
    3344            append=append,
    3345            copy=copy,
    3346            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3347            into=Cluster,
    3348            dialect=dialect,
    3349            **opts,
    3350        )
    3351
    3352    def select(
    3353        self,
    3354        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3355        append: bool = True,
    3356        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3357        copy: bool = True,
    3358        **opts,
    3359    ) -> Select:
    3360        return _apply_list_builder(
    3361            *expressions,
    3362            instance=self,
    3363            arg="expressions",
    3364            append=append,
    3365            dialect=dialect,
    3366            into=Expression,
    3367            copy=copy,
    3368            **opts,
    3369        )
    3370
    3371    def lateral(
    3372        self,
    3373        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3374        append: bool = True,
    3375        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3376        copy: bool = True,
    3377        **opts,
    3378    ) -> Select:
    3379        """
    3380        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3381
    3382        Example:
    3383            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3384            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3385
    3386        Args:
    3387            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3388                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3389            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3390                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3391            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3392            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3393            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3394
    3395        Returns:
    3396            The modified Select expression.
    3397        """
    3398        return _apply_list_builder(
    3399            *expressions,
    3400            instance=self,
    3401            arg="laterals",
    3402            append=append,
    3403            into=Lateral,
    3404            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3405            dialect=dialect,
    3406            copy=copy,
    3407            **opts,
    3408        )
    3409
    3410    def join(
    3411        self,
    3412        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3413        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3414        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3415        append: bool = True,
    3416        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3417        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3418        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3419        copy: bool = True,
    3420        **opts,
    3421    ) -> Select:
    3422        """
    3423        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3424
    3425        Example:
    3426            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3427            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3428
    3429            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3430            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3431
    3432            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3433
    3434            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3435            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3436
    3437        Args:
    3438            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3439                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3440            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3441                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3442            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3443                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3444            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3445                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3446            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3447            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3448            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3449            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3450            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3451
    3452        Returns:
    3453            Select: the modified expression.
    3454        """
    3455        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3456
    3457        try:
    3458            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3459        except ParseError:
    3460            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3461
    3462        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3463
    3464        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3465            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3466
    3467        if join_type:
    3468            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3469            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3470            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3471
    3472            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3473
    3474            if method:
    3475                join.set("method", method.text)
    3476            if side:
    3477                join.set("side", side.text)
    3478            if kind:
    3479                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3480
    3481        if on:
    3482            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3483            join.set("on", on)
    3484
    3485        if using:
    3486            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3487                *ensure_list(using),
    3488                instance=join,
    3489                arg="using",
    3490                append=append,
    3491                copy=copy,
    3492                into=Identifier,
    3493                **opts,
    3494            )
    3495
    3496        if join_alias:
    3497            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3498
    3499        return _apply_list_builder(
    3500            join,
    3501            instance=self,
    3502            arg="joins",
    3503            append=append,
    3504            copy=copy,
    3505            **opts,
    3506        )
    3507
    3508    def where(
    3509        self,
    3510        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3511        append: bool = True,
    3512        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3513        copy: bool = True,
    3514        **opts,
    3515    ) -> Select:
    3516        """
    3517        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3518
    3519        Example:
    3520            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3521            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3522
    3523        Args:
    3524            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3525                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3526                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3527            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3528                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3529            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3530            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3531            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3532
    3533        Returns:
    3534            Select: the modified expression.
    3535        """
    3536        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3537            *expressions,
    3538            instance=self,
    3539            arg="where",
    3540            append=append,
    3541            into=Where,
    3542            dialect=dialect,
    3543            copy=copy,
    3544            **opts,
    3545        )
    3546
    3547    def having(
    3548        self,
    3549        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3550        append: bool = True,
    3551        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3552        copy: bool = True,
    3553        **opts,
    3554    ) -> Select:
    3555        """
    3556        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3557
    3558        Example:
    3559            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3560            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3561
    3562        Args:
    3563            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3564                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3565                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3566            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3567                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3568            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3569            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3570            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3571
    3572        Returns:
    3573            The modified Select expression.
    3574        """
    3575        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3576            *expressions,
    3577            instance=self,
    3578            arg="having",
    3579            append=append,
    3580            into=Having,
    3581            dialect=dialect,
    3582            copy=copy,
    3583            **opts,
    3584        )
    3585
    3586    def window(
    3587        self,
    3588        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3589        append: bool = True,
    3590        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3591        copy: bool = True,
    3592        **opts,
    3593    ) -> Select:
    3594        return _apply_list_builder(
    3595            *expressions,
    3596            instance=self,
    3597            arg="windows",
    3598            append=append,
    3599            into=Window,
    3600            dialect=dialect,
    3601            copy=copy,
    3602            **opts,
    3603        )
    3604
    3605    def qualify(
    3606        self,
    3607        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3608        append: bool = True,
    3609        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3610        copy: bool = True,
    3611        **opts,
    3612    ) -> Select:
    3613        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3614            *expressions,
    3615            instance=self,
    3616            arg="qualify",
    3617            append=append,
    3618            into=Qualify,
    3619            dialect=dialect,
    3620            copy=copy,
    3621            **opts,
    3622        )
    3623
    3624    def distinct(
    3625        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    3626    ) -> Select:
    3627        """
    3628        Set the OFFSET expression.
    3629
    3630        Example:
    3631            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    3632            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    3633
    3634        Args:
    3635            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    3636            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    3637            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3638
    3639        Returns:
    3640            Select: the modified expression.
    3641        """
    3642        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3643        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    3644        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    3645        return instance
    3646
    3647    def ctas(
    3648        self,
    3649        table: ExpOrStr,
    3650        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    3651        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3652        copy: bool = True,
    3653        **opts,
    3654    ) -> Create:
    3655        """
    3656        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    3657
    3658        Example:
    3659            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    3660            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    3661
    3662        Args:
    3663            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3664                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3665            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    3666            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    3667            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3668            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    3669
    3670        Returns:
    3671            The new Create expression.
    3672        """
    3673        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3674        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    3675
    3676        properties_expression = None
    3677        if properties:
    3678            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    3679
    3680        return Create(
    3681            this=table_expression,
    3682            kind="TABLE",
    3683            expression=instance,
    3684            properties=properties_expression,
    3685        )
    3686
    3687    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3688        """
    3689        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    3690
    3691        Examples:
    3692            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    3693            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    3694
    3695            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    3696            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    3697
    3698        Args:
    3699            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    3700            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3701
    3702        Returns:
    3703            The modified expression.
    3704        """
    3705        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3706        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    3707
    3708        return inst
    3709
    3710    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3711        """
    3712        Set hints for this expression.
    3713
    3714        Examples:
    3715            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    3716            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    3717
    3718        Args:
    3719            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    3720                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3721            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    3722            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3723
    3724        Returns:
    3725            The modified expression.
    3726        """
    3727        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3728        inst.set(
    3729            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    3730        )
    3731
    3732        return inst
    3733
    3734    @property
    3735    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3736        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]
    3737
    3738    @property
    3739    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3740        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)
    3741
    3742    @property
    3743    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3744        return self.expressions

arg_types = {'with': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False, 'hint': False, 'distinct': False, 'into': False, 'from': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def from_( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3196    def from_(
    3197        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3198    ) -> Select:
    3199        """
    3200        Set the FROM expression.
    3201
    3202        Example:
    3203            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3204            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3205
    3206        Args:
    3207            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3208                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3209                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3210            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3211            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3212            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3213
    3214        Returns:
    3215            The modified Select expression.
    3216        """
    3217        return _apply_builder(
    3218            expression=expression,
    3219            instance=self,
    3220            arg="from",
    3221            into=From,
    3222            prefix="FROM",
    3223            dialect=dialect,
    3224            copy=copy,
    3225            **opts,
    3226        )

Set the FROM expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- expression : the SQL code strings to parse. If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def group_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3228    def group_by(
    3229        self,
    3230        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3231        append: bool = True,
    3232        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3233        copy: bool = True,
    3234        **opts,
    3235    ) -> Select:
    3236        """
    3237        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3238
    3239        Example:
    3240            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3241            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3242
    3243        Args:
    3244            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3245                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3246                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3247                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3248            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3249                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3250            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3251            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3252            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3253
    3254        Returns:
    3255            The modified Select expression.
    3256        """
    3257        if not expressions:
    3258            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3259
    3260        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3261            *expressions,
    3262            instance=self,
    3263            arg="group",
    3264            append=append,
    3265            copy=copy,
    3266            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3267            into=Group,
    3268            dialect=dialect,
    3269            **opts,
    3270        )

Set the GROUP BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
>     'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`. If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def sort_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3272    def sort_by(
    3273        self,
    3274        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3275        append: bool = True,
    3276        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3277        copy: bool = True,
    3278        **opts,
    3279    ) -> Select:
    3280        """
    3281        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3282
    3283        Example:
    3284            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3285            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3286
    3287        Args:
    3288            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3289                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3290                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3291            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3292                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3293            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3294            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3295            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3296
    3297        Returns:
    3298            The modified Select expression.
    3299        """
    3300        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3301            *expressions,
    3302            instance=self,
    3303            arg="sort",
    3304            append=append,
    3305            copy=copy,
    3306            prefix="SORT BY",
    3307            into=Sort,
    3308            dialect=dialect,
    3309            **opts,
    3310        )

Set the SORT BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def cluster_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3312    def cluster_by(
    3313        self,
    3314        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3315        append: bool = True,
    3316        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3317        copy: bool = True,
    3318        **opts,
    3319    ) -> Select:
    3320        """
    3321        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3322
    3323        Example:
    3324            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3325            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3326
    3327        Args:
    3328            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3329                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3330                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3331            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3332                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3333            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3334            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3335            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3336
    3337        Returns:
    3338            The modified Select expression.
    3339        """
    3340        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3341            *expressions,
    3342            instance=self,
    3343            arg="cluster",
    3344            append=append,
    3345            copy=copy,
    3346            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3347            into=Cluster,
    3348            dialect=dialect,
    3349            **opts,
    3350        )

Set the CLUSTER BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def select( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3352    def select(
    3353        self,
    3354        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3355        append: bool = True,
    3356        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3357        copy: bool = True,
    3358        **opts,
    3359    ) -> Select:
    3360        return _apply_list_builder(
    3361            *expressions,
    3362            instance=self,
    3363            arg="expressions",
    3364            append=append,
    3365            dialect=dialect,
    3366            into=Expression,
    3367            copy=copy,
    3368            **opts,
    3369        )

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

def lateral( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3371    def lateral(
    3372        self,
    3373        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3374        append: bool = True,
    3375        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3376        copy: bool = True,
    3377        **opts,
    3378    ) -> Select:
    3379        """
    3380        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3381
    3382        Example:
    3383            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3384            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3385
    3386        Args:
    3387            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3388                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3389            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3390                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3391            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3392            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3393            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3394
    3395        Returns:
    3396            The modified Select expression.
    3397        """
    3398        return _apply_list_builder(
    3399            *expressions,
    3400            instance=self,
    3401            arg="laterals",
    3402            append=append,
    3403            into=Lateral,
    3404            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3405            dialect=dialect,
    3406            copy=copy,
    3407            **opts,
    3408        )

Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def join( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], on: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, using: Union[str, Expression, Collection[Union[str, Expression]], NoneType] = None, append: bool = True, join_type: Optional[str] = None, join_alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3410    def join(
    3411        self,
    3412        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3413        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3414        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3415        append: bool = True,
    3416        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3417        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3418        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3419        copy: bool = True,
    3420        **opts,
    3421    ) -> Select:
    3422        """
    3423        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3424
    3425        Example:
    3426            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3427            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3428
    3429            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3430            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3431
    3432            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3433
    3434            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3435            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3436
    3437        Args:
    3438            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3439                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3440            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3441                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3442            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3443                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3444            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3445                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3446            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3447            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3448            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3449            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3450            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3451
    3452        Returns:
    3453            Select: the modified expression.
    3454        """
    3455        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3456
    3457        try:
    3458            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3459        except ParseError:
    3460            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3461
    3462        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3463
    3464        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3465            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3466
    3467        if join_type:
    3468            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3469            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3470            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3471
    3472            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3473
    3474            if method:
    3475                join.set("method", method.text)
    3476            if side:
    3477                join.set("side", side.text)
    3478            if kind:
    3479                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3480
    3481        if on:
    3482            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3483            join.set("on", on)
    3484
    3485        if using:
    3486            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3487                *ensure_list(using),
    3488                instance=join,
    3489                arg="using",
    3490                append=append,
    3491                copy=copy,
    3492                into=Identifier,
    3493                **opts,
    3494            )
    3495
    3496        if join_alias:
    3497            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3498
    3499        return _apply_list_builder(
    3500            join,
    3501            instance=self,
    3502            arg="joins",
    3503            append=append,
    3504            copy=copy,
    3505            **opts,
    3506        )

Append to or set the JOIN expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'

>     >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
>     'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'

> Use `join_type` to change the type of join:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
- join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def where( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3508    def where(
    3509        self,
    3510        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3511        append: bool = True,
    3512        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3513        copy: bool = True,
    3514        **opts,
    3515    ) -> Select:
    3516        """
    3517        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3518
    3519        Example:
    3520            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3521            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3522
    3523        Args:
    3524            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3525                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3526                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3527            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3528                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3529            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3530            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3531            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3532
    3533        Returns:
    3534            Select: the modified expression.
    3535        """
    3536        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3537            *expressions,
    3538            instance=self,
    3539            arg="where",
    3540            append=append,
    3541            into=Where,
    3542            dialect=dialect,
    3543            copy=copy,
    3544            **opts,
    3545        )

Append to or set the WHERE expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def having( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3547    def having(
    3548        self,
    3549        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3550        append: bool = True,
    3551        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3552        copy: bool = True,
    3553        **opts,
    3554    ) -> Select:
    3555        """
    3556        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3557
    3558        Example:
    3559            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3560            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3561
    3562        Args:
    3563            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3564                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3565                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3566            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3567                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3568            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3569            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3570            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3571
    3572        Returns:
    3573            The modified Select expression.
    3574        """
    3575        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3576            *expressions,
    3577            instance=self,
    3578            arg="having",
    3579            append=append,
    3580            into=Having,
    3581            dialect=dialect,
    3582            copy=copy,
    3583            **opts,
    3584        )

Append to or set the HAVING expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
>     'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def window( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3586    def window(
    3587        self,
    3588        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3589        append: bool = True,
    3590        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3591        copy: bool = True,
    3592        **opts,
    3593    ) -> Select:
    3594        return _apply_list_builder(
    3595            *expressions,
    3596            instance=self,
    3597            arg="windows",
    3598            append=append,
    3599            into=Window,
    3600            dialect=dialect,
    3601            copy=copy,
    3602            **opts,
    3603        )

def qualify( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3605    def qualify(
    3606        self,
    3607        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3608        append: bool = True,
    3609        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3610        copy: bool = True,
    3611        **opts,
    3612    ) -> Select:
    3613        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3614            *expressions,
    3615            instance=self,
    3616            arg="qualify",
    3617            append=append,
    3618            into=Qualify,
    3619            dialect=dialect,
    3620            copy=copy,
    3621            **opts,
    3622        )

def distinct( self, *ons: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    3624    def distinct(
    3625        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    3626    ) -> Select:
    3627        """
    3628        Set the OFFSET expression.
    3629
    3630        Example:
    3631            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    3632            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    3633
    3634        Args:
    3635            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    3636            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    3637            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3638
    3639        Returns:
    3640            Select: the modified expression.
    3641        """
    3642        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3643        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    3644        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    3645        return instance

Set the OFFSET expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
>     'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- ons: the expressions to distinct on
- distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def ctas( self, table: Union[str, Expression], properties: Optional[Dict] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Create: View Source

    3647    def ctas(
    3648        self,
    3649        table: ExpOrStr,
    3650        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    3651        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3652        copy: bool = True,
    3653        **opts,
    3654    ) -> Create:
    3655        """
    3656        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    3657
    3658        Example:
    3659            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    3660            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    3661
    3662        Args:
    3663            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3664                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3665            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    3666            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    3667            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3668            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    3669
    3670        Returns:
    3671            The new Create expression.
    3672        """
    3673        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3674        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    3675
    3676        properties_expression = None
    3677        if properties:
    3678            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    3679
    3680        return Create(
    3681            this=table_expression,
    3682            kind="TABLE",
    3683            expression=instance,
    3684            properties=properties_expression,
    3685        )

Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
>     'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- properties: an optional mapping of table properties
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input table.

###### Returns:

> The new Create expression.

def lock( self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    3687    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3688        """
    3689        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    3690
    3691        Examples:
    3692            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    3693            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    3694
    3695            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    3696            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    3697
    3698        Args:
    3699            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    3700            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3701
    3702        Returns:
    3703            The modified expression.
    3704        """
    3705        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3706        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    3707
    3708        return inst

Set the locking read mode for this expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"

###### Arguments:

- update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

def hint( self, *hints: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    3710    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    3711        """
    3712        Set hints for this expression.
    3713
    3714        Examples:
    3715            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    3716            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    3717
    3718        Args:
    3719            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    3720                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3721            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    3722            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3723
    3724        Returns:
    3725            The modified expression.
    3726        """
    3727        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3728        inst.set(
    3729            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    3730        )
    3731
    3732        return inst

Set hints for this expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
>     'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
- copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    3734    @property
    3735    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3736        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

is_star: bool View Source

    3738    @property
    3739    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3740        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)

Checks whether an expression is a star.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3742    @property
    3743    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3744        return self.expressions

Returns the query's projections.

key = 'select'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

UNWRAPPED_QUERIES = (<class 'Select'>, <class 'Union'>)
class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query): View Source

    3750class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query):
    3751    arg_types = {
    3752        "this": True,
    3753        "alias": False,
    3754        "with": False,
    3755        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3756    }
    3757
    3758    def unnest(self):
    3759        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    3760        expression = self
    3761        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    3762            expression = expression.this
    3763        return expression
    3764
    3765    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    3766        expression = self
    3767        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    3768            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    3769        return expression
    3770
    3771    def select(
    3772        self,
    3773        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3774        append: bool = True,
    3775        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3776        copy: bool = True,
    3777        **opts,
    3778    ) -> Subquery:
    3779        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3780        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3781        return this
    3782
    3783    @property
    3784    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    3785        """
    3786        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    3787
    3788        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    3789                      ^
    3790                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    3791        """
    3792        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")
    3793
    3794    @property
    3795    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3796        return self.this.is_star
    3797
    3798    @property
    3799    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3800        return self.alias

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': False, 'with': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def unnest(self): View Source

    3758    def unnest(self):
    3759        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    3760        expression = self
    3761        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    3762            expression = expression.this
    3763        return expression

Returns the first non subquery.

def unwrap(self) -> Subquery: View Source

    3765    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    3766        expression = self
    3767        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    3768            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    3769        return expression

def select( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Subquery: View Source

    3771    def select(
    3772        self,
    3773        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3774        append: bool = True,
    3775        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3776        copy: bool = True,
    3777        **opts,
    3778    ) -> Subquery:
    3779        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3780        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3781        return this

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

is_wrapper: bool View Source

    3783    @property
    3784    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    3785        """
    3786        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    3787
    3788        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    3789                      ^
    3790                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    3791        """
    3792        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")

Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.

SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t))) ^ This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node

is_star: bool View Source

    3794    @property
    3795    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3796        return self.this.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

output_name: str View Source

    3798    @property
    3799    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3800        return self.alias

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'subquery'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DerivedTable
  selects
  named_selects
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class TableSample(Expression): View Source

    3803class TableSample(Expression):
    3804    arg_types = {
    3805        "this": False,
    3806        "expressions": False,
    3807        "method": False,
    3808        "bucket_numerator": False,
    3809        "bucket_denominator": False,
    3810        "bucket_field": False,
    3811        "percent": False,
    3812        "rows": False,
    3813        "size": False,
    3814        "seed": False,
    3815    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'method': False, 'bucket_numerator': False, 'bucket_denominator': False, 'bucket_field': False, 'percent': False, 'rows': False, 'size': False, 'seed': False}
key = 'tablesample'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Tag(Expression): View Source

    3818class Tag(Expression):
    3819    """Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT <span>x</span>."""
    3820
    3821    arg_types = {
    3822        "this": False,
    3823        "prefix": False,
    3824        "postfix": False,
    3825    }

Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT x.

arg_types = {'this': False, 'prefix': False, 'postfix': False}
key = 'tag'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Pivot(Expression): View Source

    3830class Pivot(Expression):
    3831    arg_types = {
    3832        "this": False,
    3833        "alias": False,
    3834        "expressions": False,
    3835        "field": False,
    3836        "unpivot": False,
    3837        "using": False,
    3838        "group": False,
    3839        "columns": False,
    3840        "include_nulls": False,
    3841    }
    3842
    3843    @property
    3844    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    3845        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))

arg_types = {'this': False, 'alias': False, 'expressions': False, 'field': False, 'unpivot': False, 'using': False, 'group': False, 'columns': False, 'include_nulls': False}
unpivot: bool View Source

    3843    @property
    3844    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    3845        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))

key = 'pivot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Window(Condition): View Source

    3848class Window(Condition):
    3849    arg_types = {
    3850        "this": True,
    3851        "partition_by": False,
    3852        "order": False,
    3853        "spec": False,
    3854        "alias": False,
    3855        "over": False,
    3856        "first": False,
    3857    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'partition_by': False, 'order': False, 'spec': False, 'alias': False, 'over': False, 'first': False}
key = 'window'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WindowSpec(Expression): View Source

    3860class WindowSpec(Expression):
    3861    arg_types = {
    3862        "kind": False,
    3863        "start": False,
    3864        "start_side": False,
    3865        "end": False,
    3866        "end_side": False,
    3867    }

arg_types = {'kind': False, 'start': False, 'start_side': False, 'end': False, 'end_side': False}
key = 'windowspec'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PreWhere(Expression): View Source

    3870class PreWhere(Expression):
    3871    pass

key = 'prewhere'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Where(Expression): View Source

    3874class Where(Expression):
    3875    pass

key = 'where'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Star(Expression): View Source

    3878class Star(Expression):
    3879    arg_types = {"except": False, "replace": False, "rename": False}
    3880
    3881    @property
    3882    def name(self) -> str:
    3883        return "*"
    3884
    3885    @property
    3886    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3887        return self.name

arg_types = {'except': False, 'replace': False, 'rename': False}
name: str View Source

    3881    @property
    3882    def name(self) -> str:
    3883        return "*"

output_name: str View Source

    3885    @property
    3886    def output_name(self) -> str:
    3887        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'star'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Parameter(Condition): View Source

    3890class Parameter(Condition):
    3891    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'parameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SessionParameter(Condition): View Source

    3894class SessionParameter(Condition):
    3895    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'sessionparameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Placeholder(Condition): View Source

    3898class Placeholder(Condition):
    3899    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False}
    3900
    3901    @property
    3902    def name(self) -> str:
    3903        return self.this or "?"

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False}
name: str View Source

    3901    @property
    3902    def name(self) -> str:
    3903        return self.this or "?"

key = 'placeholder'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Null(Condition): View Source

    3906class Null(Condition):
    3907    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    3908
    3909    @property
    3910    def name(self) -> str:
    3911        return "NULL"

arg_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
name: str View Source

    3909    @property
    3910    def name(self) -> str:
    3911        return "NULL"

key = 'null'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Boolean(Condition): View Source

    3914class Boolean(Condition):
    3915    pass

key = 'boolean'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DataTypeParam(Expression): View Source

    3918class DataTypeParam(Expression):
    3919    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    3920
    3921    @property
    3922    def name(self) -> str:
    3923        return self.this.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
name: str View Source

    3921    @property
    3922    def name(self) -> str:
    3923        return self.this.name

key = 'datatypeparam'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DataType(Expression): View Source

    3926class DataType(Expression):
    3927    arg_types = {
    3928        "this": True,
    3929        "expressions": False,
    3930        "nested": False,
    3931        "values": False,
    3932        "prefix": False,
    3933        "kind": False,
    3934    }
    3935
    3936    class Type(AutoName):
    3937        ARRAY = auto()
    3938        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    3939        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    3940        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    3941        BIGINT = auto()
    3942        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    3943        BINARY = auto()
    3944        BIT = auto()
    3945        BOOLEAN = auto()
    3946        BPCHAR = auto()
    3947        CHAR = auto()
    3948        DATE = auto()
    3949        DATE32 = auto()
    3950        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    3951        DATERANGE = auto()
    3952        DATETIME = auto()
    3953        DATETIME64 = auto()
    3954        DECIMAL = auto()
    3955        DOUBLE = auto()
    3956        ENUM = auto()
    3957        ENUM8 = auto()
    3958        ENUM16 = auto()
    3959        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    3960        FLOAT = auto()
    3961        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    3962        GEOMETRY = auto()
    3963        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    3964        HSTORE = auto()
    3965        IMAGE = auto()
    3966        INET = auto()
    3967        INT = auto()
    3968        INT128 = auto()
    3969        INT256 = auto()
    3970        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    3971        INT4RANGE = auto()
    3972        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    3973        INT8RANGE = auto()
    3974        INTERVAL = auto()
    3975        IPADDRESS = auto()
    3976        IPPREFIX = auto()
    3977        IPV4 = auto()
    3978        IPV6 = auto()
    3979        JSON = auto()
    3980        JSONB = auto()
    3981        LONGBLOB = auto()
    3982        LONGTEXT = auto()
    3983        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    3984        MAP = auto()
    3985        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    3986        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    3987        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    3988        MONEY = auto()
    3989        NAME = auto()
    3990        NCHAR = auto()
    3991        NESTED = auto()
    3992        NULL = auto()
    3993        NULLABLE = auto()
    3994        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    3995        NUMRANGE = auto()
    3996        NVARCHAR = auto()
    3997        OBJECT = auto()
    3998        ROWVERSION = auto()
    3999        SERIAL = auto()
    4000        SET = auto()
    4001        SMALLINT = auto()
    4002        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4003        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4004        STRUCT = auto()
    4005        SUPER = auto()
    4006        TEXT = auto()
    4007        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4008        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4009        TIME = auto()
    4010        TIMETZ = auto()
    4011        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4012        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4013        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4014        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4015        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4016        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4017        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4018        TINYINT = auto()
    4019        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4020        TSRANGE = auto()
    4021        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4022        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4023        UBIGINT = auto()
    4024        UINT = auto()
    4025        UINT128 = auto()
    4026        UINT256 = auto()
    4027        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4028        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4029        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4030        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4031        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4032        USMALLINT = auto()
    4033        UTINYINT = auto()
    4034        UUID = auto()
    4035        VARBINARY = auto()
    4036        VARCHAR = auto()
    4037        VARIANT = auto()
    4038        XML = auto()
    4039        YEAR = auto()
    4040        TDIGEST = auto()
    4041
    4042    STRUCT_TYPES = {
    4043        Type.NESTED,
    4044        Type.OBJECT,
    4045        Type.STRUCT,
    4046    }
    4047
    4048    NESTED_TYPES = {
    4049        *STRUCT_TYPES,
    4050        Type.ARRAY,
    4051        Type.MAP,
    4052    }
    4053
    4054    TEXT_TYPES = {
    4055        Type.CHAR,
    4056        Type.NCHAR,
    4057        Type.NVARCHAR,
    4058        Type.TEXT,
    4059        Type.VARCHAR,
    4060        Type.NAME,
    4061    }
    4062
    4063    SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4064        Type.BIGINT,
    4065        Type.INT,
    4066        Type.INT128,
    4067        Type.INT256,
    4068        Type.MEDIUMINT,
    4069        Type.SMALLINT,
    4070        Type.TINYINT,
    4071    }
    4072
    4073    UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4074        Type.UBIGINT,
    4075        Type.UINT,
    4076        Type.UINT128,
    4077        Type.UINT256,
    4078        Type.UMEDIUMINT,
    4079        Type.USMALLINT,
    4080        Type.UTINYINT,
    4081    }
    4082
    4083    INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4084        *SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4085        *UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4086        Type.BIT,
    4087    }
    4088
    4089    FLOAT_TYPES = {
    4090        Type.DOUBLE,
    4091        Type.FLOAT,
    4092    }
    4093
    4094    REAL_TYPES = {
    4095        *FLOAT_TYPES,
    4096        Type.BIGDECIMAL,
    4097        Type.DECIMAL,
    4098        Type.MONEY,
    4099        Type.SMALLMONEY,
    4100        Type.UDECIMAL,
    4101    }
    4102
    4103    NUMERIC_TYPES = {
    4104        *INTEGER_TYPES,
    4105        *REAL_TYPES,
    4106    }
    4107
    4108    TEMPORAL_TYPES = {
    4109        Type.DATE,
    4110        Type.DATE32,
    4111        Type.DATETIME,
    4112        Type.DATETIME64,
    4113        Type.TIME,
    4114        Type.TIMESTAMP,
    4115        Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
    4116        Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    4117        Type.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    4118        Type.TIMESTAMP_MS,
    4119        Type.TIMESTAMP_NS,
    4120        Type.TIMESTAMP_S,
    4121        Type.TIMETZ,
    4122    }
    4123
    4124    @classmethod
    4125    def build(
    4126        cls,
    4127        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4128        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4129        udt: bool = False,
    4130        copy: bool = True,
    4131        **kwargs,
    4132    ) -> DataType:
    4133        """
    4134        Constructs a DataType object.
    4135
    4136        Args:
    4137            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4138            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4139            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4140                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4141            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4142            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4143
    4144        Returns:
    4145            The constructed DataType object.
    4146        """
    4147        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4148
    4149        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4150            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4151                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4152
    4153            try:
    4154                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4155                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4156                )
    4157            except ParseError:
    4158                if udt:
    4159                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4160                raise
    4161        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4162            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4163        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4164            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4165        else:
    4166            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4167
    4168        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})
    4169
    4170    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    4171        """
    4172        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4173        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4174
    4175        Args:
    4176            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4177
    4178        Returns:
    4179            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4180        """
    4181        for dtype in dtypes:
    4182            other = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4183
    4184            if (
    4185                other.expressions
    4186                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4187                or other.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4188            ):
    4189                matches = self == other
    4190            else:
    4191                matches = self.this == other.this
    4192
    4193            if matches:
    4194                return True
    4195        return False

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'nested': False, 'values': False, 'prefix': False, 'kind': False}
STRUCT_TYPES = {<Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}
NESTED_TYPES = {<Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <Type.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <Type.MAP: 'MAP'>, <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>}
TEXT_TYPES = {<Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <Type.NAME: 'NAME'>, <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>}
SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>, <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>}
UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>}
INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>, <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>}
FLOAT_TYPES = {<Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}
REAL_TYPES = {<Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>}
NUMERIC_TYPES = {<Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>, <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>}
TEMPORAL_TYPES = {<Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <Type.DATE: 'DATE'>, <Type.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>}
@classmethod
def build( cls, dtype: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, udt: bool = False, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> DataType: View Source

    4124    @classmethod
    4125    def build(
    4126        cls,
    4127        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4128        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4129        udt: bool = False,
    4130        copy: bool = True,
    4131        **kwargs,
    4132    ) -> DataType:
    4133        """
    4134        Constructs a DataType object.
    4135
    4136        Args:
    4137            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4138            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4139            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4140                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4141            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4142            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4143
    4144        Returns:
    4145            The constructed DataType object.
    4146        """
    4147        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4148
    4149        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4150            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4151                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4152
    4153            try:
    4154                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4155                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4156                )
    4157            except ParseError:
    4158                if udt:
    4159                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4160                raise
    4161        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4162            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4163        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4164            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4165        else:
    4166            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4167
    4168        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})

Constructs a DataType object.

###### Arguments:

- dtype: the data type of interest.
- dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
- udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
- copy: whether to copy the data type.
- kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.

###### Returns:

> The constructed DataType object.

def is_type( self, *dtypes: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]) -> bool: View Source

    4170    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    4171        """
    4172        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4173        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4174
    4175        Args:
    4176            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4177
    4178        Returns:
    4179            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4180        """
    4181        for dtype in dtypes:
    4182            other = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4183
    4184            if (
    4185                other.expressions
    4186                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4187                or other.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4188            ):
    4189                matches = self == other
    4190            else:
    4191                matches = self.this == other.this
    4192
    4193            if matches:
    4194                return True
    4195        return False

Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array != array.

###### Arguments:

- dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.

###### Returns:

> True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.

key = 'datatype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DataType.Type(sqlglot.helper.AutoName): View Source

    3936    class Type(AutoName):
    3937        ARRAY = auto()
    3938        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    3939        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    3940        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    3941        BIGINT = auto()
    3942        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    3943        BINARY = auto()
    3944        BIT = auto()
    3945        BOOLEAN = auto()
    3946        BPCHAR = auto()
    3947        CHAR = auto()
    3948        DATE = auto()
    3949        DATE32 = auto()
    3950        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    3951        DATERANGE = auto()
    3952        DATETIME = auto()
    3953        DATETIME64 = auto()
    3954        DECIMAL = auto()
    3955        DOUBLE = auto()
    3956        ENUM = auto()
    3957        ENUM8 = auto()
    3958        ENUM16 = auto()
    3959        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    3960        FLOAT = auto()
    3961        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    3962        GEOMETRY = auto()
    3963        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    3964        HSTORE = auto()
    3965        IMAGE = auto()
    3966        INET = auto()
    3967        INT = auto()
    3968        INT128 = auto()
    3969        INT256 = auto()
    3970        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    3971        INT4RANGE = auto()
    3972        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    3973        INT8RANGE = auto()
    3974        INTERVAL = auto()
    3975        IPADDRESS = auto()
    3976        IPPREFIX = auto()
    3977        IPV4 = auto()
    3978        IPV6 = auto()
    3979        JSON = auto()
    3980        JSONB = auto()
    3981        LONGBLOB = auto()
    3982        LONGTEXT = auto()
    3983        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    3984        MAP = auto()
    3985        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    3986        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    3987        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    3988        MONEY = auto()
    3989        NAME = auto()
    3990        NCHAR = auto()
    3991        NESTED = auto()
    3992        NULL = auto()
    3993        NULLABLE = auto()
    3994        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    3995        NUMRANGE = auto()
    3996        NVARCHAR = auto()
    3997        OBJECT = auto()
    3998        ROWVERSION = auto()
    3999        SERIAL = auto()
    4000        SET = auto()
    4001        SMALLINT = auto()
    4002        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4003        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4004        STRUCT = auto()
    4005        SUPER = auto()
    4006        TEXT = auto()
    4007        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4008        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4009        TIME = auto()
    4010        TIMETZ = auto()
    4011        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4012        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4013        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4014        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4015        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4016        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4017        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4018        TINYINT = auto()
    4019        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4020        TSRANGE = auto()
    4021        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4022        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4023        UBIGINT = auto()
    4024        UINT = auto()
    4025        UINT128 = auto()
    4026        UINT256 = auto()
    4027        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4028        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4029        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4030        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4031        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4032        USMALLINT = auto()
    4033        UTINYINT = auto()
    4034        UUID = auto()
    4035        VARBINARY = auto()
    4036        VARCHAR = auto()
    4037        VARIANT = auto()
    4038        XML = auto()
    4039        YEAR = auto()
    4040        TDIGEST = auto()

An enumeration.

ARRAY = <Type.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>
AGGREGATEFUNCTION = <Type.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>
SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = <Type.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>
BIGDECIMAL = <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>
BIGINT = <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>
BIGSERIAL = <Type.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>
BINARY = <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>
BIT = <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>
BOOLEAN = <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>
BPCHAR = <Type.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>
CHAR = <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>
DATE = <Type.DATE: 'DATE'>
DATE32 = <Type.DATE32: 'DATE32'>
DATEMULTIRANGE = <Type.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>
DATERANGE = <Type.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>
DATETIME = <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>
DATETIME64 = <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>
DECIMAL = <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>
DOUBLE = <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>
ENUM = <Type.ENUM: 'ENUM'>
ENUM8 = <Type.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>
ENUM16 = <Type.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>
FIXEDSTRING = <Type.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>
FLOAT = <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>
GEOGRAPHY = <Type.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>
GEOMETRY = <Type.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>
HLLSKETCH = <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>
HSTORE = <Type.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>
IMAGE = <Type.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>
INET = <Type.INET: 'INET'>
INT = <Type.INT: 'INT'>
INT128 = <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>
INT256 = <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>
INT4MULTIRANGE = <Type.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>
INT4RANGE = <Type.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>
INT8MULTIRANGE = <Type.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>
INT8RANGE = <Type.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>
INTERVAL = <Type.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>
IPADDRESS = <Type.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>
IPPREFIX = <Type.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>
IPV4 = <Type.IPV4: 'IPV4'>
IPV6 = <Type.IPV6: 'IPV6'>
JSON = <Type.JSON: 'JSON'>
JSONB = <Type.JSONB: 'JSONB'>
LONGBLOB = <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>
LONGTEXT = <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>
LOWCARDINALITY = <Type.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>
MAP = <Type.MAP: 'MAP'>
MEDIUMBLOB = <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>
MEDIUMINT = <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>
MEDIUMTEXT = <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>
MONEY = <Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>
NAME = <Type.NAME: 'NAME'>
NCHAR = <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>
NESTED = <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>
NULL = <Type.NULL: 'NULL'>
NULLABLE = <Type.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>
NUMMULTIRANGE = <Type.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>
NUMRANGE = <Type.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>
NVARCHAR = <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>
OBJECT = <Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>
ROWVERSION = <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>
SERIAL = <Type.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>
SET = <Type.SET: 'SET'>
SMALLINT = <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>
SMALLMONEY = <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>
SMALLSERIAL = <Type.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>
STRUCT = <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>
SUPER = <Type.SUPER: 'SUPER'>
TEXT = <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>
TINYBLOB = <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>
TINYTEXT = <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>
TIME = <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>
TIMETZ = <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>
TIMESTAMP = <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>
TIMESTAMPNTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>
TIMESTAMPLTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>
TIMESTAMPTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>
TIMESTAMP_S = <Type.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>
TIMESTAMP_MS = <Type.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>
TIMESTAMP_NS = <Type.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>
TINYINT = <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>
TSMULTIRANGE = <Type.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>
TSRANGE = <Type.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>
TSTZMULTIRANGE = <Type.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>
TSTZRANGE = <Type.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>
UBIGINT = <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>
UINT = <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>
UINT128 = <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>
UINT256 = <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>
UMEDIUMINT = <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>
UDECIMAL = <Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>
UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = <Type.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>
UNKNOWN = <Type.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>
USERDEFINED = <Type.USERDEFINED: 'USER-DEFINED'>
USMALLINT = <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>
UTINYINT = <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>
UUID = <Type.UUID: 'UUID'>
VARBINARY = <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>
VARCHAR = <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>
VARIANT = <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>
XML = <Type.XML: 'XML'>
YEAR = <Type.YEAR: 'YEAR'>
TDIGEST = <Type.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>

##### Inherited Members

enum.Enum
  name
  value

DATA_TYPE = typing.Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]
class PseudoType(DataType): View Source

    4202class PseudoType(DataType):
    4203    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'pseudotype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class ObjectIdentifier(DataType): View Source

    4207class ObjectIdentifier(DataType):
    4208    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'objectidentifier'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate): View Source

    4212class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate):
    4213    pass

key = 'subquerypredicate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class All(SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    4216class All(SubqueryPredicate):
    4217    pass

key = 'all'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Any(SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    4220class Any(SubqueryPredicate):
    4221    pass

key = 'any'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Exists(SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    4224class Exists(SubqueryPredicate):
    4225    pass

key = 'exists'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Command(Expression): View Source

    4230class Command(Expression):
    4231    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'command'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Transaction(Expression): View Source

    4234class Transaction(Expression):
    4235    arg_types = {"this": False, "modes": False, "mark": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'modes': False, 'mark': False}
key = 'transaction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Commit(Expression): View Source

    4238class Commit(Expression):
    4239    arg_types = {"chain": False, "this": False, "durability": False}

arg_types = {'chain': False, 'this': False, 'durability': False}
key = 'commit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Rollback(Expression): View Source

    4242class Rollback(Expression):
    4243    arg_types = {"savepoint": False, "this": False}

arg_types = {'savepoint': False, 'this': False}
key = 'rollback'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterTable(Expression): View Source

    4246class AlterTable(Expression):
    4247    arg_types = {
    4248        "this": True,
    4249        "actions": True,
    4250        "exists": False,
    4251        "only": False,
    4252        "options": False,
    4253        "cluster": False,
    4254    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'actions': True, 'exists': False, 'only': False, 'options': False, 'cluster': False}
key = 'altertable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AddConstraint(Expression): View Source

    4257class AddConstraint(Expression):
    4258    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'addconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DropPartition(Expression): View Source

    4261class DropPartition(Expression):
    4262    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'droppartition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ReplacePartition(Expression): View Source

    4266class ReplacePartition(Expression):
    4267    arg_types = {"expression": True, "source": True}

arg_types = {'expression': True, 'source': True}
key = 'replacepartition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Binary(Condition): View Source

    4271class Binary(Condition):
    4272    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4273
    4274    @property
    4275    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4276        return self.this
    4277
    4278    @property
    4279    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4280        return self.expression

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
left: Expression View Source

    4274    @property
    4275    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4276        return self.this

right: Expression View Source

    4278    @property
    4279    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4280        return self.expression

key = 'binary'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Add(Binary): View Source

    4283class Add(Binary):
    4284    pass

key = 'add'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Connector(Binary): View Source

    4287class Connector(Binary):
    4288    pass

key = 'connector'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class And(Connector): View Source

    4291class And(Connector):
    4292    pass

key = 'and'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Or(Connector): View Source

    4295class Or(Connector):
    4296    pass

key = 'or'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseAnd(Binary): View Source

    4299class BitwiseAnd(Binary):
    4300    pass

key = 'bitwiseand'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary): View Source

    4303class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary):
    4304    pass

key = 'bitwiseleftshift'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseOr(Binary): View Source

    4307class BitwiseOr(Binary):
    4308    pass

key = 'bitwiseor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseRightShift(Binary): View Source

    4311class BitwiseRightShift(Binary):
    4312    pass

key = 'bitwiserightshift'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseXor(Binary): View Source

    4315class BitwiseXor(Binary):
    4316    pass

key = 'bitwisexor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Div(Binary): View Source

    4319class Div(Binary):
    4320    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "typed": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'typed': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'div'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class Overlaps(Binary): View Source

    4323class Overlaps(Binary):
    4324    pass

key = 'overlaps'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
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  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Dot(Binary): View Source

    4327class Dot(Binary):
    4328    @property
    4329    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4330        return self.expression.is_star
    4331
    4332    @property
    4333    def name(self) -> str:
    4334        return self.expression.name
    4335
    4336    @property
    4337    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4338        return self.name
    4339
    4340    @classmethod
    4341    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4342        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4343        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4344            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4345
    4346        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))
    4347
    4348    @property
    4349    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4350        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4351        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4352
    4353        parts.reverse()
    4354
    4355        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4356            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4357
    4358            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4359                parts.append(part)
    4360
    4361        parts.reverse()
    4362        return parts

is_star: bool View Source

    4328    @property
    4329    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4330        return self.expression.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

name: str View Source

    4332    @property
    4333    def name(self) -> str:
    4334        return self.expression.name

output_name: str View Source

    4336    @property
    4337    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4338        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

@classmethod
def build( self, expressions: Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot: View Source

    4340    @classmethod
    4341    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4342        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4343        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4344            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4345
    4346        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))

Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions.

parts: List[Expression] View Source

    4348    @property
    4349    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4350        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4351        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4352
    4353        parts.reverse()
    4354
    4355        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4356            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4357
    4358            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4359                parts.append(part)
    4360
    4361        parts.reverse()
    4362        return parts

Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table.

key = 'dot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class DPipe(Binary): View Source

    4365class DPipe(Binary):
    4366    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'safe': False}
key = 'dpipe'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class EQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4369class EQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4370    pass

key = 'eq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4373class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4374    pass

key = 'nullsafeeq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4377class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4378    pass

key = 'nullsafeneq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class PropertyEQ(Binary): View Source

    4382class PropertyEQ(Binary):
    4383    pass

key = 'propertyeq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Distance(Binary): View Source

    4386class Distance(Binary):
    4387    pass

key = 'distance'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Escape(Binary): View Source

    4390class Escape(Binary):
    4391    pass

key = 'escape'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Glob(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4394class Glob(Binary, Predicate):
    4395    pass

key = 'glob'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class GT(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4398class GT(Binary, Predicate):
    4399    pass

key = 'gt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class GTE(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4402class GTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4403    pass

key = 'gte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class ILike(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4406class ILike(Binary, Predicate):
    4407    pass

key = 'ilike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4410class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4411    pass

key = 'ilikeany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class IntDiv(Binary): View Source

    4414class IntDiv(Binary):
    4415    pass

key = 'intdiv'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Is(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4418class Is(Binary, Predicate):
    4419    pass

key = 'is'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Kwarg(Binary): View Source

    4422class Kwarg(Binary):
    4423    """Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y)."""

Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y).

key = 'kwarg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Like(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4426class Like(Binary, Predicate):
    4427    pass

key = 'like'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4430class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4431    pass

key = 'likeany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class LT(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4434class LT(Binary, Predicate):
    4435    pass

key = 'lt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class LTE(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4438class LTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4439    pass

key = 'lte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Mod(Binary): View Source

    4442class Mod(Binary):
    4443    pass

key = 'mod'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Mul(Binary): View Source

    4446class Mul(Binary):
    4447    pass

key = 'mul'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class NEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4450class NEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4451    pass

key = 'neq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Operator(Binary): View Source

    4455class Operator(Binary):
    4456    arg_types = {"this": True, "operator": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'operator': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'operator'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4459class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate):
    4460    pass

key = 'similarto'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Slice(Binary): View Source

    4463class Slice(Binary):
    4464    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False}
key = 'slice'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class Sub(Binary): View Source

    4467class Sub(Binary):
    4468    pass

key = 'sub'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Unary(Condition): View Source

    4473class Unary(Condition):
    4474    pass

key = 'unary'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class BitwiseNot(Unary): View Source

    4477class BitwiseNot(Unary):
    4478    pass

key = 'bitwisenot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Not(Unary): View Source

    4481class Not(Unary):
    4482    pass

key = 'not'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Paren(Unary): View Source

    4485class Paren(Unary):
    4486    @property
    4487    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4488        return self.this.name

output_name: str View Source

    4486    @property
    4487    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4488        return self.this.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'paren'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Neg(Unary): View Source

    4491class Neg(Unary):
    4492    pass

key = 'neg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Alias(Expression): View Source

    4495class Alias(Expression):
    4496    arg_types = {"this": True, "alias": False}
    4497
    4498    @property
    4499    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4500        return self.alias

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': False}
output_name: str View Source

    4498    @property
    4499    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4500        return self.alias

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'alias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PivotAlias(Alias): View Source

    4505class PivotAlias(Alias):
    4506    pass

key = 'pivotalias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Alias
  arg_types
  output_name

class Aliases(Expression): View Source

    4509class Aliases(Expression):
    4510    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    4511
    4512    @property
    4513    def aliases(self):
    4514        return self.expressions

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
aliases View Source

    4512    @property
    4513    def aliases(self):
    4514        return self.expressions

key = 'aliases'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AtIndex(Expression): View Source

    4518class AtIndex(Expression):
    4519    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'atindex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AtTimeZone(Expression): View Source

    4522class AtTimeZone(Expression):
    4523    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': True}
key = 'attimezone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class FromTimeZone(Expression): View Source

    4526class FromTimeZone(Expression):
    4527    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': True}
key = 'fromtimezone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Between(Predicate): View Source

    4530class Between(Predicate):
    4531    arg_types = {"this": True, "low": True, "high": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'low': True, 'high': True}
key = 'between'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Bracket(Condition): View Source

    4534class Bracket(Condition):
    4535    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/operators#array_subscript_operator
    4536    arg_types = {
    4537        "this": True,
    4538        "expressions": True,
    4539        "offset": False,
    4540        "safe": False,
    4541        "returns_list_for_maps": False,
    4542    }
    4543
    4544    @property
    4545    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4546        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4547            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4548
    4549        return super().output_name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'offset': False, 'safe': False, 'returns_list_for_maps': False}
output_name: str View Source

    4544    @property
    4545    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4546        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4547            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4548
    4549        return super().output_name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'bracket'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Distinct(Expression): View Source

    4552class Distinct(Expression):
    4553    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "on": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'on': False}
key = 'distinct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class In(Predicate): View Source

    4556class In(Predicate):
    4557    arg_types = {
    4558        "this": True,
    4559        "expressions": False,
    4560        "query": False,
    4561        "unnest": False,
    4562        "field": False,
    4563        "is_global": False,
    4564    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'query': False, 'unnest': False, 'field': False, 'is_global': False}
key = 'in'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ForIn(Expression): View Source

    4568class ForIn(Expression):
    4569    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'forin'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeUnit(Expression): View Source

    4572class TimeUnit(Expression):
    4573    """Automatically converts unit arg into a var."""
    4574
    4575    arg_types = {"unit": False}
    4576
    4577    UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {
    4578        "D": "DAY",
    4579        "H": "HOUR",
    4580        "M": "MINUTE",
    4581        "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    4582        "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    4583        "Q": "QUARTER",
    4584        "S": "SECOND",
    4585        "US": "MICROSECOND",
    4586        "W": "WEEK",
    4587        "Y": "YEAR",
    4588    }
    4589
    4590    VAR_LIKE = (Column, Literal, Var)
    4591
    4592    def __init__(self, **args):
    4593        unit = args.get("unit")
    4594        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    4595            args["unit"] = Var(
    4596                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    4597            )
    4598        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    4599            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    4600
    4601        super().__init__(**args)
    4602
    4603    @property
    4604    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    4605        return self.args.get("unit")

Automatically converts unit arg into a var.

TimeUnit(**args) View Source

    4592    def __init__(self, **args):
    4593        unit = args.get("unit")
    4594        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    4595            args["unit"] = Var(
    4596                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    4597            )
    4598        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    4599            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    4600
    4601        super().__init__(**args)

arg_types = {'unit': False}
UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {'D': 'DAY', 'H': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'S': 'SECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'W': 'WEEK', 'Y': 'YEAR'}
VAR_LIKE = (<class 'Column'>, <class 'Literal'>, <class 'Var'>)
unit: Union[Var, IntervalSpan, NoneType] View Source

    4603    @property
    4604    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    4605        return self.args.get("unit")

key = 'timeunit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IntervalOp(TimeUnit): View Source

    4608class IntervalOp(TimeUnit):
    4609    arg_types = {"unit": True, "expression": True}
    4610
    4611    def interval(self):
    4612        return Interval(
    4613            this=self.expression.copy(),
    4614            unit=self.unit.copy(),
    4615        )

arg_types = {'unit': True, 'expression': True}
def interval(self): View Source

    4611    def interval(self):
    4612        return Interval(
    4613            this=self.expression.copy(),
    4614            unit=self.unit.copy(),
    4615        )

key = 'intervalop'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IntervalSpan(DataType): View Source

    4621class IntervalSpan(DataType):
    4622    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'intervalspan'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class Interval(TimeUnit): View Source

    4625class Interval(TimeUnit):
    4626    arg_types = {"this": False, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'unit': False}
key = 'interval'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IgnoreNulls(Expression): View Source

    4629class IgnoreNulls(Expression):
    4630    pass

key = 'ignorenulls'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RespectNulls(Expression): View Source

    4633class RespectNulls(Expression):
    4634    pass

key = 'respectnulls'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class HavingMax(Expression): View Source

    4638class HavingMax(Expression):
    4639    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "max": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'max': True}
key = 'havingmax'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Func(Condition): View Source

    4643class Func(Condition):
    4644    """
    4645    The base class for all function expressions.
    4646
    4647    Attributes:
    4648        is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be
    4649            treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
    4650        _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this
    4651            function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as
    4652            well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL
    4653            name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.
    4654    """
    4655
    4656    is_var_len_args = False
    4657
    4658    @classmethod
    4659    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    4660        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    4661            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    4662            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    4663            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    4664            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    4665
    4666            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    4667            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    4668        else:
    4669            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    4670
    4671        return cls(**args_dict)
    4672
    4673    @classmethod
    4674    def sql_names(cls):
    4675        if cls is Func:
    4676            raise NotImplementedError(
    4677                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    4678            )
    4679        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    4680            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    4681        return cls._sql_names
    4682
    4683    @classmethod
    4684    def sql_name(cls):
    4685        return cls.sql_names()[0]
    4686
    4687    @classmethod
    4688    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    4689        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}

The base class for all function expressions.

###### Attributes:

- is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
- _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.

is_var_len_args = False
@classmethod
def from_arg_list(cls, args): View Source

    4658    @classmethod
    4659    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    4660        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    4661            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    4662            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    4663            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    4664            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    4665
    4666            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    4667            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    4668        else:
    4669            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    4670
    4671        return cls(**args_dict)

@classmethod
def sql_names(cls): View Source

    4673    @classmethod
    4674    def sql_names(cls):
    4675        if cls is Func:
    4676            raise NotImplementedError(
    4677                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    4678            )
    4679        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    4680            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    4681        return cls._sql_names

@classmethod
def sql_name(cls): View Source

    4683    @classmethod
    4684    def sql_name(cls):
    4685        return cls.sql_names()[0]

@classmethod
def default_parser_mappings(cls): View Source

    4687    @classmethod
    4688    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    4689        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}

key = 'func'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AggFunc(Func): View Source

    4692class AggFunc(Func):
    4693    pass

key = 'aggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    4696class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc):
    4697    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'params': True}
key = 'parameterizedagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Abs(Func): View Source

    4700class Abs(Func):
    4701    pass

key = 'abs'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArgMax(AggFunc): View Source

    4704class ArgMax(AggFunc):
    4705    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    4706    _sql_names = ["ARG_MAX", "ARGMAX", "MAX_BY"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'count': False}
key = 'argmax'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArgMin(AggFunc): View Source

    4709class ArgMin(AggFunc):
    4710    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    4711    _sql_names = ["ARG_MIN", "ARGMIN", "MIN_BY"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'count': False}
key = 'argmin'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxTopK(AggFunc): View Source

    4714class ApproxTopK(AggFunc):
    4715    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "counters": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'counters': False}
key = 'approxtopk'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Flatten(Func): View Source

    4718class Flatten(Func):
    4719    pass

key = 'flatten'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Transform(Func): View Source

    4723class Transform(Func):
    4724    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'transform'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Anonymous(Func): View Source

    4727class Anonymous(Func):
    4728    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4729    is_var_len_args = True
    4730
    4731    @property
    4732    def name(self) -> str:
    4733        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
name: str View Source

    4731    @property
    4732    def name(self) -> str:
    4733        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name

key = 'anonymous'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc): View Source

    4736class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc):
    4737    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4738    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'anonymousaggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc): View Source

    4742class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc):
    4743    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "parts": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'parts': True}
key = 'combinedaggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
AnonymousAggFunc
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg): View Source

    4746class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg):
    4747    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True, "parts": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'params': True, 'parts': True}
key = 'combinedparameterizedagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Hll(AggFunc): View Source

    4752class Hll(AggFunc):
    4753    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4754    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'hll'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc): View Source

    4757class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc):
    4758    arg_types = {"this": True, "accuracy": False}
    4759    _sql_names = ["APPROX_DISTINCT", "APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'accuracy': False}
key = 'approxdistinct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Array(Func): View Source

    4762class Array(Func):
    4763    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    4764    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'array'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToArray(Func): View Source

    4768class ToArray(Func):
    4769    pass

key = 'toarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToChar(Func): View Source

    4774class ToChar(Func):
    4775    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "nlsparam": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'nlsparam': False}
key = 'tochar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToNumber(Func): View Source

    4780class ToNumber(Func):
    4781    arg_types = {
    4782        "this": True,
    4783        "format": False,
    4784        "nlsparam": False,
    4785        "precision": False,
    4786        "scale": False,
    4787    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'nlsparam': False, 'precision': False, 'scale': False}
key = 'tonumber'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Convert(Func): View Source

    4791class Convert(Func):
    4792    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "style": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'style': False}
key = 'convert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GenerateSeries(Func): View Source

    4795class GenerateSeries(Func):
    4796    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False, "is_end_exclusive": False}

arg_types = {'start': True, 'end': True, 'step': False, 'is_end_exclusive': False}
key = 'generateseries'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    4799class ArrayAgg(AggFunc):
    4800    pass

key = 'arrayagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    4803class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc):
    4804    pass

key = 'arrayuniqueagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAll(Func): View Source

    4807class ArrayAll(Func):
    4808    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayall'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAny(Func): View Source

    4812class ArrayAny(Func):
    4813    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayConcat(Func): View Source

    4816class ArrayConcat(Func):
    4817    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONCAT", "ARRAY_CAT"]
    4818    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4819    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'arrayconcat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayConstructCompact(Func): View Source

    4822class ArrayConstructCompact(Func):
    4823    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    4824    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'arrayconstructcompact'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayContains(Binary, Func): View Source

    4827class ArrayContains(Binary, Func):
    4828    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS", "ARRAY_HAS"]

key = 'arraycontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func): View Source

    4831class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func):
    4832    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL", "ARRAY_HAS_ALL"]

key = 'arraycontainsall'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayFilter(Func): View Source

    4835class ArrayFilter(Func):
    4836    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4837    _sql_names = ["FILTER", "ARRAY_FILTER"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayfilter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayToString(Func): View Source

    4840class ArrayToString(Func):
    4841    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    4842    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_TO_STRING", "ARRAY_JOIN"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'null': False}
key = 'arraytostring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StringToArray(Func): View Source

    4845class StringToArray(Func):
    4846    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    4847    _sql_names = ["STRING_TO_ARRAY", "SPLIT_BY_STRING"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'null': False}
key = 'stringtoarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func): View Source

    4850class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func):
    4851    pass

key = 'arrayoverlaps'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySize(Func): View Source

    4854class ArraySize(Func):
    4855    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4856    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_SIZE", "ARRAY_LENGTH"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySort(Func): View Source

    4859class ArraySort(Func):
    4860    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysort'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySum(Func): View Source

    4863class ArraySum(Func):
    4864    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysum'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    4867class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc):
    4868    pass

key = 'arrayunionagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Avg(AggFunc): View Source

    4871class Avg(AggFunc):
    4872    pass

key = 'avg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AnyValue(AggFunc): View Source

    4875class AnyValue(AggFunc):
    4876    pass

key = 'anyvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lag(AggFunc): View Source

    4879class Lag(AggFunc):
    4880    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': False, 'default': False}
key = 'lag'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lead(AggFunc): View Source

    4883class Lead(AggFunc):
    4884    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': False, 'default': False}
key = 'lead'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class First(AggFunc): View Source

    4889class First(AggFunc):
    4890    pass

key = 'first'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Last(AggFunc): View Source

    4893class Last(AggFunc):
    4894    pass

key = 'last'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FirstValue(AggFunc): View Source

    4897class FirstValue(AggFunc):
    4898    pass

key = 'firstvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LastValue(AggFunc): View Source

    4901class LastValue(AggFunc):
    4902    pass

key = 'lastvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class NthValue(AggFunc): View Source

    4905class NthValue(AggFunc):
    4906    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': True}
key = 'nthvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Case(Func): View Source

    4909class Case(Func):
    4910    arg_types = {"this": False, "ifs": True, "default": False}
    4911
    4912    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    4913        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4914        instance.append(
    4915            "ifs",
    4916            If(
    4917                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    4918                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    4919            ),
    4920        )
    4921        return instance
    4922
    4923    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    4924        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4925        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    4926        return instance

arg_types = {'this': False, 'ifs': True, 'default': False}
def when( self, condition: Union[str, Expression], then: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    4912    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    4913        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4914        instance.append(
    4915            "ifs",
    4916            If(
    4917                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    4918                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    4919            ),
    4920        )
    4921        return instance

def else_( self, condition: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    4923    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    4924        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4925        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    4926        return instance

key = 'case'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Cast(Func): View Source

    4929class Cast(Func):
    4930    arg_types = {
    4931        "this": True,
    4932        "to": True,
    4933        "format": False,
    4934        "safe": False,
    4935        "action": False,
    4936    }
    4937
    4938    @property
    4939    def name(self) -> str:
    4940        return self.this.name
    4941
    4942    @property
    4943    def to(self) -> DataType:
    4944        return self.args["to"]
    4945
    4946    @property
    4947    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4948        return self.name
    4949
    4950    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    4951        """
    4952        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    4953        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    4954        array<int> != array<float>.
    4955
    4956        Args:
    4957            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    4958
    4959        Returns:
    4960            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    4961        """
    4962        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True, 'format': False, 'safe': False, 'action': False}
name: str View Source

    4938    @property
    4939    def name(self) -> str:
    4940        return self.this.name

to: DataType View Source

    4942    @property
    4943    def to(self) -> DataType:
    4944        return self.args["to"]

output_name: str View Source

    4946    @property
    4947    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4948        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

def is_type( self, *dtypes: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]) -> bool: View Source

    4950    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    4951        """
    4952        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    4953        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    4954        array<int> != array<float>.
    4955
    4956        Args:
    4957            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    4958
    4959        Returns:
    4960            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    4961        """
    4962        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)

Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array != array.

###### Arguments:

- dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.

###### Returns:

> True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.

key = 'cast'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TryCast(Cast): View Source

    4965class TryCast(Cast):
    4966    pass

key = 'trycast'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Cast
  arg_types
  name
  to
  output_name
  is_type
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Try(Func): View Source

    4969class Try(Func):
    4970    pass

key = 'try'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CastToStrType(Func): View Source

    4973class CastToStrType(Func):
    4974    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True}
key = 'casttostrtype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Collate(Binary, Func): View Source

    4977class Collate(Binary, Func):
    4978    pass

key = 'collate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Ceil(Func): View Source

    4981class Ceil(Func):
    4982    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    4983    _sql_names = ["CEIL", "CEILING"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False}
key = 'ceil'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Coalesce(Func): View Source

    4986class Coalesce(Func):
    4987    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    4988    is_var_len_args = True
    4989    _sql_names = ["COALESCE", "IFNULL", "NVL"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'coalesce'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Chr(Func): View Source

    4992class Chr(Func):
    4993    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": False, "expressions": False}
    4994    is_var_len_args = True
    4995    _sql_names = ["CHR", "CHAR"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'charset': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'chr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Concat(Func): View Source

    4998class Concat(Func):
    4999    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "safe": False, "coalesce": False}
    5000    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'safe': False, 'coalesce': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'concat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ConcatWs(Concat): View Source

    5003class ConcatWs(Concat):
    5004    _sql_names = ["CONCAT_WS"]

key = 'concatws'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Concat
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ConnectByRoot(Func): View Source

    5008class ConnectByRoot(Func):
    5009    pass

key = 'connectbyroot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Count(AggFunc): View Source

    5012class Count(AggFunc):
    5013    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False}
    5014    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'count'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CountIf(AggFunc): View Source

    5017class CountIf(AggFunc):
    5018    _sql_names = ["COUNT_IF", "COUNTIF"]

key = 'countif'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Cbrt(Func): View Source

    5022class Cbrt(Func):
    5023    pass

key = 'cbrt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentDate(Func): View Source

    5026class CurrentDate(Func):
    5027    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentdate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentDatetime(Func): View Source

    5030class CurrentDatetime(Func):
    5031    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentdatetime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentTime(Func): View Source

    5034class CurrentTime(Func):
    5035    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currenttime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentTimestamp(Func): View Source

    5038class CurrentTimestamp(Func):
    5039    arg_types = {"this": False, "transaction": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'transaction': False}
key = 'currenttimestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentUser(Func): View Source

    5042class CurrentUser(Func):
    5043    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentuser'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5046class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5047    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'dateadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5050class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5051    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5054class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5055    _sql_names = ["DATEDIFF", "DATE_DIFF"]
    5056    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateTrunc(Func): View Source

    5059class DateTrunc(Func):
    5060    arg_types = {"unit": True, "this": True, "zone": False}
    5061
    5062    def __init__(self, **args):
    5063        unit = args.get("unit")
    5064        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5065            args["unit"] = Literal.string(
    5066                (TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5067            )
    5068        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5069            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5070
    5071        super().__init__(**args)
    5072
    5073    @property
    5074    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5075        return self.args["unit"]

DateTrunc(**args) View Source

    5062    def __init__(self, **args):
    5063        unit = args.get("unit")
    5064        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5065            args["unit"] = Literal.string(
    5066                (TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5067            )
    5068        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5069            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5070
    5071        super().__init__(**args)

arg_types = {'unit': True, 'this': True, 'zone': False}
unit: Expression View Source

    5073    @property
    5074    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5075        return self.args["unit"]

key = 'datetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5078class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5079    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimeadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5082class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5083    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5086class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5087    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5090class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5091    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'datetimetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DayOfWeek(Func): View Source

    5094class DayOfWeek(Func):
    5095    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_WEEK", "DAYOFWEEK"]

key = 'dayofweek'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DayOfMonth(Func): View Source

    5098class DayOfMonth(Func):
    5099    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_MONTH", "DAYOFMONTH"]

key = 'dayofmonth'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DayOfYear(Func): View Source

    5102class DayOfYear(Func):
    5103    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_YEAR", "DAYOFYEAR"]

key = 'dayofyear'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToDays(Func): View Source

    5106class ToDays(Func):
    5107    pass

key = 'todays'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class WeekOfYear(Func): View Source

    5110class WeekOfYear(Func):
    5111    _sql_names = ["WEEK_OF_YEAR", "WEEKOFYEAR"]

key = 'weekofyear'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MonthsBetween(Func): View Source

    5114class MonthsBetween(Func):
    5115    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "roundoff": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'roundoff': False}
key = 'monthsbetween'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5118class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit):
    5119    _sql_names = ["LAST_DAY", "LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH"]
    5120    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'lastday'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Extract(Func): View Source

    5123class Extract(Func):
    5124    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'extract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Timestamp(Func): View Source

    5127class Timestamp(Func):
    5128    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False, "with_tz": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'with_tz': False}
key = 'timestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5131class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5132    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5135class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5136    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampsub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5139class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5140    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMPDIFF", "TIMESTAMP_DIFF"]
    5141    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampdiff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5144class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5145    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'timestamptrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5148class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5149    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timeadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5152class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5153    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5156class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5157    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5160class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5161    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'timetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateFromParts(Func): View Source

    5164class DateFromParts(Func):
    5165    _sql_names = ["DATE_FROM_PARTS", "DATEFROMPARTS"]
    5166    arg_types = {"year": True, "month": True, "day": True}

arg_types = {'year': True, 'month': True, 'day': True}
key = 'datefromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeFromParts(Func): View Source

    5169class TimeFromParts(Func):
    5170    _sql_names = ["TIME_FROM_PARTS", "TIMEFROMPARTS"]
    5171    arg_types = {
    5172        "hour": True,
    5173        "min": True,
    5174        "sec": True,
    5175        "nano": False,
    5176        "fractions": False,
    5177        "precision": False,
    5178    }

arg_types = {'hour': True, 'min': True, 'sec': True, 'nano': False, 'fractions': False, 'precision': False}
key = 'timefromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateStrToDate(Func): View Source

    5181class DateStrToDate(Func):
    5182    pass

key = 'datestrtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateToDateStr(Func): View Source

    5185class DateToDateStr(Func):
    5186    pass

key = 'datetodatestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateToDi(Func): View Source

    5189class DateToDi(Func):
    5190    pass

key = 'datetodi'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Date(Func): View Source

    5194class Date(Func):
    5195    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "expressions": False}
    5196    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': False, 'zone': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'date'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Day(Func): View Source

    5199class Day(Func):
    5200    pass

key = 'day'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Decode(Func): View Source

    5203class Decode(Func):
    5204    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True, "replace": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'charset': True, 'replace': False}
key = 'decode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DiToDate(Func): View Source

    5207class DiToDate(Func):
    5208    pass

key = 'ditodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Encode(Func): View Source

    5211class Encode(Func):
    5212    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'charset': True}
key = 'encode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Exp(Func): View Source

    5215class Exp(Func):
    5216    pass

key = 'exp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Explode(Func): View Source

    5220class Explode(Func):
    5221    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5222    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'explode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ExplodeOuter(Explode): View Source

    5225class ExplodeOuter(Explode):
    5226    pass

key = 'explodeouter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Posexplode(Explode): View Source

    5229class Posexplode(Explode):
    5230    pass

key = 'posexplode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter): View Source

    5233class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter):
    5234    pass

key = 'posexplodeouter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Floor(Func): View Source

    5237class Floor(Func):
    5238    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False}
key = 'floor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FromBase64(Func): View Source

    5241class FromBase64(Func):
    5242    pass

key = 'frombase64'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToBase64(Func): View Source

    5245class ToBase64(Func):
    5246    pass

key = 'tobase64'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GenerateDateArray(Func): View Source

    5249class GenerateDateArray(Func):
    5250    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "interval": False}

arg_types = {'start': True, 'end': True, 'interval': False}
key = 'generatedatearray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Greatest(Func): View Source

    5253class Greatest(Func):
    5254    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5255    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'greatest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GroupConcat(AggFunc): View Source

    5258class GroupConcat(AggFunc):
    5259    arg_types = {"this": True, "separator": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'separator': False}
key = 'groupconcat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Hex(Func): View Source

    5262class Hex(Func):
    5263    pass

key = 'hex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LowerHex(Hex): View Source

    5266class LowerHex(Hex):
    5267    pass

key = 'lowerhex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Xor(Connector, Func): View Source

    5270class Xor(Connector, Func):
    5271    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'xor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class If(Func): View Source

    5274class If(Func):
    5275    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    5276    _sql_names = ["IF", "IIF"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'true': True, 'false': False}
key = 'if'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Nullif(Func): View Source

    5279class Nullif(Func):
    5280    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'nullif'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Initcap(Func): View Source

    5283class Initcap(Func):
    5284    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'initcap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class IsNan(Func): View Source

    5287class IsNan(Func):
    5288    _sql_names = ["IS_NAN", "ISNAN"]

key = 'isnan'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class IsInf(Func): View Source

    5291class IsInf(Func):
    5292    _sql_names = ["IS_INF", "ISINF"]

key = 'isinf'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONPath(Expression): View Source

    5295class JSONPath(Expression):
    5296    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5297
    5298    @property
    5299    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5300        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5301        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
output_name: str View Source

    5298    @property
    5299    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5300        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5301        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonpath'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathPart(Expression): View Source

    5304class JSONPathPart(Expression):
    5305    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'jsonpathpart'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5308class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart):
    5309    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathfilter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5312class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart):
    5313    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5316class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart):
    5317    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'jsonpathrecursive'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5320class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart):
    5321    pass

key = 'jsonpathroot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
JSONPathPart
  arg_types

class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5324class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart):
    5325    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathscript'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5328class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart):
    5329    arg_types = {"start": False, "end": False, "step": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'end': False, 'step': False}
key = 'jsonpathslice'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5332class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart):
    5333    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathselector'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5336class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart):
    5337    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathsubscript'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5340class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart):
    5341    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'jsonpathunion'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5344class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart):
    5345    pass

key = 'jsonpathwildcard'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
JSONPathPart
  arg_types

class FormatJson(Expression): View Source

    5348class FormatJson(Expression):
    5349    pass

key = 'formatjson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONKeyValue(Expression): View Source

    5352class JSONKeyValue(Expression):
    5353    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'jsonkeyvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONObject(Func): View Source

    5356class JSONObject(Func):
    5357    arg_types = {
    5358        "expressions": False,
    5359        "null_handling": False,
    5360        "unique_keys": False,
    5361        "return_type": False,
    5362        "encoding": False,
    5363    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'null_handling': False, 'unique_keys': False, 'return_type': False, 'encoding': False}
key = 'jsonobject'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5366class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc):
    5367    arg_types = {
    5368        "expressions": False,
    5369        "null_handling": False,
    5370        "unique_keys": False,
    5371        "return_type": False,
    5372        "encoding": False,
    5373    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'null_handling': False, 'unique_keys': False, 'return_type': False, 'encoding': False}
key = 'jsonobjectagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArray(Func): View Source

    5377class JSONArray(Func):
    5378    arg_types = {
    5379        "expressions": True,
    5380        "null_handling": False,
    5381        "return_type": False,
    5382        "strict": False,
    5383    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'null_handling': False, 'return_type': False, 'strict': False}
key = 'jsonarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArrayAgg(Func): View Source

    5387class JSONArrayAgg(Func):
    5388    arg_types = {
    5389        "this": True,
    5390        "order": False,
    5391        "null_handling": False,
    5392        "return_type": False,
    5393        "strict": False,
    5394    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'order': False, 'null_handling': False, 'return_type': False, 'strict': False}
key = 'jsonarrayagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    5399class JSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5400    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False, "path": False, "nested_schema": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False, 'path': False, 'nested_schema': False}
key = 'jsoncolumndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONSchema(Expression): View Source

    5403class JSONSchema(Expression):
    5404    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'jsonschema'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONTable(Func): View Source

    5408class JSONTable(Func):
    5409    arg_types = {
    5410        "this": True,
    5411        "schema": True,
    5412        "path": False,
    5413        "error_handling": False,
    5414        "empty_handling": False,
    5415    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'schema': True, 'path': False, 'error_handling': False, 'empty_handling': False}
key = 'jsontable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    5418class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5419    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "path": False, "as_json": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'path': False, 'as_json': False}
key = 'openjsoncolumndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class OpenJSON(Func): View Source

    5422class OpenJSON(Func):
    5423    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'path': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'openjson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBContains(Binary): View Source

    5426class JSONBContains(Binary):
    5427    _sql_names = ["JSONB_CONTAINS"]

key = 'jsonbcontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class JSONExtract(Binary, Func): View Source

    5430class JSONExtract(Binary, Func):
    5431    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "only_json_types": False, "expressions": False}
    5432    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT"]
    5433    is_var_len_args = True
    5434
    5435    @property
    5436    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5437        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'only_json_types': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
output_name: str View Source

    5435    @property
    5436    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5437        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func): View Source

    5440class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    5441    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "only_json_types": False, "expressions": False}
    5442    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    5443    is_var_len_args = True
    5444
    5445    @property
    5446    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5447        return self.expression.output_name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'only_json_types': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
output_name: str View Source

    5445    @property
    5446    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5447        return self.expression.output_name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonextractscalar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func): View Source

    5450class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func):
    5451    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT"]

key = 'jsonbextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func): View Source

    5454class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    5455    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]

key = 'jsonbextractscalar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONFormat(Func): View Source

    5458class JSONFormat(Func):
    5459    arg_types = {"this": False, "options": False}
    5460    _sql_names = ["JSON_FORMAT"]

arg_types = {'this': False, 'options': False}
key = 'jsonformat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func): View Source

    5464class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func):
    5465    _sql_names = ["JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS"]

key = 'jsonarraycontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ParseJSON(Func): View Source

    5468class ParseJSON(Func):
    5469    # BigQuery, Snowflake have PARSE_JSON, Presto has JSON_PARSE
    5470    _sql_names = ["PARSE_JSON", "JSON_PARSE"]
    5471    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5472    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'parsejson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Least(Func): View Source

    5475class Least(Func):
    5476    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5477    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'least'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Left(Func): View Source

    5480class Left(Func):
    5481    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'left'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Right(Func): View Source

    5484class Right(Func):
    5485    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'right'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Length(Func): View Source

    5488class Length(Func):
    5489    _sql_names = ["LENGTH", "LEN"]

key = 'length'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Levenshtein(Func): View Source

    5492class Levenshtein(Func):
    5493    arg_types = {
    5494        "this": True,
    5495        "expression": False,
    5496        "ins_cost": False,
    5497        "del_cost": False,
    5498        "sub_cost": False,
    5499    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'ins_cost': False, 'del_cost': False, 'sub_cost': False}
key = 'levenshtein'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Ln(Func): View Source

    5502class Ln(Func):
    5503    pass

key = 'ln'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Log(Func): View Source

    5506class Log(Func):
    5507    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'log'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LogicalOr(AggFunc): View Source

    5510class LogicalOr(AggFunc):
    5511    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_OR", "BOOL_OR", "BOOLOR_AGG"]

key = 'logicalor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LogicalAnd(AggFunc): View Source

    5514class LogicalAnd(AggFunc):
    5515    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_AND", "BOOL_AND", "BOOLAND_AGG"]

key = 'logicaland'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lower(Func): View Source

    5518class Lower(Func):
    5519    _sql_names = ["LOWER", "LCASE"]

key = 'lower'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Map(Func): View Source

    5522class Map(Func):
    5523    arg_types = {"keys": False, "values": False}
    5524
    5525    @property
    5526    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5527        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    5528        return keys.expressions if keys else []
    5529
    5530    @property
    5531    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5532        values = self.args.get("values")
    5533        return values.expressions if values else []

arg_types = {'keys': False, 'values': False}
keys: List[Expression] View Source

    5525    @property
    5526    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5527        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    5528        return keys.expressions if keys else []

values: List[Expression] View Source

    5530    @property
    5531    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5532        values = self.args.get("values")
    5533        return values.expressions if values else []

key = 'map'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToMap(Func): View Source

    5537class ToMap(Func):
    5538    pass

key = 'tomap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MapFromEntries(Func): View Source

    5541class MapFromEntries(Func):
    5542    pass

key = 'mapfromentries'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StarMap(Func): View Source

    5545class StarMap(Func):
    5546    pass

key = 'starmap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class VarMap(Func): View Source

    5549class VarMap(Func):
    5550    arg_types = {"keys": True, "values": True}
    5551    is_var_len_args = True
    5552
    5553    @property
    5554    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5555        return self.args["keys"].expressions
    5556
    5557    @property
    5558    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5559        return self.args["values"].expressions

arg_types = {'keys': True, 'values': True}
is_var_len_args = True
keys: List[Expression] View Source

    5553    @property
    5554    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5555        return self.args["keys"].expressions

values: List[Expression] View Source

    5557    @property
    5558    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5559        return self.args["values"].expressions

key = 'varmap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MatchAgainst(Func): View Source

    5563class MatchAgainst(Func):
    5564    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "modifier": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'modifier': False}
key = 'matchagainst'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Max(AggFunc): View Source

    5567class Max(AggFunc):
    5568    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5569    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'max'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MD5(Func): View Source

    5572class MD5(Func):
    5573    _sql_names = ["MD5"]

key = 'md5'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MD5Digest(Func): View Source

    5577class MD5Digest(Func):
    5578    _sql_names = ["MD5_DIGEST"]

key = 'md5digest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Min(AggFunc): View Source

    5581class Min(AggFunc):
    5582    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5583    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'min'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Month(Func): View Source

    5586class Month(Func):
    5587    pass

key = 'month'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AddMonths(Func): View Source

    5590class AddMonths(Func):
    5591    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'addmonths'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Nvl2(Func): View Source

    5594class Nvl2(Func):
    5595    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'true': True, 'false': False}
key = 'nvl2'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Predict(Func): View Source

    5599class Predict(Func):
    5600    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "params_struct": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'params_struct': False}
key = 'predict'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Pow(Binary, Func): View Source

    5603class Pow(Binary, Func):
    5604    _sql_names = ["POWER", "POW"]

key = 'pow'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class PercentileCont(AggFunc): View Source

    5607class PercentileCont(AggFunc):
    5608    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'percentilecont'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class PercentileDisc(AggFunc): View Source

    5611class PercentileDisc(AggFunc):
    5612    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'percentiledisc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Quantile(AggFunc): View Source

    5615class Quantile(AggFunc):
    5616    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quantile': True}
key = 'quantile'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxQuantile(Quantile): View Source

    5619class ApproxQuantile(Quantile):
    5620    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True, "accuracy": False, "weight": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quantile': True, 'accuracy': False, 'weight': False}
key = 'approxquantile'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Quarter(Func): View Source

    5623class Quarter(Func):
    5624    pass

key = 'quarter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Rand(Func): View Source

    5627class Rand(Func):
    5628    _sql_names = ["RAND", "RANDOM"]
    5629    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'rand'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Randn(Func): View Source

    5632class Randn(Func):
    5633    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'randn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RangeN(Func): View Source

    5636class RangeN(Func):
    5637    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "each": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'each': False}
key = 'rangen'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ReadCSV(Func): View Source

    5640class ReadCSV(Func):
    5641    _sql_names = ["READ_CSV"]
    5642    is_var_len_args = True
    5643    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

is_var_len_args = True
arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'readcsv'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Reduce(Func): View Source

    5646class Reduce(Func):
    5647    arg_types = {"this": True, "initial": True, "merge": True, "finish": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'initial': True, 'merge': True, 'finish': False}
key = 'reduce'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpExtract(Func): View Source

    5650class RegexpExtract(Func):
    5651    arg_types = {
    5652        "this": True,
    5653        "expression": True,
    5654        "position": False,
    5655        "occurrence": False,
    5656        "parameters": False,
    5657        "group": False,
    5658    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'position': False, 'occurrence': False, 'parameters': False, 'group': False}
key = 'regexpextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpReplace(Func): View Source

    5661class RegexpReplace(Func):
    5662    arg_types = {
    5663        "this": True,
    5664        "expression": True,
    5665        "replacement": False,
    5666        "position": False,
    5667        "occurrence": False,
    5668        "modifiers": False,
    5669    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'replacement': False, 'position': False, 'occurrence': False, 'modifiers': False}
key = 'regexpreplace'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpLike(Binary, Func): View Source

    5672class RegexpLike(Binary, Func):
    5673    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'flag': False}
key = 'regexplike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpILike(Binary, Func): View Source

    5676class RegexpILike(Binary, Func):
    5677    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'flag': False}
key = 'regexpilike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpSplit(Func): View Source

    5682class RegexpSplit(Func):
    5683    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'limit': False}
key = 'regexpsplit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Repeat(Func): View Source

    5686class Repeat(Func):
    5687    arg_types = {"this": True, "times": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'times': True}
key = 'repeat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Round(Func): View Source

    5692class Round(Func):
    5693    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False, "truncate": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False, 'truncate': False}
key = 'round'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RowNumber(Func): View Source

    5696class RowNumber(Func):
    5697    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}

arg_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
key = 'rownumber'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SafeDivide(Func): View Source

    5700class SafeDivide(Func):
    5701    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'safedivide'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SHA(Func): View Source

    5704class SHA(Func):
    5705    _sql_names = ["SHA", "SHA1"]

key = 'sha'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SHA2(Func): View Source

    5708class SHA2(Func):
    5709    _sql_names = ["SHA2"]
    5710    arg_types = {"this": True, "length": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'length': False}
key = 'sha2'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sign(Func): View Source

    5713class Sign(Func):
    5714    _sql_names = ["SIGN", "SIGNUM"]

key = 'sign'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SortArray(Func): View Source

    5717class SortArray(Func):
    5718    arg_types = {"this": True, "asc": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'asc': False}
key = 'sortarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Split(Func): View Source

    5721class Split(Func):
    5722    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'limit': False}
key = 'split'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Substring(Func): View Source

    5727class Substring(Func):
    5728    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": False, "length": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'start': False, 'length': False}
key = 'substring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StandardHash(Func): View Source

    5731class StandardHash(Func):
    5732    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'standardhash'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StartsWith(Func): View Source

    5735class StartsWith(Func):
    5736    _sql_names = ["STARTS_WITH", "STARTSWITH"]
    5737    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'startswith'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrPosition(Func): View Source

    5740class StrPosition(Func):
    5741    arg_types = {
    5742        "this": True,
    5743        "substr": True,
    5744        "position": False,
    5745        "instance": False,
    5746    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'substr': True, 'position': False, 'instance': False}
key = 'strposition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToDate(Func): View Source

    5749class StrToDate(Func):
    5750    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True}
key = 'strtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToTime(Func): View Source

    5753class StrToTime(Func):
    5754    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'strtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToUnix(Func): View Source

    5759class StrToUnix(Func):
    5760    arg_types = {"this": False, "format": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'format': False}
key = 'strtounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToMap(Func): View Source

    5765class StrToMap(Func):
    5766    arg_types = {
    5767        "this": True,
    5768        "pair_delim": False,
    5769        "key_value_delim": False,
    5770        "duplicate_resolution_callback": False,
    5771    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'pair_delim': False, 'key_value_delim': False, 'duplicate_resolution_callback': False}
key = 'strtomap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class NumberToStr(Func): View Source

    5774class NumberToStr(Func):
    5775    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'culture': False}
key = 'numbertostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FromBase(Func): View Source

    5778class FromBase(Func):
    5779    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'frombase'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Struct(Func): View Source

    5782class Struct(Func):
    5783    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    5784    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'struct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StructExtract(Func): View Source

    5787class StructExtract(Func):
    5788    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'structextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Stuff(Func): View Source

    5793class Stuff(Func):
    5794    _sql_names = ["STUFF", "INSERT"]
    5795    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": True, "length": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'start': True, 'length': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'stuff'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sum(AggFunc): View Source

    5798class Sum(AggFunc):
    5799    pass

key = 'sum'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sqrt(Func): View Source

    5802class Sqrt(Func):
    5803    pass

key = 'sqrt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Stddev(AggFunc): View Source

    5806class Stddev(AggFunc):
    5807    pass

key = 'stddev'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StddevPop(AggFunc): View Source

    5810class StddevPop(AggFunc):
    5811    pass

key = 'stddevpop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StddevSamp(AggFunc): View Source

    5814class StddevSamp(AggFunc):
    5815    pass

key = 'stddevsamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToStr(Func): View Source

    5818class TimeToStr(Func):
    5819    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False, "timezone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'culture': False, 'timezone': False}
key = 'timetostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToTimeStr(Func): View Source

    5822class TimeToTimeStr(Func):
    5823    pass

key = 'timetotimestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToUnix(Func): View Source

    5826class TimeToUnix(Func):
    5827    pass

key = 'timetounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToDate(Func): View Source

    5830class TimeStrToDate(Func):
    5831    pass

key = 'timestrtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToTime(Func): View Source

    5834class TimeStrToTime(Func):
    5835    pass

key = 'timestrtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToUnix(Func): View Source

    5838class TimeStrToUnix(Func):
    5839    pass

key = 'timestrtounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Trim(Func): View Source

    5842class Trim(Func):
    5843    arg_types = {
    5844        "this": True,
    5845        "expression": False,
    5846        "position": False,
    5847        "collation": False,
    5848    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'position': False, 'collation': False}
key = 'trim'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5851class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5852    # return_type is used to correctly cast the arguments of this expression when transpiling it
    5853    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False, "return_type": False}
    5854
    5855    @property
    5856    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    5857        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False, 'return_type': False}
return_type: DataType View Source

    5855    @property
    5856    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    5857        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)

key = 'tsordsadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5860class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5861    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'tsordsdiff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func): View Source

    5864class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func):
    5865    pass

key = 'tsordstodatestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToDate(Func): View Source

    5868class TsOrDsToDate(Func):
    5869    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'tsordstodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToTime(Func): View Source

    5872class TsOrDsToTime(Func):
    5873    pass

key = 'tsordstotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func): View Source

    5876class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func):
    5877    pass

key = 'tsordstotimestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDiToDi(Func): View Source

    5880class TsOrDiToDi(Func):
    5881    pass

key = 'tsorditodi'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Unhex(Func): View Source

    5884class Unhex(Func):
    5885    pass

key = 'unhex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixDate(Func): View Source

    5889class UnixDate(Func):
    5890    pass

key = 'unixdate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToStr(Func): View Source

    5893class UnixToStr(Func):
    5894    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False}
key = 'unixtostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToTime(Func): View Source

    5899class UnixToTime(Func):
    5900    arg_types = {
    5901        "this": True,
    5902        "scale": False,
    5903        "zone": False,
    5904        "hours": False,
    5905        "minutes": False,
    5906        "format": False,
    5907    }
    5908
    5909    SECONDS = Literal.number(0)
    5910    DECIS = Literal.number(1)
    5911    CENTIS = Literal.number(2)
    5912    MILLIS = Literal.number(3)
    5913    DECIMILLIS = Literal.number(4)
    5914    CENTIMILLIS = Literal.number(5)
    5915    MICROS = Literal.number(6)
    5916    DECIMICROS = Literal.number(7)
    5917    CENTIMICROS = Literal.number(8)
    5918    NANOS = Literal.number(9)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'scale': False, 'zone': False, 'hours': False, 'minutes': False, 'format': False}
SECONDS = Literal(this=0, is_string=False)
DECIS = Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
CENTIS = Literal(this=2, is_string=False)
MILLIS = Literal(this=3, is_string=False)
DECIMILLIS = Literal(this=4, is_string=False)
CENTIMILLIS = Literal(this=5, is_string=False)
MICROS = Literal(this=6, is_string=False)
DECIMICROS = Literal(this=7, is_string=False)
CENTIMICROS = Literal(this=8, is_string=False)
NANOS = Literal(this=9, is_string=False)
key = 'unixtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToTimeStr(Func): View Source

    5921class UnixToTimeStr(Func):
    5922    pass

key = 'unixtotimestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimestampFromParts(Func): View Source

    5925class TimestampFromParts(Func):
    5926    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS"]
    5927    arg_types = {
    5928        "year": True,
    5929        "month": True,
    5930        "day": True,
    5931        "hour": True,
    5932        "min": True,
    5933        "sec": True,
    5934        "nano": False,
    5935        "zone": False,
    5936        "milli": False,
    5937    }

arg_types = {'year': True, 'month': True, 'day': True, 'hour': True, 'min': True, 'sec': True, 'nano': False, 'zone': False, 'milli': False}
key = 'timestampfromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Upper(Func): View Source

    5940class Upper(Func):
    5941    _sql_names = ["UPPER", "UCASE"]

key = 'upper'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Corr(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    5944class Corr(Binary, AggFunc):
    5945    pass

key = 'corr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
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class Variance(AggFunc): View Source

    5948class Variance(AggFunc):
    5949    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE", "VARIANCE_SAMP", "VAR_SAMP"]

key = 'variance'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  alias
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  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
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  meta
  copy
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  append
  set
  depth
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  find
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  parent_select
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  walk
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  bfs
  unnest
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class VariancePop(AggFunc): View Source

    5952class VariancePop(AggFunc):
    5953    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE_POP", "VAR_POP"]

key = 'variancepop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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Func
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class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    5956class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc):
    5957    pass

key = 'covarsamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  pop
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Func
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  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    5960class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc):
    5961    pass

key = 'covarpop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_negative
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  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  pop
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Binary
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Func
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  sql_name
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class Week(Func): View Source

    5964class Week(Func):
    5965    arg_types = {"this": True, "mode": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'mode': False}
key = 'week'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
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Func
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class XMLTable(Func): View Source

    5968class XMLTable(Func):
    5969    arg_types = {"this": True, "passing": False, "columns": False, "by_ref": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'passing': False, 'columns': False, 'by_ref': False}
key = 'xmltable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
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  pop
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Func
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class Year(Func): View Source

    5972class Year(Func):
    5973    pass

key = 'year'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
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  dump
  load
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Func
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class Use(Expression): View Source

    5976class Use(Expression):
    5977    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'use'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  walk
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class Merge(Expression): View Source

    5980class Merge(Expression):
    5981    arg_types = {
    5982        "this": True,
    5983        "using": True,
    5984        "on": True,
    5985        "expressions": True,
    5986        "with": False,
    5987    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'using': True, 'on': True, 'expressions': True, 'with': False}
key = 'merge'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  same_parent
  root
  walk
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class When(Func): View Source

    5990class When(Func):
    5991    arg_types = {"matched": True, "source": False, "condition": False, "then": True}

arg_types = {'matched': True, 'source': False, 'condition': False, 'then': True}
key = 'when'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
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  copy
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
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  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class NextValueFor(Func): View Source

    5996class NextValueFor(Func):
    5997    arg_types = {"this": True, "order": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'order': False}
key = 'nextvaluefor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  flatten
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Func
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class Semicolon(Expression): View Source

    6002class Semicolon(Expression):
    6003    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'semicolon'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
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  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  sql
  transform
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ALL_FUNCTIONS = [<class 'Abs'>, <class 'AddMonths'>, <class 'AnonymousAggFunc'>, <class 'AnyValue'>, <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, <class 'ApproxQuantile'>, <class 'ApproxTopK'>, <class 'ArgMax'>, <class 'ArgMin'>, <class 'Array'>, <class 'ArrayAgg'>, <class 'ArrayAll'>, <class 'ArrayAny'>, <class 'ArrayConcat'>, <class 'ArrayConstructCompact'>, <class 'ArrayContains'>, <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, <class 'ArrayFilter'>, <class 'ArrayOverlaps'>, <class 'ArraySize'>, <class 'ArraySort'>, <class 'ArraySum'>, <class 'ArrayToString'>, <class 'ArrayUnionAgg'>, <class 'ArrayUniqueAgg'>, <class 'Avg'>, <class 'Case'>, <class 'Cast'>, <class 'CastToStrType'>, <class 'Cbrt'>, <class 'Ceil'>, <class 'Chr'>, <class 'Coalesce'>, <class 'Collate'>, <class 'CombinedAggFunc'>, <class 'CombinedParameterizedAgg'>, <class 'Concat'>, <class 'ConcatWs'>, <class 'ConnectByRoot'>, <class 'Convert'>, <class 'Corr'>, <class 'Count'>, <class 'CountIf'>, <class 'CovarPop'>, <class 'CovarSamp'>, <class 'CurrentDate'>, <class 'CurrentDatetime'>, <class 'CurrentTime'>, <class 'CurrentTimestamp'>, <class 'CurrentUser'>, <class 'Date'>, <class 'DateAdd'>, <class 'DateDiff'>, <class 'DateFromParts'>, <class 'DateStrToDate'>, <class 'DateSub'>, <class 'DateToDateStr'>, <class 'DateToDi'>, <class 'DateTrunc'>, <class 'DatetimeAdd'>, <class 'DatetimeDiff'>, <class 'DatetimeSub'>, <class 'DatetimeTrunc'>, <class 'Day'>, <class 'DayOfMonth'>, <class 'DayOfWeek'>, <class 'DayOfYear'>, <class 'Decode'>, <class 'DiToDate'>, <class 'Encode'>, <class 'Exp'>, <class 'Explode'>, <class 'ExplodeOuter'>, <class 'Extract'>, <class 'First'>, <class 'FirstValue'>, <class 'Flatten'>, <class 'Floor'>, <class 'FromBase'>, <class 'FromBase64'>, <class 'GenerateDateArray'>, <class 'GenerateSeries'>, <class 'Greatest'>, <class 'GroupConcat'>, <class 'Hex'>, <class 'Hll'>, <class 'If'>, <class 'Initcap'>, <class 'IsInf'>, <class 'IsNan'>, <class 'JSONArray'>, <class 'JSONArrayAgg'>, <class 'JSONArrayContains'>, <class 'JSONBExtract'>, <class 'JSONBExtractScalar'>, <class 'JSONExtract'>, <class 'JSONExtractScalar'>, <class 'JSONFormat'>, <class 'JSONObject'>, <class 'JSONObjectAgg'>, <class 'JSONTable'>, <class 'Lag'>, <class 'Last'>, <class 'LastDay'>, <class 'LastValue'>, <class 'Lead'>, <class 'Least'>, <class 'Left'>, <class 'Length'>, <class 'Levenshtein'>, <class 'Ln'>, <class 'Log'>, <class 'LogicalAnd'>, <class 'LogicalOr'>, <class 'Lower'>, <class 'LowerHex'>, <class 'MD5'>, <class 'MD5Digest'>, <class 'Map'>, <class 'MapFromEntries'>, <class 'MatchAgainst'>, <class 'Max'>, <class 'Min'>, <class 'Month'>, <class 'MonthsBetween'>, <class 'NextValueFor'>, <class 'NthValue'>, <class 'Nullif'>, <class 'NumberToStr'>, <class 'Nvl2'>, <class 'OpenJSON'>, <class 'ParameterizedAgg'>, <class 'ParseJSON'>, <class 'PercentileCont'>, <class 'PercentileDisc'>, <class 'Posexplode'>, <class 'PosexplodeOuter'>, <class 'Pow'>, <class 'Predict'>, <class 'Quantile'>, <class 'Quarter'>, <class 'Rand'>, <class 'Randn'>, <class 'RangeN'>, <class 'ReadCSV'>, <class 'Reduce'>, <class 'RegexpExtract'>, <class 'RegexpILike'>, <class 'RegexpLike'>, <class 'RegexpReplace'>, <class 'RegexpSplit'>, <class 'Repeat'>, <class 'Right'>, <class 'Round'>, <class 'RowNumber'>, <class 'SHA'>, <class 'SHA2'>, <class 'SafeDivide'>, <class 'Sign'>, <class 'SortArray'>, <class 'Split'>, <class 'Sqrt'>, <class 'StandardHash'>, <class 'StarMap'>, <class 'StartsWith'>, <class 'Stddev'>, <class 'StddevPop'>, <class 'StddevSamp'>, <class 'StrPosition'>, <class 'StrToDate'>, <class 'StrToMap'>, <class 'StrToTime'>, <class 'StrToUnix'>, <class 'StringToArray'>, <class 'Struct'>, <class 'StructExtract'>, <class 'Stuff'>, <class 'Substring'>, <class 'Sum'>, <class 'TimeAdd'>, <class 'TimeDiff'>, <class 'TimeFromParts'>, <class 'TimeStrToDate'>, <class 'TimeStrToTime'>, <class 'TimeStrToUnix'>, <class 'TimeSub'>, <class 'TimeToStr'>, <class 'TimeToTimeStr'>, <class 'TimeToUnix'>, <class 'TimeTrunc'>, <class 'Timestamp'>, <class 'TimestampAdd'>, <class 'TimestampDiff'>, <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, <class 'TimestampSub'>, <class 'TimestampTrunc'>, <class 'ToArray'>, <class 'ToBase64'>, <class 'ToChar'>, <class 'ToDays'>, <class 'ToMap'>, <class 'ToNumber'>, <class 'Transform'>, <class 'Trim'>, <class 'Try'>, <class 'TryCast'>, <class 'TsOrDiToDi'>, <class 'TsOrDsAdd'>, <class 'TsOrDsDiff'>, <class 'TsOrDsToDate'>, <class 'TsOrDsToDateStr'>, <class 'TsOrDsToTime'>, <class 'TsOrDsToTimestamp'>, <class 'Unhex'>, <class 'UnixDate'>, <class 'UnixToStr'>, <class 'UnixToTime'>, <class 'UnixToTimeStr'>, <class 'Upper'>, <class 'VarMap'>, <class 'Variance'>, <class 'VariancePop'>, <class 'Week'>, <class 'WeekOfYear'>, <class 'When'>, <class 'XMLTable'>, <class 'Xor'>, <class 'Year'>]
FUNCTION_BY_NAME = {'ABS': <class 'Abs'>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <class 'AddMonths'>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <class 'AnonymousAggFunc'>, 'ANY_VALUE': <class 'AnyValue'>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <class 'ApproxQuantile'>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <class 'ApproxTopK'>, 'ARG_MAX': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'ARGMAX': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'MAX_BY': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'ARG_MIN': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'ARGMIN': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'MIN_BY': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'ARRAY': <class 'Array'>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <class 'ArrayAgg'>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <class 'ArrayAll'>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <class 'ArrayAny'>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <class 'ArrayConcat'>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <class 'ArrayConcat'>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <class 'ArrayConstructCompact'>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <class 'ArrayContains'>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <class 'ArrayContains'>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, 'FILTER': <class 'ArrayFilter'>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <class 'ArrayFilter'>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <class 'ArrayOverlaps'>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <class 'ArraySize'>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <class 'ArraySize'>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <class 'ArraySort'>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <class 'ArraySum'>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <class 'ArrayToString'>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <class 'ArrayToString'>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <class 'ArrayUnionAgg'>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <class 'ArrayUniqueAgg'>, 'AVG': <class 'Avg'>, 'CASE': <class 'Case'>, 'CAST': <class 'Cast'>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <class 'CastToStrType'>, 'CBRT': <class 'Cbrt'>, 'CEIL': <class 'Ceil'>, 'CEILING': <class 'Ceil'>, 'CHR': <class 'Chr'>, 'CHAR': <class 'Chr'>, 'COALESCE': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'IFNULL': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'NVL': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'COLLATE': <class 'Collate'>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <class 'CombinedAggFunc'>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <class 'CombinedParameterizedAgg'>, 'CONCAT': <class 'Concat'>, 'CONCAT_WS': <class 'ConcatWs'>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <class 'ConnectByRoot'>, 'CONVERT': <class 'Convert'>, 'CORR': <class 'Corr'>, 'COUNT': <class 'Count'>, 'COUNT_IF': <class 'CountIf'>, 'COUNTIF': <class 'CountIf'>, 'COVAR_POP': <class 'CovarPop'>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <class 'CovarSamp'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <class 'CurrentDate'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <class 'CurrentDatetime'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <class 'CurrentTime'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <class 'CurrentTimestamp'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <class 'CurrentUser'>, 'DATE': <class 'Date'>, 'DATE_ADD': <class 'DateAdd'>, 'DATEDIFF': <class 'DateDiff'>, 'DATE_DIFF': <class 'DateDiff'>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <class 'DateFromParts'>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <class 'DateFromParts'>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <class 'DateStrToDate'>, 'DATE_SUB': <class 'DateSub'>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <class 'DateToDateStr'>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <class 'DateToDi'>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <class 'DateTrunc'>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <class 'DatetimeAdd'>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <class 'DatetimeDiff'>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <class 'DatetimeSub'>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <class 'DatetimeTrunc'>, 'DAY': <class 'Day'>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <class 'DayOfMonth'>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <class 'DayOfMonth'>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <class 'DayOfWeek'>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <class 'DayOfWeek'>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <class 'DayOfYear'>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <class 'DayOfYear'>, 'DECODE': <class 'Decode'>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <class 'DiToDate'>, 'ENCODE': <class 'Encode'>, 'EXP': <class 'Exp'>, 'EXPLODE': <class 'Explode'>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <class 'ExplodeOuter'>, 'EXTRACT': <class 'Extract'>, 'FIRST': <class 'First'>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <class 'FirstValue'>, 'FLATTEN': <class 'Flatten'>, 'FLOOR': <class 'Floor'>, 'FROM_BASE': <class 'FromBase'>, 'FROM_BASE64': <class 'FromBase64'>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <class 'GenerateDateArray'>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <class 'GenerateSeries'>, 'GREATEST': <class 'Greatest'>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <class 'GroupConcat'>, 'HEX': <class 'Hex'>, 'HLL': <class 'Hll'>, 'IF': <class 'If'>, 'IIF': <class 'If'>, 'INITCAP': <class 'Initcap'>, 'IS_INF': <class 'IsInf'>, 'ISINF': <class 'IsInf'>, 'IS_NAN': <class 'IsNan'>, 'ISNAN': <class 'IsNan'>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <class 'JSONArray'>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <class 'JSONArrayAgg'>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <class 'JSONArrayContains'>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <class 'JSONBExtract'>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <class 'JSONBExtractScalar'>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <class 'JSONExtract'>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <class 'JSONExtractScalar'>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <class 'JSONFormat'>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <class 'JSONObject'>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <class 'JSONObjectAgg'>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <class 'JSONTable'>, 'LAG': <class 'Lag'>, 'LAST': <class 'Last'>, 'LAST_DAY': <class 'LastDay'>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <class 'LastDay'>, 'LAST_VALUE': <class 'LastValue'>, 'LEAD': <class 'Lead'>, 'LEAST': <class 'Least'>, 'LEFT': <class 'Left'>, 'LENGTH': <class 'Length'>, 'LEN': <class 'Length'>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <class 'Levenshtein'>, 'LN': <class 'Ln'>, 'LOG': <class 'Log'>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'BOOL_AND': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'BOOL_OR': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'LOWER': <class 'Lower'>, 'LCASE': <class 'Lower'>, 'LOWER_HEX': <class 'LowerHex'>, 'MD5': <class 'MD5'>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <class 'MD5Digest'>, 'MAP': <class 'Map'>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <class 'MapFromEntries'>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <class 'MatchAgainst'>, 'MAX': <class 'Max'>, 'MIN': <class 'Min'>, 'MONTH': <class 'Month'>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <class 'MonthsBetween'>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <class 'NextValueFor'>, 'NTH_VALUE': <class 'NthValue'>, 'NULLIF': <class 'Nullif'>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <class 'NumberToStr'>, 'NVL2': <class 'Nvl2'>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <class 'OpenJSON'>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <class 'ParameterizedAgg'>, 'PARSE_JSON': <class 'ParseJSON'>, 'JSON_PARSE': <class 'ParseJSON'>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <class 'PercentileCont'>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <class 'PercentileDisc'>, 'POSEXPLODE': <class 'Posexplode'>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <class 'PosexplodeOuter'>, 'POWER': <class 'Pow'>, 'POW': <class 'Pow'>, 'PREDICT': <class 'Predict'>, 'QUANTILE': <class 'Quantile'>, 'QUARTER': <class 'Quarter'>, 'RAND': <class 'Rand'>, 'RANDOM': <class 'Rand'>, 'RANDN': <class 'Randn'>, 'RANGE_N': <class 'RangeN'>, 'READ_CSV': <class 'ReadCSV'>, 'REDUCE': <class 'Reduce'>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <class 'RegexpExtract'>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <class 'RegexpILike'>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <class 'RegexpLike'>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <class 'RegexpReplace'>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <class 'RegexpSplit'>, 'REPEAT': <class 'Repeat'>, 'RIGHT': <class 'Right'>, 'ROUND': <class 'Round'>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <class 'RowNumber'>, 'SHA': <class 'SHA'>, 'SHA1': <class 'SHA'>, 'SHA2': <class 'SHA2'>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <class 'SafeDivide'>, 'SIGN': <class 'Sign'>, 'SIGNUM': <class 'Sign'>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <class 'SortArray'>, 'SPLIT': <class 'Split'>, 'SQRT': <class 'Sqrt'>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <class 'StandardHash'>, 'STAR_MAP': <class 'StarMap'>, 'STARTS_WITH': <class 'StartsWith'>, 'STARTSWITH': <class 'StartsWith'>, 'STDDEV': <class 'Stddev'>, 'STDDEV_POP': <class 'StddevPop'>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <class 'StddevSamp'>, 'STR_POSITION': <class 'StrPosition'>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <class 'StrToDate'>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <class 'StrToMap'>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <class 'StrToTime'>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <class 'StrToUnix'>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <class 'StringToArray'>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <class 'StringToArray'>, 'STRUCT': <class 'Struct'>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <class 'StructExtract'>, 'STUFF': <class 'Stuff'>, 'INSERT': <class 'Stuff'>, 'SUBSTRING': <class 'Substring'>, 'SUM': <class 'Sum'>, 'TIME_ADD': <class 'TimeAdd'>, 'TIME_DIFF': <class 'TimeDiff'>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <class 'TimeFromParts'>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <class 'TimeFromParts'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <class 'TimeStrToDate'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <class 'TimeStrToTime'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <class 'TimeStrToUnix'>, 'TIME_SUB': <class 'TimeSub'>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <class 'TimeToStr'>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <class 'TimeToTimeStr'>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <class 'TimeToUnix'>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <class 'TimeTrunc'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <class 'Timestamp'>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <class 'TimestampAdd'>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <class 'TimestampDiff'>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <class 'TimestampDiff'>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <class 'TimestampSub'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <class 'TimestampTrunc'>, 'TO_ARRAY': <class 'ToArray'>, 'TO_BASE64': <class 'ToBase64'>, 'TO_CHAR': <class 'ToChar'>, 'TO_DAYS': <class 'ToDays'>, 'TO_MAP': <class 'ToMap'>, 'TO_NUMBER': <class 'ToNumber'>, 'TRANSFORM': <class 'Transform'>, 'TRIM': <class 'Trim'>, 'TRY': <class 'Try'>, 'TRY_CAST': <class 'TryCast'>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <class 'TsOrDiToDi'>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <class 'TsOrDsAdd'>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <class 'TsOrDsDiff'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <class 'TsOrDsToDate'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <class 'TsOrDsToDateStr'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <class 'TsOrDsToTime'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <class 'TsOrDsToTimestamp'>, 'UNHEX': <class 'Unhex'>, 'UNIX_DATE': <class 'UnixDate'>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <class 'UnixToStr'>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <class 'UnixToTime'>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <class 'UnixToTimeStr'>, 'UPPER': <class 'Upper'>, 'UCASE': <class 'Upper'>, 'VAR_MAP': <class 'VarMap'>, 'VARIANCE': <class 'Variance'>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <class 'Variance'>, 'VAR_SAMP': <class 'Variance'>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <class 'VariancePop'>, 'VAR_POP': <class 'VariancePop'>, 'WEEK': <class 'Week'>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <class 'WeekOfYear'>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <class 'WeekOfYear'>, 'WHEN': <class 'When'>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <class 'XMLTable'>, 'XOR': <class 'Xor'>, 'YEAR': <class 'Year'>}
JSON_PATH_PARTS = [<class 'JSONPathFilter'>, <class 'JSONPathKey'>, <class 'JSONPathRecursive'>, <class 'JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'JSONPathScript'>, <class 'JSONPathSelector'>, <class 'JSONPathSlice'>, <class 'JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'JSONPathUnion'>, <class 'JSONPathWildcard'>]
PERCENTILES = (<class 'PercentileCont'>, <class 'PercentileDisc'>)
def maybe_parse( sql_or_expression: Union[str, Expression], *, into: Union[str, Type[Expression], Collection[Union[str, Type[Expression]]], NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, prefix: Optional[str] = None, copy: bool = False, **opts) -> Expression: View Source

    6043def maybe_parse(
    6044    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6045    *,
    6046    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6047    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6048    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6049    copy: bool = False,
    6050    **opts,
    6051) -> Expression:
    6052    """Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.
    6053
    6054    Example:
    6055        >>> maybe_parse("1")
    6056        Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
    6057        >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
    6058        Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)
    6059
    6060    Args:
    6061        sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
    6062        into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
    6063        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6064            input expression is a SQL string).
    6065        prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed
    6066            (automatically includes a space)
    6067        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6068        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6069            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6070
    6071    Returns:
    6072        Expression: the parsed or given expression.
    6073    """
    6074    if isinstance(sql_or_expression, Expression):
    6075        if copy:
    6076            return sql_or_expression.copy()
    6077        return sql_or_expression
    6078
    6079    if sql_or_expression is None:
    6080        raise ParseError("SQL cannot be None")
    6081
    6082    import sqlglot
    6083
    6084    sql = str(sql_or_expression)
    6085    if prefix:
    6086        sql = f"{prefix} {sql}"
    6087
    6088    return sqlglot.parse_one(sql, read=dialect, into=into, **opts)

Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> maybe_parse("1")
>     Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
>     >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
>     Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)

###### Arguments:

- sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
- into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).
- prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed (automatically includes a space)
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Expression: the parsed or given expression.

def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True): View Source

    6099def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True):
    6100    return instance.copy() if copy and instance else instance

def union( left: Union[str, Expression], right: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Union: View Source

    6314def union(
    6315    left: ExpOrStr,
    6316    right: ExpOrStr,
    6317    distinct: bool = True,
    6318    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6319    copy: bool = True,
    6320    **opts,
    6321) -> Union:
    6322    """
    6323    Initializes a syntax tree from one UNION expression.
    6324
    6325    Example:
    6326        >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6327        'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    6328
    6329    Args:
    6330        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6331            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6332        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6333            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6334        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6335        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6336        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6337        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6338
    6339    Returns:
    6340        The new Union instance.
    6341    """
    6342    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6343    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6344
    6345    return Union(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)

Initializes a syntax tree from one UNION expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Union instance.

def intersect( left: Union[str, Expression], right: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Intersect: View Source

    6348def intersect(
    6349    left: ExpOrStr,
    6350    right: ExpOrStr,
    6351    distinct: bool = True,
    6352    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6353    copy: bool = True,
    6354    **opts,
    6355) -> Intersect:
    6356    """
    6357    Initializes a syntax tree from one INTERSECT expression.
    6358
    6359    Example:
    6360        >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6361        'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    6362
    6363    Args:
    6364        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6365            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6366        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6367            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6368        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6369        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6370        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6371        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6372
    6373    Returns:
    6374        The new Intersect instance.
    6375    """
    6376    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6377    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6378
    6379    return Intersect(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)

Initializes a syntax tree from one INTERSECT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Intersect instance.

def except_( left: Union[str, Expression], right: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Except: View Source

    6382def except_(
    6383    left: ExpOrStr,
    6384    right: ExpOrStr,
    6385    distinct: bool = True,
    6386    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6387    copy: bool = True,
    6388    **opts,
    6389) -> Except:
    6390    """
    6391    Initializes a syntax tree from one EXCEPT expression.
    6392
    6393    Example:
    6394        >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    6395        'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    6396
    6397    Args:
    6398        left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side.
    6399            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6400        right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side.
    6401            If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    6402        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    6403        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6404        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6405        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6406
    6407    Returns:
    6408        The new Except instance.
    6409    """
    6410    left = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=left, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6411    right = maybe_parse(sql_or_expression=right, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6412
    6413    return Except(this=left, expression=right, distinct=distinct)

Initializes a syntax tree from one EXCEPT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- left: the SQL code string corresponding to the left-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- right: the SQL code string corresponding to the right-hand side. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Except instance.

def select( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    6416def select(*expressions: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    6417    """
    6418    Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.
    6419
    6420    Example:
    6421        >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
    6422        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    6423
    6424    Args:
    6425        *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a
    6426            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6427        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6428            input expression is a SQL string).
    6429        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6430            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6431
    6432    Returns:
    6433        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    6434    """
    6435    return Select().select(*expressions, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
>     'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.

def from_( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    6438def from_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    6439    """
    6440    Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.
    6441
    6442    Example:
    6443        >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
    6444        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    6445
    6446    Args:
    6447        *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a
    6448            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6449        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    6450            input expression is a SQL string).
    6451        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6452            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    6453
    6454    Returns:
    6455        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    6456    """
    6457    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
>     'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.

def update( table: str | Table, properties: dict, where: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, from_: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Update: View Source

    6460def update(
    6461    table: str | Table,
    6462    properties: dict,
    6463    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6464    from_: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6465    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6466    **opts,
    6467) -> Update:
    6468    """
    6469    Creates an update statement.
    6470
    6471    Example:
    6472        >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz", where="id > 1").sql()
    6473        "UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz WHERE id > 1"
    6474
    6475    Args:
    6476        *properties: dictionary of properties to set which are
    6477            auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
    6478        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    6479        from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
    6480        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6481        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6482
    6483    Returns:
    6484        Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.
    6485    """
    6486    update_expr = Update(this=maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect))
    6487    update_expr.set(
    6488        "expressions",
    6489        [
    6490            EQ(this=maybe_parse(k, dialect=dialect, **opts), expression=convert(v))
    6491            for k, v in properties.items()
    6492        ],
    6493    )
    6494    if from_:
    6495        update_expr.set(
    6496            "from",
    6497            maybe_parse(from_, into=From, dialect=dialect, prefix="FROM", **opts),
    6498        )
    6499    if isinstance(where, Condition):
    6500        where = Where(this=where)
    6501    if where:
    6502        update_expr.set(
    6503            "where",
    6504            maybe_parse(where, into=Where, dialect=dialect, prefix="WHERE", **opts),
    6505        )
    6506    return update_expr

Creates an update statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz", where="id > 1").sql()
>     "UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz WHERE id > 1"

###### Arguments:

- *properties: dictionary of properties to set which are auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
- where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
- from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.

def delete( table: Union[str, Expression], where: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, returning: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    6509def delete(
    6510    table: ExpOrStr,
    6511    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6512    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6513    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6514    **opts,
    6515) -> Delete:
    6516    """
    6517    Builds a delete statement.
    6518
    6519    Example:
    6520        >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
    6521        'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'
    6522
    6523    Args:
    6524        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    6525        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    6526        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6527        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6528
    6529    Returns:
    6530        Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.
    6531    """
    6532    delete_expr = Delete().delete(table, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6533    if where:
    6534        delete_expr = delete_expr.where(where, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6535    if returning:
    6536        delete_expr = t.cast(
    6537            Delete, delete_expr.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    6538        )
    6539    return delete_expr

Builds a delete statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'

###### Arguments:

- where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
- returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.

def insert( expression: Union[str, Expression], into: Union[str, Expression], columns: Optional[Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None, overwrite: Optional[bool] = None, returning: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Insert: View Source

    6542def insert(
    6543    expression: ExpOrStr,
    6544    into: ExpOrStr,
    6545    columns: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None,
    6546    overwrite: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6547    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    6548    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6549    copy: bool = True,
    6550    **opts,
    6551) -> Insert:
    6552    """
    6553    Builds an INSERT statement.
    6554
    6555    Example:
    6556        >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
    6557        'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'
    6558
    6559    Args:
    6560        expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
    6561        into: the tbl to insert data to.
    6562        columns: optionally the table's column names.
    6563        overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
    6564        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    6565        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    6566        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6567        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6568
    6569    Returns:
    6570        Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.
    6571    """
    6572    expr = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6573    this: Table | Schema = maybe_parse(into, into=Table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6574
    6575    if columns:
    6576        this = Schema(this=this, expressions=[to_identifier(c, copy=copy) for c in columns])
    6577
    6578    insert = Insert(this=this, expression=expr, overwrite=overwrite)
    6579
    6580    if returning:
    6581        insert = t.cast(Insert, insert.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts))
    6582
    6583    return insert

Builds an INSERT statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
>     'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
- into: the tbl to insert data to.
- columns: optionally the table's column names.
- overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
- returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.

def condition( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    6586def condition(
    6587    expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6588) -> Condition:
    6589    """
    6590    Initialize a logical condition expression.
    6591
    6592    Example:
    6593        >>> condition("x=1").sql()
    6594        'x = 1'
    6595
    6596        This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:
    6597        >>> where = condition("x=1")
    6598        >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
    6599        >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
    6600        'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'
    6601
    6602    Args:
    6603        *expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    6604            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6605        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    6606            input expression is a SQL string).
    6607        copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
    6608        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6609            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    6610
    6611    Returns:
    6612        The new Condition instance
    6613    """
    6614    return maybe_parse(
    6615        expression,
    6616        into=Condition,
    6617        dialect=dialect,
    6618        copy=copy,
    6619        **opts,
    6620    )

Initialize a logical condition expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").sql()
>     'x = 1'

> This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:

>     >>> where = condition("x=1")
>     >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).
- copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> The new Condition instance

def and_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    6623def and_(
    6624    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6625) -> Condition:
    6626    """
    6627    Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.
    6628
    6629    Example:
    6630        >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    6631        'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'
    6632
    6633    Args:
    6634        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6635            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6636        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6637        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    6638        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6639
    6640    Returns:
    6641        The new condition
    6642    """
    6643    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, And, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def or_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    6646def or_(
    6647    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6648) -> Condition:
    6649    """
    6650    Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.
    6651
    6652    Example:
    6653        >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    6654        'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'
    6655
    6656    Args:
    6657        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6658            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6659        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6660        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    6661        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6662
    6663    Returns:
    6664        The new condition
    6665    """
    6666    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Or, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def xor( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    6669def xor(
    6670    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    6671) -> Condition:
    6672    """
    6673    Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.
    6674
    6675    Example:
    6676        >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    6677        'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'
    6678
    6679    Args:
    6680        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6681            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6682        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6683        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    6684        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6685
    6686    Returns:
    6687        The new condition
    6688    """
    6689    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Xor, dialect, copy=copy, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def not_( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not: View Source

    6692def not_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not:
    6693    """
    6694    Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.
    6695
    6696    Example:
    6697        >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
    6698        "NOT this_suit = 'black'"
    6699
    6700    Args:
    6701        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    6702            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6703        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6704        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    6705        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6706
    6707    Returns:
    6708        The new condition.
    6709    """
    6710    this = condition(
    6711        expression,
    6712        dialect=dialect,
    6713        copy=copy,
    6714        **opts,
    6715    )
    6716    return Not(this=_wrap(this, Connector))

Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
>     "NOT this_suit = 'black'"

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition.

def paren( expression: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True) -> Paren: View Source

    6719def paren(expression: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True) -> Paren:
    6720    """
    6721    Wrap an expression in parentheses.
    6722
    6723    Example:
    6724        >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
    6725        '(5 + 3)'
    6726
    6727    Args:
    6728        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    6729            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6730        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    6731
    6732    Returns:
    6733        The wrapped expression.
    6734    """
    6735    return Paren(this=maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy))

Wrap an expression in parentheses.

###### Example:

>     >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
>     '(5 + 3)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- copy: whether to copy the expression or not.

###### Returns:

> The wrapped expression.

SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE: Pattern[str] = re.compile('^[_a-zA-Z][\\w]*$')
def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True): View Source

    6751def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True):
    6752    """Builds an identifier.
    6753
    6754    Args:
    6755        name: The name to turn into an identifier.
    6756        quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
    6757        copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.
    6758
    6759    Returns:
    6760        The identifier ast node.
    6761    """
    6762
    6763    if name is None:
    6764        return None
    6765
    6766    if isinstance(name, Identifier):
    6767        identifier = maybe_copy(name, copy)
    6768    elif isinstance(name, str):
    6769        identifier = Identifier(
    6770            this=name,
    6771            quoted=not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(name) if quoted is None else quoted,
    6772        )
    6773    else:
    6774        raise ValueError(f"Name needs to be a string or an Identifier, got: {name.__class__}")
    6775    return identifier

Builds an identifier.

###### Arguments:

- name: The name to turn into an identifier.
- quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
- copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.

###### Returns:

> The identifier ast node.

def parse_identifier( name: str | Identifier, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> Identifier: View Source

    6778def parse_identifier(name: str | Identifier, dialect: DialectType = None) -> Identifier:
    6779    """
    6780    Parses a given string into an identifier.
    6781
    6782    Args:
    6783        name: The name to parse into an identifier.
    6784        dialect: The dialect to parse against.
    6785
    6786    Returns:
    6787        The identifier ast node.
    6788    """
    6789    try:
    6790        expression = maybe_parse(name, dialect=dialect, into=Identifier)
    6791    except ParseError:
    6792        expression = to_identifier(name)
    6793
    6794    return expression

Parses a given string into an identifier.

###### Arguments:

- name: The name to parse into an identifier.
- dialect: The dialect to parse against.

###### Returns:

> The identifier ast node.

INTERVAL_STRING_RE = re.compile('\\s*([0-9]+)\\s*([a-zA-Z]+)\\s*')
def to_interval( interval: str | Literal) -> Interval: View Source

    6800def to_interval(interval: str | Literal) -> Interval:
    6801    """Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'."""
    6802    if isinstance(interval, Literal):
    6803        if not interval.is_string:
    6804            raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    6805
    6806        interval = interval.this
    6807
    6808    interval_parts = INTERVAL_STRING_RE.match(interval)  # type: ignore
    6809
    6810    if not interval_parts:
    6811        raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    6812
    6813    return Interval(
    6814        this=Literal.string(interval_parts.group(1)),
    6815        unit=Var(this=interval_parts.group(2).upper()),
    6816    )

Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'.

def to_table( sql_path: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Table: View Source

    6819def to_table(
    6820    sql_path: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs
    6821) -> Table:
    6822    """
    6823    Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional.
    6824    If a table is passed in then that table is returned.
    6825
    6826    Args:
    6827        sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
    6828        dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
    6829        copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
    6830        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.
    6831
    6832    Returns:
    6833        A table expression.
    6834    """
    6835    if isinstance(sql_path, Table):
    6836        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    6837
    6838    table = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    6839
    6840    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    6841        table.set(k, v)
    6842
    6843    return table

Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional. If a table is passed in then that table is returned.

###### Arguments:

- sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
- dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
- copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
- kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.

###### Returns:

> A table expression.

def to_column( sql_path: str | Column, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Column: View Source

    6846def to_column(
    6847    sql_path: str | Column,
    6848    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6849    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6850    copy: bool = True,
    6851    **kwargs,
    6852) -> Column:
    6853    """
    6854    Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional.
    6855    If a column is passed in then that column is returned.
    6856
    6857    Args:
    6858        sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
    6859        quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
    6860        dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
    6861        copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
    6862        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.
    6863
    6864    Returns:
    6865        A column expression.
    6866    """
    6867    if isinstance(sql_path, Column):
    6868        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    6869
    6870    try:
    6871        col = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Column, dialect=dialect)
    6872    except ParseError:
    6873        return column(*reversed(sql_path.split(".")), quoted=quoted, **kwargs)
    6874
    6875    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    6876        col.set(k, v)
    6877
    6878    if quoted:
    6879        for i in col.find_all(Identifier):
    6880            i.set("quoted", True)
    6881
    6882    return col

Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional. If a column is passed in then that column is returned.

###### Arguments:

- sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
- quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
- dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
- copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
- kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.

###### Returns:

> A column expression.

def alias_( expression: Union[str, Expression], alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType], table: Union[bool, Sequence[str | Identifier]] = False, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts): View Source

    6885def alias_(
    6886    expression: ExpOrStr,
    6887    alias: t.Optional[str | Identifier],
    6888    table: bool | t.Sequence[str | Identifier] = False,
    6889    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6890    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6891    copy: bool = True,
    6892    **opts,
    6893):
    6894    """Create an Alias expression.
    6895
    6896    Example:
    6897        >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
    6898        'foo AS bar'
    6899
    6900        >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
    6901        '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'
    6902
    6903    Args:
    6904        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6905            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6906        alias: the alias name to use. If the name has
    6907            special characters it is quoted.
    6908        table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
    6909        quoted: whether to quote the alias
    6910        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6911        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    6912        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6913
    6914    Returns:
    6915        Alias: the aliased expression
    6916    """
    6917    exp = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6918    alias = to_identifier(alias, quoted=quoted)
    6919
    6920    if table:
    6921        table_alias = TableAlias(this=alias)
    6922        exp.set("alias", table_alias)
    6923
    6924        if not isinstance(table, bool):
    6925            for column in table:
    6926                table_alias.append("columns", to_identifier(column, quoted=quoted))
    6927
    6928        return exp
    6929
    6930    # We don't set the "alias" arg for Window expressions, because that would add an IDENTIFIER node in
    6931    # the AST, representing a "named_window" [1] construct (eg. bigquery). What we want is an ALIAS node
    6932    # for the complete Window expression.
    6933    #
    6934    # [1]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/window-function-calls
    6935
    6936    if "alias" in exp.arg_types and not isinstance(exp, Window):
    6937        exp.set("alias", alias)
    6938        return exp
    6939    return Alias(this=exp, alias=alias)

Create an Alias expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
>     'foo AS bar'

>     >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
>     '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- alias: the alias name to use. If the name has special characters it is quoted.
- table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
- quoted: whether to quote the alias
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: Whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Alias: the aliased expression

def subquery( expression: Union[str, Expression], alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    6942def subquery(
    6943    expression: ExpOrStr,
    6944    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    6945    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6946    **opts,
    6947) -> Select:
    6948    """
    6949    Build a subquery expression that's selected from.
    6950
    6951    Example:
    6952        >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
    6953        'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'
    6954
    6955    Args:
    6956        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    6957            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    6958        alias: the alias name to use.
    6959        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    6960        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    6961
    6962    Returns:
    6963        A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.
    6964    """
    6965
    6966    expression = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts).subquery(alias, **opts)
    6967    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Build a subquery expression that's selected from.

###### Example:

>     >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- alias: the alias name to use.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.

def column( col, table=None, db=None, catalog=None, *, fields=None, quoted=None, copy=True): View Source

    6998def column(
    6999    col,
    7000    table=None,
    7001    db=None,
    7002    catalog=None,
    7003    *,
    7004    fields=None,
    7005    quoted=None,
    7006    copy=True,
    7007):
    7008    """
    7009    Build a Column.
    7010
    7011    Args:
    7012        col: Column name.
    7013        table: Table name.
    7014        db: Database name.
    7015        catalog: Catalog name.
    7016        fields: Additional fields using dots.
    7017        quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
    7018        copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.
    7019
    7020    Returns:
    7021        The new Column instance.
    7022    """
    7023    this = Column(
    7024        this=to_identifier(col, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7025        table=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7026        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7027        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7028    )
    7029
    7030    if fields:
    7031        this = Dot.build(
    7032            (this, *(to_identifier(field, quoted=quoted, copy=copy) for field in fields))
    7033        )
    7034    return this

Build a Column.

###### Arguments:

- col: Column name.
- table: Table name.
- db: Database name.
- catalog: Catalog name.
- fields: Additional fields using dots.
- quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
- copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.

###### Returns:

> The new Column instance.

def cast( expression: Union[str, Expression], to: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type], copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Cast: View Source

    7037def cast(expression: ExpOrStr, to: DATA_TYPE, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Cast:
    7038    """Cast an expression to a data type.
    7039
    7040    Example:
    7041        >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
    7042        'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'
    7043
    7044    Args:
    7045        expression: The expression to cast.
    7046        to: The datatype to cast to.
    7047        copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.
    7048
    7049    Returns:
    7050        The new Cast instance.
    7051    """
    7052    expr = maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, **opts)
    7053    data_type = DataType.build(to, copy=copy, **opts)
    7054
    7055    if expr.is_type(data_type):
    7056        return expr
    7057
    7058    expr = Cast(this=expr, to=data_type)
    7059    expr.type = data_type
    7060
    7061    return expr

Cast an expression to a data type.

###### Example:

>     >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
>     'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression to cast.
- to: The datatype to cast to.
- copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Cast instance.

def table_( table: Identifier | str, db: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, catalog: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None) -> Table: View Source

    7064def table_(
    7065    table: Identifier | str,
    7066    db: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7067    catalog: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7068    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7069    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7070) -> Table:
    7071    """Build a Table.
    7072
    7073    Args:
    7074        table: Table name.
    7075        db: Database name.
    7076        catalog: Catalog name.
    7077        quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
    7078        alias: Table's alias.
    7079
    7080    Returns:
    7081        The new Table instance.
    7082    """
    7083    return Table(
    7084        this=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted) if table else None,
    7085        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted) if db else None,
    7086        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted) if catalog else None,
    7087        alias=TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None,
    7088    )

Build a Table.

###### Arguments:

- table: Table name.
- db: Database name.
- catalog: Catalog name.
- quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
- alias: Table's alias.

###### Returns:

> The new Table instance.

def values( values: Iterable[Tuple[Any, ...]], alias: Optional[str] = None, columns: Union[Iterable[str], Dict[str, DataType], NoneType] = None) -> Values: View Source

    7091def values(
    7092    values: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]],
    7093    alias: t.Optional[str] = None,
    7094    columns: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str] | t.Dict[str, DataType]] = None,
    7095) -> Values:
    7096    """Build VALUES statement.
    7097
    7098    Example:
    7099        >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
    7100        "VALUES (1, '2')"
    7101
    7102    Args:
    7103        values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
    7104        alias: optional alias
    7105        columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types.
    7106         If either are provided then an alias is also required.
    7107
    7108    Returns:
    7109        Values: the Values expression object
    7110    """
    7111    if columns and not alias:
    7112        raise ValueError("Alias is required when providing columns")
    7113
    7114    return Values(
    7115        expressions=[convert(tup) for tup in values],
    7116        alias=(
    7117            TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias), columns=[to_identifier(x) for x in columns])
    7118            if columns
    7119            else (TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None)
    7120        ),
    7121    )

Build VALUES statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
>     "VALUES (1, '2')"

###### Arguments:

- values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
- alias: optional alias
- columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types. If either are provided then an alias is also required.

###### Returns:

> Values: the Values expression object

def var( name: Union[str, Expression, NoneType]) -> Var: View Source

    7124def var(name: t.Optional[ExpOrStr]) -> Var:
    7125    """Build a SQL variable.
    7126
    7127    Example:
    7128        >>> repr(var('x'))
    7129        'Var(this=x)'
    7130
    7131        >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
    7132        'Var(this=x)'
    7133
    7134    Args:
    7135        name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.
    7136
    7137    Returns:
    7138        The new variable node.
    7139    """
    7140    if not name:
    7141        raise ValueError("Cannot convert empty name into var.")
    7142
    7143    if isinstance(name, Expression):
    7144        name = name.name
    7145    return Var(this=name)

Build a SQL variable.

###### Example:

>     >>> repr(var('x'))
>     'Var(this=x)'

>     >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
>     'Var(this=x)'

###### Arguments:

- name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.

###### Returns:

> The new variable node.

def rename_table( old_name: str | Table, new_name: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> AlterTable: View Source

    7148def rename_table(
    7149    old_name: str | Table,
    7150    new_name: str | Table,
    7151    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7152) -> AlterTable:
    7153    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression
    7154
    7155    Args:
    7156        old_name: The old name of the table
    7157        new_name: The new name of the table
    7158        dialect: The dialect to parse the table.
    7159
    7160    Returns:
    7161        Alter table expression
    7162    """
    7163    old_table = to_table(old_name, dialect=dialect)
    7164    new_table = to_table(new_name, dialect=dialect)
    7165    return AlterTable(
    7166        this=old_table,
    7167        actions=[
    7168            RenameTable(this=new_table),
    7169        ],
    7170    )

Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression

###### Arguments:

- old_name: The old name of the table
- new_name: The new name of the table
- dialect: The dialect to parse the table.

###### Returns:

> Alter table expression

def rename_column( table_name: str | Table, old_column_name: str | Column, new_column_name: str | Column, exists: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> AlterTable: View Source

    7173def rename_column(
    7174    table_name: str | Table,
    7175    old_column_name: str | Column,
    7176    new_column_name: str | Column,
    7177    exists: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7178    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7179) -> AlterTable:
    7180    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression
    7181
    7182    Args:
    7183        table_name: Name of the table
    7184        old_column: The old name of the column
    7185        new_column: The new name of the column
    7186        exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
    7187        dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.
    7188
    7189    Returns:
    7190        Alter table expression
    7191    """
    7192    table = to_table(table_name, dialect=dialect)
    7193    old_column = to_column(old_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    7194    new_column = to_column(new_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    7195    return AlterTable(
    7196        this=table,
    7197        actions=[
    7198            RenameColumn(this=old_column, to=new_column, exists=exists),
    7199        ],
    7200    )

Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression

###### Arguments:

- table_name: Name of the table
- old_column: The old name of the column
- new_column: The new name of the column
- exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
- dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.

###### Returns:

> Alter table expression

def convert(value: Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression: View Source

    7203def convert(value: t.Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression:
    7204    """Convert a python value into an expression object.
    7205
    7206    Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.
    7207
    7208    Args:
    7209        value: A python object.
    7210        copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).
    7211
    7212    Returns:
    7213        The equivalent expression object.
    7214    """
    7215    if isinstance(value, Expression):
    7216        return maybe_copy(value, copy)
    7217    if isinstance(value, str):
    7218        return Literal.string(value)
    7219    if isinstance(value, bool):
    7220        return Boolean(this=value)
    7221    if value is None or (isinstance(value, float) and math.isnan(value)):
    7222        return null()
    7223    if isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
    7224        return Literal.number(value)
    7225    if isinstance(value, bytes):
    7226        return HexString(this=value.hex())
    7227    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
    7228        datetime_literal = Literal.string(
    7229            (value if value.tzinfo else value.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)).isoformat(
    7230                sep=" "
    7231            )
    7232        )
    7233        return TimeStrToTime(this=datetime_literal)
    7234    if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
    7235        date_literal = Literal.string(value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    7236        return DateStrToDate(this=date_literal)
    7237    if isinstance(value, tuple):
    7238        if hasattr(value, "_fields"):
    7239            return Struct(
    7240                expressions=[
    7241                    PropertyEQ(
    7242                        this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(getattr(value, k), copy=copy)
    7243                    )
    7244                    for k in value._fields
    7245                ]
    7246            )
    7247        return Tuple(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    7248    if isinstance(value, list):
    7249        return Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    7250    if isinstance(value, dict):
    7251        return Map(
    7252            keys=Array(expressions=[convert(k, copy=copy) for k in value]),
    7253            values=Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value.values()]),
    7254        )
    7255    if hasattr(value, "__dict__"):
    7256        return Struct(
    7257            expressions=[
    7258                PropertyEQ(this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(v, copy=copy))
    7259                for k, v in value.__dict__.items()
    7260            ]
    7261        )
    7262    raise ValueError(f"Cannot convert {value}")

Convert a python value into an expression object.

Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.

###### Arguments:

- value: A python object.
- copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).

###### Returns:

> The equivalent expression object.

def replace_children( expression: Expression, fun: Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None: View Source

    7265def replace_children(expression: Expression, fun: t.Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
    7266    """
    7267    Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.
    7268    """
    7269    for k, v in tuple(expression.args.items()):
    7270        is_list_arg = type(v) is list
    7271
    7272        child_nodes = v if is_list_arg else [v]
    7273        new_child_nodes = []
    7274
    7275        for cn in child_nodes:
    7276            if isinstance(cn, Expression):
    7277                for child_node in ensure_collection(fun(cn, *args, **kwargs)):
    7278                    new_child_nodes.append(child_node)
    7279            else:
    7280                new_child_nodes.append(cn)
    7281
    7282        expression.set(k, new_child_nodes if is_list_arg else seq_get(new_child_nodes, 0))

Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.

def replace_tree( expression: Expression, fun: Callable, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Expression: View Source

    7285def replace_tree(
    7286    expression: Expression,
    7287    fun: t.Callable,
    7288    prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None,
    7289) -> Expression:
    7290    """
    7291    Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.
    7292
    7293    This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first.
    7294    If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.
    7295    """
    7296    stack = list(expression.dfs(prune=prune))
    7297
    7298    while stack:
    7299        node = stack.pop()
    7300        new_node = fun(node)
    7301
    7302        if new_node is not node:
    7303            node.replace(new_node)
    7304
    7305            if isinstance(new_node, Expression):
    7306                stack.append(new_node)
    7307
    7308    return new_node

Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.

This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first. If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.

def column_table_names( expression: Expression, exclude: str = '') -> Set[str]: View Source

    7311def column_table_names(expression: Expression, exclude: str = "") -> t.Set[str]:
    7312    """
    7313    Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.
    7314
    7315    Example:
    7316        >>> import sqlglot
    7317        >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
    7318        ['a', 'c']
    7319
    7320    Args:
    7321        expression: expression to find table names.
    7322        exclude: a table name to exclude
    7323
    7324    Returns:
    7325        A list of unique names.
    7326    """
    7327    return {
    7328        table
    7329        for table in (column.table for column in expression.find_all(Column))
    7330        if table and table != exclude
    7331    }

Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
>     ['a', 'c']

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression to find table names.
- exclude: a table name to exclude

###### Returns:

> A list of unique names.

def table_name( table: Table | str, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, identify: bool = False) -> str: View Source

    7334def table_name(table: Table | str, dialect: DialectType = None, identify: bool = False) -> str:
    7335    """Get the full name of a table as a string.
    7336
    7337    Args:
    7338        table: Table expression node or string.
    7339        dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
    7340        identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are:
    7341            False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect.
    7342            True: Always quote.
    7343
    7344    Examples:
    7345        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7346        >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
    7347        'a.b.c'
    7348
    7349    Returns:
    7350        The table name.
    7351    """
    7352
    7353    table = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    7354
    7355    if not table:
    7356        raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse {table}")
    7357
    7358    return ".".join(
    7359        (
    7360            part.sql(dialect=dialect, identify=True, copy=False)
    7361            if identify or not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(part.name)
    7362            else part.name
    7363        )
    7364        for part in table.parts
    7365    )

Get the full name of a table as a string.

###### Arguments:

- table: Table expression node or string.
- dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True: Always quote.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
>     'a.b.c'

###### Returns:

> The table name.

def normalize_table_name( table: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    7368def normalize_table_name(table: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> str:
    7369    """Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.
    7370
    7371    Args:
    7372        table: the table to normalize
    7373        dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
    7374        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7375
    7376    Examples:
    7377        >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
    7378        'A-B.c'
    7379    """
    7380    from sqlglot.optimizer.normalize_identifiers import normalize_identifiers
    7381
    7382    return ".".join(
    7383        p.name
    7384        for p in normalize_identifiers(
    7385            to_table(table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy), dialect=dialect
    7386        ).parts
    7387    )

Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.

###### Arguments:

- table: the table to normalize
- dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
- copy: whether to copy the expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
>     'A-B.c'

def replace_tables( expression: ~E, mapping: Dict[str, str], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    7390def replace_tables(
    7391    expression: E, mapping: t.Dict[str, str], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True
    7392) -> E:
    7393    """Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.
    7394
    7395    Args:
    7396        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    7397        mapping: mapping of table names.
    7398        dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
    7399        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7400
    7401    Examples:
    7402        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7403        >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
    7404        'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'
    7405
    7406    Returns:
    7407        The mapped expression.
    7408    """
    7409
    7410    mapping = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in mapping.items()}
    7411
    7412    def _replace_tables(node: Expression) -> Expression:
    7413        if isinstance(node, Table):
    7414            original = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    7415            new_name = mapping.get(original)
    7416
    7417            if new_name:
    7418                table = to_table(
    7419                    new_name,
    7420                    **{k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if k not in TABLE_PARTS},
    7421                    dialect=dialect,
    7422                )
    7423                table.add_comments([original])
    7424                return table
    7425        return node
    7426
    7427    return expression.transform(_replace_tables, copy=copy)  # type: ignore

Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
- mapping: mapping of table names.
- dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
- copy: whether to copy the expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'

###### Returns:

> The mapped expression.

def replace_placeholders( expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression: View Source

    7430def replace_placeholders(expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    7431    """Replace placeholders in an expression.
    7432
    7433    Args:
    7434        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    7435        args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
    7436        kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.
    7437
    7438    Examples:
    7439        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    7440        >>> replace_placeholders(
    7441        ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
    7442        ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
    7443        ... ).sql()
    7444        "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"
    7445
    7446    Returns:
    7447        The mapped expression.
    7448    """
    7449
    7450    def _replace_placeholders(node: Expression, args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    7451        if isinstance(node, Placeholder):
    7452            if node.this:
    7453                new_name = kwargs.get(node.this)
    7454                if new_name is not None:
    7455                    return convert(new_name)
    7456            else:
    7457                try:
    7458                    return convert(next(args))
    7459                except StopIteration:
    7460                    pass
    7461        return node
    7462
    7463    return expression.transform(_replace_placeholders, iter(args), **kwargs)

Replace placeholders in an expression.

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
- args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
- kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> replace_placeholders(
>     ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
>     ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
>     ... ).sql()
>     "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"

###### Returns:

> The mapped expression.

def expand( expression: Expression, sources: Dict[str, Query], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Expression: View Source

    7466def expand(
    7467    expression: Expression,
    7468    sources: t.Dict[str, Query],
    7469    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7470    copy: bool = True,
    7471) -> Expression:
    7472    """Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.
    7473
    7474    Examples:
    7475        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    7476        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
    7477        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'
    7478
    7479        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
    7480        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'
    7481
    7482    Args:
    7483        expression: The expression to expand.
    7484        sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
    7485        dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
    7486        copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.
    7487
    7488    Returns:
    7489        The transformed expression.
    7490    """
    7491    sources = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in sources.items()}
    7492
    7493    def _expand(node: Expression):
    7494        if isinstance(node, Table):
    7495            name = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    7496            source = sources.get(name)
    7497            if source:
    7498                subquery = source.subquery(node.alias or name)
    7499                subquery.comments = [f"source: {name}"]
    7500                return subquery.transform(_expand, copy=False)
    7501        return node
    7502
    7503    return expression.transform(_expand, copy=copy)

Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'

>     >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression to expand.
- sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
- dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
- copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.

###### Returns:

> The transformed expression.

def func( name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Func: View Source

    7506def func(name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs) -> Func:
    7507    """
    7508    Returns a Func expression.
    7509
    7510    Examples:
    7511        >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
    7512        'ABS(5)'
    7513
    7514        >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
    7515        'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'
    7516
    7517    Args:
    7518        name: the name of the function to build.
    7519        args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7520        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    7521        dialect: the source dialect.
    7522        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7523
    7524    Note:
    7525        The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.
    7526
    7527    Returns:
    7528        An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't
    7529        correspond to an existing `sqlglot.expressions.Func` class.
    7530    """
    7531    if args and kwargs:
    7532        raise ValueError("Can't use both args and kwargs to instantiate a function.")
    7533
    7534    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    7535
    7536    dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    7537
    7538    converted: t.List[Expression] = [maybe_parse(arg, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for arg in args]
    7539    kwargs = {key: maybe_parse(value, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for key, value in kwargs.items()}
    7540
    7541    constructor = dialect.parser_class.FUNCTIONS.get(name.upper())
    7542    if constructor:
    7543        if converted:
    7544            if "dialect" in constructor.__code__.co_varnames:
    7545                function = constructor(converted, dialect=dialect)
    7546            else:
    7547                function = constructor(converted)
    7548        elif constructor.__name__ == "from_arg_list":
    7549            function = constructor.__self__(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
    7550        else:
    7551            constructor = FUNCTION_BY_NAME.get(name.upper())
    7552            if constructor:
    7553                function = constructor(**kwargs)
    7554            else:
    7555                raise ValueError(
    7556                    f"Unable to convert '{name}' into a Func. Either manually construct "
    7557                    "the Func expression of interest or parse the function call."
    7558                )
    7559    else:
    7560        kwargs = kwargs or {"expressions": converted}
    7561        function = Anonymous(this=name, **kwargs)
    7562
    7563    for error_message in function.error_messages(converted):
    7564        raise ValueError(error_message)
    7565
    7566    return function

Returns a Func expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
>     'ABS(5)'

>     >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
>     'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'

###### Arguments:

- name: the name of the function to build.
- args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Note:

> The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.

###### Returns:

> An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't correspond to an existing `Func` class.

def case( expression: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    7569def case(
    7570    expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7571    **opts,
    7572) -> Case:
    7573    """
    7574    Initialize a CASE statement.
    7575
    7576    Example:
    7577        case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")
    7578
    7579    Args:
    7580        expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
    7581        **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`
    7582    """
    7583    if expression is not None:
    7584        this = maybe_parse(expression, **opts)
    7585    else:
    7586        this = None
    7587    return Case(this=this, ifs=[])

Initialize a CASE statement.

###### Example:

> case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")

###### Arguments:

- expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
- **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`

def array( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Array: View Source

    7590def array(
    7591    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    7592) -> Array:
    7593    """
    7594    Returns an array.
    7595
    7596    Examples:
    7597        >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
    7598        'ARRAY(1, x)'
    7599
    7600    Args:
    7601        expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
    7602        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    7603        dialect: the source dialect.
    7604        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7605
    7606    Returns:
    7607        An array expression.
    7608    """
    7609    return Array(
    7610        expressions=[
    7611            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    7612            for expression in expressions
    7613        ]
    7614    )

Returns an array.

###### Examples:

>     >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
>     'ARRAY(1, x)'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Returns:

> An array expression.

def tuple_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Tuple: View Source

    7617def tuple_(
    7618    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    7619) -> Tuple:
    7620    """
    7621    Returns an tuple.
    7622
    7623    Examples:
    7624        >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
    7625        '(1, x)'
    7626
    7627    Args:
    7628        expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
    7629        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    7630        dialect: the source dialect.
    7631        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    7632
    7633    Returns:
    7634        A tuple expression.
    7635    """
    7636    return Tuple(
    7637        expressions=[
    7638            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    7639            for expression in expressions
    7640        ]
    7641    )

Returns an tuple.

###### Examples:

>     >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
>     '(1, x)'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Returns:

> A tuple expression.

def true() -> Boolean: View Source

    7644def true() -> Boolean:
    7645    """
    7646    Returns a true Boolean expression.
    7647    """
    7648    return Boolean(this=True)

Returns a true Boolean expression.

def false() -> Boolean: View Source

    7651def false() -> Boolean:
    7652    """
    7653    Returns a false Boolean expression.
    7654    """
    7655    return Boolean(this=False)

Returns a false Boolean expression.

def null() -> Null: View Source

    7658def null() -> Null:
    7659    """
    7660    Returns a Null expression.
    7661    """
    7662    return Null()

Returns a Null expression.

NONNULL_CONSTANTS = (<class 'Literal'>, <class 'Boolean'>)
CONSTANTS = (<class 'Literal'>, <class 'Boolean'>, <class 'Null'>)