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sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

   1from __future__ import annotations
   2
   3import typing as t
   4
   5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
   6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
   7    Dialect,
   8    NormalizationStrategy,
   9    binary_from_function,
  10    build_default_decimal_type,
  11    date_delta_sql,
  12    date_trunc_to_time,
  13    datestrtodate_sql,
  14    build_formatted_time,
  15    if_sql,
  16    inline_array_sql,
  17    max_or_greatest,
  18    min_or_least,
  19    rename_func,
  20    timestamptrunc_sql,
  21    timestrtotime_sql,
  22    var_map_sql,
  23)
  24from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
  25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
  26
  27if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
  28    from sqlglot._typing import E
  29
  30
  31# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
  32def _build_datetime(
  33    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
  34) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
  35    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
  36        value = seq_get(args, 0)
  37        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
  38
  39        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
  40            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
  41            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
  42                return exp.cast(value, kind)
  43
  44            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
  45            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
  46            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
  47                if int_value:
  48                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
  49                if not is_float(value.this):
  50                    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
  51
  52        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
  53            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
  54            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
  55            return formatted_exp
  56
  57        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
  58
  59    return _builder
  60
  61
  62def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
  63    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
  64
  65    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
  66        return expression
  67
  68    return exp.Struct(
  69        expressions=[
  70            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
  71        ]
  72    )
  73
  74
  75def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
  76    return exp.DateDiff(
  77        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
  78    )
  79
  80
  81def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
  82    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
  83        return expr_type(
  84            this=seq_get(args, 2),
  85            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
  86            unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
  87        )
  88
  89    return _builder
  90
  91
  92# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
  93def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
  94    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
  95    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
  96    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
  97    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
  98
  99
 100# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 101def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 102    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
 103    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 104
 105
 106# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 107def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 108    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
 109    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 110
 111
 112def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
 113    flag = expression.text("flag")
 114
 115    if "i" not in flag:
 116        flag += "i"
 117
 118    return self.func(
 119        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
 120    )
 121
 122
 123def _build_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
 124    if len(args) == 3:
 125        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
 126    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
 127
 128
 129def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
 130    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
 131
 132    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
 133        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
 134
 135    return regexp_replace
 136
 137
 138def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
 139    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
 140        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
 141
 142    return _parse
 143
 144
 145DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
 146    "Y": "YEAR",
 147    "YY": "YEAR",
 148    "YYY": "YEAR",
 149    "YYYY": "YEAR",
 150    "YR": "YEAR",
 151    "YEARS": "YEAR",
 152    "YRS": "YEAR",
 153    "MM": "MONTH",
 154    "MON": "MONTH",
 155    "MONS": "MONTH",
 156    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
 157    "D": "DAY",
 158    "DD": "DAY",
 159    "DAYS": "DAY",
 160    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
 161    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
 162    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
 163    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
 164    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 165    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 166    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
 167    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
 168    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
 169    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
 170    "W": "WEEK",
 171    "WK": "WEEK",
 172    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
 173    "WOY": "WEEK",
 174    "WY": "WEEK",
 175    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
 176    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
 177    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
 178    "Q": "QUARTER",
 179    "QTR": "QUARTER",
 180    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
 181    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
 182    "H": "HOUR",
 183    "HH": "HOUR",
 184    "HR": "HOUR",
 185    "HOURS": "HOUR",
 186    "HRS": "HOUR",
 187    "M": "MINUTE",
 188    "MI": "MINUTE",
 189    "MIN": "MINUTE",
 190    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
 191    "MINS": "MINUTE",
 192    "S": "SECOND",
 193    "SEC": "SECOND",
 194    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
 195    "SECS": "SECOND",
 196    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
 197    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
 198    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
 199    "US": "MICROSECOND",
 200    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
 201    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
 202    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
 203    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
 204    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
 205    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
 206    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
 207    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
 208    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
 209    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
 210    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
 211    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
 212    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
 213    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
 214    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
 215}
 216
 217
 218@t.overload
 219def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
 220    pass
 221
 222
 223@t.overload
 224def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 225    pass
 226
 227
 228def _map_date_part(part):
 229    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
 230    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
 231
 232
 233def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
 234    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
 235    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
 236    return trunc
 237
 238
 239def _build_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
 240    if len(args) == 2:
 241        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
 242        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
 243        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
 244
 245    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
 246
 247
 248def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 249    """
 250    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
 251    so we need to unqualify them.
 252
 253    Example:
 254        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
 255        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
 256        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
 257        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
 258    """
 259    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
 260        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
 261
 262    return expression
 263
 264
 265def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 266    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
 267
 268    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
 269        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
 270            expression.set("expressions", None)
 271        return expression
 272
 273    props = expression.args.get("properties")
 274    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
 275        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
 276            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
 277                column_type = schema_expression.kind
 278                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
 279                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
 280
 281    return expression
 282
 283
 284class Snowflake(Dialect):
 285    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 286    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 287    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 288    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 289    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 290    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 291    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 292    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 293    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 294
 295    TIME_MAPPING = {
 296        "YYYY": "%Y",
 297        "yyyy": "%Y",
 298        "YY": "%y",
 299        "yy": "%y",
 300        "MMMM": "%B",
 301        "mmmm": "%B",
 302        "MON": "%b",
 303        "mon": "%b",
 304        "MM": "%m",
 305        "mm": "%m",
 306        "DD": "%d",
 307        "dd": "%-d",
 308        "DY": "%a",
 309        "dy": "%w",
 310        "HH24": "%H",
 311        "hh24": "%H",
 312        "HH12": "%I",
 313        "hh12": "%I",
 314        "MI": "%M",
 315        "mi": "%M",
 316        "SS": "%S",
 317        "ss": "%S",
 318        "FF": "%f",
 319        "ff": "%f",
 320        "FF6": "%f",
 321        "ff6": "%f",
 322    }
 323
 324    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 325        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 326        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 327        if (
 328            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 329            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 330            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 331        ):
 332            return expression  # type: ignore
 333
 334        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 335
 336    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 337        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 338        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 339
 340        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 341            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 342            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 343        }
 344
 345        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 346        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 347
 348        FUNCTIONS = {
 349            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 350            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 351            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
 352            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
 353            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 354                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 355            ),
 356            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 357                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 358                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 359                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 360                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 361            ),
 362            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 363            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 364            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
 365            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
 366            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 367            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 368            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 369            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 370            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 371            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 372            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 373                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 374            ),
 375            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 376            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 377                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 378            ),
 379            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
 380            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
 381                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
 382            ),
 383            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 384            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 385            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 386            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
 387            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 388            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 389            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 390            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 391            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 392            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 393            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
 394            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
 395            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 396            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 397            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 398                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 399                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 400                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 401                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 402            ),
 403            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 404            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 405            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 406            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 408            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 409            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 410        }
 411
 412        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 413            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 414            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 415            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 416        }
 417        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 418
 419        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 420
 421        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 422            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 423            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 424            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 425        }
 426
 427        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 428            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 429            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
 430            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 431                exp.Set,
 432                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 433                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 434                unset=True,
 435            ),
 436            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
 437        }
 438
 439        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 440            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 441            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 442        }
 443
 444        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 445            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 446            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 447        }
 448
 449        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
 450            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 451            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 452        }
 453
 454        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 455            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 456            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 457            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 458            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 459            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 460            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 461            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 462            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 463            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 464            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 465            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 466            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 467            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 468            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 469            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 470            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 471            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 472            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 473            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 474        }
 475
 476        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 477            TokenType.DOT,
 478            TokenType.MOD,
 479            TokenType.SLASH,
 480        }
 481
 482        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 483
 484        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 485
 486        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 487            expression = super()._parse_create()
 488            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
 489                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 490                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 491
 492            return expression
 493
 494        def _parse_column_ops(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 495            this = super()._parse_column_ops(this)
 496
 497            casts = []
 498            json_path = []
 499
 500            while self._match(TokenType.COLON):
 501                path = super()._parse_column_ops(self._parse_field(any_token=True))
 502
 503                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
 504                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
 505                while isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
 506                    casts.append(path.to)
 507                    path = path.this
 508
 509                if path:
 510                    json_path.append(path.sql(dialect="snowflake", copy=False))
 511
 512            if json_path:
 513                this = self.expression(
 514                    exp.JSONExtract,
 515                    this=this,
 516                    expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(exp.Literal.string(".".join(json_path))),
 517                )
 518
 519                while casts:
 520                    this = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=casts.pop())
 521
 522            return this
 523
 524        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 525        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 526        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 527            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 528
 529            if not this:
 530                return None
 531
 532            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 533            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 534            this = _map_date_part(this)
 535            name = this.name.upper()
 536
 537            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 538                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 539                    scale = 10**3
 540                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 541                    scale = 10**6
 542                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 543                    scale = 10**9
 544                else:
 545                    scale = None
 546
 547                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 548                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 549
 550                if scale:
 551                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 552
 553                return to_unix
 554
 555            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 556
 557        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 558            if is_map:
 559                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 560                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 561                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 562                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 563
 564            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
 565
 566        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 567            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 568            if not lateral:
 569                return lateral
 570
 571            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 572                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 573                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 574                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 575                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 576                elif not table_alias:
 577                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 578
 579            return lateral
 580
 581        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
 582            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
 583            index = self._index
 584            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
 585                this = self._prev.text.upper()
 586                kind = (
 587                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 588                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
 589                    and self._prev.text.upper()
 590                )
 591                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
 592
 593                if expression:
 594                    self._match_r_paren()
 595                    when = self.expression(
 596                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
 597                    )
 598                    table.set("when", when)
 599                else:
 600                    self._retreat(index)
 601
 602            return table
 603
 604        def _parse_table_parts(
 605            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 606        ) -> exp.Table:
 607            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 608            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 609                table = self._parse_string()
 610            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 611                table = self._parse_location_path()
 612            else:
 613                table = None
 614
 615            if table:
 616                file_format = None
 617                pattern = None
 618
 619                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 620                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 621                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 622                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 623                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 624                        )
 625                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 626                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 627                    else:
 628                        break
 629
 630                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 631
 632                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 633            else:
 634                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 635
 636            return self._parse_at_before(table)
 637
 638        def _parse_id_var(
 639            self,
 640            any_token: bool = True,
 641            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 642        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 643            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 644                identifier = (
 645                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 646                    or self._parse_string()
 647                )
 648                self._match_r_paren()
 649                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 650
 651            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 652
 653        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 654            scope = None
 655            scope_kind = None
 656
 657            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 658            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 659            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 660
 661            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 662
 663            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 664
 665            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 666                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 667                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 668                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 669                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 670                    if self._curr:
 671                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 672                elif self._curr:
 673                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 674                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 675
 676            return self.expression(
 677                exp.Show,
 678                **{
 679                    "terse": terse,
 680                    "this": this,
 681                    "history": history,
 682                    "like": like,
 683                    "scope": scope,
 684                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 685                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 686                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 687                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 688                },
 689            )
 690
 691        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
 692            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
 693            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
 694
 695        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 696            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 697            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 698
 699        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 700            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 701            return (
 702                self._parse_select(table=True)
 703                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 704                else self._parse_table_parts()
 705            )
 706
 707        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 708            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 709
 710            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 711            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 712            # in case of subqueries
 713            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 714                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 715            ):
 716                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 717
 718            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 719
 720    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 721        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 722        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 723        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 724        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 725
 726        KEYWORDS = {
 727            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 728            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 729            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 730            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 731            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 732            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 733            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 734            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 735            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 736            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 737            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 738            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 739            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 740            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 741            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 742            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 743            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 744            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 745            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 746            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 747            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 748        }
 749
 750        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 751            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 752            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 753        }
 754
 755        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 756
 757        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 758
 759    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 760        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 761        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 762        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 763        JOIN_HINTS = False
 764        TABLE_HINTS = False
 765        QUERY_HINTS = False
 766        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 767        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 768        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 769        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 770        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 771        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 772        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 773        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 774        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 775        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 776
 777        TRANSFORMS = {
 778            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 779            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 780            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 781            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 782            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 783            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 784            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 785            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 786                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 787            ),
 788            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 789            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 790            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 791            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 792            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 793            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 794            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 795            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 796            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 797            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 798            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 799                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 800            ),
 801            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 802                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 803            ),
 804            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 805            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 806            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 807            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 808                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 809            ),
 810            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 811            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 812            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 813            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 814            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 815            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 816            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 817            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 818            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 819                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 820            ),
 821            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 822                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 823            ),
 824            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 825            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 826            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 827            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 828                [
 829                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 830                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 831                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 832                ]
 833            ),
 834            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 835            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 836            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 837            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 838                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 839            ),
 840            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 841            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 842            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 843            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 844                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 845            ),
 846            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 847            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 848            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 849                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 850            ),
 851            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 852            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 853            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 854            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 855            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 856            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 857            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 858                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 859            ),
 860            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 861            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 862            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 863            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 864        }
 865
 866        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 867            exp.JSONPathKey,
 868            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 869            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 870        }
 871
 872        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 873            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 874            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 875            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 876        }
 877
 878        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 879            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 880            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 881            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 882        }
 883
 884        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 885            exp.Map,
 886            exp.StarMap,
 887            exp.Struct,
 888            exp.VarMap,
 889        }
 890
 891        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 892            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 893                values_as_table = False
 894
 895            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 896
 897        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 898            expressions = expression.expressions
 899            if (
 900                expressions
 901                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 902                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 903            ):
 904                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 905                return "OBJECT"
 906
 907            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 908
 909        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 910            return self.func(
 911                "TO_NUMBER",
 912                expression.this,
 913                expression.args.get("format"),
 914                expression.args.get("precision"),
 915                expression.args.get("scale"),
 916            )
 917
 918        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 919            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 920            if milli is not None:
 921                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 922                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 923
 924            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 925
 926        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 927            value = expression.this
 928
 929            if value.type is None:
 930                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 931
 932                value = annotate_types(value)
 933
 934            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 935                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 936
 937            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 938            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 939
 940        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 941            if not expression.expression:
 942                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 943
 944            return super().log_sql(expression)
 945
 946        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 947            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 948            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 949
 950            columns = [
 951                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 952                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 953                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 954                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 955                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 956                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 957                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 958            ]
 959
 960            if unnest_alias:
 961                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 962            else:
 963                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 964
 965            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 966            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 967            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 968            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 969
 970        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 971            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 972            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 973            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 974            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 975
 976            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 977            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 978
 979            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 980            if scope_kind:
 981                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 982
 983            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 984            if starts_with:
 985                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 986
 987            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 988
 989            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 990            if from_:
 991                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 992
 993            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 994
 995        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 996            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 997            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
 998            group = expression.args.get("group")
 999            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1000            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1001            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1002
1003            return self.func(
1004                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1005                expression.this,
1006                expression.expression,
1007                position,
1008                occurrence,
1009                parameters,
1010                group,
1011            )
1012
1013        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
1014            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1015                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1016            return super().except_op(expression)
1017
1018        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
1019            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1020                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1021            return super().intersect_op(expression)
1022
1023        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1024            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1025            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1026            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1027            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1028            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1029            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1030            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1031
1032        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1033            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1034        ) -> str:
1035            start = expression.args.get("start")
1036            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1037            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1038            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1039            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1040
1041        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
1042            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1043            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
1044
1045        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
1046            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
1047
1048        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1049            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1050
1051        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1052            keys = []
1053            values = []
1054
1055            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1056                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1057                    keys.append(
1058                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1059                    )
1060                    values.append(e.expression)
1061                else:
1062                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1063                    values.append(e)
1064
1065            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1066
1067        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1068            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1069                self.unsupported(
1070                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1071                )
1072
1073            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
 285class Snowflake(Dialect):
 286    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 287    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 288    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 289    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 290    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 291    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 292    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 293    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 294    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 295
 296    TIME_MAPPING = {
 297        "YYYY": "%Y",
 298        "yyyy": "%Y",
 299        "YY": "%y",
 300        "yy": "%y",
 301        "MMMM": "%B",
 302        "mmmm": "%B",
 303        "MON": "%b",
 304        "mon": "%b",
 305        "MM": "%m",
 306        "mm": "%m",
 307        "DD": "%d",
 308        "dd": "%-d",
 309        "DY": "%a",
 310        "dy": "%w",
 311        "HH24": "%H",
 312        "hh24": "%H",
 313        "HH12": "%I",
 314        "hh12": "%I",
 315        "MI": "%M",
 316        "mi": "%M",
 317        "SS": "%S",
 318        "ss": "%S",
 319        "FF": "%f",
 320        "ff": "%f",
 321        "FF6": "%f",
 322        "ff6": "%f",
 323    }
 324
 325    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 326        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 327        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 328        if (
 329            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 330            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 331            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 332        ):
 333            return expression  # type: ignore
 334
 335        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 336
 337    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 338        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 339        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 340
 341        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 342            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 343            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 344        }
 345
 346        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 348
 349        FUNCTIONS = {
 350            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 351            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 352            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
 353            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
 354            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 355                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 356            ),
 357            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 358                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 359                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 360                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 361                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 362            ),
 363            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 364            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 365            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
 366            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
 367            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 368            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 369            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 370            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 371            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 372            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 373            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 374                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 375            ),
 376            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 377            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 378                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 379            ),
 380            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
 381            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
 382                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
 383            ),
 384            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 385            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 386            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 387            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
 388            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 389            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 390            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 391            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 392            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 393            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 394            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
 395            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
 396            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 397            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 398            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 399                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 400                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 401                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 402                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 403            ),
 404            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 405            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 406            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 409            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 410            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 411        }
 412
 413        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 414            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 415            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 416            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 417        }
 418        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 419
 420        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 421
 422        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 423            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 424            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 425            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 426        }
 427
 428        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 429            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 430            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
 431            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 432                exp.Set,
 433                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 434                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 435                unset=True,
 436            ),
 437            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
 438        }
 439
 440        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 441            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 442            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 443        }
 444
 445        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 446            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 447            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 448        }
 449
 450        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
 451            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 452            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 453        }
 454
 455        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 456            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 457            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 458            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 459            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 460            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 461            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 462            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 463            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 464            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 465            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 466            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 467            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 468            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 469            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 470            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 471            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 472            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 473            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 474            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 475        }
 476
 477        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 478            TokenType.DOT,
 479            TokenType.MOD,
 480            TokenType.SLASH,
 481        }
 482
 483        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 484
 485        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 486
 487        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 488            expression = super()._parse_create()
 489            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
 490                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 491                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 492
 493            return expression
 494
 495        def _parse_column_ops(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 496            this = super()._parse_column_ops(this)
 497
 498            casts = []
 499            json_path = []
 500
 501            while self._match(TokenType.COLON):
 502                path = super()._parse_column_ops(self._parse_field(any_token=True))
 503
 504                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
 505                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
 506                while isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
 507                    casts.append(path.to)
 508                    path = path.this
 509
 510                if path:
 511                    json_path.append(path.sql(dialect="snowflake", copy=False))
 512
 513            if json_path:
 514                this = self.expression(
 515                    exp.JSONExtract,
 516                    this=this,
 517                    expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(exp.Literal.string(".".join(json_path))),
 518                )
 519
 520                while casts:
 521                    this = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=casts.pop())
 522
 523            return this
 524
 525        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 526        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 527        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 528            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 529
 530            if not this:
 531                return None
 532
 533            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 534            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 535            this = _map_date_part(this)
 536            name = this.name.upper()
 537
 538            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 539                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 540                    scale = 10**3
 541                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 542                    scale = 10**6
 543                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 544                    scale = 10**9
 545                else:
 546                    scale = None
 547
 548                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 549                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 550
 551                if scale:
 552                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 553
 554                return to_unix
 555
 556            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 557
 558        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 559            if is_map:
 560                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 561                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 562                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 563                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 564
 565            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
 566
 567        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 568            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 569            if not lateral:
 570                return lateral
 571
 572            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 573                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 574                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 575                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 576                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 577                elif not table_alias:
 578                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 579
 580            return lateral
 581
 582        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
 583            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
 584            index = self._index
 585            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
 586                this = self._prev.text.upper()
 587                kind = (
 588                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 589                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
 590                    and self._prev.text.upper()
 591                )
 592                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
 593
 594                if expression:
 595                    self._match_r_paren()
 596                    when = self.expression(
 597                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
 598                    )
 599                    table.set("when", when)
 600                else:
 601                    self._retreat(index)
 602
 603            return table
 604
 605        def _parse_table_parts(
 606            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 607        ) -> exp.Table:
 608            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 609            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 610                table = self._parse_string()
 611            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 612                table = self._parse_location_path()
 613            else:
 614                table = None
 615
 616            if table:
 617                file_format = None
 618                pattern = None
 619
 620                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 621                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 622                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 623                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 624                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 625                        )
 626                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 627                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 628                    else:
 629                        break
 630
 631                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 632
 633                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 634            else:
 635                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 636
 637            return self._parse_at_before(table)
 638
 639        def _parse_id_var(
 640            self,
 641            any_token: bool = True,
 642            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 643        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 644            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 645                identifier = (
 646                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 647                    or self._parse_string()
 648                )
 649                self._match_r_paren()
 650                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 651
 652            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 653
 654        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 655            scope = None
 656            scope_kind = None
 657
 658            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 659            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 660            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 661
 662            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 663
 664            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 665
 666            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 667                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 668                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 669                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 670                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 671                    if self._curr:
 672                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 673                elif self._curr:
 674                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 675                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 676
 677            return self.expression(
 678                exp.Show,
 679                **{
 680                    "terse": terse,
 681                    "this": this,
 682                    "history": history,
 683                    "like": like,
 684                    "scope": scope,
 685                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 686                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 687                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 688                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 689                },
 690            )
 691
 692        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
 693            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
 694            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
 695
 696        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 697            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 698            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 699
 700        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 701            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 702            return (
 703                self._parse_select(table=True)
 704                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 705                else self._parse_table_parts()
 706            )
 707
 708        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 709            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 710
 711            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 712            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 713            # in case of subqueries
 714            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 715                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 716            ):
 717                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 718
 719            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 720
 721    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 722        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 723        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 724        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 725        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 726
 727        KEYWORDS = {
 728            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 729            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 730            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 731            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 732            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 733            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 734            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 735            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 736            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 737            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 738            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 739            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 740            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 741            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 742            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 743            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 744            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 745            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 746            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 747            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 748            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 749        }
 750
 751        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 752            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 753            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 754        }
 755
 756        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 757
 758        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 759
 760    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 761        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 762        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 763        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 764        JOIN_HINTS = False
 765        TABLE_HINTS = False
 766        QUERY_HINTS = False
 767        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 768        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 769        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 770        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 771        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 772        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 773        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 774        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 775        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 776        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 777
 778        TRANSFORMS = {
 779            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 780            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 781            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 782            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 783            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 784            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 785            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 786            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 787                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 788            ),
 789            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 790            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 791            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 792            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 793            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 794            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 795            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 796            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 797            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 798            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 799            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 800                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 801            ),
 802            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 803                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 804            ),
 805            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 806            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 807            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 808            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 809                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 810            ),
 811            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 812            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 813            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 814            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 815            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 816            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 817            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 818            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 819            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 820                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 821            ),
 822            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 823                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 824            ),
 825            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 826            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 827            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 828            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 829                [
 830                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 831                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 832                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 833                ]
 834            ),
 835            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 836            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 837            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 838            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 839                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 840            ),
 841            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 842            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 843            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 844            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 845                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 846            ),
 847            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 848            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 849            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 850                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 851            ),
 852            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 853            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 854            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 855            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 856            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 857            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 858            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 859                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 860            ),
 861            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 862            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 863            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 864            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 865        }
 866
 867        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 868            exp.JSONPathKey,
 869            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 870            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 871        }
 872
 873        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 874            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 875            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 876            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 877        }
 878
 879        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 880            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 881            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 882            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 883        }
 884
 885        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 886            exp.Map,
 887            exp.StarMap,
 888            exp.Struct,
 889            exp.VarMap,
 890        }
 891
 892        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 893            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 894                values_as_table = False
 895
 896            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 897
 898        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 899            expressions = expression.expressions
 900            if (
 901                expressions
 902                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 903                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 904            ):
 905                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 906                return "OBJECT"
 907
 908            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 909
 910        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 911            return self.func(
 912                "TO_NUMBER",
 913                expression.this,
 914                expression.args.get("format"),
 915                expression.args.get("precision"),
 916                expression.args.get("scale"),
 917            )
 918
 919        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 920            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 921            if milli is not None:
 922                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 923                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 924
 925            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 926
 927        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 928            value = expression.this
 929
 930            if value.type is None:
 931                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 932
 933                value = annotate_types(value)
 934
 935            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 936                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 937
 938            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 939            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 940
 941        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 942            if not expression.expression:
 943                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 944
 945            return super().log_sql(expression)
 946
 947        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 948            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 949            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 950
 951            columns = [
 952                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 953                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 954                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 955                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 956                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 957                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 958                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 959            ]
 960
 961            if unnest_alias:
 962                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 963            else:
 964                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 965
 966            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 967            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 968            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 969            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 970
 971        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 972            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 973            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 974            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 975            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 976
 977            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 978            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 979
 980            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 981            if scope_kind:
 982                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 983
 984            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 985            if starts_with:
 986                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 987
 988            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 989
 990            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 991            if from_:
 992                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 993
 994            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 995
 996        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 997            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 998            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
 999            group = expression.args.get("group")
1000            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1001            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1002            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1003
1004            return self.func(
1005                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1006                expression.this,
1007                expression.expression,
1008                position,
1009                occurrence,
1010                parameters,
1011                group,
1012            )
1013
1014        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
1015            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1016                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1017            return super().except_op(expression)
1018
1019        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
1020            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1021                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1022            return super().intersect_op(expression)
1023
1024        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1025            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1026            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1027            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1028            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1029            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1030            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1031            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1032
1033        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1034            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1035        ) -> str:
1036            start = expression.args.get("start")
1037            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1038            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1039            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1040            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1041
1042        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
1043            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1044            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
1045
1046        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
1047            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
1048
1049        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1050            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1051
1052        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1053            keys = []
1054            values = []
1055
1056            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1057                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1058                    keys.append(
1059                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1060                    )
1061                    values.append(e.expression)
1062                else:
1063                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1064                    values.append(e)
1065
1066            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1067
1068        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1069            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1070                self.unsupported(
1071                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1072                )
1073
1074            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

will be rewritten as

WITH y(c) AS (
    SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
) SELECT c FROM y;
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E:
325    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
326        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
327        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
328        if (
329            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
330            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
331            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
332        ):
333            return expression  # type: ignore
334
335        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

Arguments:
  • expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an Identifier, this method is a no-op.
  • identify: If set to False, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
337    class Parser(parser.Parser):
338        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
339        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
340
341        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
342            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
343            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
344        }
345
346        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
347        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
348
349        FUNCTIONS = {
350            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
351            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
352            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
353            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
354            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
355                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
356            ),
357            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
358                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
359                start=seq_get(args, 0),
360                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
361                step=seq_get(args, 2),
362            ),
363            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
364            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
365            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
366            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
367            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
368            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
369            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
370            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
371            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
372            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
373            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
374                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
375            ),
376            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
377            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
378                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
379            ),
380            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
381            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
382                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
383            ),
384            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
385            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
386            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
387            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
388            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
389            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
390            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
391            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
392            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
393            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
394            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
395            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _build_timestamp_from_parts,
396            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
397            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
398            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
399                this=seq_get(args, 0),
400                format=seq_get(args, 1),
401                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
402                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
403            ),
404            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
405            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
406            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
407            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
408            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
409            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
410            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
411        }
412
413        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
414            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
415            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
416            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
417        }
418        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
419
420        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
421
422        RANGE_PARSERS = {
423            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
424            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
425            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
426        }
427
428        ALTER_PARSERS = {
429            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
430            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
431            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
432                exp.Set,
433                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
434                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
435                unset=True,
436            ),
437            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
438        }
439
440        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
441            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
442            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
443        }
444
445        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
446            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
447            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
448        }
449
450        TYPE_CONVERTER = {
451            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
452            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
453        }
454
455        SHOW_PARSERS = {
456            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
457            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
458            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
459            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
460            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
461            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
462            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
463            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
464            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
465            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
466            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
467            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
468            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
469            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
470            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
471            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
472            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
473            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
474            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
475        }
476
477        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
478            TokenType.DOT,
479            TokenType.MOD,
480            TokenType.SLASH,
481        }
482
483        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
484
485        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
486
487        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
488            expression = super()._parse_create()
489            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind == "TAG":
490                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
491                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
492
493            return expression
494
495        def _parse_column_ops(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
496            this = super()._parse_column_ops(this)
497
498            casts = []
499            json_path = []
500
501            while self._match(TokenType.COLON):
502                path = super()._parse_column_ops(self._parse_field(any_token=True))
503
504                # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
505                # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
506                while isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
507                    casts.append(path.to)
508                    path = path.this
509
510                if path:
511                    json_path.append(path.sql(dialect="snowflake", copy=False))
512
513            if json_path:
514                this = self.expression(
515                    exp.JSONExtract,
516                    this=this,
517                    expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(exp.Literal.string(".".join(json_path))),
518                )
519
520                while casts:
521                    this = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=casts.pop())
522
523            return this
524
525        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
526        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
527        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
528            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
529
530            if not this:
531                return None
532
533            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
534            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
535            this = _map_date_part(this)
536            name = this.name.upper()
537
538            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
539                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
540                    scale = 10**3
541                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
542                    scale = 10**6
543                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
544                    scale = 10**9
545                else:
546                    scale = None
547
548                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
549                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
550
551                if scale:
552                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
553
554                return to_unix
555
556            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
557
558        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
559            if is_map:
560                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
561                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
562                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
563                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
564
565            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
566
567        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
568            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
569            if not lateral:
570                return lateral
571
572            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
573                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
574                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
575                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
576                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
577                elif not table_alias:
578                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
579
580            return lateral
581
582        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
583            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
584            index = self._index
585            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
586                this = self._prev.text.upper()
587                kind = (
588                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
589                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
590                    and self._prev.text.upper()
591                )
592                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
593
594                if expression:
595                    self._match_r_paren()
596                    when = self.expression(
597                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
598                    )
599                    table.set("when", when)
600                else:
601                    self._retreat(index)
602
603            return table
604
605        def _parse_table_parts(
606            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
607        ) -> exp.Table:
608            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
609            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
610                table = self._parse_string()
611            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
612                table = self._parse_location_path()
613            else:
614                table = None
615
616            if table:
617                file_format = None
618                pattern = None
619
620                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
621                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
622                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
623                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
624                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
625                        )
626                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
627                        pattern = self._parse_string()
628                    else:
629                        break
630
631                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
632
633                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
634            else:
635                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
636
637            return self._parse_at_before(table)
638
639        def _parse_id_var(
640            self,
641            any_token: bool = True,
642            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
643        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
644            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
645                identifier = (
646                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
647                    or self._parse_string()
648                )
649                self._match_r_paren()
650                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
651
652            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
653
654        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
655            scope = None
656            scope_kind = None
657
658            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
659            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
660            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
661
662            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
663
664            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
665
666            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
667                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
668                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
669                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
670                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
671                    if self._curr:
672                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
673                elif self._curr:
674                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
675                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
676
677            return self.expression(
678                exp.Show,
679                **{
680                    "terse": terse,
681                    "this": this,
682                    "history": history,
683                    "like": like,
684                    "scope": scope,
685                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
686                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
687                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
688                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
689                },
690            )
691
692        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
693            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
694            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
695
696        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
697            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
698            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
699
700        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
701            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
702            return (
703                self._parse_select(table=True)
704                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
705                else self._parse_table_parts()
706            )
707
708        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
709            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
710
711            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
712            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
713            # in case of subqueries
714            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
715                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
716            ):
717                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
718
719            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _build_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTER = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'VIEWS', 'TABLES', 'OBJECTS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'SEQUENCES', 'IMPORTED KEYS'}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
UNION_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
721    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
722        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
723        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
724        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
725        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
726
727        KEYWORDS = {
728            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
729            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
730            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
731            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
732            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
733            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
734            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
735            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
736            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
737            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
738            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
739            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
740            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
741            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
742            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
743            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
744            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
745            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
746            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
747            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
748            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
749        }
750
751        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
752            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
753            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
754        }
755
756        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
757
758        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>}
class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
 760    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 761        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 762        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 763        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 764        JOIN_HINTS = False
 765        TABLE_HINTS = False
 766        QUERY_HINTS = False
 767        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 768        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 769        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 770        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 771        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 772        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 773        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 774        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 775        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 776        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 777
 778        TRANSFORMS = {
 779            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 780            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 781            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 782            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 783            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 784            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
 785            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 786            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 787                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 788            ),
 789            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 790            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 791            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 792            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 793            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 794            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 795            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 796            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 797            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 798            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 799            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 800                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 801            ),
 802            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 803                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 804            ),
 805            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 806            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 807            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 808            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 809                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 810            ),
 811            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 812            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 813            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 814            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 815            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 816            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 817            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 818            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 819            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 820                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 821            ),
 822            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 823                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 824            ),
 825            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 826            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 827            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 828            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 829                [
 830                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 831                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 832                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 833                ]
 834            ),
 835            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 836            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 837            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 838            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 839                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 840            ),
 841            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
 842            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 843            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 844            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 845                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 846            ),
 847            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 848            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 849            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 850                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 851            ),
 852            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 853            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 854            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 855            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
 856            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 857            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 858            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 859                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 860            ),
 861            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 862            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 863            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 864            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 865        }
 866
 867        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 868            exp.JSONPathKey,
 869            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 870            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 871        }
 872
 873        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 874            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 875            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 876            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 877        }
 878
 879        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 880            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 881            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 882            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 883        }
 884
 885        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 886            exp.Map,
 887            exp.StarMap,
 888            exp.Struct,
 889            exp.VarMap,
 890        }
 891
 892        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 893            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 894                values_as_table = False
 895
 896            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 897
 898        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 899            expressions = expression.expressions
 900            if (
 901                expressions
 902                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 903                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 904            ):
 905                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 906                return "OBJECT"
 907
 908            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 909
 910        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 911            return self.func(
 912                "TO_NUMBER",
 913                expression.this,
 914                expression.args.get("format"),
 915                expression.args.get("precision"),
 916                expression.args.get("scale"),
 917            )
 918
 919        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 920            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 921            if milli is not None:
 922                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 923                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 924
 925            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 926
 927        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 928            value = expression.this
 929
 930            if value.type is None:
 931                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 932
 933                value = annotate_types(value)
 934
 935            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 936                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 937
 938            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 939            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 940
 941        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 942            if not expression.expression:
 943                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 944
 945            return super().log_sql(expression)
 946
 947        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 948            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 949            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 950
 951            columns = [
 952                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 953                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 954                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 955                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 956                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 957                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 958                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 959            ]
 960
 961            if unnest_alias:
 962                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 963            else:
 964                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 965
 966            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 967            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 968            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 969            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 970
 971        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 972            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 973            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 974            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 975            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 976
 977            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 978            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 979
 980            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 981            if scope_kind:
 982                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 983
 984            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 985            if starts_with:
 986                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 987
 988            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
 989
 990            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
 991            if from_:
 992                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
 993
 994            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
 995
 996        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 997            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 998            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
 999            group = expression.args.get("group")
1000            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1001            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1002            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1003
1004            return self.func(
1005                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1006                expression.this,
1007                expression.expression,
1008                position,
1009                occurrence,
1010                parameters,
1011                group,
1012            )
1013
1014        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
1015            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1016                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1017            return super().except_op(expression)
1018
1019        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
1020            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1021                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1022            return super().intersect_op(expression)
1023
1024        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1025            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1026            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1027            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1028            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1029            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1030            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1031            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1032
1033        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1034            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1035        ) -> str:
1036            start = expression.args.get("start")
1037            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1038            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1039            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1040            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1041
1042        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
1043            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1044            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
1045
1046        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
1047            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
1048
1049        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1050            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1051
1052        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1053            keys = []
1054            values = []
1055
1056            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1057                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1058                    keys.append(
1059                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1060                    )
1061                    values.append(e.expression)
1062                else:
1063                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1064                    values.append(e)
1065
1066            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1067
1068        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1069            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1070                self.unsupported(
1071                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1072                )
1073
1074            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>}
def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
892        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
893            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
894                values_as_table = False
895
896            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str:
898        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
899            expressions = expression.expressions
900            if (
901                expressions
902                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
903                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
904            ):
905                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
906                return "OBJECT"
907
908            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str:
910        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
911            return self.func(
912                "TO_NUMBER",
913                expression.this,
914                expression.args.get("format"),
915                expression.args.get("precision"),
916                expression.args.get("scale"),
917            )
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
919        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
920            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
921            if milli is not None:
922                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
923                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
924
925            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
927        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
928            value = expression.this
929
930            if value.type is None:
931                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
932
933                value = annotate_types(value)
934
935            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
936                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
937
938            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
939            return self.cast_sql(expression)
def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str:
941        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
942            if not expression.expression:
943                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
944
945            return super().log_sql(expression)
def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
947        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
948            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
949            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
950
951            columns = [
952                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
953                exp.to_identifier("key"),
954                exp.to_identifier("path"),
955                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
956                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
957                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
958                exp.to_identifier("this"),
959            ]
960
961            if unnest_alias:
962                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
963            else:
964                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
965
966            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
967            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
968            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
969            return f"{explode}{alias}"
def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str:
971        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
972            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
973            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
974            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
975            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
976
977            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
978            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
979
980            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
981            if scope_kind:
982                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
983
984            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
985            if starts_with:
986                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
987
988            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
989
990            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
991            if from_:
992                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
993
994            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 996        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
 997            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
 998            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
 999            group = expression.args.get("group")
1000            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1001            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1002            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1003
1004            return self.func(
1005                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1006                expression.this,
1007                expression.expression,
1008                position,
1009                occurrence,
1010                parameters,
1011                group,
1012            )
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
1014        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
1015            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1016                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1017            return super().except_op(expression)
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
1019        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
1020            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
1021                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
1022            return super().intersect_op(expression)
def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str:
1024        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1025            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1026            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1027            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1028            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1029            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1030            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1031            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str:
1033        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1034            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1035        ) -> str:
1036            start = expression.args.get("start")
1037            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1038            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1039            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1040            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str:
1042        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
1043            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
1044            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
1046        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
1047            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str:
1049        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1050            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
1052        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1053            keys = []
1054            values = []
1055
1056            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1057                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1058                    keys.append(
1059                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1060                    )
1061                    values.append(e.expression)
1062                else:
1063                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1064                    values.append(e)
1065
1066            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1068        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1069            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
1070                self.unsupported(
1071                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
1072                )
1073
1074            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_UNION
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
NVL2_SUPPORTED
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
HEX_FUNC
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
dialect
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
preprocess
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_parts
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
computedcolumnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
transformcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
sequenceproperties_sql
clone_sql
heredoc_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
cte_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
unicodestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypeparam_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
indexparameters_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
hex_sql
lowerhex_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
locate_properties
property_name
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
partitionboundspec_sql
partitionedofproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
withsystemversioningproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
introducer_sql
kill_sql
pseudotype_sql
objectidentifier_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
historicaldata_sql
table_parts
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
version_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
connect_sql
prior_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_op
lateral_sql
limit_sql
offset_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
loaddata_sql
null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
withfill_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognizemeasure_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
queryoption_sql
offset_limit_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
set_operations
union_sql
union_op
prewhere_sql
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
bracket_offset_expressions
bracket_sql
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
convert_concat_args
concat_sql
concatws_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
jsonpath_sql
json_path_part
formatjson_sql
jsonobject_sql
jsonobjectagg_sql
jsonarray_sql
jsonarrayagg_sql
jsoncolumndef_sql
jsonschema_sql
jsontable_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
in_unnest_op
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
pivotalias_sql
aliases_sql
atindex_sql
attimezone_sql
fromtimezone_sql
add_sql
and_sql
or_sql
xor_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
currenttimestamp_sql
collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
mergetreettlaction_sql
mergetreettl_sql
transaction_sql
commit_sql
rollback_sql
altercolumn_sql
alterdiststyle_sql
altersortkey_sql
renametable_sql
renamecolumn_sql
altertable_sql
add_column_sql
droppartition_sql
addconstraint_sql
distinct_sql
ignorenulls_sql
respectnulls_sql
havingmax_sql
intdiv_sql
dpipe_sql
div_sql
overlaps_sql
distance_sql
dot_sql
eq_sql
propertyeq_sql
escape_sql
glob_sql
gt_sql
gte_sql
ilike_sql
ilikeany_sql
is_sql
like_sql
likeany_sql
similarto_sql
lt_sql
lte_sql
mod_sql
mul_sql
neq_sql
nullsafeeq_sql
nullsafeneq_sql
slice_sql
sub_sql
try_sql
use_sql
binary
function_fallback_sql
func
format_args
too_wide
format_time
expressions
op_expressions
naked_property
tag_sql
token_sql
userdefinedfunction_sql
joinhint_sql
kwarg_sql
when_sql
merge_sql
tochar_sql
dictproperty_sql
dictrange_sql
dictsubproperty_sql
oncluster_sql
clusteredbyproperty_sql
anyvalue_sql
querytransform_sql
indexconstraintoption_sql
checkcolumnconstraint_sql
indexcolumnconstraint_sql
nvl2_sql
comprehension_sql
columnprefix_sql
opclass_sql
predict_sql
forin_sql
refresh_sql
operator_sql
toarray_sql
tsordstotime_sql
tsordstotimestamp_sql
tsordstodate_sql
unixdate_sql
lastday_sql
dateadd_sql
arrayany_sql
generateseries_sql
partitionrange_sql
truncatetable_sql
convert_sql
copyparameter_sql
credentials_sql
copy_sql
semicolon_sql