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# sqlglot.dialects.oracle

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    build_formatted_time,
     10    no_ilike_sql,
     11    rename_func,
     12    to_number_with_nls_param,
     13    trim_sql,
     14)
     15from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     16from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     17
     18if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     19    from sqlglot._typing import E
     20
     21
     22def _build_timetostr_or_tochar(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr | exp.ToChar:
     23    this = seq_get(args, 0)
     24
     25    if this and not this.type:
     26        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     27
     28        annotate_types(this)
     29        if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES):
     30            return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "oracle", default=True)(args)
     31
     32    return exp.ToChar.from_arg_list(args)
     33
     34
     35class Oracle(Dialect):
     36    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
     37    LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
     38    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     39
     40    # See section 8: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A97630_01/server.920/a96540/sql_elements9a.htm
     41    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     42
     43    # https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/sql_elements004.htm#SQLRF00212
     44    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes
     45    TIME_MAPPING = {
     46        "AM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     47        "A.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     48        "PM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     49        "P.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     50        "D": "%u",  # Day of week (1-7)
     51        "DAY": "%A",  # name of day
     52        "DD": "%d",  # day of month (1-31)
     53        "DDD": "%j",  # day of year (1-366)
     54        "DY": "%a",  # abbreviated name of day
     55        "HH": "%I",  # Hour of day (1-12)
     56        "HH12": "%I",  # alias for HH
     57        "HH24": "%H",  # Hour of day (0-23)
     58        "IW": "%V",  # Calendar week of year (1-52 or 1-53), as defined by the ISO 8601 standard
     59        "MI": "%M",  # Minute (0-59)
     60        "MM": "%m",  # Month (01-12; January = 01)
     61        "MON": "%b",  # Abbreviated name of month
     62        "MONTH": "%B",  # Name of month
     63        "SS": "%S",  # Second (0-59)
     64        "WW": "%W",  # Week of year (1-53)
     65        "YY": "%y",  # 15
     66        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
     67        "FF6": "%f",  # only 6 digits are supported in python formats
     68    }
     69
     70    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     71        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
     72
     73        KEYWORDS = {
     74            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     75            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
     76            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     77            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
     78            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
     79            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     80            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     81            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
     82            "ORDER SIBLINGS BY": TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY,
     83            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     84            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
     85            "SYSDATE": TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     86            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     87            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     88        }
     89
     90    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     91        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
     92        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
     93        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
     94
     95        FUNCTIONS = {
     96            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     97            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     98            "TO_CHAR": _build_timetostr_or_tochar,
     99            "TO_TIMESTAMP": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "oracle"),
    100            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "oracle"),
    101        }
    102
    103        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
    104            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    105            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    106                exp.JSONArray,
    107                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
    108            ),
    109            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    110                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    111                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
    112                order=self._parse_order(),
    113            ),
    114            "XMLTABLE": lambda self: self._parse_xml_table(),
    115        }
    116
    117        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    118            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    119            "CONNECT_BY_ROOT": lambda self: self.expression(
    120                exp.ConnectByRoot, this=self._parse_column()
    121            ),
    122        }
    123
    124        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    125            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    126            "GLOBAL": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    127            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="GLOBAL"),
    128            "PRIVATE": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    129            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="PRIVATE"),
    130        }
    131
    132        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    133            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    134            TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: lambda self: ("order", self._parse_order()),
    135        }
    136
    137        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
    138            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
    139                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
    140            )
    141        }
    142
    143        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
    144        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
    145        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
    146
    147        def _parse_xml_table(self) -> exp.XMLTable:
    148            this = self._parse_string()
    149
    150            passing = None
    151            columns = None
    152
    153            if self._match_text_seq("PASSING"):
    154                # The BY VALUE keywords are optional and are provided for semantic clarity
    155                self._match_text_seq("BY", "VALUE")
    156                passing = self._parse_csv(self._parse_column)
    157
    158            by_ref = self._match_text_seq("RETURNING", "SEQUENCE", "BY", "REF")
    159
    160            if self._match_text_seq("COLUMNS"):
    161                columns = self._parse_csv(self._parse_field_def)
    162
    163            return self.expression(
    164                exp.XMLTable, this=this, passing=passing, columns=columns, by_ref=by_ref
    165            )
    166
    167        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
    168            return self.expression(
    169                expr_type,
    170                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
    171                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
    172                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
    173                **kwargs,
    174            )
    175
    176        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    177            column = super()._parse_column()
    178            if column:
    179                column.set("join_mark", self._match(TokenType.JOIN_MARKER))
    180            return column
    181
    182        def _parse_hint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Hint]:
    183            if self._match(TokenType.HINT):
    184                start = self._curr
    185                while self._curr and not self._match_pair(TokenType.STAR, TokenType.SLASH):
    186                    self._advance()
    187
    188                if not self._curr:
    189                    self.raise_error("Expected */ after HINT")
    190
    191                end = self._tokens[self._index - 3]
    192                return exp.Hint(expressions=[self._find_sql(start, end)])
    193
    194            return None
    195
    196    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    197        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    198        JOIN_HINTS = False
    199        TABLE_HINTS = False
    200        COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED = True
    201        DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED = True
    202        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
    203        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
    204        TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = "SAMPLE"
    205        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    206        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    207        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    208
    209        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    210            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    211            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
    212            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
    213            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
    214            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
    215            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
    216            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    217            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
    218            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
    219            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
    220            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
    221            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    222            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    223            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
    224            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
    225            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BLOB",
    226        }
    227
    228        TRANSFORMS = {
    229            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    230            exp.ConnectByRoot: lambda self, e: f"CONNECT_BY_ROOT {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    231            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    232                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
    233            ),
    234            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    235            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    236            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    237                [
    238                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    239                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    240                ]
    241            ),
    242            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    243            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    244            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
    245            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
    246            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
    247            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e, sep=" "),
    248            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda _, e: f"{e.name or 'GLOBAL'} TEMPORARY",
    249            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    250            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    251            exp.ToNumber: to_number_with_nls_param,
    252            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
    253            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self,
    254            e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
    255        }
    256
    257        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    258            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    259            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    260        }
    261
    262        def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentTimestamp) -> str:
    263            this = expression.this
    264            return self.func("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", this) if this else "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
    265
    266        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
    267            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
    268
    269        def xmltable_sql(self, expression: exp.XMLTable) -> str:
    270            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    271            passing = self.expressions(expression, key="passing")
    272            passing = f"{self.sep()}PASSING{self.seg(passing)}" if passing else ""
    273            columns = self.expressions(expression, key="columns")
    274            columns = f"{self.sep()}COLUMNS{self.seg(columns)}" if columns else ""
    275            by_ref = (
    276                f"{self.sep()}RETURNING SEQUENCE BY REF" if expression.args.get("by_ref") else ""
    277            )
    278            return f"XMLTABLE({self.sep('')}{self.indent(this + passing + by_ref + columns)}{self.seg(')', sep='')}"
    279
    280        def add_column_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterTable) -> str:
    281            actions = self.expressions(expression, key="actions", flat=True)
    282            if len(expression.args.get("actions", [])) > 1:
    283                return f"ADD ({actions})"
    284            return f"ADD {actions}"

class Oracle(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     36class Oracle(Dialect):
     37    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
     38    LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
     39    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     40
     41    # See section 8: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A97630_01/server.920/a96540/sql_elements9a.htm
     42    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     43
     44    # https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/sql_elements004.htm#SQLRF00212
     45    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes
     46    TIME_MAPPING = {
     47        "AM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     48        "A.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     49        "PM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     50        "P.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     51        "D": "%u",  # Day of week (1-7)
     52        "DAY": "%A",  # name of day
     53        "DD": "%d",  # day of month (1-31)
     54        "DDD": "%j",  # day of year (1-366)
     55        "DY": "%a",  # abbreviated name of day
     56        "HH": "%I",  # Hour of day (1-12)
     57        "HH12": "%I",  # alias for HH
     58        "HH24": "%H",  # Hour of day (0-23)
     59        "IW": "%V",  # Calendar week of year (1-52 or 1-53), as defined by the ISO 8601 standard
     60        "MI": "%M",  # Minute (0-59)
     61        "MM": "%m",  # Month (01-12; January = 01)
     62        "MON": "%b",  # Abbreviated name of month
     63        "MONTH": "%B",  # Name of month
     64        "SS": "%S",  # Second (0-59)
     65        "WW": "%W",  # Week of year (1-53)
     66        "YY": "%y",  # 15
     67        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
     68        "FF6": "%f",  # only 6 digits are supported in python formats
     69    }
     70
     71    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     72        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
     73
     74        KEYWORDS = {
     75            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     76            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
     77            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     78            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
     79            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
     80            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     81            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     82            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
     83            "ORDER SIBLINGS BY": TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY,
     84            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     85            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
     86            "SYSDATE": TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     87            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     88            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     89        }
     90
     91    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     92        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
     93        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
     94        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
     95
     96        FUNCTIONS = {
     97            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     98            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     99            "TO_CHAR": _build_timetostr_or_tochar,
    100            "TO_TIMESTAMP": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "oracle"),
    101            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "oracle"),
    102        }
    103
    104        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
    105            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    106            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    107                exp.JSONArray,
    108                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
    109            ),
    110            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    111                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    112                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
    113                order=self._parse_order(),
    114            ),
    115            "XMLTABLE": lambda self: self._parse_xml_table(),
    116        }
    117
    118        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    119            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    120            "CONNECT_BY_ROOT": lambda self: self.expression(
    121                exp.ConnectByRoot, this=self._parse_column()
    122            ),
    123        }
    124
    125        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    126            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    127            "GLOBAL": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    128            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="GLOBAL"),
    129            "PRIVATE": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    130            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="PRIVATE"),
    131        }
    132
    133        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    134            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    135            TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: lambda self: ("order", self._parse_order()),
    136        }
    137
    138        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
    139            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
    140                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
    141            )
    142        }
    143
    144        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
    145        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
    146        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
    147
    148        def _parse_xml_table(self) -> exp.XMLTable:
    149            this = self._parse_string()
    150
    151            passing = None
    152            columns = None
    153
    154            if self._match_text_seq("PASSING"):
    155                # The BY VALUE keywords are optional and are provided for semantic clarity
    156                self._match_text_seq("BY", "VALUE")
    157                passing = self._parse_csv(self._parse_column)
    158
    159            by_ref = self._match_text_seq("RETURNING", "SEQUENCE", "BY", "REF")
    160
    161            if self._match_text_seq("COLUMNS"):
    162                columns = self._parse_csv(self._parse_field_def)
    163
    164            return self.expression(
    165                exp.XMLTable, this=this, passing=passing, columns=columns, by_ref=by_ref
    166            )
    167
    168        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
    169            return self.expression(
    170                expr_type,
    171                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
    172                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
    173                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
    174                **kwargs,
    175            )
    176
    177        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    178            column = super()._parse_column()
    179            if column:
    180                column.set("join_mark", self._match(TokenType.JOIN_MARKER))
    181            return column
    182
    183        def _parse_hint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Hint]:
    184            if self._match(TokenType.HINT):
    185                start = self._curr
    186                while self._curr and not self._match_pair(TokenType.STAR, TokenType.SLASH):
    187                    self._advance()
    188
    189                if not self._curr:
    190                    self.raise_error("Expected */ after HINT")
    191
    192                end = self._tokens[self._index - 3]
    193                return exp.Hint(expressions=[self._find_sql(start, end)])
    194
    195            return None
    196
    197    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    198        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    199        JOIN_HINTS = False
    200        TABLE_HINTS = False
    201        COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED = True
    202        DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED = True
    203        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
    204        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
    205        TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = "SAMPLE"
    206        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    207        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    208        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    209
    210        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    211            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    212            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
    213            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
    214            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
    215            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
    216            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
    217            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    218            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
    219            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
    220            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
    221            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
    222            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    223            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    224            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
    225            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
    226            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BLOB",
    227        }
    228
    229        TRANSFORMS = {
    230            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    231            exp.ConnectByRoot: lambda self, e: f"CONNECT_BY_ROOT {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    232            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    233                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
    234            ),
    235            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    236            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    237            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    238                [
    239                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    240                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    241                ]
    242            ),
    243            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    244            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    245            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
    246            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
    247            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
    248            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e, sep=" "),
    249            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda _, e: f"{e.name or 'GLOBAL'} TEMPORARY",
    250            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    251            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    252            exp.ToNumber: to_number_with_nls_param,
    253            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
    254            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self,
    255            e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
    256        }
    257
    258        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    259            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    260            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    261        }
    262
    263        def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentTimestamp) -> str:
    264            this = expression.this
    265            return self.func("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", this) if this else "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
    266
    267        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
    268            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
    269
    270        def xmltable_sql(self, expression: exp.XMLTable) -> str:
    271            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    272            passing = self.expressions(expression, key="passing")
    273            passing = f"{self.sep()}PASSING{self.seg(passing)}" if passing else ""
    274            columns = self.expressions(expression, key="columns")
    275            columns = f"{self.sep()}COLUMNS{self.seg(columns)}" if columns else ""
    276            by_ref = (
    277                f"{self.sep()}RETURNING SEQUENCE BY REF" if expression.args.get("by_ref") else ""
    278            )
    279            return f"XMLTABLE({self.sep('')}{self.indent(this + passing + by_ref + columns)}{self.seg(')', sep='')}"
    280
    281        def add_column_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterTable) -> str:
    282            actions = self.expressions(expression, key="actions", flat=True)
    283            if len(expression.args.get("actions", [])) > 1:
    284                return f"ADD ({actions})"
    285            return f"ADD {actions}"

ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True

Whether the table alias comes after tablesample.

LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'AM': '%p', 'A.M.': '%p', 'PM': '%p', 'P.M.': '%p', 'D': '%u', 'DAY': '%A', 'DD': '%d', 'DDD': '%j', 'DY': '%a', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'IW': '%V', 'MI': '%M', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'SS': '%S', 'WW': '%W', 'YY': '%y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'FF6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Oracle.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Oracle.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Oracle.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'A': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'A': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%p': 'P.M.', '%u': 'D', '%A': 'DAY', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%a': 'DY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%V': 'IW', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%S': 'SS', '%W': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%f': 'FF6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'p': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'V': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  NULL_ORDERING
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Oracle.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    71    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    72        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
    73
    74        KEYWORDS = {
    75            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    76            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
    77            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    78            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
    79            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
    80            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    81            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    82            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
    83            "ORDER SIBLINGS BY": TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY,
    84            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    85            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    86            "SYSDATE": TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    87            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    88            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    89        }

VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'@', '#', '$'}
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, '(+)': <TokenType.JOIN_MARKER: 'JOIN_MARKER'>, 'BINARY_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'BINARY_FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'COLUMNS': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ORDER SIBLINGS BY': <TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: 'ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'SYSDATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Oracle.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

     91    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     92        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
     93        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
     94        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
     95
     96        FUNCTIONS = {
     97            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     98            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     99            "TO_CHAR": _build_timetostr_or_tochar,
    100            "TO_TIMESTAMP": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "oracle"),
    101            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "oracle"),
    102        }
    103
    104        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
    105            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    106            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    107                exp.JSONArray,
    108                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
    109            ),
    110            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    111                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    112                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
    113                order=self._parse_order(),
    114            ),
    115            "XMLTABLE": lambda self: self._parse_xml_table(),
    116        }
    117
    118        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    119            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    120            "CONNECT_BY_ROOT": lambda self: self.expression(
    121                exp.ConnectByRoot, this=self._parse_column()
    122            ),
    123        }
    124
    125        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    126            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    127            "GLOBAL": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    128            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="GLOBAL"),
    129            "PRIVATE": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    130            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="PRIVATE"),
    131        }
    132
    133        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    134            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    135            TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: lambda self: ("order", self._parse_order()),
    136        }
    137
    138        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
    139            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
    140                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
    141            )
    142        }
    143
    144        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
    145        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
    146        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
    147
    148        def _parse_xml_table(self) -> exp.XMLTable:
    149            this = self._parse_string()
    150
    151            passing = None
    152            columns = None
    153
    154            if self._match_text_seq("PASSING"):
    155                # The BY VALUE keywords are optional and are provided for semantic clarity
    156                self._match_text_seq("BY", "VALUE")
    157                passing = self._parse_csv(self._parse_column)
    158
    159            by_ref = self._match_text_seq("RETURNING", "SEQUENCE", "BY", "REF")
    160
    161            if self._match_text_seq("COLUMNS"):
    162                columns = self._parse_csv(self._parse_field_def)
    163
    164            return self.expression(
    165                exp.XMLTable, this=this, passing=passing, columns=columns, by_ref=by_ref
    166            )
    167
    168        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
    169            return self.expression(
    170                expr_type,
    171                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
    172                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
    173                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
    174                **kwargs,
    175            )
    176
    177        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    178            column = super()._parse_column()
    179            if column:
    180                column.set("join_mark", self._match(TokenType.JOIN_MARKER))
    181            return column
    182
    183        def _parse_hint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Hint]:
    184            if self._match(TokenType.HINT):
    185                start = self._curr
    186                while self._curr and not self._match_pair(TokenType.STAR, TokenType.SLASH):
    187                    self._advance()
    188
    189                if not self._curr:
    190                    self.raise_error("Expected */ after HINT")
    191
    192                end = self._tokens[self._index - 3]
    193                return exp.Hint(expressions=[self._find_sql(start, end)])
    194
    195            return None

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {<TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>}
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_timetostr_or_tochar>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'SQUARE': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS: Dict[str, Callable] = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_ARRAY': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_ARRAYAGG': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IF': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NEXT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIVATE': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {<TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PREWHERE: 'PREWHERE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: 'ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY'>: <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {<Type.DATE: 'DATE'>: <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
DISTINCT_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTER
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_JSON_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Oracle.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    197    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    198        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    199        JOIN_HINTS = False
    200        TABLE_HINTS = False
    201        COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED = True
    202        DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED = True
    203        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
    204        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
    205        TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = "SAMPLE"
    206        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    207        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    208        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    209
    210        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    211            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    212            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
    213            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
    214            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
    215            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
    216            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
    217            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    218            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
    219            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
    220            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
    221            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
    222            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    223            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    224            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
    225            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
    226            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BLOB",
    227        }
    228
    229        TRANSFORMS = {
    230            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    231            exp.ConnectByRoot: lambda self, e: f"CONNECT_BY_ROOT {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    232            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    233                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
    234            ),
    235            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    236            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    237            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    238                [
    239                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    240                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    241                ]
    242            ),
    243            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    244            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    245            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
    246            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
    247            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
    248            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e, sep=" "),
    249            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda _, e: f"{e.name or 'GLOBAL'} TEMPORARY",
    250            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    251            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    252            exp.ToNumber: to_number_with_nls_param,
    253            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
    254            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self,
    255            e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
    256        }
    257
    258        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    259            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    260            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    261        }
    262
    263        def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentTimestamp) -> str:
    264            this = expression.this
    265            return self.func("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", this) if this else "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
    266
    267        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
    268            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
    269
    270        def xmltable_sql(self, expression: exp.XMLTable) -> str:
    271            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    272            passing = self.expressions(expression, key="passing")
    273            passing = f"{self.sep()}PASSING{self.seg(passing)}" if passing else ""
    274            columns = self.expressions(expression, key="columns")
    275            columns = f"{self.sep()}COLUMNS{self.seg(columns)}" if columns else ""
    276            by_ref = (
    277                f"{self.sep()}RETURNING SEQUENCE BY REF" if expression.args.get("by_ref") else ""
    278            )
    279            return f"XMLTABLE({self.sep('')}{self.indent(this + passing + by_ref + columns)}{self.seg(')', sep='')}"
    280
    281        def add_column_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterTable) -> str:
    282            actions = self.expressions(expression, key="actions", flat=True)
    283            if len(expression.args.get("actions", [])) > 1:
    284                return f"ADD ({actions})"
    285            return f"ADD {actions}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED = True
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED = True
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'FETCH'
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = 'SAMPLE'
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'NCHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'NVARCHAR2', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'DOUBLE PRECISION', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR2', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'CLOB', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BLOB', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BLOB'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TableSample'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>: <function to_number_with_nls_param>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function trim_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp) -> str: View Source

    263        def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentTimestamp) -> str:
    264            this = expression.this
    265            return self.func("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", this) if this else "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"

def offset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Offset) -> str: View Source

    267        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
    268            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"

def xmltable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable) -> str: View Source

    270        def xmltable_sql(self, expression: exp.XMLTable) -> str:
    271            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    272            passing = self.expressions(expression, key="passing")
    273            passing = f"{self.sep()}PASSING{self.seg(passing)}" if passing else ""
    274            columns = self.expressions(expression, key="columns")
    275            columns = f"{self.sep()}COLUMNS{self.seg(columns)}" if columns else ""
    276            by_ref = (
    277                f"{self.sep()}RETURNING SEQUENCE BY REF" if expression.args.get("by_ref") else ""
    278            )
    279            return f"XMLTABLE({self.sep('')}{self.indent(this + passing + by_ref + columns)}{self.seg(')', sep='')}"

def add_column_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterTable) -> str: View Source

    281        def add_column_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterTable) -> str:
    282            actions = self.expressions(expression, key="actions", flat=True)
    283            if len(expression.args.get("actions", [])) > 1:
    284                return f"ADD ({actions})"
    285            return f"ADD {actions}"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINTS
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_EXCEPT
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  intersect_op
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  generateseries_sql
  struct_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql