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## Expressions

Every AST node in SQLGlot is represented by a subclass of `Expression`.

This module contains the implementation of all supported `Expression` types. Additionally, it exposes a number of helper functions, which are mainly used to programmatically build SQL expressions, such as `sqlglot.expressions.select`.

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       1"""
       2## Expressions
       3
       4Every AST node in SQLGlot is represented by a subclass of `Expression`.
       5
       6This module contains the implementation of all supported `Expression` types. Additionally,
       7it exposes a number of helper functions, which are mainly used to programmatically build
       8SQL expressions, such as `sqlglot.expressions.select`.
       9
      10----
      11"""
      12
      13from __future__ import annotations
      14import datetime
      15import math
      16import numbers
      17import re
      18import textwrap
      19import typing as t
      20from collections import deque
      21from copy import deepcopy
      22from decimal import Decimal
      23from enum import auto
      24from functools import reduce
      25
      26from sqlglot.errors import ErrorLevel, ParseError
      27from sqlglot.helper import (
      28    AutoName,
      29    camel_to_snake_case,
      30    ensure_collection,
      31    ensure_list,
      32    seq_get,
      33    subclasses,
      34)
      35from sqlglot.tokens import Token, TokenError
      36
      37if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      38    from typing_extensions import Self
      39    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
      40    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import DialectType
      41
      42    Q = t.TypeVar("Q", bound="Query")
      43    S = t.TypeVar("S", bound="SetOperation")
      44
      45
      46class _Expression(type):
      47    def __new__(cls, clsname, bases, attrs):
      48        klass = super().__new__(cls, clsname, bases, attrs)
      49
      50        # When an Expression class is created, its key is automatically set to be
      51        # the lowercase version of the class' name.
      52        klass.key = clsname.lower()
      53
      54        # This is so that docstrings are not inherited in pdoc
      55        klass.__doc__ = klass.__doc__ or ""
      56
      57        return klass
      58
      59
      60SQLGLOT_META = "sqlglot.meta"
      61TABLE_PARTS = ("this", "db", "catalog")
      62COLUMN_PARTS = ("this", "table", "db", "catalog")
      63
      64
      65class Expression(metaclass=_Expression):
      66    """
      67    The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary
      68    context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression
      69    is optional or not.
      70
      71    Attributes:
      72        key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing
      73            and representing expressions as strings.
      74        arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps
      75            arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
      76        parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
      77        arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression
      78            uses to refer to it.
      79        index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
      80        comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in
      81            order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
      82        type: the `sqlglot.expressions.DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the
      83            optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
      84        meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.
      85
      86    Example:
      87        >>> class Foo(Expression):
      88        ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
      89
      90        The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called
      91        "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".
      92
      93    Args:
      94        args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.
      95    """
      96
      97    key = "expression"
      98    arg_types = {"this": True}
      99    __slots__ = ("args", "parent", "arg_key", "index", "comments", "_type", "_meta", "_hash")
     100
     101    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
     102        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
     103        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
     104        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
     105        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
     106        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
     107        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
     108        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
     109        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
     110
     111        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
     112            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     113
     114    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
     115        return type(self) is type(other) and hash(self) == hash(other)
     116
     117    @property
     118    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
     119        return frozenset(
     120            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
     121            for k, v in self.args.items()
     122            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
     123        )
     124
     125    def __hash__(self) -> int:
     126        if self._hash is not None:
     127            return self._hash
     128
     129        return hash((self.__class__, self.hashable_args))
     130
     131    @property
     132    def this(self) -> t.Any:
     133        """
     134        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
     135        """
     136        return self.args.get("this")
     137
     138    @property
     139    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
     140        """
     141        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
     142        """
     143        return self.args.get("expression")
     144
     145    @property
     146    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
     147        """
     148        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
     149        """
     150        return self.args.get("expressions") or []
     151
     152    def text(self, key) -> str:
     153        """
     154        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
     155        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
     156        """
     157        field = self.args.get(key)
     158        if isinstance(field, str):
     159            return field
     160        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
     161            return field.this
     162        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
     163            return field.name
     164        return ""
     165
     166    @property
     167    def is_string(self) -> bool:
     168        """
     169        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
     170        """
     171        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]
     172
     173    @property
     174    def is_number(self) -> bool:
     175        """
     176        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
     177        """
     178        return (isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]) or (
     179            isinstance(self, Neg) and self.this.is_number
     180        )
     181
     182    def to_py(self) -> t.Any:
     183        """
     184        Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.
     185        """
     186        raise ValueError(f"{self} cannot be converted to a Python object.")
     187
     188    @property
     189    def is_int(self) -> bool:
     190        """
     191        Checks whether an expression is an integer.
     192        """
     193        return self.is_number and isinstance(self.to_py(), int)
     194
     195    @property
     196    def is_star(self) -> bool:
     197        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
     198        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))
     199
     200    @property
     201    def alias(self) -> str:
     202        """
     203        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
     204        """
     205        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
     206            return self.args["alias"].name
     207        return self.text("alias")
     208
     209    @property
     210    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
     211        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
     212        if not table_alias:
     213            return []
     214        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]
     215
     216    @property
     217    def name(self) -> str:
     218        return self.text("this")
     219
     220    @property
     221    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
     222        return self.alias or self.name
     223
     224    @property
     225    def output_name(self) -> str:
     226        """
     227        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
     228
     229        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
     230
     231        Example:
     232            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     233            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
     234            'a'
     235            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
     236            'c'
     237            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
     238            ''
     239        """
     240        return ""
     241
     242    @property
     243    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
     244        return self._type
     245
     246    @type.setter
     247    def type(self, dtype: t.Optional[DataType | DataType.Type | str]) -> None:
     248        if dtype and not isinstance(dtype, DataType):
     249            dtype = DataType.build(dtype)
     250        self._type = dtype  # type: ignore
     251
     252    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
     253        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)
     254
     255    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
     256        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())
     257
     258    @property
     259    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
     260        if self._meta is None:
     261            self._meta = {}
     262        return self._meta
     263
     264    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
     265        root = self.__class__()
     266        stack = [(self, root)]
     267
     268        while stack:
     269            node, copy = stack.pop()
     270
     271            if node.comments is not None:
     272                copy.comments = deepcopy(node.comments)
     273            if node._type is not None:
     274                copy._type = deepcopy(node._type)
     275            if node._meta is not None:
     276                copy._meta = deepcopy(node._meta)
     277            if node._hash is not None:
     278                copy._hash = node._hash
     279
     280            for k, vs in node.args.items():
     281                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     282                    stack.append((vs, vs.__class__()))
     283                    copy.set(k, stack[-1][-1])
     284                elif type(vs) is list:
     285                    copy.args[k] = []
     286
     287                    for v in vs:
     288                        if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     289                            stack.append((v, v.__class__()))
     290                            copy.append(k, stack[-1][-1])
     291                        else:
     292                            copy.append(k, v)
     293                else:
     294                    copy.args[k] = vs
     295
     296        return root
     297
     298    def copy(self) -> Self:
     299        """
     300        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
     301        """
     302        return deepcopy(self)
     303
     304    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None, prepend: bool = False) -> None:
     305        if self.comments is None:
     306            self.comments = []
     307
     308        if comments:
     309            for comment in comments:
     310                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
     311                if meta:
     312                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
     313                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
     314                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
     315                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
     316
     317                if not prepend:
     318                    self.comments.append(comment)
     319
     320            if prepend:
     321                self.comments = comments + self.comments
     322
     323    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
     324        comments = self.comments or []
     325        self.comments = None
     326        return comments
     327
     328    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
     329        """
     330        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
     331
     332        Args:
     333            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
     334            value (Any): value to append to the list
     335        """
     336        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
     337            self.args[arg_key] = []
     338        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     339        values = self.args[arg_key]
     340        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     341            value.index = len(values)
     342        values.append(value)
     343
     344    def set(
     345        self,
     346        arg_key: str,
     347        value: t.Any,
     348        index: t.Optional[int] = None,
     349        overwrite: bool = True,
     350    ) -> None:
     351        """
     352        Sets arg_key to value.
     353
     354        Args:
     355            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
     356            value: value to set the arg to.
     357            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
     358            overwrite: assuming an index is given, this determines whether to overwrite the
     359                list entry instead of only inserting a new value (i.e., like list.insert).
     360        """
     361        if index is not None:
     362            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
     363
     364            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
     365                return
     366            if value is None:
     367                expressions.pop(index)
     368                for v in expressions[index:]:
     369                    v.index = v.index - 1
     370                return
     371
     372            if isinstance(value, list):
     373                expressions.pop(index)
     374                expressions[index:index] = value
     375            elif overwrite:
     376                expressions[index] = value
     377            else:
     378                expressions.insert(index, value)
     379
     380            value = expressions
     381        elif value is None:
     382            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
     383            return
     384
     385        self.args[arg_key] = value
     386        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)
     387
     388    def _set_parent(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
     389        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     390            value.parent = self
     391            value.arg_key = arg_key
     392            value.index = index
     393        elif type(value) is list:
     394            for index, v in enumerate(value):
     395                if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     396                    v.parent = self
     397                    v.arg_key = arg_key
     398                    v.index = index
     399
     400    @property
     401    def depth(self) -> int:
     402        """
     403        Returns the depth of this tree.
     404        """
     405        if self.parent:
     406            return self.parent.depth + 1
     407        return 0
     408
     409    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     410        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
     411        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
     412        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():  # type: ignore
     413            if type(vs) is list:
     414                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:  # type: ignore
     415                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     416                        yield v
     417            else:
     418                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     419                    yield vs
     420
     421    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
     422        """
     423        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
     424        the specified types.
     425
     426        Args:
     427            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     428            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     429
     430        Returns:
     431            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
     432        """
     433        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)
     434
     435    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
     436        """
     437        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
     438        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
     439
     440        Args:
     441            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     442            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     443
     444        Returns:
     445            The generator object.
     446        """
     447        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
     448            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
     449                yield expression
     450
     451    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
     452        """
     453        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
     454
     455        Args:
     456            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     457
     458        Returns:
     459            The parent node.
     460        """
     461        ancestor = self.parent
     462        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
     463            ancestor = ancestor.parent
     464        return ancestor  # type: ignore
     465
     466    @property
     467    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
     468        """
     469        Returns the parent select statement.
     470        """
     471        return self.find_ancestor(Select)
     472
     473    @property
     474    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
     475        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
     476        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__
     477
     478    def root(self) -> Expression:
     479        """
     480        Returns the root expression of this tree.
     481        """
     482        expression = self
     483        while expression.parent:
     484            expression = expression.parent
     485        return expression
     486
     487    def walk(
     488        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     489    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     490        """
     491        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
     492
     493        Args:
     494            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
     495                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
     496            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
     497                this branch of the tree.
     498
     499        Returns:
     500            the generator object.
     501        """
     502        if bfs:
     503            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
     504        else:
     505            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)
     506
     507    def dfs(
     508        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     509    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     510        """
     511        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     512        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
     513
     514        Returns:
     515            The generator object.
     516        """
     517        stack = [self]
     518
     519        while stack:
     520            node = stack.pop()
     521
     522            yield node
     523
     524            if prune and prune(node):
     525                continue
     526
     527            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
     528                stack.append(v)
     529
     530    def bfs(
     531        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     532    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     533        """
     534        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     535        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
     536
     537        Returns:
     538            The generator object.
     539        """
     540        queue = deque([self])
     541
     542        while queue:
     543            node = queue.popleft()
     544
     545            yield node
     546
     547            if prune and prune(node):
     548                continue
     549
     550            for v in node.iter_expressions():
     551                queue.append(v)
     552
     553    def unnest(self):
     554        """
     555        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
     556        """
     557        expression = self
     558        while type(expression) is Paren:
     559            expression = expression.this
     560        return expression
     561
     562    def unalias(self):
     563        """
     564        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
     565        """
     566        if isinstance(self, Alias):
     567            return self.this
     568        return self
     569
     570    def unnest_operands(self):
     571        """
     572        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
     573        """
     574        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())
     575
     576    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
     577        """
     578        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
     579
     580        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
     581        """
     582        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
     583            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
     584                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node
     585
     586    def __str__(self) -> str:
     587        return self.sql()
     588
     589    def __repr__(self) -> str:
     590        return _to_s(self)
     591
     592    def to_s(self) -> str:
     593        """
     594        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
     595        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
     596        """
     597        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)
     598
     599    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
     600        """
     601        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
     602
     603        Args:
     604            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
     605            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
     606
     607        Returns:
     608            The SQL string.
     609        """
     610        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
     611
     612        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)
     613
     614    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
     615        """
     616        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
     617        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
     618
     619        Args:
     620            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
     621                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
     622                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
     623            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
     624                modified in place.
     625
     626        Returns:
     627            The transformed tree.
     628        """
     629        root = None
     630        new_node = None
     631
     632        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
     633            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
     634            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
     635
     636            if not root:
     637                root = new_node
     638            elif new_node is not node:
     639                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
     640
     641        assert root
     642        return root.assert_is(Expression)
     643
     644    @t.overload
     645    def replace(self, expression: E) -> E: ...
     646
     647    @t.overload
     648    def replace(self, expression: None) -> None: ...
     649
     650    def replace(self, expression):
     651        """
     652        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
     653
     654        For example::
     655
     656            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
     657            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
     658            Column(
     659              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
     660            >>> tree.sql()
     661            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
     662
     663        Args:
     664            expression: new node
     665
     666        Returns:
     667            The new expression or expressions.
     668        """
     669        parent = self.parent
     670
     671        if not parent or parent is expression:
     672            return expression
     673
     674        key = self.arg_key
     675        value = parent.args.get(key)
     676
     677        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
     678            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
     679            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
     680            value.parent.replace(expression)
     681        else:
     682            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
     683
     684        if expression is not self:
     685            self.parent = None
     686            self.arg_key = None
     687            self.index = None
     688
     689        return expression
     690
     691    def pop(self: E) -> E:
     692        """
     693        Remove this expression from its AST.
     694
     695        Returns:
     696            The popped expression.
     697        """
     698        self.replace(None)
     699        return self
     700
     701    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
     702        """
     703        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
     704
     705        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
     706        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
     707
     708        Examples:
     709            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
     710
     711            >>> import sqlglot
     712            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
     713            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
     714        """
     715        if not isinstance(self, type_):
     716            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
     717        return self
     718
     719    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
     720        """
     721        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
     722
     723        Args:
     724            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
     725                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
     726
     727        Returns:
     728            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
     729        """
     730        errors: t.List[str] = []
     731
     732        for k in self.args:
     733            if k not in self.arg_types:
     734                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
     735        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
     736            v = self.args.get(k)
     737            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
     738                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
     739
     740        if (
     741            args
     742            and isinstance(self, Func)
     743            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
     744            and not self.is_var_len_args
     745        ):
     746            errors.append(
     747                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
     748                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
     749            )
     750
     751        return errors
     752
     753    def dump(self):
     754        """
     755        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
     756        """
     757        from sqlglot.serde import dump
     758
     759        return dump(self)
     760
     761    @classmethod
     762    def load(cls, obj):
     763        """
     764        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
     765        """
     766        from sqlglot.serde import load
     767
     768        return load(obj)
     769
     770    def and_(
     771        self,
     772        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     773        dialect: DialectType = None,
     774        copy: bool = True,
     775        wrap: bool = True,
     776        **opts,
     777    ) -> Condition:
     778        """
     779        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     780
     781        Example:
     782            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
     783            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
     784
     785        Args:
     786            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     787                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     788            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     789            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     790            wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
     791                precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
     792                causes recursion-related issues.
     793            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     794
     795        Returns:
     796            The new And condition.
     797        """
     798        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts)
     799
     800    def or_(
     801        self,
     802        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     803        dialect: DialectType = None,
     804        copy: bool = True,
     805        wrap: bool = True,
     806        **opts,
     807    ) -> Condition:
     808        """
     809        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     810
     811        Example:
     812            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
     813            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
     814
     815        Args:
     816            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     817                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     818            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     819            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     820            wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
     821                precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
     822                causes recursion-related issues.
     823            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     824
     825        Returns:
     826            The new Or condition.
     827        """
     828        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts)
     829
     830    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
     831        """
     832        Wrap this condition with NOT.
     833
     834        Example:
     835            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
     836            'NOT x = 1'
     837
     838        Args:
     839            copy: whether to copy this object.
     840
     841        Returns:
     842            The new Not instance.
     843        """
     844        return not_(self, copy=copy)
     845
     846    def as_(
     847        self,
     848        alias: str | Identifier,
     849        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
     850        dialect: DialectType = None,
     851        copy: bool = True,
     852        **opts,
     853    ) -> Alias:
     854        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     855
     856    def _binop(self, klass: t.Type[E], other: t.Any, reverse: bool = False) -> E:
     857        this = self.copy()
     858        other = convert(other, copy=True)
     859        if not isinstance(this, klass) and not isinstance(other, klass):
     860            this = _wrap(this, Binary)
     861            other = _wrap(other, Binary)
     862        if reverse:
     863            return klass(this=other, expression=this)
     864        return klass(this=this, expression=other)
     865
     866    def __getitem__(self, other: ExpOrStr | t.Tuple[ExpOrStr]) -> Bracket:
     867        return Bracket(
     868            this=self.copy(), expressions=[convert(e, copy=True) for e in ensure_list(other)]
     869        )
     870
     871    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator:
     872        if "expressions" in self.arg_types:
     873            return iter(self.args.get("expressions") or [])
     874        # We define this because __getitem__ converts Expression into an iterable, which is
     875        # problematic because one can hit infinite loops if they do "for x in some_expr: ..."
     876        # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0234/
     877        raise TypeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object is not iterable")
     878
     879    def isin(
     880        self,
     881        *expressions: t.Any,
     882        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
     883        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
     884        copy: bool = True,
     885        **opts,
     886    ) -> In:
     887        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
     888        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
     889            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
     890
     891        return In(
     892            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     893            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
     894            query=subquery,
     895            unnest=(
     896                Unnest(
     897                    expressions=[
     898                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
     899                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
     900                    ]
     901                )
     902                if unnest
     903                else None
     904            ),
     905        )
     906
     907    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
     908        return Between(
     909            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     910            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
     911            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
     912        )
     913
     914    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
     915        return self._binop(Is, other)
     916
     917    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
     918        return self._binop(Like, other)
     919
     920    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
     921        return self._binop(ILike, other)
     922
     923    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
     924        return self._binop(EQ, other)
     925
     926    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
     927        return self._binop(NEQ, other)
     928
     929    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
     930        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)
     931
     932    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
     933        div = self._binop(Div, other)
     934        div.args["typed"] = typed
     935        div.args["safe"] = safe
     936        return div
     937
     938    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
     939        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)
     940
     941    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
     942        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)
     943
     944    def __lt__(self, other: t.Any) -> LT:
     945        return self._binop(LT, other)
     946
     947    def __le__(self, other: t.Any) -> LTE:
     948        return self._binop(LTE, other)
     949
     950    def __gt__(self, other: t.Any) -> GT:
     951        return self._binop(GT, other)
     952
     953    def __ge__(self, other: t.Any) -> GTE:
     954        return self._binop(GTE, other)
     955
     956    def __add__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     957        return self._binop(Add, other)
     958
     959    def __radd__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     960        return self._binop(Add, other, reverse=True)
     961
     962    def __sub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     963        return self._binop(Sub, other)
     964
     965    def __rsub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     966        return self._binop(Sub, other, reverse=True)
     967
     968    def __mul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     969        return self._binop(Mul, other)
     970
     971    def __rmul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     972        return self._binop(Mul, other, reverse=True)
     973
     974    def __truediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     975        return self._binop(Div, other)
     976
     977    def __rtruediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     978        return self._binop(Div, other, reverse=True)
     979
     980    def __floordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     981        return self._binop(IntDiv, other)
     982
     983    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     984        return self._binop(IntDiv, other, reverse=True)
     985
     986    def __mod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     987        return self._binop(Mod, other)
     988
     989    def __rmod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     990        return self._binop(Mod, other, reverse=True)
     991
     992    def __pow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     993        return self._binop(Pow, other)
     994
     995    def __rpow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     996        return self._binop(Pow, other, reverse=True)
     997
     998    def __and__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
     999        return self._binop(And, other)
    1000
    1001    def __rand__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
    1002        return self._binop(And, other, reverse=True)
    1003
    1004    def __or__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
    1005        return self._binop(Or, other)
    1006
    1007    def __ror__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
    1008        return self._binop(Or, other, reverse=True)
    1009
    1010    def __neg__(self) -> Neg:
    1011        return Neg(this=_wrap(self.copy(), Binary))
    1012
    1013    def __invert__(self) -> Not:
    1014        return not_(self.copy())
    1015
    1016
    1017IntoType = t.Union[
    1018    str,
    1019    t.Type[Expression],
    1020    t.Collection[t.Union[str, t.Type[Expression]]],
    1021]
    1022ExpOrStr = t.Union[str, Expression]
    1023
    1024
    1025class Condition(Expression):
    1026    """Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x"""
    1027
    1028
    1029class Predicate(Condition):
    1030    """Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y."""
    1031
    1032
    1033class DerivedTable(Expression):
    1034    @property
    1035    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1036        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []
    1037
    1038    @property
    1039    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1040        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]
    1041
    1042
    1043class Query(Expression):
    1044    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1045        """
    1046        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1047
    1048        Example:
    1049            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1050            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1051            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1052
    1053        Args:
    1054            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1055            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1056        """
    1057        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1058        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1059            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1060
    1061        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)
    1062
    1063    def limit(
    1064        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1065    ) -> Q:
    1066        """
    1067        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1068
    1069        Example:
    1070            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1071            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1072
    1073        Args:
    1074            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1075                This can also be an integer.
    1076                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1077                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1078            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1079            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1080            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1081
    1082        Returns:
    1083            A limited Select expression.
    1084        """
    1085        return _apply_builder(
    1086            expression=expression,
    1087            instance=self,
    1088            arg="limit",
    1089            into=Limit,
    1090            prefix="LIMIT",
    1091            dialect=dialect,
    1092            copy=copy,
    1093            into_arg="expression",
    1094            **opts,
    1095        )
    1096
    1097    def offset(
    1098        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1099    ) -> Q:
    1100        """
    1101        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1102
    1103        Example:
    1104            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1105            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1106
    1107        Args:
    1108            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1109                This can also be an integer.
    1110                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1111                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1112            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1113            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1114            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1115
    1116        Returns:
    1117            The modified Select expression.
    1118        """
    1119        return _apply_builder(
    1120            expression=expression,
    1121            instance=self,
    1122            arg="offset",
    1123            into=Offset,
    1124            prefix="OFFSET",
    1125            dialect=dialect,
    1126            copy=copy,
    1127            into_arg="expression",
    1128            **opts,
    1129        )
    1130
    1131    def order_by(
    1132        self: Q,
    1133        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1134        append: bool = True,
    1135        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1136        copy: bool = True,
    1137        **opts,
    1138    ) -> Q:
    1139        """
    1140        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1141
    1142        Example:
    1143            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1144            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1145
    1146        Args:
    1147            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1148                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1149                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1150            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1151                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1152            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1153            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1154            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1155
    1156        Returns:
    1157            The modified Select expression.
    1158        """
    1159        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1160            *expressions,
    1161            instance=self,
    1162            arg="order",
    1163            append=append,
    1164            copy=copy,
    1165            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1166            into=Order,
    1167            dialect=dialect,
    1168            **opts,
    1169        )
    1170
    1171    @property
    1172    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1173        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1174        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1175        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1176
    1177    @property
    1178    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1179        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1180        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")
    1181
    1182    @property
    1183    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1184        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1185        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")
    1186
    1187    def select(
    1188        self: Q,
    1189        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1190        append: bool = True,
    1191        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1192        copy: bool = True,
    1193        **opts,
    1194    ) -> Q:
    1195        """
    1196        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1197
    1198        Example:
    1199            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1200            'SELECT x, y'
    1201
    1202        Args:
    1203            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1204                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1205            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1206                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1207            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1208            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1209            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1210
    1211        Returns:
    1212            The modified Query expression.
    1213        """
    1214        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")
    1215
    1216    def with_(
    1217        self: Q,
    1218        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1219        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1220        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1221        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1222        append: bool = True,
    1223        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1224        copy: bool = True,
    1225        **opts,
    1226    ) -> Q:
    1227        """
    1228        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1229
    1230        Example:
    1231            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1232            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1233
    1234        Args:
    1235            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1236                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1237            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1238                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1239            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1240            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    1241            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1242                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1243            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1244            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1245            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1246
    1247        Returns:
    1248            The modified expression.
    1249        """
    1250        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1251            self,
    1252            alias,
    1253            as_,
    1254            recursive=recursive,
    1255            materialized=materialized,
    1256            append=append,
    1257            dialect=dialect,
    1258            copy=copy,
    1259            **opts,
    1260        )
    1261
    1262    def union(
    1263        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1264    ) -> Union:
    1265        """
    1266        Builds a UNION expression.
    1267
    1268        Example:
    1269            >>> import sqlglot
    1270            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1271            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1272
    1273        Args:
    1274            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1275                If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1276            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1277            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1278            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1279
    1280        Returns:
    1281            The new Union expression.
    1282        """
    1283        return union(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1284
    1285    def intersect(
    1286        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1287    ) -> Intersect:
    1288        """
    1289        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1290
    1291        Example:
    1292            >>> import sqlglot
    1293            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1294            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1295
    1296        Args:
    1297            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1298                If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1299            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1300            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1301            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1302
    1303        Returns:
    1304            The new Intersect expression.
    1305        """
    1306        return intersect(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1307
    1308    def except_(
    1309        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1310    ) -> Except:
    1311        """
    1312        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1313
    1314        Example:
    1315            >>> import sqlglot
    1316            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1317            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1318
    1319        Args:
    1320            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1321                If `Expression` instance are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1322            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1323            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1324            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1325
    1326        Returns:
    1327            The new Except expression.
    1328        """
    1329        return except_(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1330
    1331
    1332class UDTF(DerivedTable):
    1333    @property
    1334    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1335        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1336        return alias.columns if alias else []
    1337
    1338
    1339class Cache(Expression):
    1340    arg_types = {
    1341        "this": True,
    1342        "lazy": False,
    1343        "options": False,
    1344        "expression": False,
    1345    }
    1346
    1347
    1348class Uncache(Expression):
    1349    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False}
    1350
    1351
    1352class Refresh(Expression):
    1353    pass
    1354
    1355
    1356class DDL(Expression):
    1357    @property
    1358    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1359        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1360        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1361        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1362
    1363    @property
    1364    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1365        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1366        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1367
    1368    @property
    1369    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1370        """
    1371        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1372        names of the query's projections.
    1373        """
    1374        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1375
    1376
    1377class DML(Expression):
    1378    def returning(
    1379        self,
    1380        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1381        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1382        copy: bool = True,
    1383        **opts,
    1384    ) -> "Self":
    1385        """
    1386        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1387
    1388        Example:
    1389            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1390            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1391
    1392        Args:
    1393            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1394                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1395            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1396            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1397            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1398
    1399        Returns:
    1400            Delete: the modified expression.
    1401        """
    1402        return _apply_builder(
    1403            expression=expression,
    1404            instance=self,
    1405            arg="returning",
    1406            prefix="RETURNING",
    1407            dialect=dialect,
    1408            copy=copy,
    1409            into=Returning,
    1410            **opts,
    1411        )
    1412
    1413
    1414class Create(DDL):
    1415    arg_types = {
    1416        "with": False,
    1417        "this": True,
    1418        "kind": True,
    1419        "expression": False,
    1420        "exists": False,
    1421        "properties": False,
    1422        "replace": False,
    1423        "refresh": False,
    1424        "unique": False,
    1425        "indexes": False,
    1426        "no_schema_binding": False,
    1427        "begin": False,
    1428        "end": False,
    1429        "clone": False,
    1430        "concurrently": False,
    1431        "clustered": False,
    1432    }
    1433
    1434    @property
    1435    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1436        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1437        return kind and kind.upper()
    1438
    1439
    1440class SequenceProperties(Expression):
    1441    arg_types = {
    1442        "increment": False,
    1443        "minvalue": False,
    1444        "maxvalue": False,
    1445        "cache": False,
    1446        "start": False,
    1447        "owned": False,
    1448        "options": False,
    1449    }
    1450
    1451
    1452class TruncateTable(Expression):
    1453    arg_types = {
    1454        "expressions": True,
    1455        "is_database": False,
    1456        "exists": False,
    1457        "only": False,
    1458        "cluster": False,
    1459        "identity": False,
    1460        "option": False,
    1461        "partition": False,
    1462    }
    1463
    1464
    1465# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-clone
    1466# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_table_clone_statement
    1467# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-definition-language#create_table_copy
    1468class Clone(Expression):
    1469    arg_types = {"this": True, "shallow": False, "copy": False}
    1470
    1471
    1472class Describe(Expression):
    1473    arg_types = {
    1474        "this": True,
    1475        "style": False,
    1476        "kind": False,
    1477        "expressions": False,
    1478        "partition": False,
    1479        "format": False,
    1480    }
    1481
    1482
    1483# https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/attach.html#attach
    1484class Attach(Expression):
    1485    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False, "expressions": False}
    1486
    1487
    1488# https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/attach.html#detach
    1489class Detach(Expression):
    1490    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False}
    1491
    1492
    1493# https://duckdb.org/docs/guides/meta/summarize.html
    1494class Summarize(Expression):
    1495    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False}
    1496
    1497
    1498class Kill(Expression):
    1499    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    1500
    1501
    1502class Pragma(Expression):
    1503    pass
    1504
    1505
    1506class Declare(Expression):
    1507    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    1508
    1509
    1510class DeclareItem(Expression):
    1511    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "default": False}
    1512
    1513
    1514class Set(Expression):
    1515    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "unset": False, "tag": False}
    1516
    1517
    1518class Heredoc(Expression):
    1519    arg_types = {"this": True, "tag": False}
    1520
    1521
    1522class SetItem(Expression):
    1523    arg_types = {
    1524        "this": False,
    1525        "expressions": False,
    1526        "kind": False,
    1527        "collate": False,  # MySQL SET NAMES statement
    1528        "global": False,
    1529    }
    1530
    1531
    1532class Show(Expression):
    1533    arg_types = {
    1534        "this": True,
    1535        "history": False,
    1536        "terse": False,
    1537        "target": False,
    1538        "offset": False,
    1539        "starts_with": False,
    1540        "limit": False,
    1541        "from": False,
    1542        "like": False,
    1543        "where": False,
    1544        "db": False,
    1545        "scope": False,
    1546        "scope_kind": False,
    1547        "full": False,
    1548        "mutex": False,
    1549        "query": False,
    1550        "channel": False,
    1551        "global": False,
    1552        "log": False,
    1553        "position": False,
    1554        "types": False,
    1555    }
    1556
    1557
    1558class UserDefinedFunction(Expression):
    1559    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "wrapped": False}
    1560
    1561
    1562class CharacterSet(Expression):
    1563    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}
    1564
    1565
    1566class With(Expression):
    1567    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "recursive": False}
    1568
    1569    @property
    1570    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1571        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))
    1572
    1573
    1574class WithinGroup(Expression):
    1575    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    1576
    1577
    1578# clickhouse supports scalar ctes
    1579# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/with
    1580class CTE(DerivedTable):
    1581    arg_types = {
    1582        "this": True,
    1583        "alias": True,
    1584        "scalar": False,
    1585        "materialized": False,
    1586    }
    1587
    1588
    1589class ProjectionDef(Expression):
    1590    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    1591
    1592
    1593class TableAlias(Expression):
    1594    arg_types = {"this": False, "columns": False}
    1595
    1596    @property
    1597    def columns(self):
    1598        return self.args.get("columns") or []
    1599
    1600
    1601class BitString(Condition):
    1602    pass
    1603
    1604
    1605class HexString(Condition):
    1606    pass
    1607
    1608
    1609class ByteString(Condition):
    1610    pass
    1611
    1612
    1613class RawString(Condition):
    1614    pass
    1615
    1616
    1617class UnicodeString(Condition):
    1618    arg_types = {"this": True, "escape": False}
    1619
    1620
    1621class Column(Condition):
    1622    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False, "db": False, "catalog": False, "join_mark": False}
    1623
    1624    @property
    1625    def table(self) -> str:
    1626        return self.text("table")
    1627
    1628    @property
    1629    def db(self) -> str:
    1630        return self.text("db")
    1631
    1632    @property
    1633    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1634        return self.text("catalog")
    1635
    1636    @property
    1637    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1638        return self.name
    1639
    1640    @property
    1641    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1642        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1643        return [
    1644            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1645            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1646            if self.args.get(part)
    1647        ]
    1648
    1649    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1650        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1651        parts = self.parts
    1652        parent = self.parent
    1653
    1654        while parent:
    1655            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1656                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1657            parent = parent.parent
    1658
    1659        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]
    1660
    1661
    1662class ColumnPosition(Expression):
    1663    arg_types = {"this": False, "position": True}
    1664
    1665
    1666class ColumnDef(Expression):
    1667    arg_types = {
    1668        "this": True,
    1669        "kind": False,
    1670        "constraints": False,
    1671        "exists": False,
    1672        "position": False,
    1673    }
    1674
    1675    @property
    1676    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1677        return self.args.get("constraints") or []
    1678
    1679    @property
    1680    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1681        return self.args.get("kind")
    1682
    1683
    1684class AlterColumn(Expression):
    1685    arg_types = {
    1686        "this": True,
    1687        "dtype": False,
    1688        "collate": False,
    1689        "using": False,
    1690        "default": False,
    1691        "drop": False,
    1692        "comment": False,
    1693        "allow_null": False,
    1694    }
    1695
    1696
    1697# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_ALTER_TABLE.html
    1698class AlterDistStyle(Expression):
    1699    pass
    1700
    1701
    1702class AlterSortKey(Expression):
    1703    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "compound": False}
    1704
    1705
    1706class AlterSet(Expression):
    1707    arg_types = {
    1708        "expressions": False,
    1709        "option": False,
    1710        "tablespace": False,
    1711        "access_method": False,
    1712        "file_format": False,
    1713        "copy_options": False,
    1714        "tag": False,
    1715        "location": False,
    1716        "serde": False,
    1717    }
    1718
    1719
    1720class RenameColumn(Expression):
    1721    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True, "exists": False}
    1722
    1723
    1724class AlterRename(Expression):
    1725    pass
    1726
    1727
    1728class SwapTable(Expression):
    1729    pass
    1730
    1731
    1732class Comment(Expression):
    1733    arg_types = {
    1734        "this": True,
    1735        "kind": True,
    1736        "expression": True,
    1737        "exists": False,
    1738        "materialized": False,
    1739    }
    1740
    1741
    1742class Comprehension(Expression):
    1743    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "iterator": True, "condition": False}
    1744
    1745
    1746# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree#mergetree-table-ttl
    1747class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression):
    1748    arg_types = {
    1749        "this": True,
    1750        "delete": False,
    1751        "recompress": False,
    1752        "to_disk": False,
    1753        "to_volume": False,
    1754    }
    1755
    1756
    1757# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree#mergetree-table-ttl
    1758class MergeTreeTTL(Expression):
    1759    arg_types = {
    1760        "expressions": True,
    1761        "where": False,
    1762        "group": False,
    1763        "aggregates": False,
    1764    }
    1765
    1766
    1767# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
    1768class IndexConstraintOption(Expression):
    1769    arg_types = {
    1770        "key_block_size": False,
    1771        "using": False,
    1772        "parser": False,
    1773        "comment": False,
    1774        "visible": False,
    1775        "engine_attr": False,
    1776        "secondary_engine_attr": False,
    1777    }
    1778
    1779
    1780class ColumnConstraint(Expression):
    1781    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": True}
    1782
    1783    @property
    1784    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1785        return self.args["kind"]
    1786
    1787
    1788class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression):
    1789    pass
    1790
    1791
    1792class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1793    pass
    1794
    1795
    1796class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1797    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    1798
    1799
    1800class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1801    arg_types = {"not_": True}
    1802
    1803
    1804class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1805    arg_types = {"this": True}
    1806
    1807
    1808class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1809    arg_types = {"this": True, "enforced": False}
    1810
    1811
    1812class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1813    pass
    1814
    1815
    1816class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1817    pass
    1818
    1819
    1820class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1821    pass
    1822
    1823
    1824class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1825    arg_types = {"this": False}
    1826
    1827
    1828class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1829    arg_types = {"this": True}
    1830
    1831
    1832class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1833    pass
    1834
    1835
    1836class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1837    pass
    1838
    1839
    1840# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-EXCLUDE
    1841class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1842    pass
    1843
    1844
    1845class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1846    arg_types = {"this": False}
    1847
    1848
    1849class WithOperator(Expression):
    1850    arg_types = {"this": True, "op": True}
    1851
    1852
    1853class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1854    # this: True -> ALWAYS, this: False -> BY DEFAULT
    1855    arg_types = {
    1856        "this": False,
    1857        "expression": False,
    1858        "on_null": False,
    1859        "start": False,
    1860        "increment": False,
    1861        "minvalue": False,
    1862        "maxvalue": False,
    1863        "cycle": False,
    1864    }
    1865
    1866
    1867class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1868    arg_types = {"start": False, "hidden": False}
    1869
    1870
    1871# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
    1872# https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/src/Parsers/ParserCreateQuery.h#L646
    1873class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1874    arg_types = {
    1875        "this": False,
    1876        "expressions": False,
    1877        "kind": False,
    1878        "index_type": False,
    1879        "options": False,
    1880        "expression": False,  # Clickhouse
    1881        "granularity": False,
    1882    }
    1883
    1884
    1885class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1886    pass
    1887
    1888
    1889class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1890    pass
    1891
    1892
    1893class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1894    arg_types = {}
    1895
    1896
    1897# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    1898class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1899    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    1900
    1901
    1902class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1903    arg_types = {"allow_null": False}
    1904
    1905
    1906# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/timestamp-initialization.html
    1907class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1908    pass
    1909
    1910
    1911# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-external-table#optional-parameters
    1912class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1913    pass
    1914
    1915
    1916class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1917    arg_types = {"desc": False}
    1918
    1919
    1920class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1921    pass
    1922
    1923
    1924class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1925    arg_types = {"this": False, "index_type": False, "on_conflict": False, "nulls": False}
    1926
    1927
    1928class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1929    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    1930
    1931
    1932# https://docs.risingwave.com/processing/watermarks#syntax
    1933class WatermarkColumnConstraint(Expression):
    1934    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    1935
    1936
    1937class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1938    pass
    1939
    1940
    1941# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    1942class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1943    pass
    1944
    1945
    1946# computed column expression
    1947# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-table-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    1948class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1949    arg_types = {"this": True, "persisted": False, "not_null": False}
    1950
    1951
    1952class Constraint(Expression):
    1953    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    1954
    1955
    1956class Delete(DML):
    1957    arg_types = {
    1958        "with": False,
    1959        "this": False,
    1960        "using": False,
    1961        "where": False,
    1962        "returning": False,
    1963        "limit": False,
    1964        "tables": False,  # Multiple-Table Syntax (MySQL)
    1965        "cluster": False,  # Clickhouse
    1966    }
    1967
    1968    def delete(
    1969        self,
    1970        table: ExpOrStr,
    1971        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1972        copy: bool = True,
    1973        **opts,
    1974    ) -> Delete:
    1975        """
    1976        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1977
    1978        Example:
    1979            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1980            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1981
    1982        Args:
    1983            table: the table from which to delete.
    1984            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1985            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1986            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1987
    1988        Returns:
    1989            Delete: the modified expression.
    1990        """
    1991        return _apply_builder(
    1992            expression=table,
    1993            instance=self,
    1994            arg="this",
    1995            dialect=dialect,
    1996            into=Table,
    1997            copy=copy,
    1998            **opts,
    1999        )
    2000
    2001    def where(
    2002        self,
    2003        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2004        append: bool = True,
    2005        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2006        copy: bool = True,
    2007        **opts,
    2008    ) -> Delete:
    2009        """
    2010        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    2011
    2012        Example:
    2013            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    2014            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    2015
    2016        Args:
    2017            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2018                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2019                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2020            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2021                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2022            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2023            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2024            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2025
    2026        Returns:
    2027            Delete: the modified expression.
    2028        """
    2029        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2030            *expressions,
    2031            instance=self,
    2032            arg="where",
    2033            append=append,
    2034            into=Where,
    2035            dialect=dialect,
    2036            copy=copy,
    2037            **opts,
    2038        )
    2039
    2040
    2041class Drop(Expression):
    2042    arg_types = {
    2043        "this": False,
    2044        "kind": False,
    2045        "expressions": False,
    2046        "exists": False,
    2047        "temporary": False,
    2048        "materialized": False,
    2049        "cascade": False,
    2050        "constraints": False,
    2051        "purge": False,
    2052        "cluster": False,
    2053        "concurrently": False,
    2054    }
    2055
    2056    @property
    2057    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    2058        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    2059        return kind and kind.upper()
    2060
    2061
    2062class Filter(Expression):
    2063    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2064
    2065
    2066class Check(Expression):
    2067    pass
    2068
    2069
    2070class Changes(Expression):
    2071    arg_types = {"information": True, "at_before": False, "end": False}
    2072
    2073
    2074# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/connect-by
    2075class Connect(Expression):
    2076    arg_types = {"start": False, "connect": True, "nocycle": False}
    2077
    2078
    2079class CopyParameter(Expression):
    2080    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "expressions": False}
    2081
    2082
    2083class Copy(DML):
    2084    arg_types = {
    2085        "this": True,
    2086        "kind": True,
    2087        "files": True,
    2088        "credentials": False,
    2089        "format": False,
    2090        "params": False,
    2091    }
    2092
    2093
    2094class Credentials(Expression):
    2095    arg_types = {
    2096        "credentials": False,
    2097        "encryption": False,
    2098        "storage": False,
    2099        "iam_role": False,
    2100        "region": False,
    2101    }
    2102
    2103
    2104class Prior(Expression):
    2105    pass
    2106
    2107
    2108class Directory(Expression):
    2109    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-preview/sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory-hive.html
    2110    arg_types = {"this": True, "local": False, "row_format": False}
    2111
    2112
    2113class ForeignKey(Expression):
    2114    arg_types = {
    2115        "expressions": True,
    2116        "reference": False,
    2117        "delete": False,
    2118        "update": False,
    2119    }
    2120
    2121
    2122class ColumnPrefix(Expression):
    2123    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2124
    2125
    2126class PrimaryKey(Expression):
    2127    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "options": False}
    2128
    2129
    2130# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/sql-selectinto.html
    2131# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_SELECT_INTO.html#r_SELECT_INTO-examples
    2132class Into(Expression):
    2133    arg_types = {
    2134        "this": False,
    2135        "temporary": False,
    2136        "unlogged": False,
    2137        "bulk_collect": False,
    2138        "expressions": False,
    2139    }
    2140
    2141
    2142class From(Expression):
    2143    @property
    2144    def name(self) -> str:
    2145        return self.this.name
    2146
    2147    @property
    2148    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2149        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2150
    2151
    2152class Having(Expression):
    2153    pass
    2154
    2155
    2156class Hint(Expression):
    2157    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2158
    2159
    2160class JoinHint(Expression):
    2161    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    2162
    2163
    2164class Identifier(Expression):
    2165    arg_types = {"this": True, "quoted": False, "global": False, "temporary": False}
    2166
    2167    @property
    2168    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2169        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))
    2170
    2171    @property
    2172    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2173        return (self.this, self.quoted)
    2174
    2175    @property
    2176    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2177        return self.name
    2178
    2179
    2180# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-opclass.html
    2181class Opclass(Expression):
    2182    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2183
    2184
    2185class Index(Expression):
    2186    arg_types = {
    2187        "this": False,
    2188        "table": False,
    2189        "unique": False,
    2190        "primary": False,
    2191        "amp": False,  # teradata
    2192        "params": False,
    2193    }
    2194
    2195
    2196class IndexParameters(Expression):
    2197    arg_types = {
    2198        "using": False,
    2199        "include": False,
    2200        "columns": False,
    2201        "with_storage": False,
    2202        "partition_by": False,
    2203        "tablespace": False,
    2204        "where": False,
    2205        "on": False,
    2206    }
    2207
    2208
    2209class Insert(DDL, DML):
    2210    arg_types = {
    2211        "hint": False,
    2212        "with": False,
    2213        "is_function": False,
    2214        "this": False,
    2215        "expression": False,
    2216        "conflict": False,
    2217        "returning": False,
    2218        "overwrite": False,
    2219        "exists": False,
    2220        "alternative": False,
    2221        "where": False,
    2222        "ignore": False,
    2223        "by_name": False,
    2224        "stored": False,
    2225        "partition": False,
    2226        "settings": False,
    2227        "source": False,
    2228    }
    2229
    2230    def with_(
    2231        self,
    2232        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2233        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2234        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2235        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2236        append: bool = True,
    2237        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2238        copy: bool = True,
    2239        **opts,
    2240    ) -> Insert:
    2241        """
    2242        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2243
    2244        Example:
    2245            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2246            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2247
    2248        Args:
    2249            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2250                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2251            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2252                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2253            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2254            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    2255            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2256                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2257            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2258            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2259            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2260
    2261        Returns:
    2262            The modified expression.
    2263        """
    2264        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2265            self,
    2266            alias,
    2267            as_,
    2268            recursive=recursive,
    2269            materialized=materialized,
    2270            append=append,
    2271            dialect=dialect,
    2272            copy=copy,
    2273            **opts,
    2274        )
    2275
    2276
    2277class ConditionalInsert(Expression):
    2278    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "else_": False}
    2279
    2280
    2281class MultitableInserts(Expression):
    2282    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "kind": True, "source": True}
    2283
    2284
    2285class OnConflict(Expression):
    2286    arg_types = {
    2287        "duplicate": False,
    2288        "expressions": False,
    2289        "action": False,
    2290        "conflict_keys": False,
    2291        "constraint": False,
    2292    }
    2293
    2294
    2295class OnCondition(Expression):
    2296    arg_types = {"error": False, "empty": False, "null": False}
    2297
    2298
    2299class Returning(Expression):
    2300    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "into": False}
    2301
    2302
    2303# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-introducer.html
    2304class Introducer(Expression):
    2305    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2306
    2307
    2308# national char, like n'utf8'
    2309class National(Expression):
    2310    pass
    2311
    2312
    2313class LoadData(Expression):
    2314    arg_types = {
    2315        "this": True,
    2316        "local": False,
    2317        "overwrite": False,
    2318        "inpath": True,
    2319        "partition": False,
    2320        "input_format": False,
    2321        "serde": False,
    2322    }
    2323
    2324
    2325class Partition(Expression):
    2326    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2327
    2328
    2329class PartitionRange(Expression):
    2330    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2331
    2332
    2333# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition#how-to-set-partition-expression
    2334class PartitionId(Expression):
    2335    pass
    2336
    2337
    2338class Fetch(Expression):
    2339    arg_types = {
    2340        "direction": False,
    2341        "count": False,
    2342        "percent": False,
    2343        "with_ties": False,
    2344    }
    2345
    2346
    2347class Grant(Expression):
    2348    arg_types = {
    2349        "privileges": True,
    2350        "kind": False,
    2351        "securable": True,
    2352        "principals": True,
    2353        "grant_option": False,
    2354    }
    2355
    2356
    2357class Group(Expression):
    2358    arg_types = {
    2359        "expressions": False,
    2360        "grouping_sets": False,
    2361        "cube": False,
    2362        "rollup": False,
    2363        "totals": False,
    2364        "all": False,
    2365    }
    2366
    2367
    2368class Cube(Expression):
    2369    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    2370
    2371
    2372class Rollup(Expression):
    2373    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    2374
    2375
    2376class GroupingSets(Expression):
    2377    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2378
    2379
    2380class Lambda(Expression):
    2381    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    2382
    2383
    2384class Limit(Expression):
    2385    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "offset": False, "expressions": False}
    2386
    2387
    2388class Literal(Condition):
    2389    arg_types = {"this": True, "is_string": True}
    2390
    2391    @property
    2392    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2393        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))
    2394
    2395    @classmethod
    2396    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2397        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)
    2398
    2399    @classmethod
    2400    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2401        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)
    2402
    2403    @property
    2404    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2405        return self.name
    2406
    2407    def to_py(self) -> int | str | Decimal:
    2408        if self.is_number:
    2409            try:
    2410                return int(self.this)
    2411            except ValueError:
    2412                return Decimal(self.this)
    2413        return self.this
    2414
    2415
    2416class Join(Expression):
    2417    arg_types = {
    2418        "this": True,
    2419        "on": False,
    2420        "side": False,
    2421        "kind": False,
    2422        "using": False,
    2423        "method": False,
    2424        "global": False,
    2425        "hint": False,
    2426        "match_condition": False,  # Snowflake
    2427        "expressions": False,
    2428    }
    2429
    2430    @property
    2431    def method(self) -> str:
    2432        return self.text("method").upper()
    2433
    2434    @property
    2435    def kind(self) -> str:
    2436        return self.text("kind").upper()
    2437
    2438    @property
    2439    def side(self) -> str:
    2440        return self.text("side").upper()
    2441
    2442    @property
    2443    def hint(self) -> str:
    2444        return self.text("hint").upper()
    2445
    2446    @property
    2447    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2448        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2449
    2450    def on(
    2451        self,
    2452        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2453        append: bool = True,
    2454        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2455        copy: bool = True,
    2456        **opts,
    2457    ) -> Join:
    2458        """
    2459        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2460
    2461        Example:
    2462            >>> import sqlglot
    2463            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2464            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2465
    2466        Args:
    2467            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2468                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2469                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2470            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2471                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2472            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2473            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2474            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2475
    2476        Returns:
    2477            The modified Join expression.
    2478        """
    2479        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2480            *expressions,
    2481            instance=self,
    2482            arg="on",
    2483            append=append,
    2484            dialect=dialect,
    2485            copy=copy,
    2486            **opts,
    2487        )
    2488
    2489        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2490            join.set("kind", None)
    2491
    2492        return join
    2493
    2494    def using(
    2495        self,
    2496        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2497        append: bool = True,
    2498        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2499        copy: bool = True,
    2500        **opts,
    2501    ) -> Join:
    2502        """
    2503        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2504
    2505        Example:
    2506            >>> import sqlglot
    2507            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2508            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2509
    2510        Args:
    2511            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2512                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2513            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2514                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2515            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2516            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2517            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2518
    2519        Returns:
    2520            The modified Join expression.
    2521        """
    2522        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2523            *expressions,
    2524            instance=self,
    2525            arg="using",
    2526            append=append,
    2527            dialect=dialect,
    2528            copy=copy,
    2529            **opts,
    2530        )
    2531
    2532        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2533            join.set("kind", None)
    2534
    2535        return join
    2536
    2537
    2538class Lateral(UDTF):
    2539    arg_types = {
    2540        "this": True,
    2541        "view": False,
    2542        "outer": False,
    2543        "alias": False,
    2544        "cross_apply": False,  # True -> CROSS APPLY, False -> OUTER APPLY
    2545    }
    2546
    2547
    2548class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression):
    2549    arg_types = {
    2550        "this": True,
    2551        "window_frame": False,
    2552    }
    2553
    2554
    2555class MatchRecognize(Expression):
    2556    arg_types = {
    2557        "partition_by": False,
    2558        "order": False,
    2559        "measures": False,
    2560        "rows": False,
    2561        "after": False,
    2562        "pattern": False,
    2563        "define": False,
    2564        "alias": False,
    2565    }
    2566
    2567
    2568# Clickhouse FROM FINAL modifier
    2569# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/from/#final-modifier
    2570class Final(Expression):
    2571    pass
    2572
    2573
    2574class Offset(Expression):
    2575    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "expressions": False}
    2576
    2577
    2578class Order(Expression):
    2579    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": True, "siblings": False}
    2580
    2581
    2582# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/order-by#order-by-expr-with-fill-modifier
    2583class WithFill(Expression):
    2584    arg_types = {
    2585        "from": False,
    2586        "to": False,
    2587        "step": False,
    2588        "interpolate": False,
    2589    }
    2590
    2591
    2592# hive specific sorts
    2593# https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+SortBy
    2594class Cluster(Order):
    2595    pass
    2596
    2597
    2598class Distribute(Order):
    2599    pass
    2600
    2601
    2602class Sort(Order):
    2603    pass
    2604
    2605
    2606class Ordered(Expression):
    2607    arg_types = {"this": True, "desc": False, "nulls_first": True, "with_fill": False}
    2608
    2609
    2610class Property(Expression):
    2611    arg_types = {"this": True, "value": True}
    2612
    2613
    2614class GrantPrivilege(Expression):
    2615    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    2616
    2617
    2618class GrantPrincipal(Expression):
    2619    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    2620
    2621
    2622class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression):
    2623    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2624
    2625
    2626class AlgorithmProperty(Property):
    2627    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2628
    2629
    2630class AutoIncrementProperty(Property):
    2631    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2632
    2633
    2634# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/materialized-views-redshift/refreshing-materialized-views.html
    2635class AutoRefreshProperty(Property):
    2636    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2637
    2638
    2639class BackupProperty(Property):
    2640    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2641
    2642
    2643class BlockCompressionProperty(Property):
    2644    arg_types = {
    2645        "autotemp": False,
    2646        "always": False,
    2647        "default": False,
    2648        "manual": False,
    2649        "never": False,
    2650    }
    2651
    2652
    2653class CharacterSetProperty(Property):
    2654    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": True}
    2655
    2656
    2657class ChecksumProperty(Property):
    2658    arg_types = {"on": False, "default": False}
    2659
    2660
    2661class CollateProperty(Property):
    2662    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}
    2663
    2664
    2665class CopyGrantsProperty(Property):
    2666    arg_types = {}
    2667
    2668
    2669class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property):
    2670    arg_types = {
    2671        "size": False,
    2672        "units": False,
    2673        "minimum": False,
    2674        "maximum": False,
    2675        "default": False,
    2676    }
    2677
    2678
    2679class DataDeletionProperty(Property):
    2680    arg_types = {"on": True, "filter_col": False, "retention_period": False}
    2681
    2682
    2683class DefinerProperty(Property):
    2684    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2685
    2686
    2687class DistKeyProperty(Property):
    2688    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2689
    2690
    2691# https://docs.starrocks.io/docs/sql-reference/sql-statements/data-definition/CREATE_TABLE/#distribution_desc
    2692# https://doris.apache.org/docs/sql-manual/sql-statements/Data-Definition-Statements/Create/CREATE-TABLE?_highlight=create&_highlight=table#distribution_desc
    2693class DistributedByProperty(Property):
    2694    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "kind": True, "buckets": False, "order": False}
    2695
    2696
    2697class DistStyleProperty(Property):
    2698    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2699
    2700
    2701class DuplicateKeyProperty(Property):
    2702    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2703
    2704
    2705class EngineProperty(Property):
    2706    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2707
    2708
    2709class HeapProperty(Property):
    2710    arg_types = {}
    2711
    2712
    2713class ToTableProperty(Property):
    2714    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2715
    2716
    2717class ExecuteAsProperty(Property):
    2718    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2719
    2720
    2721class ExternalProperty(Property):
    2722    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2723
    2724
    2725class FallbackProperty(Property):
    2726    arg_types = {"no": True, "protection": False}
    2727
    2728
    2729class FileFormatProperty(Property):
    2730    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2731
    2732
    2733class FreespaceProperty(Property):
    2734    arg_types = {"this": True, "percent": False}
    2735
    2736
    2737class GlobalProperty(Property):
    2738    arg_types = {}
    2739
    2740
    2741class IcebergProperty(Property):
    2742    arg_types = {}
    2743
    2744
    2745class InheritsProperty(Property):
    2746    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2747
    2748
    2749class InputModelProperty(Property):
    2750    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2751
    2752
    2753class OutputModelProperty(Property):
    2754    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2755
    2756
    2757class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property):
    2758    arg_types = {"no": False, "concurrent": False, "target": False}
    2759
    2760
    2761class JournalProperty(Property):
    2762    arg_types = {
    2763        "no": False,
    2764        "dual": False,
    2765        "before": False,
    2766        "local": False,
    2767        "after": False,
    2768    }
    2769
    2770
    2771class LanguageProperty(Property):
    2772    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2773
    2774
    2775# spark ddl
    2776class ClusteredByProperty(Property):
    2777    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "sorted_by": False, "buckets": True}
    2778
    2779
    2780class DictProperty(Property):
    2781    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "settings": False}
    2782
    2783
    2784class DictSubProperty(Property):
    2785    pass
    2786
    2787
    2788class DictRange(Property):
    2789    arg_types = {"this": True, "min": True, "max": True}
    2790
    2791
    2792class DynamicProperty(Property):
    2793    arg_types = {}
    2794
    2795
    2796# Clickhouse CREATE ... ON CLUSTER modifier
    2797# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/distributed-ddl
    2798class OnCluster(Property):
    2799    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2800
    2801
    2802# Clickhouse EMPTY table "property"
    2803class EmptyProperty(Property):
    2804    arg_types = {}
    2805
    2806
    2807class LikeProperty(Property):
    2808    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    2809
    2810
    2811class LocationProperty(Property):
    2812    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2813
    2814
    2815class LockProperty(Property):
    2816    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2817
    2818
    2819class LockingProperty(Property):
    2820    arg_types = {
    2821        "this": False,
    2822        "kind": True,
    2823        "for_or_in": False,
    2824        "lock_type": True,
    2825        "override": False,
    2826    }
    2827
    2828
    2829class LogProperty(Property):
    2830    arg_types = {"no": True}
    2831
    2832
    2833class MaterializedProperty(Property):
    2834    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2835
    2836
    2837class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property):
    2838    arg_types = {"this": False, "no": False, "default": False, "percent": False}
    2839
    2840
    2841class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property):
    2842    arg_types = {}
    2843
    2844
    2845class OnProperty(Property):
    2846    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2847
    2848
    2849class OnCommitProperty(Property):
    2850    arg_types = {"delete": False}
    2851
    2852
    2853class PartitionedByProperty(Property):
    2854    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2855
    2856
    2857# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html
    2858class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression):
    2859    # this -> IN / MODULUS, expression -> REMAINDER, from_expressions -> FROM (...), to_expressions -> TO (...)
    2860    arg_types = {
    2861        "this": False,
    2862        "expression": False,
    2863        "from_expressions": False,
    2864        "to_expressions": False,
    2865    }
    2866
    2867
    2868class PartitionedOfProperty(Property):
    2869    # this -> parent_table (schema), expression -> FOR VALUES ... / DEFAULT
    2870    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    2871
    2872
    2873class StreamingTableProperty(Property):
    2874    arg_types = {}
    2875
    2876
    2877class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property):
    2878    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2879
    2880
    2881class ReturnsProperty(Property):
    2882    arg_types = {"this": False, "is_table": False, "table": False, "null": False}
    2883
    2884
    2885class StrictProperty(Property):
    2886    arg_types = {}
    2887
    2888
    2889class RowFormatProperty(Property):
    2890    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2891
    2892
    2893class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property):
    2894    # https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/hive/languagemanual+dml
    2895    arg_types = {
    2896        "fields": False,
    2897        "escaped": False,
    2898        "collection_items": False,
    2899        "map_keys": False,
    2900        "lines": False,
    2901        "null": False,
    2902        "serde": False,
    2903    }
    2904
    2905
    2906class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property):
    2907    arg_types = {"this": True, "serde_properties": False}
    2908
    2909
    2910# https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.1.2/sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-transform.html
    2911class QueryTransform(Expression):
    2912    arg_types = {
    2913        "expressions": True,
    2914        "command_script": True,
    2915        "schema": False,
    2916        "row_format_before": False,
    2917        "record_writer": False,
    2918        "row_format_after": False,
    2919        "record_reader": False,
    2920    }
    2921
    2922
    2923class SampleProperty(Property):
    2924    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2925
    2926
    2927# https://prestodb.io/docs/current/sql/create-view.html#synopsis
    2928class SecurityProperty(Property):
    2929    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2930
    2931
    2932class SchemaCommentProperty(Property):
    2933    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2934
    2935
    2936class SerdeProperties(Property):
    2937    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "with": False}
    2938
    2939
    2940class SetProperty(Property):
    2941    arg_types = {"multi": True}
    2942
    2943
    2944class SharingProperty(Property):
    2945    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2946
    2947
    2948class SetConfigProperty(Property):
    2949    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2950
    2951
    2952class SettingsProperty(Property):
    2953    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2954
    2955
    2956class SortKeyProperty(Property):
    2957    arg_types = {"this": True, "compound": False}
    2958
    2959
    2960class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property):
    2961    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2962
    2963
    2964class SqlSecurityProperty(Property):
    2965    arg_types = {"definer": True}
    2966
    2967
    2968class StabilityProperty(Property):
    2969    arg_types = {"this": True}
    2970
    2971
    2972class TemporaryProperty(Property):
    2973    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2974
    2975
    2976class SecureProperty(Property):
    2977    arg_types = {}
    2978
    2979
    2980# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/create-table
    2981class Tags(ColumnConstraintKind, Property):
    2982    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2983
    2984
    2985class TransformModelProperty(Property):
    2986    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    2987
    2988
    2989class TransientProperty(Property):
    2990    arg_types = {"this": False}
    2991
    2992
    2993class UnloggedProperty(Property):
    2994    arg_types = {}
    2995
    2996
    2997# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-view-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    2998class ViewAttributeProperty(Property):
    2999    arg_types = {"this": True}
    3000
    3001
    3002class VolatileProperty(Property):
    3003    arg_types = {"this": False}
    3004
    3005
    3006class WithDataProperty(Property):
    3007    arg_types = {"no": True, "statistics": False}
    3008
    3009
    3010class WithJournalTableProperty(Property):
    3011    arg_types = {"this": True}
    3012
    3013
    3014class WithSchemaBindingProperty(Property):
    3015    arg_types = {"this": True}
    3016
    3017
    3018class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property):
    3019    arg_types = {
    3020        "on": False,
    3021        "this": False,
    3022        "data_consistency": False,
    3023        "retention_period": False,
    3024        "with": True,
    3025    }
    3026
    3027
    3028class WithProcedureOptions(Property):
    3029    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    3030
    3031
    3032class EncodeProperty(Property):
    3033    arg_types = {"this": True, "properties": False, "key": False}
    3034
    3035
    3036class IncludeProperty(Property):
    3037    arg_types = {"this": True, "alias": False, "column_def": False}
    3038
    3039
    3040class Properties(Expression):
    3041    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    3042
    3043    NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {
    3044        "ALGORITHM": AlgorithmProperty,
    3045        "AUTO_INCREMENT": AutoIncrementProperty,
    3046        "CHARACTER SET": CharacterSetProperty,
    3047        "CLUSTERED_BY": ClusteredByProperty,
    3048        "COLLATE": CollateProperty,
    3049        "COMMENT": SchemaCommentProperty,
    3050        "DEFINER": DefinerProperty,
    3051        "DISTKEY": DistKeyProperty,
    3052        "DISTRIBUTED_BY": DistributedByProperty,
    3053        "DISTSTYLE": DistStyleProperty,
    3054        "ENGINE": EngineProperty,
    3055        "EXECUTE AS": ExecuteAsProperty,
    3056        "FORMAT": FileFormatProperty,
    3057        "LANGUAGE": LanguageProperty,
    3058        "LOCATION": LocationProperty,
    3059        "LOCK": LockProperty,
    3060        "PARTITIONED_BY": PartitionedByProperty,
    3061        "RETURNS": ReturnsProperty,
    3062        "ROW_FORMAT": RowFormatProperty,
    3063        "SORTKEY": SortKeyProperty,
    3064        "ENCODE": EncodeProperty,
    3065        "INCLUDE": IncludeProperty,
    3066    }
    3067
    3068    PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {v: k for k, v in NAME_TO_PROPERTY.items()}
    3069
    3070    # CREATE property locations
    3071    # Form: schema specified
    3072    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    3073    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    3074    #     (b int) [POST_SCHEMA]
    3075    #     with ([POST_WITH])
    3076    #     index (b) [POST_INDEX]
    3077    #
    3078    # Form: alias selection
    3079    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    3080    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    3081    #     as [POST_ALIAS] (select * from b) [POST_EXPRESSION]
    3082    #     index (c) [POST_INDEX]
    3083    class Location(AutoName):
    3084        POST_CREATE = auto()
    3085        POST_NAME = auto()
    3086        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    3087        POST_WITH = auto()
    3088        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    3089        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    3090        POST_INDEX = auto()
    3091        UNSUPPORTED = auto()
    3092
    3093    @classmethod
    3094    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    3095        expressions = []
    3096        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    3097            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    3098            if property_cls:
    3099                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    3100            else:
    3101                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    3102
    3103        return cls(expressions=expressions)
    3104
    3105
    3106class Qualify(Expression):
    3107    pass
    3108
    3109
    3110class InputOutputFormat(Expression):
    3111    arg_types = {"input_format": False, "output_format": False}
    3112
    3113
    3114# https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/ias?topic=procedures-return-statement-in-sql
    3115class Return(Expression):
    3116    pass
    3117
    3118
    3119class Reference(Expression):
    3120    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "options": False}
    3121
    3122
    3123class Tuple(Expression):
    3124    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    3125
    3126    def isin(
    3127        self,
    3128        *expressions: t.Any,
    3129        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3130        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3131        copy: bool = True,
    3132        **opts,
    3133    ) -> In:
    3134        return In(
    3135            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    3136            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    3137            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    3138            unnest=(
    3139                Unnest(
    3140                    expressions=[
    3141                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    3142                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    3143                    ]
    3144                )
    3145                if unnest
    3146                else None
    3147            ),
    3148        )
    3149
    3150
    3151QUERY_MODIFIERS = {
    3152    "match": False,
    3153    "laterals": False,
    3154    "joins": False,
    3155    "connect": False,
    3156    "pivots": False,
    3157    "prewhere": False,
    3158    "where": False,
    3159    "group": False,
    3160    "having": False,
    3161    "qualify": False,
    3162    "windows": False,
    3163    "distribute": False,
    3164    "sort": False,
    3165    "cluster": False,
    3166    "order": False,
    3167    "limit": False,
    3168    "offset": False,
    3169    "locks": False,
    3170    "sample": False,
    3171    "settings": False,
    3172    "format": False,
    3173    "options": False,
    3174}
    3175
    3176
    3177# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/option-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    3178# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-ver16
    3179class QueryOption(Expression):
    3180    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    3181
    3182
    3183# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    3184class WithTableHint(Expression):
    3185    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    3186
    3187
    3188# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/index-hints.html
    3189class IndexTableHint(Expression):
    3190    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "target": False}
    3191
    3192
    3193# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    3194class HistoricalData(Expression):
    3195    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": True}
    3196
    3197
    3198class Table(Expression):
    3199    arg_types = {
    3200        "this": False,
    3201        "alias": False,
    3202        "db": False,
    3203        "catalog": False,
    3204        "laterals": False,
    3205        "joins": False,
    3206        "pivots": False,
    3207        "hints": False,
    3208        "system_time": False,
    3209        "version": False,
    3210        "format": False,
    3211        "pattern": False,
    3212        "ordinality": False,
    3213        "when": False,
    3214        "only": False,
    3215        "partition": False,
    3216        "changes": False,
    3217        "rows_from": False,
    3218        "sample": False,
    3219    }
    3220
    3221    @property
    3222    def name(self) -> str:
    3223        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3224            return ""
    3225        return self.this.name
    3226
    3227    @property
    3228    def db(self) -> str:
    3229        return self.text("db")
    3230
    3231    @property
    3232    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3233        return self.text("catalog")
    3234
    3235    @property
    3236    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3237        return []
    3238
    3239    @property
    3240    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3241        return []
    3242
    3243    @property
    3244    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3245        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3246        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3247
    3248        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3249            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3250
    3251            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3252                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3253            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3254                parts.append(part)
    3255
    3256        return parts
    3257
    3258    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3259        parts = self.parts
    3260        last_part = parts[-1]
    3261
    3262        if isinstance(last_part, Identifier):
    3263            col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3264        else:
    3265            # This branch will be reached if a function or array is wrapped in a `Table`
    3266            col = last_part
    3267
    3268        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3269        if alias:
    3270            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3271
    3272        return col
    3273
    3274
    3275class SetOperation(Query):
    3276    arg_types = {
    3277        "with": False,
    3278        "this": True,
    3279        "expression": True,
    3280        "distinct": False,
    3281        "by_name": False,
    3282        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3283    }
    3284
    3285    def select(
    3286        self: S,
    3287        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3288        append: bool = True,
    3289        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3290        copy: bool = True,
    3291        **opts,
    3292    ) -> S:
    3293        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3294        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3295        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3296            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3297        )
    3298        return this
    3299
    3300    @property
    3301    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3302        return self.this.unnest().named_selects
    3303
    3304    @property
    3305    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3306        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star
    3307
    3308    @property
    3309    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3310        return self.this.unnest().selects
    3311
    3312    @property
    3313    def left(self) -> Query:
    3314        return self.this
    3315
    3316    @property
    3317    def right(self) -> Query:
    3318        return self.expression
    3319
    3320
    3321class Union(SetOperation):
    3322    pass
    3323
    3324
    3325class Except(SetOperation):
    3326    pass
    3327
    3328
    3329class Intersect(SetOperation):
    3330    pass
    3331
    3332
    3333class Update(DML):
    3334    arg_types = {
    3335        "with": False,
    3336        "this": False,
    3337        "expressions": True,
    3338        "from": False,
    3339        "where": False,
    3340        "returning": False,
    3341        "order": False,
    3342        "limit": False,
    3343    }
    3344
    3345    def table(
    3346        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3347    ) -> Update:
    3348        """
    3349        Set the table to update.
    3350
    3351        Example:
    3352            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").sql()
    3353            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1'
    3354
    3355        Args:
    3356            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3357                If a `Table` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3358                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Table`.
    3359            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3360            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3361            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3362
    3363        Returns:
    3364            The modified Update expression.
    3365        """
    3366        return _apply_builder(
    3367            expression=expression,
    3368            instance=self,
    3369            arg="this",
    3370            into=Table,
    3371            prefix=None,
    3372            dialect=dialect,
    3373            copy=copy,
    3374            **opts,
    3375        )
    3376
    3377    def set_(
    3378        self,
    3379        *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    3380        append: bool = True,
    3381        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3382        copy: bool = True,
    3383        **opts,
    3384    ) -> Update:
    3385        """
    3386        Append to or set the SET expressions.
    3387
    3388        Example:
    3389            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").sql()
    3390            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1'
    3391
    3392        Args:
    3393            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3394                If `Expression` instance(s) are passed, they will be used as-is.
    3395                Multiple expressions are combined with a comma.
    3396            append: if `True`, add the new expressions to any existing SET expressions.
    3397                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3398            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3399            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3400            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3401        """
    3402        return _apply_list_builder(
    3403            *expressions,
    3404            instance=self,
    3405            arg="expressions",
    3406            append=append,
    3407            into=Expression,
    3408            prefix=None,
    3409            dialect=dialect,
    3410            copy=copy,
    3411            **opts,
    3412        )
    3413
    3414    def where(
    3415        self,
    3416        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3417        append: bool = True,
    3418        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3419        copy: bool = True,
    3420        **opts,
    3421    ) -> Select:
    3422        """
    3423        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3424
    3425        Example:
    3426            >>> Update().table("tbl").set_("x = 1").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3427            "UPDATE tbl SET x = 1 WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3428
    3429        Args:
    3430            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3431                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3432                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3433            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3434                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3435            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3436            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3437            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3438
    3439        Returns:
    3440            Select: the modified expression.
    3441        """
    3442        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3443            *expressions,
    3444            instance=self,
    3445            arg="where",
    3446            append=append,
    3447            into=Where,
    3448            dialect=dialect,
    3449            copy=copy,
    3450            **opts,
    3451        )
    3452
    3453    def from_(
    3454        self,
    3455        expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3456        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3457        copy: bool = True,
    3458        **opts,
    3459    ) -> Update:
    3460        """
    3461        Set the FROM expression.
    3462
    3463        Example:
    3464            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").from_("baz").sql()
    3465            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1 FROM baz'
    3466
    3467        Args:
    3468            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3469                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3470                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3471                If nothing is passed in then a from is not applied to the expression
    3472            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3473            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3474            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3475
    3476        Returns:
    3477            The modified Update expression.
    3478        """
    3479        if not expression:
    3480            return maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3481
    3482        return _apply_builder(
    3483            expression=expression,
    3484            instance=self,
    3485            arg="from",
    3486            into=From,
    3487            prefix="FROM",
    3488            dialect=dialect,
    3489            copy=copy,
    3490            **opts,
    3491        )
    3492
    3493    def with_(
    3494        self,
    3495        alias: ExpOrStr,
    3496        as_: ExpOrStr,
    3497        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    3498        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    3499        append: bool = True,
    3500        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3501        copy: bool = True,
    3502        **opts,
    3503    ) -> Update:
    3504        """
    3505        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    3506
    3507        Example:
    3508            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").from_("baz").with_("baz", "SELECT id FROM foo").sql()
    3509            'WITH baz AS (SELECT id FROM foo) UPDATE my_table SET x = 1 FROM baz'
    3510
    3511        Args:
    3512            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3513                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3514            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    3515                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3516            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    3517            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    3518            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3519                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3520            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3521            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3522            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3523
    3524        Returns:
    3525            The modified expression.
    3526        """
    3527        return _apply_cte_builder(
    3528            self,
    3529            alias,
    3530            as_,
    3531            recursive=recursive,
    3532            materialized=materialized,
    3533            append=append,
    3534            dialect=dialect,
    3535            copy=copy,
    3536            **opts,
    3537        )
    3538
    3539
    3540class Values(UDTF):
    3541    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "alias": False}
    3542
    3543
    3544class Var(Expression):
    3545    pass
    3546
    3547
    3548class Version(Expression):
    3549    """
    3550    Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc
    3551    https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots
    3552    https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html
    3553    https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of
    3554    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    3555    this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION
    3556    kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")
    3557    """
    3558
    3559    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": False}
    3560
    3561
    3562class Schema(Expression):
    3563    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False}
    3564
    3565
    3566# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/select.html
    3567# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/SELECT.html
    3568class Lock(Expression):
    3569    arg_types = {"update": True, "expressions": False, "wait": False}
    3570
    3571
    3572class Select(Query):
    3573    arg_types = {
    3574        "with": False,
    3575        "kind": False,
    3576        "expressions": False,
    3577        "hint": False,
    3578        "distinct": False,
    3579        "into": False,
    3580        "from": False,
    3581        "operation_modifiers": False,
    3582        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3583    }
    3584
    3585    def from_(
    3586        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3587    ) -> Select:
    3588        """
    3589        Set the FROM expression.
    3590
    3591        Example:
    3592            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3593            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3594
    3595        Args:
    3596            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3597                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3598                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3599            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3600            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3601            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3602
    3603        Returns:
    3604            The modified Select expression.
    3605        """
    3606        return _apply_builder(
    3607            expression=expression,
    3608            instance=self,
    3609            arg="from",
    3610            into=From,
    3611            prefix="FROM",
    3612            dialect=dialect,
    3613            copy=copy,
    3614            **opts,
    3615        )
    3616
    3617    def group_by(
    3618        self,
    3619        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3620        append: bool = True,
    3621        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3622        copy: bool = True,
    3623        **opts,
    3624    ) -> Select:
    3625        """
    3626        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3627
    3628        Example:
    3629            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3630            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3631
    3632        Args:
    3633            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3634                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3635                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3636                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3637            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3638                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3639            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3640            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3641            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3642
    3643        Returns:
    3644            The modified Select expression.
    3645        """
    3646        if not expressions:
    3647            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3648
    3649        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3650            *expressions,
    3651            instance=self,
    3652            arg="group",
    3653            append=append,
    3654            copy=copy,
    3655            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3656            into=Group,
    3657            dialect=dialect,
    3658            **opts,
    3659        )
    3660
    3661    def sort_by(
    3662        self,
    3663        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3664        append: bool = True,
    3665        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3666        copy: bool = True,
    3667        **opts,
    3668    ) -> Select:
    3669        """
    3670        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3671
    3672        Example:
    3673            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3674            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3675
    3676        Args:
    3677            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3678                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3679                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3680            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3681                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3682            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3683            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3684            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3685
    3686        Returns:
    3687            The modified Select expression.
    3688        """
    3689        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3690            *expressions,
    3691            instance=self,
    3692            arg="sort",
    3693            append=append,
    3694            copy=copy,
    3695            prefix="SORT BY",
    3696            into=Sort,
    3697            dialect=dialect,
    3698            **opts,
    3699        )
    3700
    3701    def cluster_by(
    3702        self,
    3703        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3704        append: bool = True,
    3705        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3706        copy: bool = True,
    3707        **opts,
    3708    ) -> Select:
    3709        """
    3710        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3711
    3712        Example:
    3713            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3714            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3715
    3716        Args:
    3717            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3718                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3719                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3720            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3721                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3722            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3723            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3724            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3725
    3726        Returns:
    3727            The modified Select expression.
    3728        """
    3729        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3730            *expressions,
    3731            instance=self,
    3732            arg="cluster",
    3733            append=append,
    3734            copy=copy,
    3735            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3736            into=Cluster,
    3737            dialect=dialect,
    3738            **opts,
    3739        )
    3740
    3741    def select(
    3742        self,
    3743        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3744        append: bool = True,
    3745        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3746        copy: bool = True,
    3747        **opts,
    3748    ) -> Select:
    3749        return _apply_list_builder(
    3750            *expressions,
    3751            instance=self,
    3752            arg="expressions",
    3753            append=append,
    3754            dialect=dialect,
    3755            into=Expression,
    3756            copy=copy,
    3757            **opts,
    3758        )
    3759
    3760    def lateral(
    3761        self,
    3762        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3763        append: bool = True,
    3764        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3765        copy: bool = True,
    3766        **opts,
    3767    ) -> Select:
    3768        """
    3769        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3770
    3771        Example:
    3772            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3773            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3774
    3775        Args:
    3776            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3777                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3778            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3779                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3780            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3781            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3782            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3783
    3784        Returns:
    3785            The modified Select expression.
    3786        """
    3787        return _apply_list_builder(
    3788            *expressions,
    3789            instance=self,
    3790            arg="laterals",
    3791            append=append,
    3792            into=Lateral,
    3793            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3794            dialect=dialect,
    3795            copy=copy,
    3796            **opts,
    3797        )
    3798
    3799    def join(
    3800        self,
    3801        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3802        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3803        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3804        append: bool = True,
    3805        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3806        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3807        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3808        copy: bool = True,
    3809        **opts,
    3810    ) -> Select:
    3811        """
    3812        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3813
    3814        Example:
    3815            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3816            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3817
    3818            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3819            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3820
    3821            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3822
    3823            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3824            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3825
    3826        Args:
    3827            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3828                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3829            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3830                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3831            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3832                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3833            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3834                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3835            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3836            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3837            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3838            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3839            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3840
    3841        Returns:
    3842            Select: the modified expression.
    3843        """
    3844        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3845
    3846        try:
    3847            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3848        except ParseError:
    3849            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3850
    3851        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3852
    3853        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3854            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3855
    3856        if join_type:
    3857            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3858            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3859            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3860
    3861            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3862
    3863            if method:
    3864                join.set("method", method.text)
    3865            if side:
    3866                join.set("side", side.text)
    3867            if kind:
    3868                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3869
    3870        if on:
    3871            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3872            join.set("on", on)
    3873
    3874        if using:
    3875            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3876                *ensure_list(using),
    3877                instance=join,
    3878                arg="using",
    3879                append=append,
    3880                copy=copy,
    3881                into=Identifier,
    3882                **opts,
    3883            )
    3884
    3885        if join_alias:
    3886            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3887
    3888        return _apply_list_builder(
    3889            join,
    3890            instance=self,
    3891            arg="joins",
    3892            append=append,
    3893            copy=copy,
    3894            **opts,
    3895        )
    3896
    3897    def where(
    3898        self,
    3899        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3900        append: bool = True,
    3901        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3902        copy: bool = True,
    3903        **opts,
    3904    ) -> Select:
    3905        """
    3906        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3907
    3908        Example:
    3909            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3910            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3911
    3912        Args:
    3913            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3914                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3915                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3916            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3917                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3918            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3919            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3920            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3921
    3922        Returns:
    3923            Select: the modified expression.
    3924        """
    3925        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3926            *expressions,
    3927            instance=self,
    3928            arg="where",
    3929            append=append,
    3930            into=Where,
    3931            dialect=dialect,
    3932            copy=copy,
    3933            **opts,
    3934        )
    3935
    3936    def having(
    3937        self,
    3938        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3939        append: bool = True,
    3940        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3941        copy: bool = True,
    3942        **opts,
    3943    ) -> Select:
    3944        """
    3945        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3946
    3947        Example:
    3948            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3949            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3950
    3951        Args:
    3952            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3953                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3954                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3955            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3956                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3957            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3958            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3959            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3960
    3961        Returns:
    3962            The modified Select expression.
    3963        """
    3964        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3965            *expressions,
    3966            instance=self,
    3967            arg="having",
    3968            append=append,
    3969            into=Having,
    3970            dialect=dialect,
    3971            copy=copy,
    3972            **opts,
    3973        )
    3974
    3975    def window(
    3976        self,
    3977        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3978        append: bool = True,
    3979        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3980        copy: bool = True,
    3981        **opts,
    3982    ) -> Select:
    3983        return _apply_list_builder(
    3984            *expressions,
    3985            instance=self,
    3986            arg="windows",
    3987            append=append,
    3988            into=Window,
    3989            dialect=dialect,
    3990            copy=copy,
    3991            **opts,
    3992        )
    3993
    3994    def qualify(
    3995        self,
    3996        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3997        append: bool = True,
    3998        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3999        copy: bool = True,
    4000        **opts,
    4001    ) -> Select:
    4002        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    4003            *expressions,
    4004            instance=self,
    4005            arg="qualify",
    4006            append=append,
    4007            into=Qualify,
    4008            dialect=dialect,
    4009            copy=copy,
    4010            **opts,
    4011        )
    4012
    4013    def distinct(
    4014        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    4015    ) -> Select:
    4016        """
    4017        Set the OFFSET expression.
    4018
    4019        Example:
    4020            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    4021            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    4022
    4023        Args:
    4024            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    4025            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    4026            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4027
    4028        Returns:
    4029            Select: the modified expression.
    4030        """
    4031        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4032        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    4033        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    4034        return instance
    4035
    4036    def ctas(
    4037        self,
    4038        table: ExpOrStr,
    4039        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    4040        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4041        copy: bool = True,
    4042        **opts,
    4043    ) -> Create:
    4044        """
    4045        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    4046
    4047        Example:
    4048            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    4049            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    4050
    4051        Args:
    4052            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    4053                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    4054            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    4055            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    4056            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4057            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    4058
    4059        Returns:
    4060            The new Create expression.
    4061        """
    4062        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4063        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    4064
    4065        properties_expression = None
    4066        if properties:
    4067            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    4068
    4069        return Create(
    4070            this=table_expression,
    4071            kind="TABLE",
    4072            expression=instance,
    4073            properties=properties_expression,
    4074        )
    4075
    4076    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    4077        """
    4078        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    4079
    4080        Examples:
    4081            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    4082            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    4083
    4084            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    4085            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    4086
    4087        Args:
    4088            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    4089            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4090
    4091        Returns:
    4092            The modified expression.
    4093        """
    4094        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4095        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    4096
    4097        return inst
    4098
    4099    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    4100        """
    4101        Set hints for this expression.
    4102
    4103        Examples:
    4104            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    4105            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    4106
    4107        Args:
    4108            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    4109                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    4110            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    4111            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4112
    4113        Returns:
    4114            The modified expression.
    4115        """
    4116        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4117        inst.set(
    4118            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    4119        )
    4120
    4121        return inst
    4122
    4123    @property
    4124    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    4125        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]
    4126
    4127    @property
    4128    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4129        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)
    4130
    4131    @property
    4132    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4133        return self.expressions
    4134
    4135
    4136UNWRAPPED_QUERIES = (Select, SetOperation)
    4137
    4138
    4139class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query):
    4140    arg_types = {
    4141        "this": True,
    4142        "alias": False,
    4143        "with": False,
    4144        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    4145    }
    4146
    4147    def unnest(self):
    4148        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    4149        expression = self
    4150        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    4151            expression = expression.this
    4152        return expression
    4153
    4154    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    4155        expression = self
    4156        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    4157            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    4158        return expression
    4159
    4160    def select(
    4161        self,
    4162        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    4163        append: bool = True,
    4164        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4165        copy: bool = True,
    4166        **opts,
    4167    ) -> Subquery:
    4168        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4169        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    4170        return this
    4171
    4172    @property
    4173    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    4174        """
    4175        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    4176
    4177        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    4178                      ^
    4179                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    4180        """
    4181        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")
    4182
    4183    @property
    4184    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4185        return self.this.is_star
    4186
    4187    @property
    4188    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4189        return self.alias
    4190
    4191
    4192class TableSample(Expression):
    4193    arg_types = {
    4194        "expressions": False,
    4195        "method": False,
    4196        "bucket_numerator": False,
    4197        "bucket_denominator": False,
    4198        "bucket_field": False,
    4199        "percent": False,
    4200        "rows": False,
    4201        "size": False,
    4202        "seed": False,
    4203    }
    4204
    4205
    4206class Tag(Expression):
    4207    """Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT <span>x</span>."""
    4208
    4209    arg_types = {
    4210        "this": False,
    4211        "prefix": False,
    4212        "postfix": False,
    4213    }
    4214
    4215
    4216# Represents both the standard SQL PIVOT operator and DuckDB's "simplified" PIVOT syntax
    4217# https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/statements/pivot
    4218class Pivot(Expression):
    4219    arg_types = {
    4220        "this": False,
    4221        "alias": False,
    4222        "expressions": False,
    4223        "field": False,
    4224        "unpivot": False,
    4225        "using": False,
    4226        "group": False,
    4227        "columns": False,
    4228        "include_nulls": False,
    4229        "default_on_null": False,
    4230    }
    4231
    4232    @property
    4233    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    4234        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))
    4235
    4236
    4237class Window(Condition):
    4238    arg_types = {
    4239        "this": True,
    4240        "partition_by": False,
    4241        "order": False,
    4242        "spec": False,
    4243        "alias": False,
    4244        "over": False,
    4245        "first": False,
    4246    }
    4247
    4248
    4249class WindowSpec(Expression):
    4250    arg_types = {
    4251        "kind": False,
    4252        "start": False,
    4253        "start_side": False,
    4254        "end": False,
    4255        "end_side": False,
    4256    }
    4257
    4258
    4259class PreWhere(Expression):
    4260    pass
    4261
    4262
    4263class Where(Expression):
    4264    pass
    4265
    4266
    4267class Star(Expression):
    4268    arg_types = {"except": False, "replace": False, "rename": False}
    4269
    4270    @property
    4271    def name(self) -> str:
    4272        return "*"
    4273
    4274    @property
    4275    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4276        return self.name
    4277
    4278
    4279class Parameter(Condition):
    4280    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4281
    4282
    4283class SessionParameter(Condition):
    4284    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    4285
    4286
    4287class Placeholder(Condition):
    4288    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False}
    4289
    4290    @property
    4291    def name(self) -> str:
    4292        return self.this or "?"
    4293
    4294
    4295class Null(Condition):
    4296    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    4297
    4298    @property
    4299    def name(self) -> str:
    4300        return "NULL"
    4301
    4302    def to_py(self) -> Lit[None]:
    4303        return None
    4304
    4305
    4306class Boolean(Condition):
    4307    def to_py(self) -> bool:
    4308        return self.this
    4309
    4310
    4311class DataTypeParam(Expression):
    4312    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4313
    4314    @property
    4315    def name(self) -> str:
    4316        return self.this.name
    4317
    4318
    4319# The `nullable` arg is helpful when transpiling types from other dialects to ClickHouse, which
    4320# assumes non-nullable types by default. Values `None` and `True` mean the type is nullable.
    4321class DataType(Expression):
    4322    arg_types = {
    4323        "this": True,
    4324        "expressions": False,
    4325        "nested": False,
    4326        "values": False,
    4327        "prefix": False,
    4328        "kind": False,
    4329        "nullable": False,
    4330    }
    4331
    4332    class Type(AutoName):
    4333        ARRAY = auto()
    4334        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4335        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4336        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    4337        BIGINT = auto()
    4338        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    4339        BINARY = auto()
    4340        BIT = auto()
    4341        BOOLEAN = auto()
    4342        BPCHAR = auto()
    4343        CHAR = auto()
    4344        DATE = auto()
    4345        DATE32 = auto()
    4346        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4347        DATERANGE = auto()
    4348        DATETIME = auto()
    4349        DATETIME64 = auto()
    4350        DECIMAL = auto()
    4351        DECIMAL32 = auto()
    4352        DECIMAL64 = auto()
    4353        DECIMAL128 = auto()
    4354        DECIMAL256 = auto()
    4355        DOUBLE = auto()
    4356        ENUM = auto()
    4357        ENUM8 = auto()
    4358        ENUM16 = auto()
    4359        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    4360        FLOAT = auto()
    4361        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    4362        GEOMETRY = auto()
    4363        POINT = auto()
    4364        RING = auto()
    4365        LINESTRING = auto()
    4366        MULTILINESTRING = auto()
    4367        POLYGON = auto()
    4368        MULTIPOLYGON = auto()
    4369        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    4370        HSTORE = auto()
    4371        IMAGE = auto()
    4372        INET = auto()
    4373        INT = auto()
    4374        INT128 = auto()
    4375        INT256 = auto()
    4376        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4377        INT4RANGE = auto()
    4378        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4379        INT8RANGE = auto()
    4380        INTERVAL = auto()
    4381        IPADDRESS = auto()
    4382        IPPREFIX = auto()
    4383        IPV4 = auto()
    4384        IPV6 = auto()
    4385        JSON = auto()
    4386        JSONB = auto()
    4387        LIST = auto()
    4388        LONGBLOB = auto()
    4389        LONGTEXT = auto()
    4390        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    4391        MAP = auto()
    4392        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    4393        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    4394        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    4395        MONEY = auto()
    4396        NAME = auto()
    4397        NCHAR = auto()
    4398        NESTED = auto()
    4399        NULL = auto()
    4400        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4401        NUMRANGE = auto()
    4402        NVARCHAR = auto()
    4403        OBJECT = auto()
    4404        RANGE = auto()
    4405        ROWVERSION = auto()
    4406        SERIAL = auto()
    4407        SET = auto()
    4408        SMALLINT = auto()
    4409        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4410        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4411        STRUCT = auto()
    4412        SUPER = auto()
    4413        TEXT = auto()
    4414        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4415        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4416        TIME = auto()
    4417        TIMETZ = auto()
    4418        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4419        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4420        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4421        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4422        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4423        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4424        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4425        TINYINT = auto()
    4426        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4427        TSRANGE = auto()
    4428        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4429        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4430        UBIGINT = auto()
    4431        UINT = auto()
    4432        UINT128 = auto()
    4433        UINT256 = auto()
    4434        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4435        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4436        UNION = auto()
    4437        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4438        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4439        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4440        USMALLINT = auto()
    4441        UTINYINT = auto()
    4442        UUID = auto()
    4443        VARBINARY = auto()
    4444        VARCHAR = auto()
    4445        VARIANT = auto()
    4446        VECTOR = auto()
    4447        XML = auto()
    4448        YEAR = auto()
    4449        TDIGEST = auto()
    4450
    4451    STRUCT_TYPES = {
    4452        Type.NESTED,
    4453        Type.OBJECT,
    4454        Type.STRUCT,
    4455        Type.UNION,
    4456    }
    4457
    4458    ARRAY_TYPES = {
    4459        Type.ARRAY,
    4460        Type.LIST,
    4461    }
    4462
    4463    NESTED_TYPES = {
    4464        *STRUCT_TYPES,
    4465        *ARRAY_TYPES,
    4466        Type.MAP,
    4467    }
    4468
    4469    TEXT_TYPES = {
    4470        Type.CHAR,
    4471        Type.NCHAR,
    4472        Type.NVARCHAR,
    4473        Type.TEXT,
    4474        Type.VARCHAR,
    4475        Type.NAME,
    4476    }
    4477
    4478    SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4479        Type.BIGINT,
    4480        Type.INT,
    4481        Type.INT128,
    4482        Type.INT256,
    4483        Type.MEDIUMINT,
    4484        Type.SMALLINT,
    4485        Type.TINYINT,
    4486    }
    4487
    4488    UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4489        Type.UBIGINT,
    4490        Type.UINT,
    4491        Type.UINT128,
    4492        Type.UINT256,
    4493        Type.UMEDIUMINT,
    4494        Type.USMALLINT,
    4495        Type.UTINYINT,
    4496    }
    4497
    4498    INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4499        *SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4500        *UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4501        Type.BIT,
    4502    }
    4503
    4504    FLOAT_TYPES = {
    4505        Type.DOUBLE,
    4506        Type.FLOAT,
    4507    }
    4508
    4509    REAL_TYPES = {
    4510        *FLOAT_TYPES,
    4511        Type.BIGDECIMAL,
    4512        Type.DECIMAL,
    4513        Type.DECIMAL32,
    4514        Type.DECIMAL64,
    4515        Type.DECIMAL128,
    4516        Type.DECIMAL256,
    4517        Type.MONEY,
    4518        Type.SMALLMONEY,
    4519        Type.UDECIMAL,
    4520    }
    4521
    4522    NUMERIC_TYPES = {
    4523        *INTEGER_TYPES,
    4524        *REAL_TYPES,
    4525    }
    4526
    4527    TEMPORAL_TYPES = {
    4528        Type.DATE,
    4529        Type.DATE32,
    4530        Type.DATETIME,
    4531        Type.DATETIME64,
    4532        Type.TIME,
    4533        Type.TIMESTAMP,
    4534        Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
    4535        Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    4536        Type.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    4537        Type.TIMESTAMP_MS,
    4538        Type.TIMESTAMP_NS,
    4539        Type.TIMESTAMP_S,
    4540        Type.TIMETZ,
    4541    }
    4542
    4543    @classmethod
    4544    def build(
    4545        cls,
    4546        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4547        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4548        udt: bool = False,
    4549        copy: bool = True,
    4550        **kwargs,
    4551    ) -> DataType:
    4552        """
    4553        Constructs a DataType object.
    4554
    4555        Args:
    4556            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4557            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4558            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4559                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4560            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4561            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4562
    4563        Returns:
    4564            The constructed DataType object.
    4565        """
    4566        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4567
    4568        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4569            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4570                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4571
    4572            try:
    4573                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4574                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4575                )
    4576            except ParseError:
    4577                if udt:
    4578                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4579                raise
    4580        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4581            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4582        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4583            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4584        else:
    4585            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4586
    4587        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})
    4588
    4589    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE, check_nullable: bool = False) -> bool:
    4590        """
    4591        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4592        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4593
    4594        Args:
    4595            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4596            check_nullable: whether to take the NULLABLE type constructor into account for the comparison.
    4597                If false, it means that NULLABLE<INT> is equivalent to INT.
    4598
    4599        Returns:
    4600            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4601        """
    4602        self_is_nullable = self.args.get("nullable")
    4603        for dtype in dtypes:
    4604            other_type = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4605            other_is_nullable = other_type.args.get("nullable")
    4606            if (
    4607                other_type.expressions
    4608                or (check_nullable and (self_is_nullable or other_is_nullable))
    4609                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4610                or other_type.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4611            ):
    4612                matches = self == other_type
    4613            else:
    4614                matches = self.this == other_type.this
    4615
    4616            if matches:
    4617                return True
    4618        return False
    4619
    4620
    4621DATA_TYPE = t.Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]
    4622
    4623
    4624# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/datatype-pseudo.html
    4625class PseudoType(DataType):
    4626    arg_types = {"this": True}
    4627
    4628
    4629# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/datatype-oid.html
    4630class ObjectIdentifier(DataType):
    4631    arg_types = {"this": True}
    4632
    4633
    4634# WHERE x <OP> EXISTS|ALL|ANY|SOME(SELECT ...)
    4635class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate):
    4636    pass
    4637
    4638
    4639class All(SubqueryPredicate):
    4640    pass
    4641
    4642
    4643class Any(SubqueryPredicate):
    4644    pass
    4645
    4646
    4647# Commands to interact with the databases or engines. For most of the command
    4648# expressions we parse whatever comes after the command's name as a string.
    4649class Command(Expression):
    4650    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4651
    4652
    4653class Transaction(Expression):
    4654    arg_types = {"this": False, "modes": False, "mark": False}
    4655
    4656
    4657class Commit(Expression):
    4658    arg_types = {"chain": False, "this": False, "durability": False}
    4659
    4660
    4661class Rollback(Expression):
    4662    arg_types = {"savepoint": False, "this": False}
    4663
    4664
    4665class Alter(Expression):
    4666    arg_types = {
    4667        "this": True,
    4668        "kind": True,
    4669        "actions": True,
    4670        "exists": False,
    4671        "only": False,
    4672        "options": False,
    4673        "cluster": False,
    4674        "not_valid": False,
    4675    }
    4676
    4677    @property
    4678    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    4679        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    4680        return kind and kind.upper()
    4681
    4682    @property
    4683    def actions(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4684        return self.args.get("actions") or []
    4685
    4686
    4687class AddConstraint(Expression):
    4688    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    4689
    4690
    4691class AttachOption(Expression):
    4692    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4693
    4694
    4695class DropPartition(Expression):
    4696    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "exists": False}
    4697
    4698
    4699# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition#replace-partition
    4700class ReplacePartition(Expression):
    4701    arg_types = {"expression": True, "source": True}
    4702
    4703
    4704# Binary expressions like (ADD a b)
    4705class Binary(Condition):
    4706    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4707
    4708    @property
    4709    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4710        return self.this
    4711
    4712    @property
    4713    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4714        return self.expression
    4715
    4716
    4717class Add(Binary):
    4718    pass
    4719
    4720
    4721class Connector(Binary):
    4722    pass
    4723
    4724
    4725class And(Connector):
    4726    pass
    4727
    4728
    4729class Or(Connector):
    4730    pass
    4731
    4732
    4733class BitwiseAnd(Binary):
    4734    pass
    4735
    4736
    4737class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary):
    4738    pass
    4739
    4740
    4741class BitwiseOr(Binary):
    4742    pass
    4743
    4744
    4745class BitwiseRightShift(Binary):
    4746    pass
    4747
    4748
    4749class BitwiseXor(Binary):
    4750    pass
    4751
    4752
    4753class Div(Binary):
    4754    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "typed": False, "safe": False}
    4755
    4756
    4757class Overlaps(Binary):
    4758    pass
    4759
    4760
    4761class Dot(Binary):
    4762    @property
    4763    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4764        return self.expression.is_star
    4765
    4766    @property
    4767    def name(self) -> str:
    4768        return self.expression.name
    4769
    4770    @property
    4771    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4772        return self.name
    4773
    4774    @classmethod
    4775    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4776        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4777        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4778            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4779
    4780        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))
    4781
    4782    @property
    4783    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4784        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4785        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4786
    4787        parts.reverse()
    4788
    4789        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4790            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4791
    4792            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4793                parts.append(part)
    4794
    4795        parts.reverse()
    4796        return parts
    4797
    4798
    4799class DPipe(Binary):
    4800    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "safe": False}
    4801
    4802
    4803class EQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4804    pass
    4805
    4806
    4807class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4808    pass
    4809
    4810
    4811class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4812    pass
    4813
    4814
    4815# Represents e.g. := in DuckDB which is mostly used for setting parameters
    4816class PropertyEQ(Binary):
    4817    pass
    4818
    4819
    4820class Distance(Binary):
    4821    pass
    4822
    4823
    4824class Escape(Binary):
    4825    pass
    4826
    4827
    4828class Glob(Binary, Predicate):
    4829    pass
    4830
    4831
    4832class GT(Binary, Predicate):
    4833    pass
    4834
    4835
    4836class GTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4837    pass
    4838
    4839
    4840class ILike(Binary, Predicate):
    4841    pass
    4842
    4843
    4844class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4845    pass
    4846
    4847
    4848class IntDiv(Binary):
    4849    pass
    4850
    4851
    4852class Is(Binary, Predicate):
    4853    pass
    4854
    4855
    4856class Kwarg(Binary):
    4857    """Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y)."""
    4858
    4859
    4860class Like(Binary, Predicate):
    4861    pass
    4862
    4863
    4864class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4865    pass
    4866
    4867
    4868class LT(Binary, Predicate):
    4869    pass
    4870
    4871
    4872class LTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4873    pass
    4874
    4875
    4876class Mod(Binary):
    4877    pass
    4878
    4879
    4880class Mul(Binary):
    4881    pass
    4882
    4883
    4884class NEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4885    pass
    4886
    4887
    4888# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-schemas.html#DDL-SCHEMAS-PATH
    4889class Operator(Binary):
    4890    arg_types = {"this": True, "operator": True, "expression": True}
    4891
    4892
    4893class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate):
    4894    pass
    4895
    4896
    4897class Slice(Binary):
    4898    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False}
    4899
    4900
    4901class Sub(Binary):
    4902    pass
    4903
    4904
    4905# Unary Expressions
    4906# (NOT a)
    4907class Unary(Condition):
    4908    pass
    4909
    4910
    4911class BitwiseNot(Unary):
    4912    pass
    4913
    4914
    4915class Not(Unary):
    4916    pass
    4917
    4918
    4919class Paren(Unary):
    4920    @property
    4921    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4922        return self.this.name
    4923
    4924
    4925class Neg(Unary):
    4926    def to_py(self) -> int | Decimal:
    4927        if self.is_number:
    4928            return self.this.to_py() * -1
    4929        return super().to_py()
    4930
    4931
    4932class Alias(Expression):
    4933    arg_types = {"this": True, "alias": False}
    4934
    4935    @property
    4936    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4937        return self.alias
    4938
    4939
    4940# BigQuery requires the UNPIVOT column list aliases to be either strings or ints, but
    4941# other dialects require identifiers. This enables us to transpile between them easily.
    4942class PivotAlias(Alias):
    4943    pass
    4944
    4945
    4946# Represents Snowflake's ANY [ ORDER BY ... ] syntax
    4947# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/pivot
    4948class PivotAny(Expression):
    4949    arg_types = {"this": False}
    4950
    4951
    4952class Aliases(Expression):
    4953    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    4954
    4955    @property
    4956    def aliases(self):
    4957        return self.expressions
    4958
    4959
    4960# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/query-super.html
    4961class AtIndex(Expression):
    4962    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4963
    4964
    4965class AtTimeZone(Expression):
    4966    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}
    4967
    4968
    4969class FromTimeZone(Expression):
    4970    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}
    4971
    4972
    4973class Between(Predicate):
    4974    arg_types = {"this": True, "low": True, "high": True}
    4975
    4976
    4977class Bracket(Condition):
    4978    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/operators#array_subscript_operator
    4979    arg_types = {
    4980        "this": True,
    4981        "expressions": True,
    4982        "offset": False,
    4983        "safe": False,
    4984        "returns_list_for_maps": False,
    4985    }
    4986
    4987    @property
    4988    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4989        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4990            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4991
    4992        return super().output_name
    4993
    4994
    4995class Distinct(Expression):
    4996    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "on": False}
    4997
    4998
    4999class In(Predicate):
    5000    arg_types = {
    5001        "this": True,
    5002        "expressions": False,
    5003        "query": False,
    5004        "unnest": False,
    5005        "field": False,
    5006        "is_global": False,
    5007    }
    5008
    5009
    5010# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/procedural-language#for-in
    5011class ForIn(Expression):
    5012    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5013
    5014
    5015class TimeUnit(Expression):
    5016    """Automatically converts unit arg into a var."""
    5017
    5018    arg_types = {"unit": False}
    5019
    5020    UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {
    5021        "D": "DAY",
    5022        "H": "HOUR",
    5023        "M": "MINUTE",
    5024        "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    5025        "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    5026        "Q": "QUARTER",
    5027        "S": "SECOND",
    5028        "US": "MICROSECOND",
    5029        "W": "WEEK",
    5030        "Y": "YEAR",
    5031    }
    5032
    5033    VAR_LIKE = (Column, Literal, Var)
    5034
    5035    def __init__(self, **args):
    5036        unit = args.get("unit")
    5037        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    5038            args["unit"] = Var(
    5039                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5040            )
    5041        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5042            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    5043
    5044        super().__init__(**args)
    5045
    5046    @property
    5047    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    5048        return self.args.get("unit")
    5049
    5050
    5051class IntervalOp(TimeUnit):
    5052    arg_types = {"unit": False, "expression": True}
    5053
    5054    def interval(self):
    5055        return Interval(
    5056            this=self.expression.copy(),
    5057            unit=self.unit.copy() if self.unit else None,
    5058        )
    5059
    5060
    5061# https://www.oracletutorial.com/oracle-basics/oracle-interval/
    5062# https://trino.io/docs/current/language/types.html#interval-day-to-second
    5063# https://docs.databricks.com/en/sql/language-manual/data-types/interval-type.html
    5064class IntervalSpan(DataType):
    5065    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5066
    5067
    5068class Interval(TimeUnit):
    5069    arg_types = {"this": False, "unit": False}
    5070
    5071
    5072class IgnoreNulls(Expression):
    5073    pass
    5074
    5075
    5076class RespectNulls(Expression):
    5077    pass
    5078
    5079
    5080# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/aggregate-function-calls#max_min_clause
    5081class HavingMax(Expression):
    5082    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "max": True}
    5083
    5084
    5085# Functions
    5086class Func(Condition):
    5087    """
    5088    The base class for all function expressions.
    5089
    5090    Attributes:
    5091        is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be
    5092            treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
    5093        _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this
    5094            function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as
    5095            well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL
    5096            name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.
    5097    """
    5098
    5099    is_var_len_args = False
    5100
    5101    @classmethod
    5102    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    5103        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    5104            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    5105            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    5106            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    5107            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    5108
    5109            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    5110            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    5111        else:
    5112            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    5113
    5114        return cls(**args_dict)
    5115
    5116    @classmethod
    5117    def sql_names(cls):
    5118        if cls is Func:
    5119            raise NotImplementedError(
    5120                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    5121            )
    5122        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    5123            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    5124        return cls._sql_names
    5125
    5126    @classmethod
    5127    def sql_name(cls):
    5128        return cls.sql_names()[0]
    5129
    5130    @classmethod
    5131    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    5132        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}
    5133
    5134
    5135class AggFunc(Func):
    5136    pass
    5137
    5138
    5139class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc):
    5140    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True}
    5141
    5142
    5143class Abs(Func):
    5144    pass
    5145
    5146
    5147class ArgMax(AggFunc):
    5148    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    5149    _sql_names = ["ARG_MAX", "ARGMAX", "MAX_BY"]
    5150
    5151
    5152class ArgMin(AggFunc):
    5153    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    5154    _sql_names = ["ARG_MIN", "ARGMIN", "MIN_BY"]
    5155
    5156
    5157class ApproxTopK(AggFunc):
    5158    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "counters": False}
    5159
    5160
    5161class Flatten(Func):
    5162    pass
    5163
    5164
    5165# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/index.html#transform
    5166class Transform(Func):
    5167    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5168
    5169
    5170class Anonymous(Func):
    5171    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5172    is_var_len_args = True
    5173
    5174    @property
    5175    def name(self) -> str:
    5176        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name
    5177
    5178
    5179class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc):
    5180    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5181    is_var_len_args = True
    5182
    5183
    5184# https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/combinators
    5185class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc):
    5186    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "parts": True}
    5187
    5188
    5189class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg):
    5190    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True, "parts": True}
    5191
    5192
    5193# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/hll
    5194# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_HLL_function.html
    5195class Hll(AggFunc):
    5196    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5197    is_var_len_args = True
    5198
    5199
    5200class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc):
    5201    arg_types = {"this": True, "accuracy": False}
    5202    _sql_names = ["APPROX_DISTINCT", "APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"]
    5203
    5204
    5205class Apply(Func):
    5206    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5207
    5208
    5209class Array(Func):
    5210    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "bracket_notation": False}
    5211    is_var_len_args = True
    5212
    5213
    5214# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_array
    5215class ToArray(Func):
    5216    pass
    5217
    5218
    5219# https://materialize.com/docs/sql/types/list/
    5220class List(Func):
    5221    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    5222    is_var_len_args = True
    5223
    5224
    5225# String pad, kind True -> LPAD, False -> RPAD
    5226class Pad(Func):
    5227    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "fill_pattern": False, "is_left": True}
    5228
    5229
    5230# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_char
    5231# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/TO_CHAR-number.html
    5232class ToChar(Func):
    5233    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "nlsparam": False}
    5234
    5235
    5236# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_decimal
    5237# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/TO_NUMBER.html
    5238class ToNumber(Func):
    5239    arg_types = {
    5240        "this": True,
    5241        "format": False,
    5242        "nlsparam": False,
    5243        "precision": False,
    5244        "scale": False,
    5245    }
    5246
    5247
    5248# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_double
    5249class ToDouble(Func):
    5250    arg_types = {
    5251        "this": True,
    5252        "format": False,
    5253    }
    5254
    5255
    5256class Columns(Func):
    5257    arg_types = {"this": True, "unpack": False}
    5258
    5259
    5260# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/cast-and-convert-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
    5261class Convert(Func):
    5262    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "style": False}
    5263
    5264
    5265class ConvertTimezone(Func):
    5266    arg_types = {"source_tz": False, "target_tz": True, "timestamp": True}
    5267
    5268
    5269class GenerateSeries(Func):
    5270    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False, "is_end_exclusive": False}
    5271
    5272
    5273# Postgres' GENERATE_SERIES function returns a row set, i.e. it implicitly explodes when it's
    5274# used in a projection, so this expression is a helper that facilitates transpilation to other
    5275# dialects. For example, we'd generate UNNEST(GENERATE_SERIES(...)) in DuckDB
    5276class ExplodingGenerateSeries(GenerateSeries):
    5277    pass
    5278
    5279
    5280class ArrayAgg(AggFunc):
    5281    arg_types = {"this": True, "nulls_excluded": False}
    5282
    5283
    5284class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc):
    5285    pass
    5286
    5287
    5288class ArrayAll(Func):
    5289    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5290
    5291
    5292# Represents Python's `any(f(x) for x in array)`, where `array` is `this` and `f` is `expression`
    5293class ArrayAny(Func):
    5294    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5295
    5296
    5297class ArrayConcat(Func):
    5298    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONCAT", "ARRAY_CAT"]
    5299    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5300    is_var_len_args = True
    5301
    5302
    5303class ArrayConstructCompact(Func):
    5304    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5305    is_var_len_args = True
    5306
    5307
    5308class ArrayContains(Binary, Func):
    5309    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS", "ARRAY_HAS"]
    5310
    5311
    5312class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func):
    5313    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL", "ARRAY_HAS_ALL"]
    5314
    5315
    5316class ArrayFilter(Func):
    5317    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5318    _sql_names = ["FILTER", "ARRAY_FILTER"]
    5319
    5320
    5321class ArrayToString(Func):
    5322    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    5323    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_TO_STRING", "ARRAY_JOIN"]
    5324
    5325
    5326# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/timestamp_functions#string
    5327class String(Func):
    5328    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": False}
    5329
    5330
    5331class StringToArray(Func):
    5332    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    5333    _sql_names = ["STRING_TO_ARRAY", "SPLIT_BY_STRING"]
    5334
    5335
    5336class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func):
    5337    pass
    5338
    5339
    5340class ArraySize(Func):
    5341    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5342    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_SIZE", "ARRAY_LENGTH"]
    5343
    5344
    5345class ArraySort(Func):
    5346    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5347
    5348
    5349class ArraySum(Func):
    5350    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5351
    5352
    5353class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc):
    5354    pass
    5355
    5356
    5357class Avg(AggFunc):
    5358    pass
    5359
    5360
    5361class AnyValue(AggFunc):
    5362    pass
    5363
    5364
    5365class Lag(AggFunc):
    5366    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}
    5367
    5368
    5369class Lead(AggFunc):
    5370    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}
    5371
    5372
    5373# some dialects have a distinction between first and first_value, usually first is an aggregate func
    5374# and first_value is a window func
    5375class First(AggFunc):
    5376    pass
    5377
    5378
    5379class Last(AggFunc):
    5380    pass
    5381
    5382
    5383class FirstValue(AggFunc):
    5384    pass
    5385
    5386
    5387class LastValue(AggFunc):
    5388    pass
    5389
    5390
    5391class NthValue(AggFunc):
    5392    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": True}
    5393
    5394
    5395class Case(Func):
    5396    arg_types = {"this": False, "ifs": True, "default": False}
    5397
    5398    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5399        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5400        instance.append(
    5401            "ifs",
    5402            If(
    5403                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    5404                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    5405            ),
    5406        )
    5407        return instance
    5408
    5409    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5410        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5411        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    5412        return instance
    5413
    5414
    5415class Cast(Func):
    5416    arg_types = {
    5417        "this": True,
    5418        "to": True,
    5419        "format": False,
    5420        "safe": False,
    5421        "action": False,
    5422    }
    5423
    5424    @property
    5425    def name(self) -> str:
    5426        return self.this.name
    5427
    5428    @property
    5429    def to(self) -> DataType:
    5430        return self.args["to"]
    5431
    5432    @property
    5433    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5434        return self.name
    5435
    5436    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    5437        """
    5438        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    5439        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    5440        array<int> != array<float>.
    5441
    5442        Args:
    5443            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    5444
    5445        Returns:
    5446            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    5447        """
    5448        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)
    5449
    5450
    5451class TryCast(Cast):
    5452    pass
    5453
    5454
    5455class Try(Func):
    5456    pass
    5457
    5458
    5459class CastToStrType(Func):
    5460    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True}
    5461
    5462
    5463class Collate(Binary, Func):
    5464    pass
    5465
    5466
    5467class Ceil(Func):
    5468    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    5469    _sql_names = ["CEIL", "CEILING"]
    5470
    5471
    5472class Coalesce(Func):
    5473    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "is_nvl": False}
    5474    is_var_len_args = True
    5475    _sql_names = ["COALESCE", "IFNULL", "NVL"]
    5476
    5477
    5478class Chr(Func):
    5479    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "charset": False}
    5480    is_var_len_args = True
    5481    _sql_names = ["CHR", "CHAR"]
    5482
    5483
    5484class Concat(Func):
    5485    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "safe": False, "coalesce": False}
    5486    is_var_len_args = True
    5487
    5488
    5489class ConcatWs(Concat):
    5490    _sql_names = ["CONCAT_WS"]
    5491
    5492
    5493class Contains(Func):
    5494    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5495
    5496
    5497# https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B13789_01/server.101/b10759/operators004.htm#i1035022
    5498class ConnectByRoot(Func):
    5499    pass
    5500
    5501
    5502class Count(AggFunc):
    5503    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "big_int": False}
    5504    is_var_len_args = True
    5505
    5506
    5507class CountIf(AggFunc):
    5508    _sql_names = ["COUNT_IF", "COUNTIF"]
    5509
    5510
    5511# cube root
    5512class Cbrt(Func):
    5513    pass
    5514
    5515
    5516class CurrentDate(Func):
    5517    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5518
    5519
    5520class CurrentDatetime(Func):
    5521    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5522
    5523
    5524class CurrentTime(Func):
    5525    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5526
    5527
    5528class CurrentTimestamp(Func):
    5529    arg_types = {"this": False, "sysdate": False}
    5530
    5531
    5532class CurrentUser(Func):
    5533    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5534
    5535
    5536class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5537    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5538
    5539
    5540class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5541    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5542
    5543
    5544class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5545    _sql_names = ["DATEDIFF", "DATE_DIFF"]
    5546    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5547
    5548
    5549class DateTrunc(Func):
    5550    arg_types = {"unit": True, "this": True, "zone": False}
    5551
    5552    def __init__(self, **args):
    5553        # Across most dialects it's safe to unabbreviate the unit (e.g. 'Q' -> 'QUARTER') except Oracle
    5554        # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/ROUND-and-TRUNC-Date-Functions.html
    5555        unabbreviate = args.pop("unabbreviate", True)
    5556
    5557        unit = args.get("unit")
    5558        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5559            unit_name = unit.name.upper()
    5560            if unabbreviate and unit_name in TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME:
    5561                unit_name = TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME[unit_name]
    5562
    5563            args["unit"] = Literal.string(unit_name)
    5564        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5565            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5566
    5567        super().__init__(**args)
    5568
    5569    @property
    5570    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5571        return self.args["unit"]
    5572
    5573
    5574# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/datetime_functions#datetime
    5575# expression can either be time_expr or time_zone
    5576class Datetime(Func):
    5577    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5578
    5579
    5580class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5581    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5582
    5583
    5584class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5585    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5586
    5587
    5588class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5589    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5590
    5591
    5592class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5593    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5594
    5595
    5596class DayOfWeek(Func):
    5597    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_WEEK", "DAYOFWEEK"]
    5598
    5599
    5600# https://duckdb.org/docs/sql/functions/datepart.html#part-specifiers-only-usable-as-date-part-specifiers
    5601# ISO day of week function in duckdb is ISODOW
    5602class DayOfWeekIso(Func):
    5603    _sql_names = ["DAYOFWEEK_ISO", "ISODOW"]
    5604
    5605
    5606class DayOfMonth(Func):
    5607    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_MONTH", "DAYOFMONTH"]
    5608
    5609
    5610class DayOfYear(Func):
    5611    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_YEAR", "DAYOFYEAR"]
    5612
    5613
    5614class ToDays(Func):
    5615    pass
    5616
    5617
    5618class WeekOfYear(Func):
    5619    _sql_names = ["WEEK_OF_YEAR", "WEEKOFYEAR"]
    5620
    5621
    5622class MonthsBetween(Func):
    5623    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "roundoff": False}
    5624
    5625
    5626class MakeInterval(Func):
    5627    arg_types = {
    5628        "year": False,
    5629        "month": False,
    5630        "day": False,
    5631        "hour": False,
    5632        "minute": False,
    5633        "second": False,
    5634    }
    5635
    5636
    5637class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit):
    5638    _sql_names = ["LAST_DAY", "LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH"]
    5639    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": False}
    5640
    5641
    5642class Extract(Func):
    5643    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5644
    5645
    5646class Exists(Func, SubqueryPredicate):
    5647    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5648
    5649
    5650class Timestamp(Func):
    5651    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "with_tz": False}
    5652
    5653
    5654class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5655    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5656
    5657
    5658class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5659    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5660
    5661
    5662class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5663    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMPDIFF", "TIMESTAMP_DIFF"]
    5664    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5665
    5666
    5667class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5668    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5669
    5670
    5671class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5672    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5673
    5674
    5675class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5676    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5677
    5678
    5679class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5680    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    5681
    5682
    5683class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5684    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}
    5685
    5686
    5687class DateFromParts(Func):
    5688    _sql_names = ["DATE_FROM_PARTS", "DATEFROMPARTS"]
    5689    arg_types = {"year": True, "month": True, "day": True}
    5690
    5691
    5692class TimeFromParts(Func):
    5693    _sql_names = ["TIME_FROM_PARTS", "TIMEFROMPARTS"]
    5694    arg_types = {
    5695        "hour": True,
    5696        "min": True,
    5697        "sec": True,
    5698        "nano": False,
    5699        "fractions": False,
    5700        "precision": False,
    5701    }
    5702
    5703
    5704class DateStrToDate(Func):
    5705    pass
    5706
    5707
    5708class DateToDateStr(Func):
    5709    pass
    5710
    5711
    5712class DateToDi(Func):
    5713    pass
    5714
    5715
    5716# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/date_functions#date
    5717class Date(Func):
    5718    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "expressions": False}
    5719    is_var_len_args = True
    5720
    5721
    5722class Day(Func):
    5723    pass
    5724
    5725
    5726class Decode(Func):
    5727    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True, "replace": False}
    5728
    5729
    5730class DiToDate(Func):
    5731    pass
    5732
    5733
    5734class Encode(Func):
    5735    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True}
    5736
    5737
    5738class Exp(Func):
    5739    pass
    5740
    5741
    5742# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/flatten
    5743class Explode(Func, UDTF):
    5744    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5745    is_var_len_args = True
    5746
    5747
    5748# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/#inline
    5749class Inline(Func):
    5750    pass
    5751
    5752
    5753class ExplodeOuter(Explode):
    5754    pass
    5755
    5756
    5757class Posexplode(Explode):
    5758    pass
    5759
    5760
    5761class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter):
    5762    pass
    5763
    5764
    5765class Unnest(Func, UDTF):
    5766    arg_types = {
    5767        "expressions": True,
    5768        "alias": False,
    5769        "offset": False,
    5770        "explode_array": False,
    5771    }
    5772
    5773    @property
    5774    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5775        columns = super().selects
    5776        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    5777        if offset:
    5778            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    5779        return columns
    5780
    5781
    5782class Floor(Func):
    5783    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    5784
    5785
    5786class FromBase64(Func):
    5787    pass
    5788
    5789
    5790class FeaturesAtTime(Func):
    5791    arg_types = {"this": True, "time": False, "num_rows": False, "ignore_feature_nulls": False}
    5792
    5793
    5794class ToBase64(Func):
    5795    pass
    5796
    5797
    5798# https://trino.io/docs/current/functions/datetime.html#from_iso8601_timestamp
    5799class FromISO8601Timestamp(Func):
    5800    _sql_names = ["FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP"]
    5801
    5802
    5803class GapFill(Func):
    5804    arg_types = {
    5805        "this": True,
    5806        "ts_column": True,
    5807        "bucket_width": True,
    5808        "partitioning_columns": False,
    5809        "value_columns": False,
    5810        "origin": False,
    5811        "ignore_nulls": False,
    5812    }
    5813
    5814
    5815# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/array_functions#generate_date_array
    5816class GenerateDateArray(Func):
    5817    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False}
    5818
    5819
    5820# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/array_functions#generate_timestamp_array
    5821class GenerateTimestampArray(Func):
    5822    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": True}
    5823
    5824
    5825class Greatest(Func):
    5826    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5827    is_var_len_args = True
    5828
    5829
    5830# Trino's `ON OVERFLOW TRUNCATE [filler_string] {WITH | WITHOUT} COUNT`
    5831# https://trino.io/docs/current/functions/aggregate.html#listagg
    5832class OverflowTruncateBehavior(Expression):
    5833    arg_types = {"this": False, "with_count": True}
    5834
    5835
    5836class GroupConcat(AggFunc):
    5837    arg_types = {"this": True, "separator": False, "on_overflow": False}
    5838
    5839
    5840class Hex(Func):
    5841    pass
    5842
    5843
    5844class LowerHex(Hex):
    5845    pass
    5846
    5847
    5848class Xor(Connector, Func):
    5849    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False, "expressions": False}
    5850
    5851
    5852class If(Func):
    5853    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    5854    _sql_names = ["IF", "IIF"]
    5855
    5856
    5857class Nullif(Func):
    5858    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5859
    5860
    5861class Initcap(Func):
    5862    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5863
    5864
    5865class IsNan(Func):
    5866    _sql_names = ["IS_NAN", "ISNAN"]
    5867
    5868
    5869# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#int64_for_json
    5870class Int64(Func):
    5871    pass
    5872
    5873
    5874class IsInf(Func):
    5875    _sql_names = ["IS_INF", "ISINF"]
    5876
    5877
    5878# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-json.html
    5879class JSON(Expression):
    5880    arg_types = {"this": False, "with": False, "unique": False}
    5881
    5882
    5883class JSONPath(Expression):
    5884    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "escape": False}
    5885
    5886    @property
    5887    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5888        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5889        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""
    5890
    5891
    5892class JSONPathPart(Expression):
    5893    arg_types = {}
    5894
    5895
    5896class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart):
    5897    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5898
    5899
    5900class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart):
    5901    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5902
    5903
    5904class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart):
    5905    arg_types = {"this": False}
    5906
    5907
    5908class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart):
    5909    pass
    5910
    5911
    5912class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart):
    5913    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5914
    5915
    5916class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart):
    5917    arg_types = {"start": False, "end": False, "step": False}
    5918
    5919
    5920class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart):
    5921    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5922
    5923
    5924class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart):
    5925    arg_types = {"this": True}
    5926
    5927
    5928class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart):
    5929    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5930
    5931
    5932class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart):
    5933    pass
    5934
    5935
    5936class FormatJson(Expression):
    5937    pass
    5938
    5939
    5940class JSONKeyValue(Expression):
    5941    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5942
    5943
    5944class JSONObject(Func):
    5945    arg_types = {
    5946        "expressions": False,
    5947        "null_handling": False,
    5948        "unique_keys": False,
    5949        "return_type": False,
    5950        "encoding": False,
    5951    }
    5952
    5953
    5954class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc):
    5955    arg_types = {
    5956        "expressions": False,
    5957        "null_handling": False,
    5958        "unique_keys": False,
    5959        "return_type": False,
    5960        "encoding": False,
    5961    }
    5962
    5963
    5964# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_ARRAY.html
    5965class JSONArray(Func):
    5966    arg_types = {
    5967        "expressions": True,
    5968        "null_handling": False,
    5969        "return_type": False,
    5970        "strict": False,
    5971    }
    5972
    5973
    5974# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_ARRAYAGG.html
    5975class JSONArrayAgg(Func):
    5976    arg_types = {
    5977        "this": True,
    5978        "order": False,
    5979        "null_handling": False,
    5980        "return_type": False,
    5981        "strict": False,
    5982    }
    5983
    5984
    5985class JSONExists(Func):
    5986    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": True, "passing": False, "on_condition": False}
    5987
    5988
    5989# https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_TABLE.html
    5990# Note: parsing of JSON column definitions is currently incomplete.
    5991class JSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5992    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False, "path": False, "nested_schema": False}
    5993
    5994
    5995class JSONSchema(Expression):
    5996    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5997
    5998
    5999# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-value
    6000class JSONValue(Expression):
    6001    arg_types = {
    6002        "this": True,
    6003        "path": True,
    6004        "returning": False,
    6005        "on_condition": False,
    6006    }
    6007
    6008
    6009class JSONValueArray(Func):
    6010    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    6011
    6012
    6013# # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sqlrf/JSON_TABLE.html
    6014class JSONTable(Func):
    6015    arg_types = {
    6016        "this": True,
    6017        "schema": True,
    6018        "path": False,
    6019        "error_handling": False,
    6020        "empty_handling": False,
    6021    }
    6022
    6023
    6024# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_insert
    6025class ObjectInsert(Func):
    6026    arg_types = {
    6027        "this": True,
    6028        "key": True,
    6029        "value": True,
    6030        "update_flag": False,
    6031    }
    6032
    6033
    6034class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression):
    6035    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "path": False, "as_json": False}
    6036
    6037
    6038class OpenJSON(Func):
    6039    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": False, "expressions": False}
    6040
    6041
    6042class JSONBContains(Binary, Func):
    6043    _sql_names = ["JSONB_CONTAINS"]
    6044
    6045
    6046class JSONBExists(Func):
    6047    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": True}
    6048    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXISTS"]
    6049
    6050
    6051class JSONExtract(Binary, Func):
    6052    arg_types = {
    6053        "this": True,
    6054        "expression": True,
    6055        "only_json_types": False,
    6056        "expressions": False,
    6057        "variant_extract": False,
    6058        "json_query": False,
    6059        "option": False,
    6060    }
    6061    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT"]
    6062    is_var_len_args = True
    6063
    6064    @property
    6065    def output_name(self) -> str:
    6066        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""
    6067
    6068
    6069class JSONExtractArray(Func):
    6070    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    6071    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY"]
    6072
    6073
    6074class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    6075    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "only_json_types": False, "expressions": False}
    6076    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    6077    is_var_len_args = True
    6078
    6079    @property
    6080    def output_name(self) -> str:
    6081        return self.expression.output_name
    6082
    6083
    6084class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func):
    6085    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT"]
    6086
    6087
    6088class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    6089    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    6090
    6091
    6092class JSONFormat(Func):
    6093    arg_types = {"this": False, "options": False}
    6094    _sql_names = ["JSON_FORMAT"]
    6095
    6096
    6097# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html#operator_member-of
    6098class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func):
    6099    _sql_names = ["JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS"]
    6100
    6101
    6102class ParseJSON(Func):
    6103    # BigQuery, Snowflake have PARSE_JSON, Presto has JSON_PARSE
    6104    # Snowflake also has TRY_PARSE_JSON, which is represented using `safe`
    6105    _sql_names = ["PARSE_JSON", "JSON_PARSE"]
    6106    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "safe": False}
    6107
    6108
    6109class Least(Func):
    6110    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    6111    is_var_len_args = True
    6112
    6113
    6114class Left(Func):
    6115    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6116
    6117
    6118class Right(Func):
    6119    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6120
    6121
    6122class Length(Func):
    6123    arg_types = {"this": True, "binary": False}
    6124    _sql_names = ["LENGTH", "LEN"]
    6125
    6126
    6127class Levenshtein(Func):
    6128    arg_types = {
    6129        "this": True,
    6130        "expression": False,
    6131        "ins_cost": False,
    6132        "del_cost": False,
    6133        "sub_cost": False,
    6134        "max_dist": False,
    6135    }
    6136
    6137
    6138class Ln(Func):
    6139    pass
    6140
    6141
    6142class Log(Func):
    6143    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    6144
    6145
    6146class LogicalOr(AggFunc):
    6147    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_OR", "BOOL_OR", "BOOLOR_AGG"]
    6148
    6149
    6150class LogicalAnd(AggFunc):
    6151    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_AND", "BOOL_AND", "BOOLAND_AGG"]
    6152
    6153
    6154class Lower(Func):
    6155    _sql_names = ["LOWER", "LCASE"]
    6156
    6157
    6158class Map(Func):
    6159    arg_types = {"keys": False, "values": False}
    6160
    6161    @property
    6162    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6163        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    6164        return keys.expressions if keys else []
    6165
    6166    @property
    6167    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6168        values = self.args.get("values")
    6169        return values.expressions if values else []
    6170
    6171
    6172# Represents the MAP {...} syntax in DuckDB - basically convert a struct to a MAP
    6173class ToMap(Func):
    6174    pass
    6175
    6176
    6177class MapFromEntries(Func):
    6178    pass
    6179
    6180
    6181# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/scope-resolution-operator-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    6182class ScopeResolution(Expression):
    6183    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True}
    6184
    6185
    6186class Stream(Expression):
    6187    pass
    6188
    6189
    6190class StarMap(Func):
    6191    pass
    6192
    6193
    6194class VarMap(Func):
    6195    arg_types = {"keys": True, "values": True}
    6196    is_var_len_args = True
    6197
    6198    @property
    6199    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6200        return self.args["keys"].expressions
    6201
    6202    @property
    6203    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6204        return self.args["values"].expressions
    6205
    6206
    6207# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/fulltext-search.html
    6208class MatchAgainst(Func):
    6209    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "modifier": False}
    6210
    6211
    6212class Max(AggFunc):
    6213    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    6214    is_var_len_args = True
    6215
    6216
    6217class MD5(Func):
    6218    _sql_names = ["MD5"]
    6219
    6220
    6221# Represents the variant of the MD5 function that returns a binary value
    6222class MD5Digest(Func):
    6223    _sql_names = ["MD5_DIGEST"]
    6224
    6225
    6226class Median(AggFunc):
    6227    pass
    6228
    6229
    6230class Min(AggFunc):
    6231    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    6232    is_var_len_args = True
    6233
    6234
    6235class Month(Func):
    6236    pass
    6237
    6238
    6239class AddMonths(Func):
    6240    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6241
    6242
    6243class Nvl2(Func):
    6244    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    6245
    6246
    6247class Normalize(Func):
    6248    arg_types = {"this": True, "form": False}
    6249
    6250
    6251class Overlay(Func):
    6252    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "from": True, "for": False}
    6253
    6254
    6255# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/bigqueryml-syntax-predict#mlpredict_function
    6256class Predict(Func):
    6257    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "params_struct": False}
    6258
    6259
    6260class Pow(Binary, Func):
    6261    _sql_names = ["POWER", "POW"]
    6262
    6263
    6264class PercentileCont(AggFunc):
    6265    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    6266
    6267
    6268class PercentileDisc(AggFunc):
    6269    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    6270
    6271
    6272class Quantile(AggFunc):
    6273    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True}
    6274
    6275
    6276class ApproxQuantile(Quantile):
    6277    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True, "accuracy": False, "weight": False}
    6278
    6279
    6280class Quarter(Func):
    6281    pass
    6282
    6283
    6284# https://docs.teradata.com/r/Enterprise_IntelliFlex_VMware/SQL-Functions-Expressions-and-Predicates/Arithmetic-Trigonometric-Hyperbolic-Operators/Functions/RANDOM/RANDOM-Function-Syntax
    6285# teradata lower and upper bounds
    6286class Rand(Func):
    6287    _sql_names = ["RAND", "RANDOM"]
    6288    arg_types = {"this": False, "lower": False, "upper": False}
    6289
    6290
    6291class Randn(Func):
    6292    arg_types = {"this": False}
    6293
    6294
    6295class RangeN(Func):
    6296    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "each": False}
    6297
    6298
    6299class ReadCSV(Func):
    6300    _sql_names = ["READ_CSV"]
    6301    is_var_len_args = True
    6302    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    6303
    6304
    6305class Reduce(Func):
    6306    arg_types = {"this": True, "initial": True, "merge": True, "finish": False}
    6307
    6308
    6309class RegexpExtract(Func):
    6310    arg_types = {
    6311        "this": True,
    6312        "expression": True,
    6313        "position": False,
    6314        "occurrence": False,
    6315        "parameters": False,
    6316        "group": False,
    6317    }
    6318
    6319
    6320class RegexpExtractAll(Func):
    6321    arg_types = {
    6322        "this": True,
    6323        "expression": True,
    6324        "position": False,
    6325        "occurrence": False,
    6326        "parameters": False,
    6327        "group": False,
    6328    }
    6329
    6330
    6331class RegexpReplace(Func):
    6332    arg_types = {
    6333        "this": True,
    6334        "expression": True,
    6335        "replacement": False,
    6336        "position": False,
    6337        "occurrence": False,
    6338        "modifiers": False,
    6339    }
    6340
    6341
    6342class RegexpLike(Binary, Func):
    6343    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}
    6344
    6345
    6346class RegexpILike(Binary, Func):
    6347    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}
    6348
    6349
    6350# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/python/reference/pyspark.sql/api/pyspark.sql.functions.split.html
    6351# limit is the number of times a pattern is applied
    6352class RegexpSplit(Func):
    6353    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}
    6354
    6355
    6356class Repeat(Func):
    6357    arg_types = {"this": True, "times": True}
    6358
    6359
    6360# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/round-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    6361# tsql third argument function == trunctaion if not 0
    6362class Round(Func):
    6363    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False, "truncate": False}
    6364
    6365
    6366class RowNumber(Func):
    6367    arg_types = {"this": False}
    6368
    6369
    6370class SafeDivide(Func):
    6371    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6372
    6373
    6374class SHA(Func):
    6375    _sql_names = ["SHA", "SHA1"]
    6376
    6377
    6378class SHA2(Func):
    6379    _sql_names = ["SHA2"]
    6380    arg_types = {"this": True, "length": False}
    6381
    6382
    6383class Sign(Func):
    6384    _sql_names = ["SIGN", "SIGNUM"]
    6385
    6386
    6387class SortArray(Func):
    6388    arg_types = {"this": True, "asc": False}
    6389
    6390
    6391class Split(Func):
    6392    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}
    6393
    6394
    6395# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/python/reference/pyspark.sql/api/pyspark.sql.functions.split_part.html
    6396class SplitPart(Func):
    6397    arg_types = {"this": True, "delimiter": True, "part_index": True}
    6398
    6399
    6400# Start may be omitted in the case of postgres
    6401# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/functions-string.html @ Table 9-6
    6402class Substring(Func):
    6403    _sql_names = ["SUBSTRING", "SUBSTR"]
    6404    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": False, "length": False}
    6405
    6406
    6407class StandardHash(Func):
    6408    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    6409
    6410
    6411class StartsWith(Func):
    6412    _sql_names = ["STARTS_WITH", "STARTSWITH"]
    6413    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6414
    6415
    6416class StrPosition(Func):
    6417    arg_types = {
    6418        "this": True,
    6419        "substr": True,
    6420        "position": False,
    6421        "instance": False,
    6422    }
    6423
    6424
    6425class StrToDate(Func):
    6426    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}
    6427
    6428
    6429class StrToTime(Func):
    6430    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "zone": False, "safe": False}
    6431
    6432
    6433# Spark allows unix_timestamp()
    6434# https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.1.3/api/python/reference/api/pyspark.sql.functions.unix_timestamp.html
    6435class StrToUnix(Func):
    6436    arg_types = {"this": False, "format": False}
    6437
    6438
    6439# https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/string.html
    6440# https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/sql/index.html#str_to_map
    6441class StrToMap(Func):
    6442    arg_types = {
    6443        "this": True,
    6444        "pair_delim": False,
    6445        "key_value_delim": False,
    6446        "duplicate_resolution_callback": False,
    6447    }
    6448
    6449
    6450class NumberToStr(Func):
    6451    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False}
    6452
    6453
    6454class FromBase(Func):
    6455    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6456
    6457
    6458class Struct(Func):
    6459    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    6460    is_var_len_args = True
    6461
    6462
    6463class StructExtract(Func):
    6464    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    6465
    6466
    6467# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/stuff-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    6468# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/insert
    6469class Stuff(Func):
    6470    _sql_names = ["STUFF", "INSERT"]
    6471    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": True, "length": True, "expression": True}
    6472
    6473
    6474class Sum(AggFunc):
    6475    pass
    6476
    6477
    6478class Sqrt(Func):
    6479    pass
    6480
    6481
    6482class Stddev(AggFunc):
    6483    _sql_names = ["STDDEV", "STDEV"]
    6484
    6485
    6486class StddevPop(AggFunc):
    6487    pass
    6488
    6489
    6490class StddevSamp(AggFunc):
    6491    pass
    6492
    6493
    6494# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/time_functions#time
    6495class Time(Func):
    6496    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False}
    6497
    6498
    6499class TimeToStr(Func):
    6500    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False, "zone": False}
    6501
    6502
    6503class TimeToTimeStr(Func):
    6504    pass
    6505
    6506
    6507class TimeToUnix(Func):
    6508    pass
    6509
    6510
    6511class TimeStrToDate(Func):
    6512    pass
    6513
    6514
    6515class TimeStrToTime(Func):
    6516    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": False}
    6517
    6518
    6519class TimeStrToUnix(Func):
    6520    pass
    6521
    6522
    6523class Trim(Func):
    6524    arg_types = {
    6525        "this": True,
    6526        "expression": False,
    6527        "position": False,
    6528        "collation": False,
    6529    }
    6530
    6531
    6532class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    6533    # return_type is used to correctly cast the arguments of this expression when transpiling it
    6534    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False, "return_type": False}
    6535
    6536    @property
    6537    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    6538        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)
    6539
    6540
    6541class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    6542    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}
    6543
    6544
    6545class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func):
    6546    pass
    6547
    6548
    6549class TsOrDsToDate(Func):
    6550    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}
    6551
    6552
    6553class TsOrDsToDatetime(Func):
    6554    pass
    6555
    6556
    6557class TsOrDsToTime(Func):
    6558    pass
    6559
    6560
    6561class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func):
    6562    pass
    6563
    6564
    6565class TsOrDiToDi(Func):
    6566    pass
    6567
    6568
    6569class Unhex(Func):
    6570    pass
    6571
    6572
    6573# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/date_functions#unix_date
    6574class UnixDate(Func):
    6575    pass
    6576
    6577
    6578class UnixToStr(Func):
    6579    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False}
    6580
    6581
    6582# https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/datetime.html
    6583# presto has weird zone/hours/minutes
    6584class UnixToTime(Func):
    6585    arg_types = {
    6586        "this": True,
    6587        "scale": False,
    6588        "zone": False,
    6589        "hours": False,
    6590        "minutes": False,
    6591        "format": False,
    6592    }
    6593
    6594    SECONDS = Literal.number(0)
    6595    DECIS = Literal.number(1)
    6596    CENTIS = Literal.number(2)
    6597    MILLIS = Literal.number(3)
    6598    DECIMILLIS = Literal.number(4)
    6599    CENTIMILLIS = Literal.number(5)
    6600    MICROS = Literal.number(6)
    6601    DECIMICROS = Literal.number(7)
    6602    CENTIMICROS = Literal.number(8)
    6603    NANOS = Literal.number(9)
    6604
    6605
    6606class UnixToTimeStr(Func):
    6607    pass
    6608
    6609
    6610class UnixSeconds(Func):
    6611    pass
    6612
    6613
    6614class Uuid(Func):
    6615    _sql_names = ["UUID", "GEN_RANDOM_UUID", "GENERATE_UUID", "UUID_STRING"]
    6616
    6617    arg_types = {"this": False, "name": False}
    6618
    6619
    6620class TimestampFromParts(Func):
    6621    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS"]
    6622    arg_types = {
    6623        "year": True,
    6624        "month": True,
    6625        "day": True,
    6626        "hour": True,
    6627        "min": True,
    6628        "sec": True,
    6629        "nano": False,
    6630        "zone": False,
    6631        "milli": False,
    6632    }
    6633
    6634
    6635class Upper(Func):
    6636    _sql_names = ["UPPER", "UCASE"]
    6637
    6638
    6639class Corr(Binary, AggFunc):
    6640    pass
    6641
    6642
    6643class Variance(AggFunc):
    6644    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE", "VARIANCE_SAMP", "VAR_SAMP"]
    6645
    6646
    6647class VariancePop(AggFunc):
    6648    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE_POP", "VAR_POP"]
    6649
    6650
    6651class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc):
    6652    pass
    6653
    6654
    6655class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc):
    6656    pass
    6657
    6658
    6659class Week(Func):
    6660    arg_types = {"this": True, "mode": False}
    6661
    6662
    6663class XMLTable(Func):
    6664    arg_types = {"this": True, "passing": False, "columns": False, "by_ref": False}
    6665
    6666
    6667class Year(Func):
    6668    pass
    6669
    6670
    6671class Use(Expression):
    6672    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}
    6673
    6674
    6675class Merge(DML):
    6676    arg_types = {
    6677        "this": True,
    6678        "using": True,
    6679        "on": True,
    6680        "expressions": True,
    6681        "with": False,
    6682        "returning": False,
    6683    }
    6684
    6685
    6686class When(Func):
    6687    arg_types = {"matched": True, "source": False, "condition": False, "then": True}
    6688
    6689
    6690# https://docs.oracle.com/javadb/10.8.3.0/ref/rrefsqljnextvaluefor.html
    6691# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/next-value-for-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
    6692class NextValueFor(Func):
    6693    arg_types = {"this": True, "order": False}
    6694
    6695
    6696# Refers to a trailing semi-colon. This is only used to preserve trailing comments
    6697# select 1; -- my comment
    6698class Semicolon(Expression):
    6699    arg_types = {}
    6700
    6701
    6702def _norm_arg(arg):
    6703    return arg.lower() if type(arg) is str else arg
    6704
    6705
    6706ALL_FUNCTIONS = subclasses(__name__, Func, (AggFunc, Anonymous, Func))
    6707FUNCTION_BY_NAME = {name: func for func in ALL_FUNCTIONS for name in func.sql_names()}
    6708
    6709JSON_PATH_PARTS = subclasses(__name__, JSONPathPart, (JSONPathPart,))
    6710
    6711PERCENTILES = (PercentileCont, PercentileDisc)
    6712
    6713
    6714# Helpers
    6715@t.overload
    6716def maybe_parse(
    6717    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6718    *,
    6719    into: t.Type[E],
    6720    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6721    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6722    copy: bool = False,
    6723    **opts,
    6724) -> E: ...
    6725
    6726
    6727@t.overload
    6728def maybe_parse(
    6729    sql_or_expression: str | E,
    6730    *,
    6731    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6732    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6733    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6734    copy: bool = False,
    6735    **opts,
    6736) -> E: ...
    6737
    6738
    6739def maybe_parse(
    6740    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6741    *,
    6742    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6743    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6744    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6745    copy: bool = False,
    6746    **opts,
    6747) -> Expression:
    6748    """Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.
    6749
    6750    Example:
    6751        >>> maybe_parse("1")
    6752        Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
    6753        >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
    6754        Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)
    6755
    6756    Args:
    6757        sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
    6758        into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
    6759        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6760            input expression is a SQL string).
    6761        prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed
    6762            (automatically includes a space)
    6763        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6764        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6765            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6766
    6767    Returns:
    6768        Expression: the parsed or given expression.
    6769    """
    6770    if isinstance(sql_or_expression, Expression):
    6771        if copy:
    6772            return sql_or_expression.copy()
    6773        return sql_or_expression
    6774
    6775    if sql_or_expression is None:
    6776        raise ParseError("SQL cannot be None")
    6777
    6778    import sqlglot
    6779
    6780    sql = str(sql_or_expression)
    6781    if prefix:
    6782        sql = f"{prefix} {sql}"
    6783
    6784    return sqlglot.parse_one(sql, read=dialect, into=into, **opts)
    6785
    6786
    6787@t.overload
    6788def maybe_copy(instance: None, copy: bool = True) -> None: ...
    6789
    6790
    6791@t.overload
    6792def maybe_copy(instance: E, copy: bool = True) -> E: ...
    6793
    6794
    6795def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True):
    6796    return instance.copy() if copy and instance else instance
    6797
    6798
    6799def _to_s(node: t.Any, verbose: bool = False, level: int = 0) -> str:
    6800    """Generate a textual representation of an Expression tree"""
    6801    indent = "\n" + ("  " * (level + 1))
    6802    delim = f",{indent}"
    6803
    6804    if isinstance(node, Expression):
    6805        args = {k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if (v is not None and v != []) or verbose}
    6806
    6807        if (node.type or verbose) and not isinstance(node, DataType):
    6808            args["_type"] = node.type
    6809        if node.comments or verbose:
    6810            args["_comments"] = node.comments
    6811
    6812        if verbose:
    6813            args["_id"] = id(node)
    6814
    6815        # Inline leaves for a more compact representation
    6816        if node.is_leaf():
    6817            indent = ""
    6818            delim = ", "
    6819
    6820        items = delim.join([f"{k}={_to_s(v, verbose, level + 1)}" for k, v in args.items()])
    6821        return f"{node.__class__.__name__}({indent}{items})"
    6822
    6823    if isinstance(node, list):
    6824        items = delim.join(_to_s(i, verbose, level + 1) for i in node)
    6825        items = f"{indent}{items}" if items else ""
    6826        return f"[{items}]"
    6827
    6828    # Indent multiline strings to match the current level
    6829    return indent.join(textwrap.dedent(str(node).strip("\n")).splitlines())
    6830
    6831
    6832def _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6833    return isinstance(expression, Expression) and not isinstance(expression, into)
    6834
    6835
    6836def _apply_builder(
    6837    expression,
    6838    instance,
    6839    arg,
    6840    copy=True,
    6841    prefix=None,
    6842    into=None,
    6843    dialect=None,
    6844    into_arg="this",
    6845    **opts,
    6846):
    6847    if _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6848        expression = into(**{into_arg: expression})
    6849    instance = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6850    expression = maybe_parse(
    6851        sql_or_expression=expression,
    6852        prefix=prefix,
    6853        into=into,
    6854        dialect=dialect,
    6855        **opts,
    6856    )
    6857    instance.set(arg, expression)
    6858    return instance
    6859
    6860
    6861def _apply_child_list_builder(
    6862    *expressions,
    6863    instance,
    6864    arg,
    6865    append=True,
    6866    copy=True,
    6867    prefix=None,
    6868    into=None,
    6869    dialect=None,
    6870    properties=None,
    6871    **opts,
    6872):
    6873    instance = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6874    parsed = []
    6875    properties = {} if properties is None else properties
    6876
    6877    for expression in expressions:
    6878        if expression is not None:
    6879            if _is_wrong_expression(expression, into):
    6880                expression = into(expressions=[expression])
    6881
    6882            expression = maybe_parse(
    6883                expression,
    6884                into=into,
    6885                dialect=dialect,
    6886                prefix=prefix,
    6887                **opts,
    6888            )
    6889            for k, v in expression.args.items():
    6890                if k == "expressions":
    6891                    parsed.extend(v)
    6892                else:
    6893                    properties[k] = v
    6894
    6895    existing = instance.args.get(arg)
    6896    if append and existing:
    6897        parsed = existing.expressions + parsed
    6898
    6899    child = into(expressions=parsed)
    6900    for k, v in properties.items():
    6901        child.set(k, v)
    6902    instance.set(arg, child)
    6903
    6904    return instance
    6905
    6906
    6907def _apply_list_builder(
    6908    *expressions,
    6909    instance,
    6910    arg,
    6911    append=True,
    6912    copy=True,
    6913    prefix=None,
    6914    into=None,
    6915    dialect=None,
    6916    **opts,
    6917):
    6918    inst = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6919
    6920    expressions = [
    6921        maybe_parse(
    6922            sql_or_expression=expression,
    6923            into=into,
    6924            prefix=prefix,
    6925            dialect=dialect,
    6926            **opts,
    6927        )
    6928        for expression in expressions
    6929        if expression is not None
    6930    ]
    6931
    6932    existing_expressions = inst.args.get(arg)
    6933    if append and existing_expressions:
    6934        expressions = existing_expressions + expressions
    6935
    6936    inst.set(arg, expressions)
    6937    return inst
    6938
    6939
    6940def _apply_conjunction_builder(
    6941    *expressions,
    6942    instance,
    6943    arg,
    6944    into=None,
    6945    append=True,
    6946    copy=True,
    6947    dialect=None,
    6948    **opts,
    6949):
    6950    expressions = [exp for exp in expressions if exp is not None and exp != ""]
    6951    if not expressions:
    6952        return instance
    6953
    6954    inst = maybe_copy(instance, copy)
    6955
    6956    existing = inst.args.get(arg)
    6957    if append and existing is not None:
    6958        expressions = [existing.this if into else existing] + list(expressions)
    6959
    6960    node = and_(*expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    6961
    6962    inst.set(arg, into(this=node) if into else node)
    6963    return inst
    6964
    6965
    6966def _apply_cte_builder(
    6967    instance: E,
    6968    alias: ExpOrStr,
    6969    as_: ExpOrStr,
    6970    recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6971    materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    6972    append: bool = True,
    6973    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6974    copy: bool = True,
    6975    **opts,
    6976) -> E:
    6977    alias_expression = maybe_parse(alias, dialect=dialect, into=TableAlias, **opts)
    6978    as_expression = maybe_parse(as_, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    6979    cte = CTE(this=as_expression, alias=alias_expression, materialized=materialized)
    6980    return _apply_child_list_builder(
    6981        cte,
    6982        instance=instance,
    6983        arg="with",
    6984        append=append,
    6985        copy=copy,
    6986        into=With,
    6987        properties={"recursive": recursive or False},
    6988    )
    6989
    6990
    6991def _combine(
    6992    expressions: t.Sequence[t.Optional[ExpOrStr]],
    6993    operator: t.Type[Connector],
    6994    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6995    copy: bool = True,
    6996    wrap: bool = True,
    6997    **opts,
    6998) -> Expression:
    6999    conditions = [
    7000        condition(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7001        for expression in expressions
    7002        if expression is not None
    7003    ]
    7004
    7005    this, *rest = conditions
    7006    if rest and wrap:
    7007        this = _wrap(this, Connector)
    7008    for expression in rest:
    7009        this = operator(this=this, expression=_wrap(expression, Connector) if wrap else expression)
    7010
    7011    return this
    7012
    7013
    7014@t.overload
    7015def _wrap(expression: None, kind: t.Type[Expression]) -> None: ...
    7016
    7017
    7018@t.overload
    7019def _wrap(expression: E, kind: t.Type[Expression]) -> E | Paren: ...
    7020
    7021
    7022def _wrap(expression: t.Optional[E], kind: t.Type[Expression]) -> t.Optional[E] | Paren:
    7023    return Paren(this=expression) if isinstance(expression, kind) else expression
    7024
    7025
    7026def _apply_set_operation(
    7027    *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    7028    set_operation: t.Type[S],
    7029    distinct: bool = True,
    7030    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7031    copy: bool = True,
    7032    **opts,
    7033) -> S:
    7034    return reduce(
    7035        lambda x, y: set_operation(this=x, expression=y, distinct=distinct),
    7036        (maybe_parse(e, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts) for e in expressions),
    7037    )
    7038
    7039
    7040def union(
    7041    *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    7042    distinct: bool = True,
    7043    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7044    copy: bool = True,
    7045    **opts,
    7046) -> Union:
    7047    """
    7048    Initializes a syntax tree for the `UNION` operation.
    7049
    7050    Example:
    7051        >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    7052        'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    7053
    7054    Args:
    7055        expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `UNION`'s operands.
    7056            If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    7057        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    7058        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7059        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7060        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7061
    7062    Returns:
    7063        The new Union instance.
    7064    """
    7065    assert len(expressions) >= 2, "At least two expressions are required by `union`."
    7066    return _apply_set_operation(
    7067        *expressions, set_operation=Union, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    7068    )
    7069
    7070
    7071def intersect(
    7072    *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    7073    distinct: bool = True,
    7074    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7075    copy: bool = True,
    7076    **opts,
    7077) -> Intersect:
    7078    """
    7079    Initializes a syntax tree for the `INTERSECT` operation.
    7080
    7081    Example:
    7082        >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    7083        'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    7084
    7085    Args:
    7086        expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `INTERSECT`'s operands.
    7087            If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    7088        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    7089        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7090        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7091        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7092
    7093    Returns:
    7094        The new Intersect instance.
    7095    """
    7096    assert len(expressions) >= 2, "At least two expressions are required by `intersect`."
    7097    return _apply_set_operation(
    7098        *expressions, set_operation=Intersect, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    7099    )
    7100
    7101
    7102def except_(
    7103    *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    7104    distinct: bool = True,
    7105    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7106    copy: bool = True,
    7107    **opts,
    7108) -> Except:
    7109    """
    7110    Initializes a syntax tree for the `EXCEPT` operation.
    7111
    7112    Example:
    7113        >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    7114        'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    7115
    7116    Args:
    7117        expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `EXCEPT`'s operands.
    7118            If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    7119        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    7120        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7121        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7122        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7123
    7124    Returns:
    7125        The new Except instance.
    7126    """
    7127    assert len(expressions) >= 2, "At least two expressions are required by `except_`."
    7128    return _apply_set_operation(
    7129        *expressions, set_operation=Except, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    7130    )
    7131
    7132
    7133def select(*expressions: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    7134    """
    7135    Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.
    7136
    7137    Example:
    7138        >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
    7139        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    7140
    7141    Args:
    7142        *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a
    7143            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7144        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    7145            input expression is a SQL string).
    7146        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    7147            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    7148
    7149    Returns:
    7150        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    7151    """
    7152    return Select().select(*expressions, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7153
    7154
    7155def from_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    7156    """
    7157    Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.
    7158
    7159    Example:
    7160        >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
    7161        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    7162
    7163    Args:
    7164        *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a
    7165            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7166        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    7167            input expression is a SQL string).
    7168        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    7169            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    7170
    7171    Returns:
    7172        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    7173    """
    7174    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7175
    7176
    7177def update(
    7178    table: str | Table,
    7179    properties: t.Optional[dict] = None,
    7180    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7181    from_: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7182    with_: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, ExpOrStr]] = None,
    7183    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7184    **opts,
    7185) -> Update:
    7186    """
    7187    Creates an update statement.
    7188
    7189    Example:
    7190        >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz_cte", where="baz_cte.id > 1 and my_table.id = baz_cte.id", with_={"baz_cte": "SELECT id FROM foo"}).sql()
    7191        "WITH baz_cte AS (SELECT id FROM foo) UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz_cte WHERE baz_cte.id > 1 AND my_table.id = baz_cte.id"
    7192
    7193    Args:
    7194        properties: dictionary of properties to SET which are
    7195            auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
    7196        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    7197        from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
    7198        with_: dictionary of CTE aliases / select statements to include in a WITH clause.
    7199        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    7200        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7201
    7202    Returns:
    7203        Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.
    7204    """
    7205    update_expr = Update(this=maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect))
    7206    if properties:
    7207        update_expr.set(
    7208            "expressions",
    7209            [
    7210                EQ(this=maybe_parse(k, dialect=dialect, **opts), expression=convert(v))
    7211                for k, v in properties.items()
    7212            ],
    7213        )
    7214    if from_:
    7215        update_expr.set(
    7216            "from",
    7217            maybe_parse(from_, into=From, dialect=dialect, prefix="FROM", **opts),
    7218        )
    7219    if isinstance(where, Condition):
    7220        where = Where(this=where)
    7221    if where:
    7222        update_expr.set(
    7223            "where",
    7224            maybe_parse(where, into=Where, dialect=dialect, prefix="WHERE", **opts),
    7225        )
    7226    if with_:
    7227        cte_list = [
    7228            alias_(CTE(this=maybe_parse(qry, dialect=dialect, **opts)), alias, table=True)
    7229            for alias, qry in with_.items()
    7230        ]
    7231        update_expr.set(
    7232            "with",
    7233            With(expressions=cte_list),
    7234        )
    7235    return update_expr
    7236
    7237
    7238def delete(
    7239    table: ExpOrStr,
    7240    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7241    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7242    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7243    **opts,
    7244) -> Delete:
    7245    """
    7246    Builds a delete statement.
    7247
    7248    Example:
    7249        >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
    7250        'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'
    7251
    7252    Args:
    7253        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    7254        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    7255        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    7256        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7257
    7258    Returns:
    7259        Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.
    7260    """
    7261    delete_expr = Delete().delete(table, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7262    if where:
    7263        delete_expr = delete_expr.where(where, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7264    if returning:
    7265        delete_expr = delete_expr.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7266    return delete_expr
    7267
    7268
    7269def insert(
    7270    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7271    into: ExpOrStr,
    7272    columns: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None,
    7273    overwrite: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7274    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7275    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7276    copy: bool = True,
    7277    **opts,
    7278) -> Insert:
    7279    """
    7280    Builds an INSERT statement.
    7281
    7282    Example:
    7283        >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
    7284        'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'
    7285
    7286    Args:
    7287        expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
    7288        into: the tbl to insert data to.
    7289        columns: optionally the table's column names.
    7290        overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
    7291        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    7292        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    7293        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7294        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7295
    7296    Returns:
    7297        Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.
    7298    """
    7299    expr = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7300    this: Table | Schema = maybe_parse(into, into=Table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7301
    7302    if columns:
    7303        this = Schema(this=this, expressions=[to_identifier(c, copy=copy) for c in columns])
    7304
    7305    insert = Insert(this=this, expression=expr, overwrite=overwrite)
    7306
    7307    if returning:
    7308        insert = insert.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7309
    7310    return insert
    7311
    7312
    7313def merge(
    7314    *when_exprs: ExpOrStr,
    7315    into: ExpOrStr,
    7316    using: ExpOrStr,
    7317    on: ExpOrStr,
    7318    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7319    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7320    copy: bool = True,
    7321    **opts,
    7322) -> Merge:
    7323    """
    7324    Builds a MERGE statement.
    7325
    7326    Example:
    7327        >>> merge("WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1",
    7328        ...       "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)",
    7329        ...       into="my_table",
    7330        ...       using="source_table",
    7331        ...       on="my_table.id = source_table.id").sql()
    7332        'MERGE INTO my_table USING source_table ON my_table.id = source_table.id WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)'
    7333
    7334    Args:
    7335        *when_exprs: The WHEN clauses specifying actions for matched and unmatched rows.
    7336        into: The target table to merge data into.
    7337        using: The source table to merge data from.
    7338        on: The join condition for the merge.
    7339        returning: The columns to return from the merge.
    7340        dialect: The dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    7341        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    7342        **opts: Other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7343
    7344    Returns:
    7345        Merge: The syntax tree for the MERGE statement.
    7346    """
    7347    merge = Merge(
    7348        this=maybe_parse(into, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    7349        using=maybe_parse(using, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    7350        on=maybe_parse(on, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    7351        expressions=[
    7352            maybe_parse(when_expr, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, into=When, **opts)
    7353            for when_expr in when_exprs
    7354        ],
    7355    )
    7356    if returning:
    7357        merge = merge.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7358
    7359    return merge
    7360
    7361
    7362def condition(
    7363    expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    7364) -> Condition:
    7365    """
    7366    Initialize a logical condition expression.
    7367
    7368    Example:
    7369        >>> condition("x=1").sql()
    7370        'x = 1'
    7371
    7372        This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:
    7373        >>> where = condition("x=1")
    7374        >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
    7375        >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
    7376        'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'
    7377
    7378    Args:
    7379        *expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7380            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7381        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    7382            input expression is a SQL string).
    7383        copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
    7384        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    7385            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    7386
    7387    Returns:
    7388        The new Condition instance
    7389    """
    7390    return maybe_parse(
    7391        expression,
    7392        into=Condition,
    7393        dialect=dialect,
    7394        copy=copy,
    7395        **opts,
    7396    )
    7397
    7398
    7399def and_(
    7400    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    7401    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7402    copy: bool = True,
    7403    wrap: bool = True,
    7404    **opts,
    7405) -> Condition:
    7406    """
    7407    Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.
    7408
    7409    Example:
    7410        >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7411        'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'
    7412
    7413    Args:
    7414        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7415            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7416        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7417        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7418        wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
    7419            precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
    7420            causes recursion-related issues.
    7421        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7422
    7423    Returns:
    7424        The new condition
    7425    """
    7426    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, And, dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts))
    7427
    7428
    7429def or_(
    7430    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    7431    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7432    copy: bool = True,
    7433    wrap: bool = True,
    7434    **opts,
    7435) -> Condition:
    7436    """
    7437    Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.
    7438
    7439    Example:
    7440        >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7441        'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'
    7442
    7443    Args:
    7444        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7445            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7446        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7447        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7448        wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
    7449            precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
    7450            causes recursion-related issues.
    7451        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7452
    7453    Returns:
    7454        The new condition
    7455    """
    7456    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Or, dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts))
    7457
    7458
    7459def xor(
    7460    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    7461    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7462    copy: bool = True,
    7463    wrap: bool = True,
    7464    **opts,
    7465) -> Condition:
    7466    """
    7467    Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.
    7468
    7469    Example:
    7470        >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7471        'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'
    7472
    7473    Args:
    7474        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7475            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7476        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7477        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7478        wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
    7479            precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
    7480            causes recursion-related issues.
    7481        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7482
    7483    Returns:
    7484        The new condition
    7485    """
    7486    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Xor, dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts))
    7487
    7488
    7489def not_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not:
    7490    """
    7491    Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.
    7492
    7493    Example:
    7494        >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
    7495        "NOT this_suit = 'black'"
    7496
    7497    Args:
    7498        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7499            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7500        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7501        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    7502        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7503
    7504    Returns:
    7505        The new condition.
    7506    """
    7507    this = condition(
    7508        expression,
    7509        dialect=dialect,
    7510        copy=copy,
    7511        **opts,
    7512    )
    7513    return Not(this=_wrap(this, Connector))
    7514
    7515
    7516def paren(expression: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True) -> Paren:
    7517    """
    7518    Wrap an expression in parentheses.
    7519
    7520    Example:
    7521        >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
    7522        '(5 + 3)'
    7523
    7524    Args:
    7525        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7526            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7527        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    7528
    7529    Returns:
    7530        The wrapped expression.
    7531    """
    7532    return Paren(this=maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy))
    7533
    7534
    7535SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE: t.Pattern[str] = re.compile(r"^[_a-zA-Z][\w]*$")
    7536
    7537
    7538@t.overload
    7539def to_identifier(name: None, quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None, copy: bool = True) -> None: ...
    7540
    7541
    7542@t.overload
    7543def to_identifier(
    7544    name: str | Identifier, quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None, copy: bool = True
    7545) -> Identifier: ...
    7546
    7547
    7548def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True):
    7549    """Builds an identifier.
    7550
    7551    Args:
    7552        name: The name to turn into an identifier.
    7553        quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
    7554        copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.
    7555
    7556    Returns:
    7557        The identifier ast node.
    7558    """
    7559
    7560    if name is None:
    7561        return None
    7562
    7563    if isinstance(name, Identifier):
    7564        identifier = maybe_copy(name, copy)
    7565    elif isinstance(name, str):
    7566        identifier = Identifier(
    7567            this=name,
    7568            quoted=not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(name) if quoted is None else quoted,
    7569        )
    7570    else:
    7571        raise ValueError(f"Name needs to be a string or an Identifier, got: {name.__class__}")
    7572    return identifier
    7573
    7574
    7575def parse_identifier(name: str | Identifier, dialect: DialectType = None) -> Identifier:
    7576    """
    7577    Parses a given string into an identifier.
    7578
    7579    Args:
    7580        name: The name to parse into an identifier.
    7581        dialect: The dialect to parse against.
    7582
    7583    Returns:
    7584        The identifier ast node.
    7585    """
    7586    try:
    7587        expression = maybe_parse(name, dialect=dialect, into=Identifier)
    7588    except (ParseError, TokenError):
    7589        expression = to_identifier(name)
    7590
    7591    return expression
    7592
    7593
    7594INTERVAL_STRING_RE = re.compile(r"\s*([0-9]+)\s*([a-zA-Z]+)\s*")
    7595
    7596
    7597def to_interval(interval: str | Literal) -> Interval:
    7598    """Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'."""
    7599    if isinstance(interval, Literal):
    7600        if not interval.is_string:
    7601            raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    7602
    7603        interval = interval.this
    7604
    7605    interval = maybe_parse(f"INTERVAL {interval}")
    7606    assert isinstance(interval, Interval)
    7607    return interval
    7608
    7609
    7610def to_table(
    7611    sql_path: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs
    7612) -> Table:
    7613    """
    7614    Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional.
    7615    If a table is passed in then that table is returned.
    7616
    7617    Args:
    7618        sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
    7619        dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
    7620        copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
    7621        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.
    7622
    7623    Returns:
    7624        A table expression.
    7625    """
    7626    if isinstance(sql_path, Table):
    7627        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    7628
    7629    table = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    7630
    7631    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    7632        table.set(k, v)
    7633
    7634    return table
    7635
    7636
    7637def to_column(
    7638    sql_path: str | Column,
    7639    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7640    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7641    copy: bool = True,
    7642    **kwargs,
    7643) -> Column:
    7644    """
    7645    Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional.
    7646    If a column is passed in then that column is returned.
    7647
    7648    Args:
    7649        sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
    7650        quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
    7651        dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
    7652        copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
    7653        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.
    7654
    7655    Returns:
    7656        A column expression.
    7657    """
    7658    if isinstance(sql_path, Column):
    7659        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    7660
    7661    try:
    7662        col = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Column, dialect=dialect)
    7663    except ParseError:
    7664        return column(*reversed(sql_path.split(".")), quoted=quoted, **kwargs)
    7665
    7666    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    7667        col.set(k, v)
    7668
    7669    if quoted:
    7670        for i in col.find_all(Identifier):
    7671            i.set("quoted", True)
    7672
    7673    return col
    7674
    7675
    7676def alias_(
    7677    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7678    alias: t.Optional[str | Identifier],
    7679    table: bool | t.Sequence[str | Identifier] = False,
    7680    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7681    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7682    copy: bool = True,
    7683    **opts,
    7684):
    7685    """Create an Alias expression.
    7686
    7687    Example:
    7688        >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
    7689        'foo AS bar'
    7690
    7691        >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
    7692        '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'
    7693
    7694    Args:
    7695        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7696            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7697        alias: the alias name to use. If the name has
    7698            special characters it is quoted.
    7699        table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
    7700        quoted: whether to quote the alias
    7701        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7702        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    7703        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7704
    7705    Returns:
    7706        Alias: the aliased expression
    7707    """
    7708    exp = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7709    alias = to_identifier(alias, quoted=quoted)
    7710
    7711    if table:
    7712        table_alias = TableAlias(this=alias)
    7713        exp.set("alias", table_alias)
    7714
    7715        if not isinstance(table, bool):
    7716            for column in table:
    7717                table_alias.append("columns", to_identifier(column, quoted=quoted))
    7718
    7719        return exp
    7720
    7721    # We don't set the "alias" arg for Window expressions, because that would add an IDENTIFIER node in
    7722    # the AST, representing a "named_window" [1] construct (eg. bigquery). What we want is an ALIAS node
    7723    # for the complete Window expression.
    7724    #
    7725    # [1]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/window-function-calls
    7726
    7727    if "alias" in exp.arg_types and not isinstance(exp, Window):
    7728        exp.set("alias", alias)
    7729        return exp
    7730    return Alias(this=exp, alias=alias)
    7731
    7732
    7733def subquery(
    7734    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7735    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7736    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7737    **opts,
    7738) -> Select:
    7739    """
    7740    Build a subquery expression that's selected from.
    7741
    7742    Example:
    7743        >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
    7744        'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'
    7745
    7746    Args:
    7747        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7748            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7749        alias: the alias name to use.
    7750        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7751        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7752
    7753    Returns:
    7754        A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.
    7755    """
    7756
    7757    expression = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts).subquery(alias, **opts)
    7758    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7759
    7760
    7761@t.overload
    7762def column(
    7763    col: str | Identifier,
    7764    table: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7765    db: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7766    catalog: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7767    *,
    7768    fields: t.Collection[t.Union[str, Identifier]],
    7769    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7770    copy: bool = True,
    7771) -> Dot:
    7772    pass
    7773
    7774
    7775@t.overload
    7776def column(
    7777    col: str | Identifier,
    7778    table: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7779    db: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7780    catalog: t.Optional[str | Identifier] = None,
    7781    *,
    7782    fields: Lit[None] = None,
    7783    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7784    copy: bool = True,
    7785) -> Column:
    7786    pass
    7787
    7788
    7789def column(
    7790    col,
    7791    table=None,
    7792    db=None,
    7793    catalog=None,
    7794    *,
    7795    fields=None,
    7796    quoted=None,
    7797    copy=True,
    7798):
    7799    """
    7800    Build a Column.
    7801
    7802    Args:
    7803        col: Column name.
    7804        table: Table name.
    7805        db: Database name.
    7806        catalog: Catalog name.
    7807        fields: Additional fields using dots.
    7808        quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
    7809        copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.
    7810
    7811    Returns:
    7812        The new Column instance.
    7813    """
    7814    this = Column(
    7815        this=to_identifier(col, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7816        table=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7817        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7818        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7819    )
    7820
    7821    if fields:
    7822        this = Dot.build(
    7823            (this, *(to_identifier(field, quoted=quoted, copy=copy) for field in fields))
    7824        )
    7825    return this
    7826
    7827
    7828def cast(
    7829    expression: ExpOrStr, to: DATA_TYPE, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    7830) -> Cast:
    7831    """Cast an expression to a data type.
    7832
    7833    Example:
    7834        >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
    7835        'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'
    7836
    7837    Args:
    7838        expression: The expression to cast.
    7839        to: The datatype to cast to.
    7840        copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.
    7841        dialect: The target dialect. This is used to prevent a re-cast in the following scenario:
    7842            - The expression to be cast is already a exp.Cast expression
    7843            - The existing cast is to a type that is logically equivalent to new type
    7844
    7845            For example, if :expression='CAST(x as DATETIME)' and :to=Type.TIMESTAMP,
    7846            but in the target dialect DATETIME is mapped to TIMESTAMP, then we will NOT return `CAST(x (as DATETIME) as TIMESTAMP)`
    7847            and instead just return the original expression `CAST(x as DATETIME)`.
    7848
    7849            This is to prevent it being output as a double cast `CAST(x (as TIMESTAMP) as TIMESTAMP)` once the DATETIME -> TIMESTAMP
    7850            mapping is applied in the target dialect generator.
    7851
    7852    Returns:
    7853        The new Cast instance.
    7854    """
    7855    expr = maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7856    data_type = DataType.build(to, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7857
    7858    # dont re-cast if the expression is already a cast to the correct type
    7859    if isinstance(expr, Cast):
    7860        from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    7861
    7862        target_dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    7863        type_mapping = target_dialect.generator_class.TYPE_MAPPING
    7864
    7865        existing_cast_type: DataType.Type = expr.to.this
    7866        new_cast_type: DataType.Type = data_type.this
    7867        types_are_equivalent = type_mapping.get(
    7868            existing_cast_type, existing_cast_type.value
    7869        ) == type_mapping.get(new_cast_type, new_cast_type.value)
    7870
    7871        if expr.is_type(data_type) or types_are_equivalent:
    7872            return expr
    7873
    7874    expr = Cast(this=expr, to=data_type)
    7875    expr.type = data_type
    7876
    7877    return expr
    7878
    7879
    7880def table_(
    7881    table: Identifier | str,
    7882    db: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7883    catalog: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7884    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7885    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7886) -> Table:
    7887    """Build a Table.
    7888
    7889    Args:
    7890        table: Table name.
    7891        db: Database name.
    7892        catalog: Catalog name.
    7893        quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
    7894        alias: Table's alias.
    7895
    7896    Returns:
    7897        The new Table instance.
    7898    """
    7899    return Table(
    7900        this=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted) if table else None,
    7901        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted) if db else None,
    7902        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted) if catalog else None,
    7903        alias=TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None,
    7904    )
    7905
    7906
    7907def values(
    7908    values: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]],
    7909    alias: t.Optional[str] = None,
    7910    columns: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str] | t.Dict[str, DataType]] = None,
    7911) -> Values:
    7912    """Build VALUES statement.
    7913
    7914    Example:
    7915        >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
    7916        "VALUES (1, '2')"
    7917
    7918    Args:
    7919        values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
    7920        alias: optional alias
    7921        columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types.
    7922         If either are provided then an alias is also required.
    7923
    7924    Returns:
    7925        Values: the Values expression object
    7926    """
    7927    if columns and not alias:
    7928        raise ValueError("Alias is required when providing columns")
    7929
    7930    return Values(
    7931        expressions=[convert(tup) for tup in values],
    7932        alias=(
    7933            TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias), columns=[to_identifier(x) for x in columns])
    7934            if columns
    7935            else (TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None)
    7936        ),
    7937    )
    7938
    7939
    7940def var(name: t.Optional[ExpOrStr]) -> Var:
    7941    """Build a SQL variable.
    7942
    7943    Example:
    7944        >>> repr(var('x'))
    7945        'Var(this=x)'
    7946
    7947        >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
    7948        'Var(this=x)'
    7949
    7950    Args:
    7951        name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.
    7952
    7953    Returns:
    7954        The new variable node.
    7955    """
    7956    if not name:
    7957        raise ValueError("Cannot convert empty name into var.")
    7958
    7959    if isinstance(name, Expression):
    7960        name = name.name
    7961    return Var(this=name)
    7962
    7963
    7964def rename_table(
    7965    old_name: str | Table,
    7966    new_name: str | Table,
    7967    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7968) -> Alter:
    7969    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression
    7970
    7971    Args:
    7972        old_name: The old name of the table
    7973        new_name: The new name of the table
    7974        dialect: The dialect to parse the table.
    7975
    7976    Returns:
    7977        Alter table expression
    7978    """
    7979    old_table = to_table(old_name, dialect=dialect)
    7980    new_table = to_table(new_name, dialect=dialect)
    7981    return Alter(
    7982        this=old_table,
    7983        kind="TABLE",
    7984        actions=[
    7985            AlterRename(this=new_table),
    7986        ],
    7987    )
    7988
    7989
    7990def rename_column(
    7991    table_name: str | Table,
    7992    old_column_name: str | Column,
    7993    new_column_name: str | Column,
    7994    exists: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7995    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7996) -> Alter:
    7997    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression
    7998
    7999    Args:
    8000        table_name: Name of the table
    8001        old_column: The old name of the column
    8002        new_column: The new name of the column
    8003        exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
    8004        dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.
    8005
    8006    Returns:
    8007        Alter table expression
    8008    """
    8009    table = to_table(table_name, dialect=dialect)
    8010    old_column = to_column(old_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    8011    new_column = to_column(new_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    8012    return Alter(
    8013        this=table,
    8014        kind="TABLE",
    8015        actions=[
    8016            RenameColumn(this=old_column, to=new_column, exists=exists),
    8017        ],
    8018    )
    8019
    8020
    8021def convert(value: t.Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression:
    8022    """Convert a python value into an expression object.
    8023
    8024    Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.
    8025
    8026    Args:
    8027        value: A python object.
    8028        copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).
    8029
    8030    Returns:
    8031        The equivalent expression object.
    8032    """
    8033    if isinstance(value, Expression):
    8034        return maybe_copy(value, copy)
    8035    if isinstance(value, str):
    8036        return Literal.string(value)
    8037    if isinstance(value, bool):
    8038        return Boolean(this=value)
    8039    if value is None or (isinstance(value, float) and math.isnan(value)):
    8040        return null()
    8041    if isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
    8042        return Literal.number(value)
    8043    if isinstance(value, bytes):
    8044        return HexString(this=value.hex())
    8045    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
    8046        datetime_literal = Literal.string(value.isoformat(sep=" "))
    8047
    8048        tz = None
    8049        if value.tzinfo:
    8050            # this works for zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, pytz.timezone and datetime.datetime.utc to return IANA timezone names like "America/Los_Angeles"
    8051            # instead of abbreviations like "PDT". This is for consistency with other timezone handling functions in SQLGlot
    8052            tz = Literal.string(str(value.tzinfo))
    8053
    8054        return TimeStrToTime(this=datetime_literal, zone=tz)
    8055    if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
    8056        date_literal = Literal.string(value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    8057        return DateStrToDate(this=date_literal)
    8058    if isinstance(value, tuple):
    8059        if hasattr(value, "_fields"):
    8060            return Struct(
    8061                expressions=[
    8062                    PropertyEQ(
    8063                        this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(getattr(value, k), copy=copy)
    8064                    )
    8065                    for k in value._fields
    8066                ]
    8067            )
    8068        return Tuple(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    8069    if isinstance(value, list):
    8070        return Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    8071    if isinstance(value, dict):
    8072        return Map(
    8073            keys=Array(expressions=[convert(k, copy=copy) for k in value]),
    8074            values=Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value.values()]),
    8075        )
    8076    if hasattr(value, "__dict__"):
    8077        return Struct(
    8078            expressions=[
    8079                PropertyEQ(this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(v, copy=copy))
    8080                for k, v in value.__dict__.items()
    8081            ]
    8082        )
    8083    raise ValueError(f"Cannot convert {value}")
    8084
    8085
    8086def replace_children(expression: Expression, fun: t.Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
    8087    """
    8088    Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.
    8089    """
    8090    for k, v in tuple(expression.args.items()):
    8091        is_list_arg = type(v) is list
    8092
    8093        child_nodes = v if is_list_arg else [v]
    8094        new_child_nodes = []
    8095
    8096        for cn in child_nodes:
    8097            if isinstance(cn, Expression):
    8098                for child_node in ensure_collection(fun(cn, *args, **kwargs)):
    8099                    new_child_nodes.append(child_node)
    8100            else:
    8101                new_child_nodes.append(cn)
    8102
    8103        expression.set(k, new_child_nodes if is_list_arg else seq_get(new_child_nodes, 0))
    8104
    8105
    8106def replace_tree(
    8107    expression: Expression,
    8108    fun: t.Callable,
    8109    prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None,
    8110) -> Expression:
    8111    """
    8112    Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.
    8113
    8114    This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first.
    8115    If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.
    8116    """
    8117    stack = list(expression.dfs(prune=prune))
    8118
    8119    while stack:
    8120        node = stack.pop()
    8121        new_node = fun(node)
    8122
    8123        if new_node is not node:
    8124            node.replace(new_node)
    8125
    8126            if isinstance(new_node, Expression):
    8127                stack.append(new_node)
    8128
    8129    return new_node
    8130
    8131
    8132def column_table_names(expression: Expression, exclude: str = "") -> t.Set[str]:
    8133    """
    8134    Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.
    8135
    8136    Example:
    8137        >>> import sqlglot
    8138        >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
    8139        ['a', 'c']
    8140
    8141    Args:
    8142        expression: expression to find table names.
    8143        exclude: a table name to exclude
    8144
    8145    Returns:
    8146        A list of unique names.
    8147    """
    8148    return {
    8149        table
    8150        for table in (column.table for column in expression.find_all(Column))
    8151        if table and table != exclude
    8152    }
    8153
    8154
    8155def table_name(table: Table | str, dialect: DialectType = None, identify: bool = False) -> str:
    8156    """Get the full name of a table as a string.
    8157
    8158    Args:
    8159        table: Table expression node or string.
    8160        dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
    8161        identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are:
    8162            False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect.
    8163            True: Always quote.
    8164
    8165    Examples:
    8166        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    8167        >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
    8168        'a.b.c'
    8169
    8170    Returns:
    8171        The table name.
    8172    """
    8173
    8174    table = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    8175
    8176    if not table:
    8177        raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse {table}")
    8178
    8179    return ".".join(
    8180        (
    8181            part.sql(dialect=dialect, identify=True, copy=False, comments=False)
    8182            if identify or not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(part.name)
    8183            else part.name
    8184        )
    8185        for part in table.parts
    8186    )
    8187
    8188
    8189def normalize_table_name(table: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> str:
    8190    """Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.
    8191
    8192    Args:
    8193        table: the table to normalize
    8194        dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
    8195        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    8196
    8197    Examples:
    8198        >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
    8199        'A-B.c'
    8200    """
    8201    from sqlglot.optimizer.normalize_identifiers import normalize_identifiers
    8202
    8203    return ".".join(
    8204        p.name
    8205        for p in normalize_identifiers(
    8206            to_table(table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy), dialect=dialect
    8207        ).parts
    8208    )
    8209
    8210
    8211def replace_tables(
    8212    expression: E, mapping: t.Dict[str, str], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True
    8213) -> E:
    8214    """Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.
    8215
    8216    Args:
    8217        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    8218        mapping: mapping of table names.
    8219        dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
    8220        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    8221
    8222    Examples:
    8223        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    8224        >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
    8225        'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'
    8226
    8227    Returns:
    8228        The mapped expression.
    8229    """
    8230
    8231    mapping = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in mapping.items()}
    8232
    8233    def _replace_tables(node: Expression) -> Expression:
    8234        if isinstance(node, Table):
    8235            original = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    8236            new_name = mapping.get(original)
    8237
    8238            if new_name:
    8239                table = to_table(
    8240                    new_name,
    8241                    **{k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if k not in TABLE_PARTS},
    8242                    dialect=dialect,
    8243                )
    8244                table.add_comments([original])
    8245                return table
    8246        return node
    8247
    8248    return expression.transform(_replace_tables, copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    8249
    8250
    8251def replace_placeholders(expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    8252    """Replace placeholders in an expression.
    8253
    8254    Args:
    8255        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    8256        args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
    8257        kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.
    8258
    8259    Examples:
    8260        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    8261        >>> replace_placeholders(
    8262        ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
    8263        ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
    8264        ... ).sql()
    8265        "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"
    8266
    8267    Returns:
    8268        The mapped expression.
    8269    """
    8270
    8271    def _replace_placeholders(node: Expression, args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    8272        if isinstance(node, Placeholder):
    8273            if node.this:
    8274                new_name = kwargs.get(node.this)
    8275                if new_name is not None:
    8276                    return convert(new_name)
    8277            else:
    8278                try:
    8279                    return convert(next(args))
    8280                except StopIteration:
    8281                    pass
    8282        return node
    8283
    8284    return expression.transform(_replace_placeholders, iter(args), **kwargs)
    8285
    8286
    8287def expand(
    8288    expression: Expression,
    8289    sources: t.Dict[str, Query],
    8290    dialect: DialectType = None,
    8291    copy: bool = True,
    8292) -> Expression:
    8293    """Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.
    8294
    8295    Examples:
    8296        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    8297        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
    8298        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'
    8299
    8300        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
    8301        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'
    8302
    8303    Args:
    8304        expression: The expression to expand.
    8305        sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
    8306        dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
    8307        copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.
    8308
    8309    Returns:
    8310        The transformed expression.
    8311    """
    8312    sources = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in sources.items()}
    8313
    8314    def _expand(node: Expression):
    8315        if isinstance(node, Table):
    8316            name = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    8317            source = sources.get(name)
    8318            if source:
    8319                subquery = source.subquery(node.alias or name)
    8320                subquery.comments = [f"source: {name}"]
    8321                return subquery.transform(_expand, copy=False)
    8322        return node
    8323
    8324    return expression.transform(_expand, copy=copy)
    8325
    8326
    8327def func(name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs) -> Func:
    8328    """
    8329    Returns a Func expression.
    8330
    8331    Examples:
    8332        >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
    8333        'ABS(5)'
    8334
    8335        >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
    8336        'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'
    8337
    8338    Args:
    8339        name: the name of the function to build.
    8340        args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8341        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8342        dialect: the source dialect.
    8343        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8344
    8345    Note:
    8346        The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.
    8347
    8348    Returns:
    8349        An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't
    8350        correspond to an existing `sqlglot.expressions.Func` class.
    8351    """
    8352    if args and kwargs:
    8353        raise ValueError("Can't use both args and kwargs to instantiate a function.")
    8354
    8355    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    8356
    8357    dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    8358
    8359    converted: t.List[Expression] = [maybe_parse(arg, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for arg in args]
    8360    kwargs = {key: maybe_parse(value, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for key, value in kwargs.items()}
    8361
    8362    constructor = dialect.parser_class.FUNCTIONS.get(name.upper())
    8363    if constructor:
    8364        if converted:
    8365            if "dialect" in constructor.__code__.co_varnames:
    8366                function = constructor(converted, dialect=dialect)
    8367            else:
    8368                function = constructor(converted)
    8369        elif constructor.__name__ == "from_arg_list":
    8370            function = constructor.__self__(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
    8371        else:
    8372            constructor = FUNCTION_BY_NAME.get(name.upper())
    8373            if constructor:
    8374                function = constructor(**kwargs)
    8375            else:
    8376                raise ValueError(
    8377                    f"Unable to convert '{name}' into a Func. Either manually construct "
    8378                    "the Func expression of interest or parse the function call."
    8379                )
    8380    else:
    8381        kwargs = kwargs or {"expressions": converted}
    8382        function = Anonymous(this=name, **kwargs)
    8383
    8384    for error_message in function.error_messages(converted):
    8385        raise ValueError(error_message)
    8386
    8387    return function
    8388
    8389
    8390def case(
    8391    expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    8392    **opts,
    8393) -> Case:
    8394    """
    8395    Initialize a CASE statement.
    8396
    8397    Example:
    8398        case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")
    8399
    8400    Args:
    8401        expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
    8402        **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`
    8403    """
    8404    if expression is not None:
    8405        this = maybe_parse(expression, **opts)
    8406    else:
    8407        this = None
    8408    return Case(this=this, ifs=[])
    8409
    8410
    8411def array(
    8412    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    8413) -> Array:
    8414    """
    8415    Returns an array.
    8416
    8417    Examples:
    8418        >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
    8419        'ARRAY(1, x)'
    8420
    8421    Args:
    8422        expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
    8423        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8424        dialect: the source dialect.
    8425        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8426
    8427    Returns:
    8428        An array expression.
    8429    """
    8430    return Array(
    8431        expressions=[
    8432            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    8433            for expression in expressions
    8434        ]
    8435    )
    8436
    8437
    8438def tuple_(
    8439    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    8440) -> Tuple:
    8441    """
    8442    Returns an tuple.
    8443
    8444    Examples:
    8445        >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
    8446        '(1, x)'
    8447
    8448    Args:
    8449        expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
    8450        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8451        dialect: the source dialect.
    8452        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8453
    8454    Returns:
    8455        A tuple expression.
    8456    """
    8457    return Tuple(
    8458        expressions=[
    8459            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    8460            for expression in expressions
    8461        ]
    8462    )
    8463
    8464
    8465def true() -> Boolean:
    8466    """
    8467    Returns a true Boolean expression.
    8468    """
    8469    return Boolean(this=True)
    8470
    8471
    8472def false() -> Boolean:
    8473    """
    8474    Returns a false Boolean expression.
    8475    """
    8476    return Boolean(this=False)
    8477
    8478
    8479def null() -> Null:
    8480    """
    8481    Returns a Null expression.
    8482    """
    8483    return Null()
    8484
    8485
    8486NONNULL_CONSTANTS = (
    8487    Literal,
    8488    Boolean,
    8489)
    8490
    8491CONSTANTS = (
    8492    Literal,
    8493    Boolean,
    8494    Null,
    8495)

SQLGLOT_META = 'sqlglot.meta'
TABLE_PARTS = ('this', 'db', 'catalog')
COLUMN_PARTS = ('this', 'table', 'db', 'catalog')
class Expression: View Source

      66class Expression(metaclass=_Expression):
      67    """
      68    The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary
      69    context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression
      70    is optional or not.
      71
      72    Attributes:
      73        key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing
      74            and representing expressions as strings.
      75        arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps
      76            arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
      77        parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
      78        arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression
      79            uses to refer to it.
      80        index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
      81        comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in
      82            order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
      83        type: the `sqlglot.expressions.DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the
      84            optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
      85        meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.
      86
      87    Example:
      88        >>> class Foo(Expression):
      89        ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
      90
      91        The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called
      92        "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".
      93
      94    Args:
      95        args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.
      96    """
      97
      98    key = "expression"
      99    arg_types = {"this": True}
     100    __slots__ = ("args", "parent", "arg_key", "index", "comments", "_type", "_meta", "_hash")
     101
     102    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
     103        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
     104        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
     105        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
     106        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
     107        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
     108        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
     109        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
     110        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
     111
     112        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
     113            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     114
     115    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
     116        return type(self) is type(other) and hash(self) == hash(other)
     117
     118    @property
     119    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
     120        return frozenset(
     121            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
     122            for k, v in self.args.items()
     123            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
     124        )
     125
     126    def __hash__(self) -> int:
     127        if self._hash is not None:
     128            return self._hash
     129
     130        return hash((self.__class__, self.hashable_args))
     131
     132    @property
     133    def this(self) -> t.Any:
     134        """
     135        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
     136        """
     137        return self.args.get("this")
     138
     139    @property
     140    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
     141        """
     142        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
     143        """
     144        return self.args.get("expression")
     145
     146    @property
     147    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
     148        """
     149        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
     150        """
     151        return self.args.get("expressions") or []
     152
     153    def text(self, key) -> str:
     154        """
     155        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
     156        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
     157        """
     158        field = self.args.get(key)
     159        if isinstance(field, str):
     160            return field
     161        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
     162            return field.this
     163        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
     164            return field.name
     165        return ""
     166
     167    @property
     168    def is_string(self) -> bool:
     169        """
     170        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
     171        """
     172        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]
     173
     174    @property
     175    def is_number(self) -> bool:
     176        """
     177        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
     178        """
     179        return (isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]) or (
     180            isinstance(self, Neg) and self.this.is_number
     181        )
     182
     183    def to_py(self) -> t.Any:
     184        """
     185        Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.
     186        """
     187        raise ValueError(f"{self} cannot be converted to a Python object.")
     188
     189    @property
     190    def is_int(self) -> bool:
     191        """
     192        Checks whether an expression is an integer.
     193        """
     194        return self.is_number and isinstance(self.to_py(), int)
     195
     196    @property
     197    def is_star(self) -> bool:
     198        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
     199        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))
     200
     201    @property
     202    def alias(self) -> str:
     203        """
     204        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
     205        """
     206        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
     207            return self.args["alias"].name
     208        return self.text("alias")
     209
     210    @property
     211    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
     212        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
     213        if not table_alias:
     214            return []
     215        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]
     216
     217    @property
     218    def name(self) -> str:
     219        return self.text("this")
     220
     221    @property
     222    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
     223        return self.alias or self.name
     224
     225    @property
     226    def output_name(self) -> str:
     227        """
     228        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
     229
     230        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
     231
     232        Example:
     233            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     234            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
     235            'a'
     236            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
     237            'c'
     238            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
     239            ''
     240        """
     241        return ""
     242
     243    @property
     244    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
     245        return self._type
     246
     247    @type.setter
     248    def type(self, dtype: t.Optional[DataType | DataType.Type | str]) -> None:
     249        if dtype and not isinstance(dtype, DataType):
     250            dtype = DataType.build(dtype)
     251        self._type = dtype  # type: ignore
     252
     253    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
     254        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)
     255
     256    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
     257        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())
     258
     259    @property
     260    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
     261        if self._meta is None:
     262            self._meta = {}
     263        return self._meta
     264
     265    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
     266        root = self.__class__()
     267        stack = [(self, root)]
     268
     269        while stack:
     270            node, copy = stack.pop()
     271
     272            if node.comments is not None:
     273                copy.comments = deepcopy(node.comments)
     274            if node._type is not None:
     275                copy._type = deepcopy(node._type)
     276            if node._meta is not None:
     277                copy._meta = deepcopy(node._meta)
     278            if node._hash is not None:
     279                copy._hash = node._hash
     280
     281            for k, vs in node.args.items():
     282                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     283                    stack.append((vs, vs.__class__()))
     284                    copy.set(k, stack[-1][-1])
     285                elif type(vs) is list:
     286                    copy.args[k] = []
     287
     288                    for v in vs:
     289                        if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     290                            stack.append((v, v.__class__()))
     291                            copy.append(k, stack[-1][-1])
     292                        else:
     293                            copy.append(k, v)
     294                else:
     295                    copy.args[k] = vs
     296
     297        return root
     298
     299    def copy(self) -> Self:
     300        """
     301        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
     302        """
     303        return deepcopy(self)
     304
     305    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None, prepend: bool = False) -> None:
     306        if self.comments is None:
     307            self.comments = []
     308
     309        if comments:
     310            for comment in comments:
     311                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
     312                if meta:
     313                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
     314                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
     315                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
     316                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
     317
     318                if not prepend:
     319                    self.comments.append(comment)
     320
     321            if prepend:
     322                self.comments = comments + self.comments
     323
     324    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
     325        comments = self.comments or []
     326        self.comments = None
     327        return comments
     328
     329    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
     330        """
     331        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
     332
     333        Args:
     334            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
     335            value (Any): value to append to the list
     336        """
     337        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
     338            self.args[arg_key] = []
     339        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
     340        values = self.args[arg_key]
     341        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     342            value.index = len(values)
     343        values.append(value)
     344
     345    def set(
     346        self,
     347        arg_key: str,
     348        value: t.Any,
     349        index: t.Optional[int] = None,
     350        overwrite: bool = True,
     351    ) -> None:
     352        """
     353        Sets arg_key to value.
     354
     355        Args:
     356            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
     357            value: value to set the arg to.
     358            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
     359            overwrite: assuming an index is given, this determines whether to overwrite the
     360                list entry instead of only inserting a new value (i.e., like list.insert).
     361        """
     362        if index is not None:
     363            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
     364
     365            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
     366                return
     367            if value is None:
     368                expressions.pop(index)
     369                for v in expressions[index:]:
     370                    v.index = v.index - 1
     371                return
     372
     373            if isinstance(value, list):
     374                expressions.pop(index)
     375                expressions[index:index] = value
     376            elif overwrite:
     377                expressions[index] = value
     378            else:
     379                expressions.insert(index, value)
     380
     381            value = expressions
     382        elif value is None:
     383            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
     384            return
     385
     386        self.args[arg_key] = value
     387        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)
     388
     389    def _set_parent(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any, index: t.Optional[int] = None) -> None:
     390        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
     391            value.parent = self
     392            value.arg_key = arg_key
     393            value.index = index
     394        elif type(value) is list:
     395            for index, v in enumerate(value):
     396                if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     397                    v.parent = self
     398                    v.arg_key = arg_key
     399                    v.index = index
     400
     401    @property
     402    def depth(self) -> int:
     403        """
     404        Returns the depth of this tree.
     405        """
     406        if self.parent:
     407            return self.parent.depth + 1
     408        return 0
     409
     410    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     411        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
     412        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
     413        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():  # type: ignore
     414            if type(vs) is list:
     415                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:  # type: ignore
     416                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
     417                        yield v
     418            else:
     419                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
     420                    yield vs
     421
     422    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
     423        """
     424        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
     425        the specified types.
     426
     427        Args:
     428            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     429            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     430
     431        Returns:
     432            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
     433        """
     434        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)
     435
     436    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
     437        """
     438        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
     439        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
     440
     441        Args:
     442            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     443            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
     444
     445        Returns:
     446            The generator object.
     447        """
     448        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
     449            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
     450                yield expression
     451
     452    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
     453        """
     454        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
     455
     456        Args:
     457            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
     458
     459        Returns:
     460            The parent node.
     461        """
     462        ancestor = self.parent
     463        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
     464            ancestor = ancestor.parent
     465        return ancestor  # type: ignore
     466
     467    @property
     468    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
     469        """
     470        Returns the parent select statement.
     471        """
     472        return self.find_ancestor(Select)
     473
     474    @property
     475    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
     476        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
     477        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__
     478
     479    def root(self) -> Expression:
     480        """
     481        Returns the root expression of this tree.
     482        """
     483        expression = self
     484        while expression.parent:
     485            expression = expression.parent
     486        return expression
     487
     488    def walk(
     489        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     490    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     491        """
     492        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
     493
     494        Args:
     495            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
     496                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
     497            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
     498                this branch of the tree.
     499
     500        Returns:
     501            the generator object.
     502        """
     503        if bfs:
     504            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
     505        else:
     506            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)
     507
     508    def dfs(
     509        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     510    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     511        """
     512        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     513        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
     514
     515        Returns:
     516            The generator object.
     517        """
     518        stack = [self]
     519
     520        while stack:
     521            node = stack.pop()
     522
     523            yield node
     524
     525            if prune and prune(node):
     526                continue
     527
     528            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
     529                stack.append(v)
     530
     531    def bfs(
     532        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
     533    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
     534        """
     535        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
     536        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
     537
     538        Returns:
     539            The generator object.
     540        """
     541        queue = deque([self])
     542
     543        while queue:
     544            node = queue.popleft()
     545
     546            yield node
     547
     548            if prune and prune(node):
     549                continue
     550
     551            for v in node.iter_expressions():
     552                queue.append(v)
     553
     554    def unnest(self):
     555        """
     556        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
     557        """
     558        expression = self
     559        while type(expression) is Paren:
     560            expression = expression.this
     561        return expression
     562
     563    def unalias(self):
     564        """
     565        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
     566        """
     567        if isinstance(self, Alias):
     568            return self.this
     569        return self
     570
     571    def unnest_operands(self):
     572        """
     573        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
     574        """
     575        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())
     576
     577    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
     578        """
     579        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
     580
     581        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
     582        """
     583        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
     584            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
     585                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node
     586
     587    def __str__(self) -> str:
     588        return self.sql()
     589
     590    def __repr__(self) -> str:
     591        return _to_s(self)
     592
     593    def to_s(self) -> str:
     594        """
     595        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
     596        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
     597        """
     598        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)
     599
     600    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
     601        """
     602        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
     603
     604        Args:
     605            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
     606            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
     607
     608        Returns:
     609            The SQL string.
     610        """
     611        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
     612
     613        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)
     614
     615    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
     616        """
     617        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
     618        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
     619
     620        Args:
     621            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
     622                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
     623                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
     624            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
     625                modified in place.
     626
     627        Returns:
     628            The transformed tree.
     629        """
     630        root = None
     631        new_node = None
     632
     633        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
     634            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
     635            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
     636
     637            if not root:
     638                root = new_node
     639            elif new_node is not node:
     640                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
     641
     642        assert root
     643        return root.assert_is(Expression)
     644
     645    @t.overload
     646    def replace(self, expression: E) -> E: ...
     647
     648    @t.overload
     649    def replace(self, expression: None) -> None: ...
     650
     651    def replace(self, expression):
     652        """
     653        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
     654
     655        For example::
     656
     657            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
     658            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
     659            Column(
     660              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
     661            >>> tree.sql()
     662            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
     663
     664        Args:
     665            expression: new node
     666
     667        Returns:
     668            The new expression or expressions.
     669        """
     670        parent = self.parent
     671
     672        if not parent or parent is expression:
     673            return expression
     674
     675        key = self.arg_key
     676        value = parent.args.get(key)
     677
     678        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
     679            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
     680            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
     681            value.parent.replace(expression)
     682        else:
     683            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
     684
     685        if expression is not self:
     686            self.parent = None
     687            self.arg_key = None
     688            self.index = None
     689
     690        return expression
     691
     692    def pop(self: E) -> E:
     693        """
     694        Remove this expression from its AST.
     695
     696        Returns:
     697            The popped expression.
     698        """
     699        self.replace(None)
     700        return self
     701
     702    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
     703        """
     704        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
     705
     706        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
     707        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
     708
     709        Examples:
     710            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
     711
     712            >>> import sqlglot
     713            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
     714            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
     715        """
     716        if not isinstance(self, type_):
     717            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
     718        return self
     719
     720    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
     721        """
     722        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
     723
     724        Args:
     725            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
     726                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
     727
     728        Returns:
     729            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
     730        """
     731        errors: t.List[str] = []
     732
     733        for k in self.args:
     734            if k not in self.arg_types:
     735                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
     736        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
     737            v = self.args.get(k)
     738            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
     739                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
     740
     741        if (
     742            args
     743            and isinstance(self, Func)
     744            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
     745            and not self.is_var_len_args
     746        ):
     747            errors.append(
     748                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
     749                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
     750            )
     751
     752        return errors
     753
     754    def dump(self):
     755        """
     756        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
     757        """
     758        from sqlglot.serde import dump
     759
     760        return dump(self)
     761
     762    @classmethod
     763    def load(cls, obj):
     764        """
     765        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
     766        """
     767        from sqlglot.serde import load
     768
     769        return load(obj)
     770
     771    def and_(
     772        self,
     773        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     774        dialect: DialectType = None,
     775        copy: bool = True,
     776        wrap: bool = True,
     777        **opts,
     778    ) -> Condition:
     779        """
     780        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     781
     782        Example:
     783            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
     784            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
     785
     786        Args:
     787            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     788                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     789            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     790            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     791            wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
     792                precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
     793                causes recursion-related issues.
     794            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     795
     796        Returns:
     797            The new And condition.
     798        """
     799        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts)
     800
     801    def or_(
     802        self,
     803        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
     804        dialect: DialectType = None,
     805        copy: bool = True,
     806        wrap: bool = True,
     807        **opts,
     808    ) -> Condition:
     809        """
     810        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
     811
     812        Example:
     813            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
     814            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
     815
     816        Args:
     817            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
     818                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
     819            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
     820            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
     821            wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
     822                precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
     823                causes recursion-related issues.
     824            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
     825
     826        Returns:
     827            The new Or condition.
     828        """
     829        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts)
     830
     831    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
     832        """
     833        Wrap this condition with NOT.
     834
     835        Example:
     836            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
     837            'NOT x = 1'
     838
     839        Args:
     840            copy: whether to copy this object.
     841
     842        Returns:
     843            The new Not instance.
     844        """
     845        return not_(self, copy=copy)
     846
     847    def as_(
     848        self,
     849        alias: str | Identifier,
     850        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
     851        dialect: DialectType = None,
     852        copy: bool = True,
     853        **opts,
     854    ) -> Alias:
     855        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
     856
     857    def _binop(self, klass: t.Type[E], other: t.Any, reverse: bool = False) -> E:
     858        this = self.copy()
     859        other = convert(other, copy=True)
     860        if not isinstance(this, klass) and not isinstance(other, klass):
     861            this = _wrap(this, Binary)
     862            other = _wrap(other, Binary)
     863        if reverse:
     864            return klass(this=other, expression=this)
     865        return klass(this=this, expression=other)
     866
     867    def __getitem__(self, other: ExpOrStr | t.Tuple[ExpOrStr]) -> Bracket:
     868        return Bracket(
     869            this=self.copy(), expressions=[convert(e, copy=True) for e in ensure_list(other)]
     870        )
     871
     872    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator:
     873        if "expressions" in self.arg_types:
     874            return iter(self.args.get("expressions") or [])
     875        # We define this because __getitem__ converts Expression into an iterable, which is
     876        # problematic because one can hit infinite loops if they do "for x in some_expr: ..."
     877        # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0234/
     878        raise TypeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object is not iterable")
     879
     880    def isin(
     881        self,
     882        *expressions: t.Any,
     883        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
     884        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
     885        copy: bool = True,
     886        **opts,
     887    ) -> In:
     888        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
     889        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
     890            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
     891
     892        return In(
     893            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     894            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
     895            query=subquery,
     896            unnest=(
     897                Unnest(
     898                    expressions=[
     899                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
     900                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
     901                    ]
     902                )
     903                if unnest
     904                else None
     905            ),
     906        )
     907
     908    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
     909        return Between(
     910            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
     911            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
     912            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
     913        )
     914
     915    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
     916        return self._binop(Is, other)
     917
     918    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
     919        return self._binop(Like, other)
     920
     921    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
     922        return self._binop(ILike, other)
     923
     924    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
     925        return self._binop(EQ, other)
     926
     927    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
     928        return self._binop(NEQ, other)
     929
     930    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
     931        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)
     932
     933    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
     934        div = self._binop(Div, other)
     935        div.args["typed"] = typed
     936        div.args["safe"] = safe
     937        return div
     938
     939    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
     940        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)
     941
     942    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
     943        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)
     944
     945    def __lt__(self, other: t.Any) -> LT:
     946        return self._binop(LT, other)
     947
     948    def __le__(self, other: t.Any) -> LTE:
     949        return self._binop(LTE, other)
     950
     951    def __gt__(self, other: t.Any) -> GT:
     952        return self._binop(GT, other)
     953
     954    def __ge__(self, other: t.Any) -> GTE:
     955        return self._binop(GTE, other)
     956
     957    def __add__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     958        return self._binop(Add, other)
     959
     960    def __radd__(self, other: t.Any) -> Add:
     961        return self._binop(Add, other, reverse=True)
     962
     963    def __sub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     964        return self._binop(Sub, other)
     965
     966    def __rsub__(self, other: t.Any) -> Sub:
     967        return self._binop(Sub, other, reverse=True)
     968
     969    def __mul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     970        return self._binop(Mul, other)
     971
     972    def __rmul__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mul:
     973        return self._binop(Mul, other, reverse=True)
     974
     975    def __truediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     976        return self._binop(Div, other)
     977
     978    def __rtruediv__(self, other: t.Any) -> Div:
     979        return self._binop(Div, other, reverse=True)
     980
     981    def __floordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     982        return self._binop(IntDiv, other)
     983
     984    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: t.Any) -> IntDiv:
     985        return self._binop(IntDiv, other, reverse=True)
     986
     987    def __mod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     988        return self._binop(Mod, other)
     989
     990    def __rmod__(self, other: t.Any) -> Mod:
     991        return self._binop(Mod, other, reverse=True)
     992
     993    def __pow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     994        return self._binop(Pow, other)
     995
     996    def __rpow__(self, other: t.Any) -> Pow:
     997        return self._binop(Pow, other, reverse=True)
     998
     999    def __and__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
    1000        return self._binop(And, other)
    1001
    1002    def __rand__(self, other: t.Any) -> And:
    1003        return self._binop(And, other, reverse=True)
    1004
    1005    def __or__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
    1006        return self._binop(Or, other)
    1007
    1008    def __ror__(self, other: t.Any) -> Or:
    1009        return self._binop(Or, other, reverse=True)
    1010
    1011    def __neg__(self) -> Neg:
    1012        return Neg(this=_wrap(self.copy(), Binary))
    1013
    1014    def __invert__(self) -> Not:
    1015        return not_(self.copy())

The base class for all expressions in a syntax tree. Each Expression encapsulates any necessary context, such as its child expressions, their names (arg keys), and whether a given child expression is optional or not.

###### Attributes:

- key: a unique key for each class in the Expression hierarchy. This is useful for hashing and representing expressions as strings.
- arg_types: determines the arguments (child nodes) supported by an expression. It maps arg keys to booleans that indicate whether the corresponding args are optional.
- parent: a reference to the parent expression (or None, in case of root expressions).
- arg_key: the arg key an expression is associated with, i.e. the name its parent expression uses to refer to it.
- index: the index of an expression if it is inside of a list argument in its parent.
- comments: a list of comments that are associated with a given expression. This is used in order to preserve comments when transpiling SQL code.
- type: the `sqlglot.expressions.DataType` type of an expression. This is inferred by the optimizer, in order to enable some transformations that require type information.
- meta: a dictionary that can be used to store useful metadata for a given expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> class Foo(Expression):
>     ...     arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

> The above definition informs us that Foo is an Expression that requires an argument called "this" and may also optionally receive an argument called "expression".

###### Arguments:

- args: a mapping used for retrieving the arguments of an expression, given their arg keys.

Expression(**args: Any) View Source

    102    def __init__(self, **args: t.Any):
    103        self.args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = args
    104        self.parent: t.Optional[Expression] = None
    105        self.arg_key: t.Optional[str] = None
    106        self.index: t.Optional[int] = None
    107        self.comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
    108        self._type: t.Optional[DataType] = None
    109        self._meta: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
    110        self._hash: t.Optional[int] = None
    111
    112        for arg_key, value in self.args.items():
    113            self._set_parent(arg_key, value)

key = 'expression'
arg_types = {'this': True}
args: Dict[str, Any]
parent: Optional[Expression]
arg_key: Optional[str]
index: Optional[int]
comments: Optional[List[str]]
hashable_args: Any View Source

    118    @property
    119    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    120        return frozenset(
    121            (k, tuple(_norm_arg(a) for a in v) if type(v) is list else _norm_arg(v))
    122            for k, v in self.args.items()
    123            if not (v is None or v is False or (type(v) is list and not v))
    124        )

this: Any View Source

    132    @property
    133    def this(self) -> t.Any:
    134        """
    135        Retrieves the argument with key "this".
    136        """
    137        return self.args.get("this")

Retrieves the argument with key "this".

expression: Any View Source

    139    @property
    140    def expression(self) -> t.Any:
    141        """
    142        Retrieves the argument with key "expression".
    143        """
    144        return self.args.get("expression")

Retrieves the argument with key "expression".

expressions: List[Any] View Source

    146    @property
    147    def expressions(self) -> t.List[t.Any]:
    148        """
    149        Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".
    150        """
    151        return self.args.get("expressions") or []

Retrieves the argument with key "expressions".

def text(self, key) -> str: View Source

    153    def text(self, key) -> str:
    154        """
    155        Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used
    156        for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.
    157        """
    158        field = self.args.get(key)
    159        if isinstance(field, str):
    160            return field
    161        if isinstance(field, (Identifier, Literal, Var)):
    162            return field.this
    163        if isinstance(field, (Star, Null)):
    164            return field.name
    165        return ""

Returns a textual representation of the argument corresponding to "key". This can only be used for args that are strings or leaf Expression instances, such as identifiers and literals.

is_string: bool View Source

    167    @property
    168    def is_string(self) -> bool:
    169        """
    170        Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.
    171        """
    172        return isinstance(self, Literal) and self.args["is_string"]

Checks whether a Literal expression is a string.

is_number: bool View Source

    174    @property
    175    def is_number(self) -> bool:
    176        """
    177        Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.
    178        """
    179        return (isinstance(self, Literal) and not self.args["is_string"]) or (
    180            isinstance(self, Neg) and self.this.is_number
    181        )

Checks whether a Literal expression is a number.

def to_py(self) -> Any: View Source

    183    def to_py(self) -> t.Any:
    184        """
    185        Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.
    186        """
    187        raise ValueError(f"{self} cannot be converted to a Python object.")

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

is_int: bool View Source

    189    @property
    190    def is_int(self) -> bool:
    191        """
    192        Checks whether an expression is an integer.
    193        """
    194        return self.is_number and isinstance(self.to_py(), int)

Checks whether an expression is an integer.

is_star: bool View Source

    196    @property
    197    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    198        """Checks whether an expression is a star."""
    199        return isinstance(self, Star) or (isinstance(self, Column) and isinstance(self.this, Star))

Checks whether an expression is a star.

alias: str View Source

    201    @property
    202    def alias(self) -> str:
    203        """
    204        Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.
    205        """
    206        if isinstance(self.args.get("alias"), TableAlias):
    207            return self.args["alias"].name
    208        return self.text("alias")

Returns the alias of the expression, or an empty string if it's not aliased.

alias_column_names: List[str] View Source

    210    @property
    211    def alias_column_names(self) -> t.List[str]:
    212        table_alias = self.args.get("alias")
    213        if not table_alias:
    214            return []
    215        return [c.name for c in table_alias.args.get("columns") or []]

name: str View Source

    217    @property
    218    def name(self) -> str:
    219        return self.text("this")

alias_or_name: str View Source

    221    @property
    222    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    223        return self.alias or self.name

output_name: str View Source

    225    @property
    226    def output_name(self) -> str:
    227        """
    228        Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.
    229
    230        If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.
    231
    232        Example:
    233            >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    234            >>> parse_one("SELECT a").expressions[0].output_name
    235            'a'
    236            >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c").expressions[0].output_name
    237            'c'
    238            >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2").expressions[0].output_name
    239            ''
    240        """
    241        return ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

type: Optional[DataType] View Source

    243    @property
    244    def type(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    245        return self._type

def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool: View Source

    253    def is_type(self, *dtypes) -> bool:
    254        return self.type is not None and self.type.is_type(*dtypes)

def is_leaf(self) -> bool: View Source

    256    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
    257        return not any(isinstance(v, (Expression, list)) for v in self.args.values())

meta: Dict[str, Any] View Source

    259    @property
    260    def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
    261        if self._meta is None:
    262            self._meta = {}
    263        return self._meta

def copy(self) -> typing_extensions.Self: View Source

    299    def copy(self) -> Self:
    300        """
    301        Returns a deep copy of the expression.
    302        """
    303        return deepcopy(self)

Returns a deep copy of the expression.

def add_comments( self, comments: Optional[List[str]] = None, prepend: bool = False) -> None: View Source

    305    def add_comments(self, comments: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None, prepend: bool = False) -> None:
    306        if self.comments is None:
    307            self.comments = []
    308
    309        if comments:
    310            for comment in comments:
    311                _, *meta = comment.split(SQLGLOT_META)
    312                if meta:
    313                    for kv in "".join(meta).split(","):
    314                        k, *v = kv.split("=")
    315                        value = v[0].strip() if v else True
    316                        self.meta[k.strip()] = value
    317
    318                if not prepend:
    319                    self.comments.append(comment)
    320
    321            if prepend:
    322                self.comments = comments + self.comments

def pop_comments(self) -> List[str]: View Source

    324    def pop_comments(self) -> t.List[str]:
    325        comments = self.comments or []
    326        self.comments = None
    327        return comments

def append(self, arg_key: str, value: Any) -> None: View Source

    329    def append(self, arg_key: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
    330        """
    331        Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.
    332
    333        Args:
    334            arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
    335            value (Any): value to append to the list
    336        """
    337        if type(self.args.get(arg_key)) is not list:
    338            self.args[arg_key] = []
    339        self._set_parent(arg_key, value)
    340        values = self.args[arg_key]
    341        if hasattr(value, "parent"):
    342            value.index = len(values)
    343        values.append(value)

Appends value to arg_key if it's a list or sets it as a new list.

###### Arguments:

- arg_key (str): name of the list expression arg
- value (Any): value to append to the list

def set( self, arg_key: str, value: Any, index: Optional[int] = None, overwrite: bool = True) -> None: View Source

    345    def set(
    346        self,
    347        arg_key: str,
    348        value: t.Any,
    349        index: t.Optional[int] = None,
    350        overwrite: bool = True,
    351    ) -> None:
    352        """
    353        Sets arg_key to value.
    354
    355        Args:
    356            arg_key: name of the expression arg.
    357            value: value to set the arg to.
    358            index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
    359            overwrite: assuming an index is given, this determines whether to overwrite the
    360                list entry instead of only inserting a new value (i.e., like list.insert).
    361        """
    362        if index is not None:
    363            expressions = self.args.get(arg_key) or []
    364
    365            if seq_get(expressions, index) is None:
    366                return
    367            if value is None:
    368                expressions.pop(index)
    369                for v in expressions[index:]:
    370                    v.index = v.index - 1
    371                return
    372
    373            if isinstance(value, list):
    374                expressions.pop(index)
    375                expressions[index:index] = value
    376            elif overwrite:
    377                expressions[index] = value
    378            else:
    379                expressions.insert(index, value)
    380
    381            value = expressions
    382        elif value is None:
    383            self.args.pop(arg_key, None)
    384            return
    385
    386        self.args[arg_key] = value
    387        self._set_parent(arg_key, value, index)

Sets arg_key to value.

###### Arguments:

- arg_key: name of the expression arg.
- value: value to set the arg to.
- index: if the arg is a list, this specifies what position to add the value in it.
- overwrite: assuming an index is given, this determines whether to overwrite the list entry instead of only inserting a new value (i.e., like list.insert).

depth: int View Source

    401    @property
    402    def depth(self) -> int:
    403        """
    404        Returns the depth of this tree.
    405        """
    406        if self.parent:
    407            return self.parent.depth + 1
    408        return 0

Returns the depth of this tree.

def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    410    def iter_expressions(self, reverse: bool = False) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    411        """Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args."""
    412        # remove tuple when python 3.7 is deprecated
    413        for vs in reversed(tuple(self.args.values())) if reverse else self.args.values():  # type: ignore
    414            if type(vs) is list:
    415                for v in reversed(vs) if reverse else vs:  # type: ignore
    416                    if hasattr(v, "parent"):
    417                        yield v
    418            else:
    419                if hasattr(vs, "parent"):
    420                    yield vs

Yields the key and expression for all arguments, exploding list args.

def find(self, *expression_types: Type[~E], bfs: bool = True) -> Optional[~E]: View Source

    422    def find(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Optional[E]:
    423        """
    424        Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of
    425        the specified types.
    426
    427        Args:
    428            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    429            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
    430
    431        Returns:
    432            The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.
    433        """
    434        return next(self.find_all(*expression_types, bfs=bfs), None)

Returns the first node in this tree which matches at least one of the specified types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
- bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).

###### Returns:

> The node which matches the criteria or None if no such node was found.

def find_all(self, *expression_types: Type[~E], bfs: bool = True) -> Iterator[~E]: View Source

    436    def find_all(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E], bfs: bool = True) -> t.Iterator[E]:
    437        """
    438        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only
    439        yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.
    440
    441        Args:
    442            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    443            bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).
    444
    445        Returns:
    446            The generator object.
    447        """
    448        for expression in self.walk(bfs=bfs):
    449            if isinstance(expression, expression_types):
    450                yield expression

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree and only yields those that match at least one of the specified expression types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
- bfs: whether to search the AST using the BFS algorithm (DFS is used if false).

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: Type[~E]) -> Optional[~E]: View Source

    452    def find_ancestor(self, *expression_types: t.Type[E]) -> t.Optional[E]:
    453        """
    454        Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.
    455
    456        Args:
    457            expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.
    458
    459        Returns:
    460            The parent node.
    461        """
    462        ancestor = self.parent
    463        while ancestor and not isinstance(ancestor, expression_types):
    464            ancestor = ancestor.parent
    465        return ancestor  # type: ignore

Returns a nearest parent matching expression_types.

###### Arguments:

- expression_types: the expression type(s) to match.

###### Returns:

> The parent node.

parent_select: Optional[Select] View Source

    467    @property
    468    def parent_select(self) -> t.Optional[Select]:
    469        """
    470        Returns the parent select statement.
    471        """
    472        return self.find_ancestor(Select)

Returns the parent select statement.

same_parent: bool View Source

    474    @property
    475    def same_parent(self) -> bool:
    476        """Returns if the parent is the same class as itself."""
    477        return type(self.parent) is self.__class__

Returns if the parent is the same class as itself.

def root(self) -> Expression: View Source

    479    def root(self) -> Expression:
    480        """
    481        Returns the root expression of this tree.
    482        """
    483        expression = self
    484        while expression.parent:
    485            expression = expression.parent
    486        return expression

Returns the root expression of this tree.

def walk( self, bfs: bool = True, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    488    def walk(
    489        self, bfs: bool = True, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    490    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    491        """
    492        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.
    493
    494        Args:
    495            bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied,
    496                otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
    497            prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing
    498                this branch of the tree.
    499
    500        Returns:
    501            the generator object.
    502        """
    503        if bfs:
    504            yield from self.bfs(prune=prune)
    505        else:
    506            yield from self.dfs(prune=prune)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree.

###### Arguments:

- bfs: if set to True the BFS traversal order will be applied, otherwise the DFS traversal will be used instead.
- prune: callable that returns True if the generator should stop traversing this branch of the tree.

###### Returns:

> the generator object.

def dfs( self, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    508    def dfs(
    509        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    510    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    511        """
    512        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
    513        the DFS (Depth-first) order.
    514
    515        Returns:
    516            The generator object.
    517        """
    518        stack = [self]
    519
    520        while stack:
    521            node = stack.pop()
    522
    523            yield node
    524
    525            if prune and prune(node):
    526                continue
    527
    528            for v in node.iter_expressions(reverse=True):
    529                stack.append(v)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in the DFS (Depth-first) order.

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def bfs( self, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Iterator[Expression]: View Source

    531    def bfs(
    532        self, prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None
    533    ) -> t.Iterator[Expression]:
    534        """
    535        Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in
    536        the BFS (Breadth-first) order.
    537
    538        Returns:
    539            The generator object.
    540        """
    541        queue = deque([self])
    542
    543        while queue:
    544            node = queue.popleft()
    545
    546            yield node
    547
    548            if prune and prune(node):
    549                continue
    550
    551            for v in node.iter_expressions():
    552                queue.append(v)

Returns a generator object which visits all nodes in this tree in the BFS (Breadth-first) order.

###### Returns:

> The generator object.

def unnest(self): View Source

    554    def unnest(self):
    555        """
    556        Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.
    557        """
    558        expression = self
    559        while type(expression) is Paren:
    560            expression = expression.this
    561        return expression

Returns the first non parenthesis child or self.

def unalias(self): View Source

    563    def unalias(self):
    564        """
    565        Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.
    566        """
    567        if isinstance(self, Alias):
    568            return self.this
    569        return self

Returns the inner expression if this is an Alias.

def unnest_operands(self): View Source

    571    def unnest_operands(self):
    572        """
    573        Returns unnested operands as a tuple.
    574        """
    575        return tuple(arg.unnest() for arg in self.iter_expressions())

Returns unnested operands as a tuple.

def flatten(self, unnest=True): View Source

    577    def flatten(self, unnest=True):
    578        """
    579        Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.
    580
    581        A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]
    582        """
    583        for node in self.dfs(prune=lambda n: n.parent and type(n) is not self.__class__):
    584            if type(node) is not self.__class__:
    585                yield node.unnest() if unnest and not isinstance(node, Subquery) else node

Returns a generator which yields child nodes whose parents are the same class.

A AND B AND C -> [A, B, C]

def to_s(self) -> str: View Source

    593    def to_s(self) -> str:
    594        """
    595        Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful
    596        for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.
    597        """
    598        return _to_s(self, verbose=True)

Same as __repr__, but includes additional information which can be useful for debugging, like empty or missing args and the AST nodes' object IDs.

def sql( self, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> str: View Source

    600    def sql(self, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> str:
    601        """
    602        Returns SQL string representation of this tree.
    603
    604        Args:
    605            dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
    606            opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.
    607
    608        Returns:
    609            The SQL string.
    610        """
    611        from sqlglot.dialects import Dialect
    612
    613        return Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect).generate(self, **opts)

Returns SQL string representation of this tree.

###### Arguments:

- dialect: the dialect of the output SQL string (eg. "spark", "hive", "presto", "mysql").
- opts: other `sqlglot.generator.Generator` options.

###### Returns:

> The SQL string.

def transform( self, fun: Callable, *args: Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression: View Source

    615    def transform(self, fun: t.Callable, *args: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    616        """
    617        Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones)
    618        and applies the given transformation function to each node.
    619
    620        Args:
    621            fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a
    622                new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function
    623                returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
    624            copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is
    625                modified in place.
    626
    627        Returns:
    628            The transformed tree.
    629        """
    630        root = None
    631        new_node = None
    632
    633        for node in (self.copy() if copy else self).dfs(prune=lambda n: n is not new_node):
    634            parent, arg_key, index = node.parent, node.arg_key, node.index
    635            new_node = fun(node, *args, **kwargs)
    636
    637            if not root:
    638                root = new_node
    639            elif new_node is not node:
    640                parent.set(arg_key, new_node, index)
    641
    642        assert root
    643        return root.assert_is(Expression)

Visits all tree nodes (excluding already transformed ones) and applies the given transformation function to each node.

###### Arguments:

- fun: a function which takes a node as an argument and returns a new transformed node or the same node without modifications. If the function returns None, then the corresponding node will be removed from the syntax tree.
- copy: if set to True a new tree instance is constructed, otherwise the tree is modified in place.

###### Returns:

> The transformed tree.

def replace(self, expression): View Source

    651    def replace(self, expression):
    652        """
    653        Swap out this expression with a new expression.
    654
    655        For example::
    656
    657            >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
    658            >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
    659            Column(
    660              this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
    661            >>> tree.sql()
    662            'SELECT y FROM tbl'
    663
    664        Args:
    665            expression: new node
    666
    667        Returns:
    668            The new expression or expressions.
    669        """
    670        parent = self.parent
    671
    672        if not parent or parent is expression:
    673            return expression
    674
    675        key = self.arg_key
    676        value = parent.args.get(key)
    677
    678        if type(expression) is list and isinstance(value, Expression):
    679            # We are trying to replace an Expression with a list, so it's assumed that
    680            # the intention was to really replace the parent of this expression.
    681            value.parent.replace(expression)
    682        else:
    683            parent.set(key, expression, self.index)
    684
    685        if expression is not self:
    686            self.parent = None
    687            self.arg_key = None
    688            self.index = None
    689
    690        return expression

Swap out this expression with a new expression.

For example::

    >>> tree = Select().select("x").from_("tbl")
    >>> tree.find(Column).replace(column("y"))
    Column(
      this=Identifier(this=y, quoted=False))
    >>> tree.sql()
    'SELECT y FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- expression: new node

###### Returns:

> The new expression or expressions.

def pop(self: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    692    def pop(self: E) -> E:
    693        """
    694        Remove this expression from its AST.
    695
    696        Returns:
    697            The popped expression.
    698        """
    699        self.replace(None)
    700        return self

Remove this expression from its AST.

###### Returns:

> The popped expression.

def assert_is(self, type_: Type[~E]) -> ~E: View Source

    702    def assert_is(self, type_: t.Type[E]) -> E:
    703        """
    704        Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.
    705
    706        If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error.
    707        Otherwise, this returns this expression.
    708
    709        Examples:
    710            This is useful for type security in chained expressions:
    711
    712            >>> import sqlglot
    713            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
    714            'SELECT x, z FROM y'
    715        """
    716        if not isinstance(self, type_):
    717            raise AssertionError(f"{self} is not {type_}.")
    718        return self

Assert that this `Expression` is an instance of `type_`.

If it is NOT an instance of `type_`, this raises an assertion error. Otherwise, this returns this expression.

###### Examples:

> This is useful for type security in chained expressions:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT x from y").assert_is(Select).select("z").sql()
>     'SELECT x, z FROM y'

def error_messages(self, args: Optional[Sequence] = None) -> List[str]: View Source

    720    def error_messages(self, args: t.Optional[t.Sequence] = None) -> t.List[str]:
    721        """
    722        Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).
    723
    724        Args:
    725            args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used
    726                to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.
    727
    728        Returns:
    729            A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.
    730        """
    731        errors: t.List[str] = []
    732
    733        for k in self.args:
    734            if k not in self.arg_types:
    735                errors.append(f"Unexpected keyword: '{k}' for {self.__class__}")
    736        for k, mandatory in self.arg_types.items():
    737            v = self.args.get(k)
    738            if mandatory and (v is None or (isinstance(v, list) and not v)):
    739                errors.append(f"Required keyword: '{k}' missing for {self.__class__}")
    740
    741        if (
    742            args
    743            and isinstance(self, Func)
    744            and len(args) > len(self.arg_types)
    745            and not self.is_var_len_args
    746        ):
    747            errors.append(
    748                f"The number of provided arguments ({len(args)}) is greater than "
    749                f"the maximum number of supported arguments ({len(self.arg_types)})"
    750            )
    751
    752        return errors

Checks if this expression is valid (e.g. all mandatory args are set).

###### Arguments:

- args: a sequence of values that were used to instantiate a Func expression. This is used to check that the provided arguments don't exceed the function argument limit.

###### Returns:

> A list of error messages for all possible errors that were found.

def dump(self): View Source

    754    def dump(self):
    755        """
    756        Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.
    757        """
    758        from sqlglot.serde import dump
    759
    760        return dump(self)

Dump this Expression to a JSON-serializable dict.

@classmethod
def load(cls, obj): View Source

    762    @classmethod
    763    def load(cls, obj):
    764        """
    765        Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.
    766        """
    767        from sqlglot.serde import load
    768
    769        return load(obj)

Load a dict (as returned by `Expression.dump`) into an Expression instance.

def and_( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, wrap: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    771    def and_(
    772        self,
    773        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    774        dialect: DialectType = None,
    775        copy: bool = True,
    776        wrap: bool = True,
    777        **opts,
    778    ) -> Condition:
    779        """
    780        AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.
    781
    782        Example:
    783            >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
    784            'x = 1 AND y = 1'
    785
    786        Args:
    787            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    788                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    789            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    790            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
    791            wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
    792                precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
    793                causes recursion-related issues.
    794            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    795
    796        Returns:
    797            The new And condition.
    798        """
    799        return and_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts)

AND this condition with one or multiple expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").and_("y=1").sql()
>     'x = 1 AND y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
- wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and causes recursion-related issues.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new And condition.

def or_( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, wrap: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    801    def or_(
    802        self,
    803        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    804        dialect: DialectType = None,
    805        copy: bool = True,
    806        wrap: bool = True,
    807        **opts,
    808    ) -> Condition:
    809        """
    810        OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.
    811
    812        Example:
    813            >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
    814            'x = 1 OR y = 1'
    815
    816        Args:
    817            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    818                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    819            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    820            copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
    821            wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
    822                precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
    823                causes recursion-related issues.
    824            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    825
    826        Returns:
    827            The new Or condition.
    828        """
    829        return or_(self, *expressions, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts)

OR this condition with one or multiple expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").or_("y=1").sql()
>     'x = 1 OR y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the involved expressions (only applies to Expressions).
- wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and causes recursion-related issues.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Or condition.

def not_(self, copy: bool = True): View Source

    831    def not_(self, copy: bool = True):
    832        """
    833        Wrap this condition with NOT.
    834
    835        Example:
    836            >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
    837            'NOT x = 1'
    838
    839        Args:
    840            copy: whether to copy this object.
    841
    842        Returns:
    843            The new Not instance.
    844        """
    845        return not_(self, copy=copy)

Wrap this condition with NOT.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").not_().sql()
>     'NOT x = 1'

###### Arguments:

- copy: whether to copy this object.

###### Returns:

> The new Not instance.

def as_( self, alias: str | Identifier, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Alias: View Source

    847    def as_(
    848        self,
    849        alias: str | Identifier,
    850        quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    851        dialect: DialectType = None,
    852        copy: bool = True,
    853        **opts,
    854    ) -> Alias:
    855        return alias_(self, alias, quoted=quoted, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)

def isin( self, *expressions: Any, query: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, unnest: Union[str, Expression, NoneType, Collection[Union[str, Expression]]] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> In: View Source

    880    def isin(
    881        self,
    882        *expressions: t.Any,
    883        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    884        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    885        copy: bool = True,
    886        **opts,
    887    ) -> In:
    888        subquery = maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None
    889        if subquery and not isinstance(subquery, Subquery):
    890            subquery = subquery.subquery(copy=False)
    891
    892        return In(
    893            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    894            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    895            query=subquery,
    896            unnest=(
    897                Unnest(
    898                    expressions=[
    899                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    900                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    901                    ]
    902                )
    903                if unnest
    904                else None
    905            ),
    906        )

def between( self, low: Any, high: Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between: View Source

    908    def between(self, low: t.Any, high: t.Any, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Between:
    909        return Between(
    910            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    911            low=convert(low, copy=copy, **opts),
    912            high=convert(high, copy=copy, **opts),
    913        )

def is_( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> Is: View Source

    915    def is_(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Is:
    916        return self._binop(Is, other)

def like( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> Like: View Source

    918    def like(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> Like:
    919        return self._binop(Like, other)

def ilike( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> ILike: View Source

    921    def ilike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> ILike:
    922        return self._binop(ILike, other)

def eq(self, other: Any) -> EQ: View Source

    924    def eq(self, other: t.Any) -> EQ:
    925        return self._binop(EQ, other)

def neq(self, other: Any) -> NEQ: View Source

    927    def neq(self, other: t.Any) -> NEQ:
    928        return self._binop(NEQ, other)

def rlike( self, other: Union[str, Expression]) -> RegexpLike: View Source

    930    def rlike(self, other: ExpOrStr) -> RegexpLike:
    931        return self._binop(RegexpLike, other)

def div( self, other: Union[str, Expression], typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div: View Source

    933    def div(self, other: ExpOrStr, typed: bool = False, safe: bool = False) -> Div:
    934        div = self._binop(Div, other)
    935        div.args["typed"] = typed
    936        div.args["safe"] = safe
    937        return div

def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered: View Source

    939    def asc(self, nulls_first: bool = True) -> Ordered:
    940        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), nulls_first=nulls_first)

def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered: View Source

    942    def desc(self, nulls_first: bool = False) -> Ordered:
    943        return Ordered(this=self.copy(), desc=True, nulls_first=nulls_first)

IntoType = typing.Union[str, typing.Type[Expression], typing.Collection[typing.Union[str, typing.Type[Expression]]]]
ExpOrStr = typing.Union[str, Expression]
class Condition(Expression): View Source

    1026class Condition(Expression):
    1027    """Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x"""

Logical conditions like x AND y, or simply x

key = 'condition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Predicate(Condition): View Source

    1030class Predicate(Condition):
    1031    """Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y."""

Relationships like x = y, x > 1, x >= y.

key = 'predicate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DerivedTable(Expression): View Source

    1034class DerivedTable(Expression):
    1035    @property
    1036    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1037        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []
    1038
    1039    @property
    1040    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1041        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1035    @property
    1036    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1037        return self.this.selects if isinstance(self.this, Query) else []

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1039    @property
    1040    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1041        return [select.output_name for select in self.selects]

key = 'derivedtable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Query(Expression): View Source

    1044class Query(Expression):
    1045    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1046        """
    1047        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1048
    1049        Example:
    1050            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1051            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1052            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1053
    1054        Args:
    1055            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1056            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1057        """
    1058        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1059        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1060            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1061
    1062        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)
    1063
    1064    def limit(
    1065        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1066    ) -> Q:
    1067        """
    1068        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1069
    1070        Example:
    1071            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1072            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1073
    1074        Args:
    1075            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1076                This can also be an integer.
    1077                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1078                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1079            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1080            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1081            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1082
    1083        Returns:
    1084            A limited Select expression.
    1085        """
    1086        return _apply_builder(
    1087            expression=expression,
    1088            instance=self,
    1089            arg="limit",
    1090            into=Limit,
    1091            prefix="LIMIT",
    1092            dialect=dialect,
    1093            copy=copy,
    1094            into_arg="expression",
    1095            **opts,
    1096        )
    1097
    1098    def offset(
    1099        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1100    ) -> Q:
    1101        """
    1102        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1103
    1104        Example:
    1105            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1106            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1107
    1108        Args:
    1109            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1110                This can also be an integer.
    1111                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1112                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1113            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1114            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1115            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1116
    1117        Returns:
    1118            The modified Select expression.
    1119        """
    1120        return _apply_builder(
    1121            expression=expression,
    1122            instance=self,
    1123            arg="offset",
    1124            into=Offset,
    1125            prefix="OFFSET",
    1126            dialect=dialect,
    1127            copy=copy,
    1128            into_arg="expression",
    1129            **opts,
    1130        )
    1131
    1132    def order_by(
    1133        self: Q,
    1134        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1135        append: bool = True,
    1136        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1137        copy: bool = True,
    1138        **opts,
    1139    ) -> Q:
    1140        """
    1141        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1142
    1143        Example:
    1144            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1145            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1146
    1147        Args:
    1148            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1149                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1150                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1151            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1152                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1153            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1154            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1155            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1156
    1157        Returns:
    1158            The modified Select expression.
    1159        """
    1160        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1161            *expressions,
    1162            instance=self,
    1163            arg="order",
    1164            append=append,
    1165            copy=copy,
    1166            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1167            into=Order,
    1168            dialect=dialect,
    1169            **opts,
    1170        )
    1171
    1172    @property
    1173    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1174        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1175        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1176        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1177
    1178    @property
    1179    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1180        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1181        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")
    1182
    1183    @property
    1184    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1185        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1186        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")
    1187
    1188    def select(
    1189        self: Q,
    1190        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1191        append: bool = True,
    1192        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1193        copy: bool = True,
    1194        **opts,
    1195    ) -> Q:
    1196        """
    1197        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1198
    1199        Example:
    1200            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1201            'SELECT x, y'
    1202
    1203        Args:
    1204            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1205                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1206            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1207                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1208            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1209            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1210            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1211
    1212        Returns:
    1213            The modified Query expression.
    1214        """
    1215        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")
    1216
    1217    def with_(
    1218        self: Q,
    1219        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1220        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1221        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1222        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1223        append: bool = True,
    1224        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1225        copy: bool = True,
    1226        **opts,
    1227    ) -> Q:
    1228        """
    1229        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1230
    1231        Example:
    1232            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1233            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1234
    1235        Args:
    1236            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1237                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1238            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1239                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1240            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1241            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    1242            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1243                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1244            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1245            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1246            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1247
    1248        Returns:
    1249            The modified expression.
    1250        """
    1251        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1252            self,
    1253            alias,
    1254            as_,
    1255            recursive=recursive,
    1256            materialized=materialized,
    1257            append=append,
    1258            dialect=dialect,
    1259            copy=copy,
    1260            **opts,
    1261        )
    1262
    1263    def union(
    1264        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1265    ) -> Union:
    1266        """
    1267        Builds a UNION expression.
    1268
    1269        Example:
    1270            >>> import sqlglot
    1271            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1272            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1273
    1274        Args:
    1275            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1276                If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1277            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1278            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1279            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1280
    1281        Returns:
    1282            The new Union expression.
    1283        """
    1284        return union(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1285
    1286    def intersect(
    1287        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1288    ) -> Intersect:
    1289        """
    1290        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1291
    1292        Example:
    1293            >>> import sqlglot
    1294            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1295            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1296
    1297        Args:
    1298            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1299                If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1300            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1301            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1302            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1303
    1304        Returns:
    1305            The new Intersect expression.
    1306        """
    1307        return intersect(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    1308
    1309    def except_(
    1310        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1311    ) -> Except:
    1312        """
    1313        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1314
    1315        Example:
    1316            >>> import sqlglot
    1317            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1318            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1319
    1320        Args:
    1321            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1322                If `Expression` instance are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1323            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1324            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1325            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1326
    1327        Returns:
    1328            The new Except expression.
    1329        """
    1330        return except_(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

def subquery( self, alias: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery: View Source

    1045    def subquery(self, alias: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Subquery:
    1046        """
    1047        Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.
    1048
    1049        Example:
    1050            >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
    1051            >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
    1052            'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'
    1053
    1054        Args:
    1055            alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
    1056            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1057        """
    1058        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    1059        if not isinstance(alias, Expression):
    1060            alias = TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None
    1061
    1062        return Subquery(this=instance, alias=alias)

Returns a `Subquery` that wraps around this query.

###### Example:

>     >>> subquery = Select().select("x").from_("tbl").subquery()
>     >>> Select().select("x").from_(subquery).sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl)'

###### Arguments:

- alias: an optional alias for the subquery.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

def limit( self: ~Q, expression: Union[str, Expression, int], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1064    def limit(
    1065        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1066    ) -> Q:
    1067        """
    1068        Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.
    1069
    1070        Example:
    1071            >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
    1072            'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'
    1073
    1074        Args:
    1075            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1076                This can also be an integer.
    1077                If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1078                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
    1079            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1080            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1081            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1082
    1083        Returns:
    1084            A limited Select expression.
    1085        """
    1086        return _apply_builder(
    1087            expression=expression,
    1088            instance=self,
    1089            arg="limit",
    1090            into=Limit,
    1091            prefix="LIMIT",
    1092            dialect=dialect,
    1093            copy=copy,
    1094            into_arg="expression",
    1095            **opts,
    1096        )

Adds a LIMIT clause to this query.

###### Example:

>     >>> select("1").union(select("1")).limit(1).sql()
>     'SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 1 LIMIT 1'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. This can also be an integer. If a `Limit` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Limit`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> A limited Select expression.

def offset( self: ~Q, expression: Union[str, Expression, int], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1098    def offset(
    1099        self: Q, expression: ExpOrStr | int, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    1100    ) -> Q:
    1101        """
    1102        Set the OFFSET expression.
    1103
    1104        Example:
    1105            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
    1106            'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'
    1107
    1108        Args:
    1109            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    1110                This can also be an integer.
    1111                If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1112                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
    1113            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1114            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1115            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1116
    1117        Returns:
    1118            The modified Select expression.
    1119        """
    1120        return _apply_builder(
    1121            expression=expression,
    1122            instance=self,
    1123            arg="offset",
    1124            into=Offset,
    1125            prefix="OFFSET",
    1126            dialect=dialect,
    1127            copy=copy,
    1128            into_arg="expression",
    1129            **opts,
    1130        )

Set the OFFSET expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").offset(10).sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl OFFSET 10'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. This can also be an integer. If a `Offset` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Offset`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def order_by( self: ~Q, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1132    def order_by(
    1133        self: Q,
    1134        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1135        append: bool = True,
    1136        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1137        copy: bool = True,
    1138        **opts,
    1139    ) -> Q:
    1140        """
    1141        Set the ORDER BY expression.
    1142
    1143        Example:
    1144            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
    1145            'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'
    1146
    1147        Args:
    1148            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1149                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1150                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
    1151            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1152                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    1153            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1154            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1155            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1156
    1157        Returns:
    1158            The modified Select expression.
    1159        """
    1160        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    1161            *expressions,
    1162            instance=self,
    1163            arg="order",
    1164            append=append,
    1165            copy=copy,
    1166            prefix="ORDER BY",
    1167            into=Order,
    1168            dialect=dialect,
    1169            **opts,
    1170        )

Set the ORDER BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").order_by("x DESC").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl ORDER BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Order`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

ctes: List[CTE] View Source

    1172    @property
    1173    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1174        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query."""
    1175        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1176        return with_.expressions if with_ else []

Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this query.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1178    @property
    1179    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1180        """Returns the query's projections."""
    1181        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `selects`")

Returns the query's projections.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1183    @property
    1184    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1185        """Returns the output names of the query's projections."""
    1186        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `named_selects`")

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

def select( self: ~Q, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1188    def select(
    1189        self: Q,
    1190        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    1191        append: bool = True,
    1192        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1193        copy: bool = True,
    1194        **opts,
    1195    ) -> Q:
    1196        """
    1197        Append to or set the SELECT expressions.
    1198
    1199        Example:
    1200            >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
    1201            'SELECT x, y'
    1202
    1203        Args:
    1204            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1205                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1206            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1207                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1208            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1209            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1210            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1211
    1212        Returns:
    1213            The modified Query expression.
    1214        """
    1215        raise NotImplementedError("Query objects must implement `select`")

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

def with_( self: ~Q, alias: Union[str, Expression], as_: Union[str, Expression], recursive: Optional[bool] = None, materialized: Optional[bool] = None, append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~Q: View Source

    1217    def with_(
    1218        self: Q,
    1219        alias: ExpOrStr,
    1220        as_: ExpOrStr,
    1221        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1222        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    1223        append: bool = True,
    1224        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1225        copy: bool = True,
    1226        **opts,
    1227    ) -> Q:
    1228        """
    1229        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    1230
    1231        Example:
    1232            >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
    1233            'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'
    1234
    1235        Args:
    1236            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    1237                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    1238            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    1239                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1240            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    1241            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    1242            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    1243                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    1244            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1245            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1246            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1247
    1248        Returns:
    1249            The modified expression.
    1250        """
    1251        return _apply_cte_builder(
    1252            self,
    1253            alias,
    1254            as_,
    1255            recursive=recursive,
    1256            materialized=materialized,
    1257            append=append,
    1258            dialect=dialect,
    1259            copy=copy,
    1260            **opts,
    1261        )

Append to or set the common table expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().with_("tbl2", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").select("x").from_("tbl2").sql()
>     'WITH tbl2 AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) SELECT x FROM tbl2'

###### Arguments:

- alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
- materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

def union( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Union: View Source

    1263    def union(
    1264        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1265    ) -> Union:
    1266        """
    1267        Builds a UNION expression.
    1268
    1269        Example:
    1270            >>> import sqlglot
    1271            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1272            'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    1273
    1274        Args:
    1275            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1276                If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1277            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1278            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1279            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1280
    1281        Returns:
    1282            The new Union expression.
    1283        """
    1284        return union(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds a UNION expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").union("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the SQL code strings. If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Union expression.

def intersect( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Intersect: View Source

    1286    def intersect(
    1287        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1288    ) -> Intersect:
    1289        """
    1290        Builds an INTERSECT expression.
    1291
    1292        Example:
    1293            >>> import sqlglot
    1294            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1295            'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1296
    1297        Args:
    1298            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1299                If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1300            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1301            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1302            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1303
    1304        Returns:
    1305            The new Intersect expression.
    1306        """
    1307        return intersect(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds an INTERSECT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").intersect("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the SQL code strings. If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Intersect expression.

def except_( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Except: View Source

    1309    def except_(
    1310        self, *expressions: ExpOrStr, distinct: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    1311    ) -> Except:
    1312        """
    1313        Builds an EXCEPT expression.
    1314
    1315        Example:
    1316            >>> import sqlglot
    1317            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    1318            'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    1319
    1320        Args:
    1321            expressions: the SQL code strings.
    1322                If `Expression` instance are passed, they will be used as-is.
    1323            distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    1324            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1325            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1326
    1327        Returns:
    1328            The new Except expression.
    1329        """
    1330        return except_(self, *expressions, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Builds an EXCEPT expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("SELECT * FROM foo").except_("SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the SQL code strings. If `Expression` instance are passed, they will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Except expression.

key = 'query'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class UDTF(DerivedTable): View Source

    1333class UDTF(DerivedTable):
    1334    @property
    1335    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1336        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1337        return alias.columns if alias else []

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1334    @property
    1335    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1336        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    1337        return alias.columns if alias else []

key = 'udtf'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Cache(Expression): View Source

    1340class Cache(Expression):
    1341    arg_types = {
    1342        "this": True,
    1343        "lazy": False,
    1344        "options": False,
    1345        "expression": False,
    1346    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'lazy': False, 'options': False, 'expression': False}
key = 'cache'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Uncache(Expression): View Source

    1349class Uncache(Expression):
    1350    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'uncache'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
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class Refresh(Expression): View Source

    1353class Refresh(Expression):
    1354    pass

key = 'refresh'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class DDL(Expression): View Source

    1357class DDL(Expression):
    1358    @property
    1359    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1360        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1361        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1362        return with_.expressions if with_ else []
    1363
    1364    @property
    1365    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1366        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1367        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []
    1368
    1369    @property
    1370    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1371        """
    1372        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1373        names of the query's projections.
    1374        """
    1375        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

ctes: List[CTE] View Source

    1358    @property
    1359    def ctes(self) -> t.List[CTE]:
    1360        """Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement."""
    1361        with_ = self.args.get("with")
    1362        return with_.expressions if with_ else []

Returns a list of all the CTEs attached to this statement.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    1364    @property
    1365    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    1366        """If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections."""
    1367        return self.expression.selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the query's projections.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    1369    @property
    1370    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    1371        """
    1372        If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output
    1373        names of the query's projections.
    1374        """
    1375        return self.expression.named_selects if isinstance(self.expression, Query) else []

If this statement contains a query (e.g. a CTAS), this returns the output names of the query's projections.

key = 'ddl'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class DML(Expression): View Source

    1378class DML(Expression):
    1379    def returning(
    1380        self,
    1381        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1382        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1383        copy: bool = True,
    1384        **opts,
    1385    ) -> "Self":
    1386        """
    1387        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1388
    1389        Example:
    1390            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1391            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1392
    1393        Args:
    1394            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1395                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1396            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1397            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1398            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1399
    1400        Returns:
    1401            Delete: the modified expression.
    1402        """
    1403        return _apply_builder(
    1404            expression=expression,
    1405            instance=self,
    1406            arg="returning",
    1407            prefix="RETURNING",
    1408            dialect=dialect,
    1409            copy=copy,
    1410            into=Returning,
    1411            **opts,
    1412        )

def returning( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> typing_extensions.Self: View Source

    1379    def returning(
    1380        self,
    1381        expression: ExpOrStr,
    1382        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1383        copy: bool = True,
    1384        **opts,
    1385    ) -> "Self":
    1386        """
    1387        Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.
    1388
    1389        Example:
    1390            >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
    1391            'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'
    1392
    1393        Args:
    1394            expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    1395                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    1396            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    1397            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1398            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1399
    1400        Returns:
    1401            Delete: the modified expression.
    1402        """
    1403        return _apply_builder(
    1404            expression=expression,
    1405            instance=self,
    1406            arg="returning",
    1407            prefix="RETURNING",
    1408            dialect=dialect,
    1409            copy=copy,
    1410            into=Returning,
    1411            **opts,
    1412        )

Set the RETURNING expression. Not supported by all dialects.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").returning("*", dialect="postgres").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM tbl RETURNING *'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

key = 'dml'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
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  asc
  desc

class Create(DDL): View Source

    1415class Create(DDL):
    1416    arg_types = {
    1417        "with": False,
    1418        "this": True,
    1419        "kind": True,
    1420        "expression": False,
    1421        "exists": False,
    1422        "properties": False,
    1423        "replace": False,
    1424        "refresh": False,
    1425        "unique": False,
    1426        "indexes": False,
    1427        "no_schema_binding": False,
    1428        "begin": False,
    1429        "end": False,
    1430        "clone": False,
    1431        "concurrently": False,
    1432        "clustered": False,
    1433    }
    1434
    1435    @property
    1436    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1437        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1438        return kind and kind.upper()

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': False, 'exists': False, 'properties': False, 'replace': False, 'refresh': False, 'unique': False, 'indexes': False, 'no_schema_binding': False, 'begin': False, 'end': False, 'clone': False, 'concurrently': False, 'clustered': False}
kind: Optional[str] View Source

    1435    @property
    1436    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    1437        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    1438        return kind and kind.upper()

key = 'create'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  asc
  desc
DDL
  ctes
  selects
  named_selects

class SequenceProperties(Expression): View Source

    1441class SequenceProperties(Expression):
    1442    arg_types = {
    1443        "increment": False,
    1444        "minvalue": False,
    1445        "maxvalue": False,
    1446        "cache": False,
    1447        "start": False,
    1448        "owned": False,
    1449        "options": False,
    1450    }

arg_types = {'increment': False, 'minvalue': False, 'maxvalue': False, 'cache': False, 'start': False, 'owned': False, 'options': False}
key = 'sequenceproperties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class TruncateTable(Expression): View Source

    1453class TruncateTable(Expression):
    1454    arg_types = {
    1455        "expressions": True,
    1456        "is_database": False,
    1457        "exists": False,
    1458        "only": False,
    1459        "cluster": False,
    1460        "identity": False,
    1461        "option": False,
    1462        "partition": False,
    1463    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'is_database': False, 'exists': False, 'only': False, 'cluster': False, 'identity': False, 'option': False, 'partition': False}
key = 'truncatetable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Clone(Expression): View Source

    1469class Clone(Expression):
    1470    arg_types = {"this": True, "shallow": False, "copy": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'shallow': False, 'copy': False}
key = 'clone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  asc
  desc

class Describe(Expression): View Source

    1473class Describe(Expression):
    1474    arg_types = {
    1475        "this": True,
    1476        "style": False,
    1477        "kind": False,
    1478        "expressions": False,
    1479        "partition": False,
    1480        "format": False,
    1481    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'style': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False, 'partition': False, 'format': False}
key = 'describe'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Attach(Expression): View Source

    1485class Attach(Expression):
    1486    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'exists': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'attach'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Detach(Expression): View Source

    1490class Detach(Expression):
    1491    arg_types = {"this": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'detach'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  asc
  desc

class Summarize(Expression): View Source

    1495class Summarize(Expression):
    1496    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'table': False}
key = 'summarize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Kill(Expression): View Source

    1499class Kill(Expression):
    1500    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'kill'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class Pragma(Expression): View Source

    1503class Pragma(Expression):
    1504    pass

key = 'pragma'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  desc

class Declare(Expression): View Source

    1507class Declare(Expression):
    1508    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'declare'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class DeclareItem(Expression): View Source

    1511class DeclareItem(Expression):
    1512    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'default': False}
key = 'declareitem'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
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  ilike
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class Set(Expression): View Source

    1515class Set(Expression):
    1516    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "unset": False, "tag": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'unset': False, 'tag': False}
key = 'set'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Heredoc(Expression): View Source

    1519class Heredoc(Expression):
    1520    arg_types = {"this": True, "tag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'tag': False}
key = 'heredoc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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class SetItem(Expression): View Source

    1523class SetItem(Expression):
    1524    arg_types = {
    1525        "this": False,
    1526        "expressions": False,
    1527        "kind": False,
    1528        "collate": False,  # MySQL SET NAMES statement
    1529        "global": False,
    1530    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'kind': False, 'collate': False, 'global': False}
key = 'setitem'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Show(Expression): View Source

    1533class Show(Expression):
    1534    arg_types = {
    1535        "this": True,
    1536        "history": False,
    1537        "terse": False,
    1538        "target": False,
    1539        "offset": False,
    1540        "starts_with": False,
    1541        "limit": False,
    1542        "from": False,
    1543        "like": False,
    1544        "where": False,
    1545        "db": False,
    1546        "scope": False,
    1547        "scope_kind": False,
    1548        "full": False,
    1549        "mutex": False,
    1550        "query": False,
    1551        "channel": False,
    1552        "global": False,
    1553        "log": False,
    1554        "position": False,
    1555        "types": False,
    1556    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'history': False, 'terse': False, 'target': False, 'offset': False, 'starts_with': False, 'limit': False, 'from': False, 'like': False, 'where': False, 'db': False, 'scope': False, 'scope_kind': False, 'full': False, 'mutex': False, 'query': False, 'channel': False, 'global': False, 'log': False, 'position': False, 'types': False}
key = 'show'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class UserDefinedFunction(Expression): View Source

    1559class UserDefinedFunction(Expression):
    1560    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "wrapped": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'wrapped': False}
key = 'userdefinedfunction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class CharacterSet(Expression): View Source

    1563class CharacterSet(Expression):
    1564    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': False}
key = 'characterset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class With(Expression): View Source

    1567class With(Expression):
    1568    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "recursive": False}
    1569
    1570    @property
    1571    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1572        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'recursive': False}
recursive: bool View Source

    1570    @property
    1571    def recursive(self) -> bool:
    1572        return bool(self.args.get("recursive"))

key = 'with'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class WithinGroup(Expression): View Source

    1575class WithinGroup(Expression):
    1576    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'withingroup'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class CTE(DerivedTable): View Source

    1581class CTE(DerivedTable):
    1582    arg_types = {
    1583        "this": True,
    1584        "alias": True,
    1585        "scalar": False,
    1586        "materialized": False,
    1587    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': True, 'scalar': False, 'materialized': False}
key = 'cte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  asc
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DerivedTable
  selects
  named_selects

class ProjectionDef(Expression): View Source

    1590class ProjectionDef(Expression):
    1591    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'projectiondef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class TableAlias(Expression): View Source

    1594class TableAlias(Expression):
    1595    arg_types = {"this": False, "columns": False}
    1596
    1597    @property
    1598    def columns(self):
    1599        return self.args.get("columns") or []

arg_types = {'this': False, 'columns': False}
columns View Source

    1597    @property
    1598    def columns(self):
    1599        return self.args.get("columns") or []

key = 'tablealias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class BitString(Condition): View Source

    1602class BitString(Condition):
    1603    pass

key = 'bitstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  asc
  desc

class HexString(Condition): View Source

    1606class HexString(Condition):
    1607    pass

key = 'hexstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  asc
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class ByteString(Condition): View Source

    1610class ByteString(Condition):
    1611    pass

key = 'bytestring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  asc
  desc

class RawString(Condition): View Source

    1614class RawString(Condition):
    1615    pass

key = 'rawstring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class UnicodeString(Condition): View Source

    1618class UnicodeString(Condition):
    1619    arg_types = {"this": True, "escape": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'escape': False}
key = 'unicodestring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Column(Condition): View Source

    1622class Column(Condition):
    1623    arg_types = {"this": True, "table": False, "db": False, "catalog": False, "join_mark": False}
    1624
    1625    @property
    1626    def table(self) -> str:
    1627        return self.text("table")
    1628
    1629    @property
    1630    def db(self) -> str:
    1631        return self.text("db")
    1632
    1633    @property
    1634    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1635        return self.text("catalog")
    1636
    1637    @property
    1638    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1639        return self.name
    1640
    1641    @property
    1642    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1643        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1644        return [
    1645            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1646            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1647            if self.args.get(part)
    1648        ]
    1649
    1650    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1651        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1652        parts = self.parts
    1653        parent = self.parent
    1654
    1655        while parent:
    1656            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1657                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1658            parent = parent.parent
    1659
    1660        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'table': False, 'db': False, 'catalog': False, 'join_mark': False}
table: str View Source

    1625    @property
    1626    def table(self) -> str:
    1627        return self.text("table")

db: str View Source

    1629    @property
    1630    def db(self) -> str:
    1631        return self.text("db")

catalog: str View Source

    1633    @property
    1634    def catalog(self) -> str:
    1635        return self.text("catalog")

output_name: str View Source

    1637    @property
    1638    def output_name(self) -> str:
    1639        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

parts: List[Identifier] View Source

    1641    @property
    1642    def parts(self) -> t.List[Identifier]:
    1643        """Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name."""
    1644        return [
    1645            t.cast(Identifier, self.args[part])
    1646            for part in ("catalog", "db", "table", "this")
    1647            if self.args.get(part)
    1648        ]

Return the parts of a column in order catalog, db, table, name.

def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier: View Source

    1650    def to_dot(self) -> Dot | Identifier:
    1651        """Converts the column into a dot expression."""
    1652        parts = self.parts
    1653        parent = self.parent
    1654
    1655        while parent:
    1656            if isinstance(parent, Dot):
    1657                parts.append(parent.expression)
    1658            parent = parent.parent
    1659
    1660        return Dot.build(deepcopy(parts)) if len(parts) > 1 else parts[0]

Converts the column into a dot expression.

key = 'column'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ColumnPosition(Expression): View Source

    1663class ColumnPosition(Expression):
    1664    arg_types = {"this": False, "position": True}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'position': True}
key = 'columnposition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    1667class ColumnDef(Expression):
    1668    arg_types = {
    1669        "this": True,
    1670        "kind": False,
    1671        "constraints": False,
    1672        "exists": False,
    1673        "position": False,
    1674    }
    1675
    1676    @property
    1677    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1678        return self.args.get("constraints") or []
    1679
    1680    @property
    1681    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1682        return self.args.get("kind")

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False, 'constraints': False, 'exists': False, 'position': False}
constraints: List[ColumnConstraint] View Source

    1676    @property
    1677    def constraints(self) -> t.List[ColumnConstraint]:
    1678        return self.args.get("constraints") or []

kind: Optional[DataType] View Source

    1680    @property
    1681    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[DataType]:
    1682        return self.args.get("kind")

key = 'columndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterColumn(Expression): View Source

    1685class AlterColumn(Expression):
    1686    arg_types = {
    1687        "this": True,
    1688        "dtype": False,
    1689        "collate": False,
    1690        "using": False,
    1691        "default": False,
    1692        "drop": False,
    1693        "comment": False,
    1694        "allow_null": False,
    1695    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'dtype': False, 'collate': False, 'using': False, 'default': False, 'drop': False, 'comment': False, 'allow_null': False}
key = 'altercolumn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterDistStyle(Expression): View Source

    1699class AlterDistStyle(Expression):
    1700    pass

key = 'alterdiststyle'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterSortKey(Expression): View Source

    1703class AlterSortKey(Expression):
    1704    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "compound": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'compound': False}
key = 'altersortkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterSet(Expression): View Source

    1707class AlterSet(Expression):
    1708    arg_types = {
    1709        "expressions": False,
    1710        "option": False,
    1711        "tablespace": False,
    1712        "access_method": False,
    1713        "file_format": False,
    1714        "copy_options": False,
    1715        "tag": False,
    1716        "location": False,
    1717        "serde": False,
    1718    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'option': False, 'tablespace': False, 'access_method': False, 'file_format': False, 'copy_options': False, 'tag': False, 'location': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'alterset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RenameColumn(Expression): View Source

    1721class RenameColumn(Expression):
    1722    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'renamecolumn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AlterRename(Expression): View Source

    1725class AlterRename(Expression):
    1726    pass

key = 'alterrename'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SwapTable(Expression): View Source

    1729class SwapTable(Expression):
    1730    pass

key = 'swaptable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Comment(Expression): View Source

    1733class Comment(Expression):
    1734    arg_types = {
    1735        "this": True,
    1736        "kind": True,
    1737        "expression": True,
    1738        "exists": False,
    1739        "materialized": False,
    1740    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': True, 'exists': False, 'materialized': False}
key = 'comment'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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class Comprehension(Expression): View Source

    1743class Comprehension(Expression):
    1744    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "iterator": True, "condition": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'iterator': True, 'condition': False}
key = 'comprehension'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression): View Source

    1748class MergeTreeTTLAction(Expression):
    1749    arg_types = {
    1750        "this": True,
    1751        "delete": False,
    1752        "recompress": False,
    1753        "to_disk": False,
    1754        "to_volume": False,
    1755    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'delete': False, 'recompress': False, 'to_disk': False, 'to_volume': False}
key = 'mergetreettlaction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MergeTreeTTL(Expression): View Source

    1759class MergeTreeTTL(Expression):
    1760    arg_types = {
    1761        "expressions": True,
    1762        "where": False,
    1763        "group": False,
    1764        "aggregates": False,
    1765    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'aggregates': False}
key = 'mergetreettl'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IndexConstraintOption(Expression): View Source

    1769class IndexConstraintOption(Expression):
    1770    arg_types = {
    1771        "key_block_size": False,
    1772        "using": False,
    1773        "parser": False,
    1774        "comment": False,
    1775        "visible": False,
    1776        "engine_attr": False,
    1777        "secondary_engine_attr": False,
    1778    }

arg_types = {'key_block_size': False, 'using': False, 'parser': False, 'comment': False, 'visible': False, 'engine_attr': False, 'secondary_engine_attr': False}
key = 'indexconstraintoption'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ColumnConstraint(Expression): View Source

    1781class ColumnConstraint(Expression):
    1782    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": True}
    1783
    1784    @property
    1785    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1786        return self.args["kind"]

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': True}
kind: ColumnConstraintKind View Source

    1784    @property
    1785    def kind(self) -> ColumnConstraintKind:
    1786        return self.args["kind"]

key = 'columnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  is_star
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  name
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class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression): View Source

    1789class ColumnConstraintKind(Expression):
    1790    pass

key = 'columnconstraintkind'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
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class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1793class AutoIncrementColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1794    pass

key = 'autoincrementcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1797class PeriodForSystemTimeConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1798    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'periodforsystemtimeconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
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class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1801class CaseSpecificColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1802    arg_types = {"not_": True}

arg_types = {'not_': True}
key = 'casespecificcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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  walk
  dfs
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class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1805class CharacterSetColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1806    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'charactersetcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
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  walk
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class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1809class CheckColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1810    arg_types = {"this": True, "enforced": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'enforced': False}
key = 'checkcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  root
  walk
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  unnest
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class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1813class ClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1814    pass

key = 'clusteredcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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  walk
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  unnest
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class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1817class CollateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1818    pass

key = 'collatecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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  walk
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class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1821class CommentColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1822    pass

key = 'commentcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
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class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1825class CompressColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1826    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'compresscolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
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class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1829class DateFormatColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1830    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'dateformatcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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  walk
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class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1833class DefaultColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1834    pass

key = 'defaultcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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  unnest
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class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1837class EncodeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1838    pass

key = 'encodecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  unnest
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class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1842class ExcludeColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1843    pass

key = 'excludecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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  unnest
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class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1846class EphemeralColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1847    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'ephemeralcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  root
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  unnest
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class WithOperator(Expression): View Source

    1850class WithOperator(Expression):
    1851    arg_types = {"this": True, "op": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'op': True}
key = 'withoperator'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
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  find
  find_all
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class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1854class GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1855    # this: True -> ALWAYS, this: False -> BY DEFAULT
    1856    arg_types = {
    1857        "this": False,
    1858        "expression": False,
    1859        "on_null": False,
    1860        "start": False,
    1861        "increment": False,
    1862        "minvalue": False,
    1863        "maxvalue": False,
    1864        "cycle": False,
    1865    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'on_null': False, 'start': False, 'increment': False, 'minvalue': False, 'maxvalue': False, 'cycle': False}
key = 'generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1868class GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1869    arg_types = {"start": False, "hidden": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'hidden': False}
key = 'generatedasrowcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1874class IndexColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1875    arg_types = {
    1876        "this": False,
    1877        "expressions": False,
    1878        "kind": False,
    1879        "index_type": False,
    1880        "options": False,
    1881        "expression": False,  # Clickhouse
    1882        "granularity": False,
    1883    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'kind': False, 'index_type': False, 'options': False, 'expression': False, 'granularity': False}
key = 'indexcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
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class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1886class InlineLengthColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1887    pass

key = 'inlinelengthcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  name
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  type
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class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1890class NonClusteredColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1891    pass

key = 'nonclusteredcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  name
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  output_name
  type
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  depth
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class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1894class NotForReplicationColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1895    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'notforreplicationcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
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  set
  depth
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  find
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class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1899class MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1900    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'maskingpolicycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
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  set
  depth
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class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1903class NotNullColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1904    arg_types = {"allow_null": False}

arg_types = {'allow_null': False}
key = 'notnullcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
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  depth
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class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1908class OnUpdateColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1909    pass

key = 'onupdatecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
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class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1913class TransformColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1914    pass

key = 'transformcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1917class PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1918    arg_types = {"desc": False}

arg_types = {'desc': False}
key = 'primarykeycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
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  set
  depth
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class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1921class TitleColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1922    pass

key = 'titlecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
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class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1925class UniqueColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1926    arg_types = {"this": False, "index_type": False, "on_conflict": False, "nulls": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'index_type': False, 'on_conflict': False, 'nulls': False}
key = 'uniquecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
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  copy
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  set
  depth
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class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1929class UppercaseColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1930    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}

arg_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
key = 'uppercasecolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
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class WatermarkColumnConstraint(Expression): View Source

    1934class WatermarkColumnConstraint(Expression):
    1935    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'watermarkcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
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  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
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class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1938class PathColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1939    pass

key = 'pathcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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  bfs
  unnest
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class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1943class ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1944    pass

key = 'projectionpolicycolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind): View Source

    1949class ComputedColumnConstraint(ColumnConstraintKind):
    1950    arg_types = {"this": True, "persisted": False, "not_null": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'persisted': False, 'not_null': False}
key = 'computedcolumnconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class Constraint(Expression): View Source

    1953class Constraint(Expression):
    1954    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'constraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class Delete(DML): View Source

    1957class Delete(DML):
    1958    arg_types = {
    1959        "with": False,
    1960        "this": False,
    1961        "using": False,
    1962        "where": False,
    1963        "returning": False,
    1964        "limit": False,
    1965        "tables": False,  # Multiple-Table Syntax (MySQL)
    1966        "cluster": False,  # Clickhouse
    1967    }
    1968
    1969    def delete(
    1970        self,
    1971        table: ExpOrStr,
    1972        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1973        copy: bool = True,
    1974        **opts,
    1975    ) -> Delete:
    1976        """
    1977        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1978
    1979        Example:
    1980            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1981            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1982
    1983        Args:
    1984            table: the table from which to delete.
    1985            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1986            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1987            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1988
    1989        Returns:
    1990            Delete: the modified expression.
    1991        """
    1992        return _apply_builder(
    1993            expression=table,
    1994            instance=self,
    1995            arg="this",
    1996            dialect=dialect,
    1997            into=Table,
    1998            copy=copy,
    1999            **opts,
    2000        )
    2001
    2002    def where(
    2003        self,
    2004        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2005        append: bool = True,
    2006        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2007        copy: bool = True,
    2008        **opts,
    2009    ) -> Delete:
    2010        """
    2011        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    2012
    2013        Example:
    2014            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    2015            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    2016
    2017        Args:
    2018            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2019                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2020                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2021            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2022                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2023            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2024            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2025            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2026
    2027        Returns:
    2028            Delete: the modified expression.
    2029        """
    2030        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2031            *expressions,
    2032            instance=self,
    2033            arg="where",
    2034            append=append,
    2035            into=Where,
    2036            dialect=dialect,
    2037            copy=copy,
    2038            **opts,
    2039        )

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': False, 'using': False, 'where': False, 'returning': False, 'limit': False, 'tables': False, 'cluster': False}
def delete( self, table: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    1969    def delete(
    1970        self,
    1971        table: ExpOrStr,
    1972        dialect: DialectType = None,
    1973        copy: bool = True,
    1974        **opts,
    1975    ) -> Delete:
    1976        """
    1977        Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.
    1978
    1979        Example:
    1980            >>> delete("tbl").sql()
    1981            'DELETE FROM tbl'
    1982
    1983        Args:
    1984            table: the table from which to delete.
    1985            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    1986            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    1987            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    1988
    1989        Returns:
    1990            Delete: the modified expression.
    1991        """
    1992        return _apply_builder(
    1993            expression=table,
    1994            instance=self,
    1995            arg="this",
    1996            dialect=dialect,
    1997            into=Table,
    1998            copy=copy,
    1999            **opts,
    2000        )

Create a DELETE expression or replace the table on an existing DELETE expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- table: the table from which to delete.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

def where( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    2002    def where(
    2003        self,
    2004        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2005        append: bool = True,
    2006        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2007        copy: bool = True,
    2008        **opts,
    2009    ) -> Delete:
    2010        """
    2011        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    2012
    2013        Example:
    2014            >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    2015            "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    2016
    2017        Args:
    2018            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2019                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2020                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2021            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2022                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2023            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2024            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2025            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2026
    2027        Returns:
    2028            Delete: the modified expression.
    2029        """
    2030        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2031            *expressions,
    2032            instance=self,
    2033            arg="where",
    2034            append=append,
    2035            into=Where,
    2036            dialect=dialect,
    2037            copy=copy,
    2038            **opts,
    2039        )

Append to or set the WHERE expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
>     "DELETE FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the modified expression.

key = 'delete'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DML
  returning

class Drop(Expression): View Source

    2042class Drop(Expression):
    2043    arg_types = {
    2044        "this": False,
    2045        "kind": False,
    2046        "expressions": False,
    2047        "exists": False,
    2048        "temporary": False,
    2049        "materialized": False,
    2050        "cascade": False,
    2051        "constraints": False,
    2052        "purge": False,
    2053        "cluster": False,
    2054        "concurrently": False,
    2055    }
    2056
    2057    @property
    2058    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    2059        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    2060        return kind and kind.upper()

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False, 'exists': False, 'temporary': False, 'materialized': False, 'cascade': False, 'constraints': False, 'purge': False, 'cluster': False, 'concurrently': False}
kind: Optional[str] View Source

    2057    @property
    2058    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    2059        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    2060        return kind and kind.upper()

key = 'drop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Filter(Expression): View Source

    2063class Filter(Expression):
    2064    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'filter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Check(Expression): View Source

    2067class Check(Expression):
    2068    pass

key = 'check'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Changes(Expression): View Source

    2071class Changes(Expression):
    2072    arg_types = {"information": True, "at_before": False, "end": False}

arg_types = {'information': True, 'at_before': False, 'end': False}
key = 'changes'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Connect(Expression): View Source

    2076class Connect(Expression):
    2077    arg_types = {"start": False, "connect": True, "nocycle": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'connect': True, 'nocycle': False}
key = 'connect'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class CopyParameter(Expression): View Source

    2080class CopyParameter(Expression):
    2081    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'copyparameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class Copy(DML): View Source

    2084class Copy(DML):
    2085    arg_types = {
    2086        "this": True,
    2087        "kind": True,
    2088        "files": True,
    2089        "credentials": False,
    2090        "format": False,
    2091        "params": False,
    2092    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'files': True, 'credentials': False, 'format': False, 'params': False}
key = 'copy'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DML
  returning

class Credentials(Expression): View Source

    2095class Credentials(Expression):
    2096    arg_types = {
    2097        "credentials": False,
    2098        "encryption": False,
    2099        "storage": False,
    2100        "iam_role": False,
    2101        "region": False,
    2102    }

arg_types = {'credentials': False, 'encryption': False, 'storage': False, 'iam_role': False, 'region': False}
key = 'credentials'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Prior(Expression): View Source

    2105class Prior(Expression):
    2106    pass

key = 'prior'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Directory(Expression): View Source

    2109class Directory(Expression):
    2110    # https://spark.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-preview/sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory-hive.html
    2111    arg_types = {"this": True, "local": False, "row_format": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'local': False, 'row_format': False}
key = 'directory'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class ForeignKey(Expression): View Source

    2114class ForeignKey(Expression):
    2115    arg_types = {
    2116        "expressions": True,
    2117        "reference": False,
    2118        "delete": False,
    2119        "update": False,
    2120    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'reference': False, 'delete': False, 'update': False}
key = 'foreignkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class ColumnPrefix(Expression): View Source

    2123class ColumnPrefix(Expression):
    2124    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'columnprefix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class PrimaryKey(Expression): View Source

    2127class PrimaryKey(Expression):
    2128    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "options": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'options': False}
key = 'primarykey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class Into(Expression): View Source

    2133class Into(Expression):
    2134    arg_types = {
    2135        "this": False,
    2136        "temporary": False,
    2137        "unlogged": False,
    2138        "bulk_collect": False,
    2139        "expressions": False,
    2140    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'temporary': False, 'unlogged': False, 'bulk_collect': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'into'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class From(Expression): View Source

    2143class From(Expression):
    2144    @property
    2145    def name(self) -> str:
    2146        return self.this.name
    2147
    2148    @property
    2149    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2150        return self.this.alias_or_name

name: str View Source

    2144    @property
    2145    def name(self) -> str:
    2146        return self.this.name

alias_or_name: str View Source

    2148    @property
    2149    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2150        return self.this.alias_or_name

key = 'from'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class Having(Expression): View Source

    2153class Having(Expression):
    2154    pass

key = 'having'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Hint(Expression): View Source

    2157class Hint(Expression):
    2158    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'hint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
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class JoinHint(Expression): View Source

    2161class JoinHint(Expression):
    2162    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'joinhint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  desc

class Identifier(Expression): View Source

    2165class Identifier(Expression):
    2166    arg_types = {"this": True, "quoted": False, "global": False, "temporary": False}
    2167
    2168    @property
    2169    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2170        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))
    2171
    2172    @property
    2173    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2174        return (self.this, self.quoted)
    2175
    2176    @property
    2177    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2178        return self.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quoted': False, 'global': False, 'temporary': False}
quoted: bool View Source

    2168    @property
    2169    def quoted(self) -> bool:
    2170        return bool(self.args.get("quoted"))

hashable_args: Any View Source

    2172    @property
    2173    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2174        return (self.this, self.quoted)

output_name: str View Source

    2176    @property
    2177    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2178        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'identifier'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  asc
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class Opclass(Expression): View Source

    2182class Opclass(Expression):
    2183    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'opclass'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
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  desc

class Index(Expression): View Source

    2186class Index(Expression):
    2187    arg_types = {
    2188        "this": False,
    2189        "table": False,
    2190        "unique": False,
    2191        "primary": False,
    2192        "amp": False,  # teradata
    2193        "params": False,
    2194    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'table': False, 'unique': False, 'primary': False, 'amp': False, 'params': False}
key = 'index'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class IndexParameters(Expression): View Source

    2197class IndexParameters(Expression):
    2198    arg_types = {
    2199        "using": False,
    2200        "include": False,
    2201        "columns": False,
    2202        "with_storage": False,
    2203        "partition_by": False,
    2204        "tablespace": False,
    2205        "where": False,
    2206        "on": False,
    2207    }

arg_types = {'using': False, 'include': False, 'columns': False, 'with_storage': False, 'partition_by': False, 'tablespace': False, 'where': False, 'on': False}
key = 'indexparameters'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  desc

class Insert(DDL, DML): View Source

    2210class Insert(DDL, DML):
    2211    arg_types = {
    2212        "hint": False,
    2213        "with": False,
    2214        "is_function": False,
    2215        "this": False,
    2216        "expression": False,
    2217        "conflict": False,
    2218        "returning": False,
    2219        "overwrite": False,
    2220        "exists": False,
    2221        "alternative": False,
    2222        "where": False,
    2223        "ignore": False,
    2224        "by_name": False,
    2225        "stored": False,
    2226        "partition": False,
    2227        "settings": False,
    2228        "source": False,
    2229    }
    2230
    2231    def with_(
    2232        self,
    2233        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2234        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2235        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2236        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2237        append: bool = True,
    2238        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2239        copy: bool = True,
    2240        **opts,
    2241    ) -> Insert:
    2242        """
    2243        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2244
    2245        Example:
    2246            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2247            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2248
    2249        Args:
    2250            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2251                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2252            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2253                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2254            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2255            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    2256            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2257                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2258            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2259            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2260            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2261
    2262        Returns:
    2263            The modified expression.
    2264        """
    2265        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2266            self,
    2267            alias,
    2268            as_,
    2269            recursive=recursive,
    2270            materialized=materialized,
    2271            append=append,
    2272            dialect=dialect,
    2273            copy=copy,
    2274            **opts,
    2275        )

arg_types = {'hint': False, 'with': False, 'is_function': False, 'this': False, 'expression': False, 'conflict': False, 'returning': False, 'overwrite': False, 'exists': False, 'alternative': False, 'where': False, 'ignore': False, 'by_name': False, 'stored': False, 'partition': False, 'settings': False, 'source': False}
def with_( self, alias: Union[str, Expression], as_: Union[str, Expression], recursive: Optional[bool] = None, materialized: Optional[bool] = None, append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Insert: View Source

    2231    def with_(
    2232        self,
    2233        alias: ExpOrStr,
    2234        as_: ExpOrStr,
    2235        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2236        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    2237        append: bool = True,
    2238        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2239        copy: bool = True,
    2240        **opts,
    2241    ) -> Insert:
    2242        """
    2243        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    2244
    2245        Example:
    2246            >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
    2247            'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'
    2248
    2249        Args:
    2250            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    2251                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    2252            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    2253                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2254            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    2255            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    2256            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    2257                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    2258            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    2259            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2260            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2261
    2262        Returns:
    2263            The modified expression.
    2264        """
    2265        return _apply_cte_builder(
    2266            self,
    2267            alias,
    2268            as_,
    2269            recursive=recursive,
    2270            materialized=materialized,
    2271            append=append,
    2272            dialect=dialect,
    2273            copy=copy,
    2274            **opts,
    2275        )

Append to or set the common table expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> insert("SELECT x FROM cte", "t").with_("cte", as_="SELECT * FROM tbl").sql()
>     'WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM tbl) INSERT INTO t SELECT x FROM cte'

###### Arguments:

- alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
- materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

key = 'insert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DDL
  ctes
  selects
  named_selects
DML
  returning

class ConditionalInsert(Expression): View Source

    2278class ConditionalInsert(Expression):
    2279    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "else_": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'else_': False}
key = 'conditionalinsert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class MultitableInserts(Expression): View Source

    2282class MultitableInserts(Expression):
    2283    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "kind": True, "source": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'kind': True, 'source': True}
key = 'multitableinserts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class OnConflict(Expression): View Source

    2286class OnConflict(Expression):
    2287    arg_types = {
    2288        "duplicate": False,
    2289        "expressions": False,
    2290        "action": False,
    2291        "conflict_keys": False,
    2292        "constraint": False,
    2293    }

arg_types = {'duplicate': False, 'expressions': False, 'action': False, 'conflict_keys': False, 'constraint': False}
key = 'onconflict'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class OnCondition(Expression): View Source

    2296class OnCondition(Expression):
    2297    arg_types = {"error": False, "empty": False, "null": False}

arg_types = {'error': False, 'empty': False, 'null': False}
key = 'oncondition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Returning(Expression): View Source

    2300class Returning(Expression):
    2301    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "into": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'into': False}
key = 'returning'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class Introducer(Expression): View Source

    2305class Introducer(Expression):
    2306    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'introducer'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
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class National(Expression): View Source

    2310class National(Expression):
    2311    pass

key = 'national'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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class LoadData(Expression): View Source

    2314class LoadData(Expression):
    2315    arg_types = {
    2316        "this": True,
    2317        "local": False,
    2318        "overwrite": False,
    2319        "inpath": True,
    2320        "partition": False,
    2321        "input_format": False,
    2322        "serde": False,
    2323    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'local': False, 'overwrite': False, 'inpath': True, 'partition': False, 'input_format': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'loaddata'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
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  desc

class Partition(Expression): View Source

    2326class Partition(Expression):
    2327    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'partition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class PartitionRange(Expression): View Source

    2330class PartitionRange(Expression):
    2331    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'partitionrange'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PartitionId(Expression): View Source

    2335class PartitionId(Expression):
    2336    pass

key = 'partitionid'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  rlike
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class Fetch(Expression): View Source

    2339class Fetch(Expression):
    2340    arg_types = {
    2341        "direction": False,
    2342        "count": False,
    2343        "percent": False,
    2344        "with_ties": False,
    2345    }

arg_types = {'direction': False, 'count': False, 'percent': False, 'with_ties': False}
key = 'fetch'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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class Grant(Expression): View Source

    2348class Grant(Expression):
    2349    arg_types = {
    2350        "privileges": True,
    2351        "kind": False,
    2352        "securable": True,
    2353        "principals": True,
    2354        "grant_option": False,
    2355    }

arg_types = {'privileges': True, 'kind': False, 'securable': True, 'principals': True, 'grant_option': False}
key = 'grant'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  isin
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class Group(Expression): View Source

    2358class Group(Expression):
    2359    arg_types = {
    2360        "expressions": False,
    2361        "grouping_sets": False,
    2362        "cube": False,
    2363        "rollup": False,
    2364        "totals": False,
    2365        "all": False,
    2366    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'grouping_sets': False, 'cube': False, 'rollup': False, 'totals': False, 'all': False}
key = 'group'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Cube(Expression): View Source

    2369class Cube(Expression):
    2370    arg_types = {"expressions": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
key = 'cube'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  asc
  desc

class Rollup(Expression): View Source

    2373class Rollup(Expression):
    2374    arg_types = {"expressions": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
key = 'rollup'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  asc
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class GroupingSets(Expression): View Source

    2377class GroupingSets(Expression):
    2378    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'groupingsets'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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class Lambda(Expression): View Source

    2381class Lambda(Expression):
    2382    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
key = 'lambda'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
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  desc

class Limit(Expression): View Source

    2385class Limit(Expression):
    2386    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "offset": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': True, 'offset': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'limit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class Literal(Condition): View Source

    2389class Literal(Condition):
    2390    arg_types = {"this": True, "is_string": True}
    2391
    2392    @property
    2393    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2394        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))
    2395
    2396    @classmethod
    2397    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2398        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)
    2399
    2400    @classmethod
    2401    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2402        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)
    2403
    2404    @property
    2405    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2406        return self.name
    2407
    2408    def to_py(self) -> int | str | Decimal:
    2409        if self.is_number:
    2410            try:
    2411                return int(self.this)
    2412            except ValueError:
    2413                return Decimal(self.this)
    2414        return self.this

arg_types = {'this': True, 'is_string': True}
hashable_args: Any View Source

    2392    @property
    2393    def hashable_args(self) -> t.Any:
    2394        return (self.this, self.args.get("is_string"))

@classmethod
def number(cls, number) -> Literal: View Source

    2396    @classmethod
    2397    def number(cls, number) -> Literal:
    2398        return cls(this=str(number), is_string=False)

@classmethod
def string(cls, string) -> Literal: View Source

    2400    @classmethod
    2401    def string(cls, string) -> Literal:
    2402        return cls(this=str(string), is_string=True)

output_name: str View Source

    2404    @property
    2405    def output_name(self) -> str:
    2406        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

def to_py(self) -> int | str | decimal.Decimal: View Source

    2408    def to_py(self) -> int | str | Decimal:
    2409        if self.is_number:
    2410            try:
    2411                return int(self.this)
    2412            except ValueError:
    2413                return Decimal(self.this)
    2414        return self.this

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

key = 'literal'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Join(Expression): View Source

    2417class Join(Expression):
    2418    arg_types = {
    2419        "this": True,
    2420        "on": False,
    2421        "side": False,
    2422        "kind": False,
    2423        "using": False,
    2424        "method": False,
    2425        "global": False,
    2426        "hint": False,
    2427        "match_condition": False,  # Snowflake
    2428        "expressions": False,
    2429    }
    2430
    2431    @property
    2432    def method(self) -> str:
    2433        return self.text("method").upper()
    2434
    2435    @property
    2436    def kind(self) -> str:
    2437        return self.text("kind").upper()
    2438
    2439    @property
    2440    def side(self) -> str:
    2441        return self.text("side").upper()
    2442
    2443    @property
    2444    def hint(self) -> str:
    2445        return self.text("hint").upper()
    2446
    2447    @property
    2448    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2449        return self.this.alias_or_name
    2450
    2451    def on(
    2452        self,
    2453        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2454        append: bool = True,
    2455        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2456        copy: bool = True,
    2457        **opts,
    2458    ) -> Join:
    2459        """
    2460        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2461
    2462        Example:
    2463            >>> import sqlglot
    2464            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2465            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2466
    2467        Args:
    2468            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2469                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2470                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2471            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2472                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2473            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2474            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2475            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2476
    2477        Returns:
    2478            The modified Join expression.
    2479        """
    2480        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2481            *expressions,
    2482            instance=self,
    2483            arg="on",
    2484            append=append,
    2485            dialect=dialect,
    2486            copy=copy,
    2487            **opts,
    2488        )
    2489
    2490        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2491            join.set("kind", None)
    2492
    2493        return join
    2494
    2495    def using(
    2496        self,
    2497        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2498        append: bool = True,
    2499        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2500        copy: bool = True,
    2501        **opts,
    2502    ) -> Join:
    2503        """
    2504        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2505
    2506        Example:
    2507            >>> import sqlglot
    2508            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2509            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2510
    2511        Args:
    2512            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2513                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2514            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2515                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2516            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2517            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2518            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2519
    2520        Returns:
    2521            The modified Join expression.
    2522        """
    2523        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2524            *expressions,
    2525            instance=self,
    2526            arg="using",
    2527            append=append,
    2528            dialect=dialect,
    2529            copy=copy,
    2530            **opts,
    2531        )
    2532
    2533        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2534            join.set("kind", None)
    2535
    2536        return join

arg_types = {'this': True, 'on': False, 'side': False, 'kind': False, 'using': False, 'method': False, 'global': False, 'hint': False, 'match_condition': False, 'expressions': False}
method: str View Source

    2431    @property
    2432    def method(self) -> str:
    2433        return self.text("method").upper()

kind: str View Source

    2435    @property
    2436    def kind(self) -> str:
    2437        return self.text("kind").upper()

side: str View Source

    2439    @property
    2440    def side(self) -> str:
    2441        return self.text("side").upper()

hint: str View Source

    2443    @property
    2444    def hint(self) -> str:
    2445        return self.text("hint").upper()

alias_or_name: str View Source

    2447    @property
    2448    def alias_or_name(self) -> str:
    2449        return self.this.alias_or_name

def on( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Join: View Source

    2451    def on(
    2452        self,
    2453        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2454        append: bool = True,
    2455        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2456        copy: bool = True,
    2457        **opts,
    2458    ) -> Join:
    2459        """
    2460        Append to or set the ON expressions.
    2461
    2462        Example:
    2463            >>> import sqlglot
    2464            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
    2465            'JOIN x ON y = 1'
    2466
    2467        Args:
    2468            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2469                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2470                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    2471            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    2472                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2473            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2474            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2475            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2476
    2477        Returns:
    2478            The modified Join expression.
    2479        """
    2480        join = _apply_conjunction_builder(
    2481            *expressions,
    2482            instance=self,
    2483            arg="on",
    2484            append=append,
    2485            dialect=dialect,
    2486            copy=copy,
    2487            **opts,
    2488        )
    2489
    2490        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2491            join.set("kind", None)
    2492
    2493        return join

Append to or set the ON expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).on("y = 1").sql()
>     'JOIN x ON y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Join expression.

def using( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Join: View Source

    2495    def using(
    2496        self,
    2497        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    2498        append: bool = True,
    2499        dialect: DialectType = None,
    2500        copy: bool = True,
    2501        **opts,
    2502    ) -> Join:
    2503        """
    2504        Append to or set the USING expressions.
    2505
    2506        Example:
    2507            >>> import sqlglot
    2508            >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
    2509            'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'
    2510
    2511        Args:
    2512            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    2513                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    2514            append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list.
    2515                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    2516            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    2517            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    2518            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    2519
    2520        Returns:
    2521            The modified Join expression.
    2522        """
    2523        join = _apply_list_builder(
    2524            *expressions,
    2525            instance=self,
    2526            arg="using",
    2527            append=append,
    2528            dialect=dialect,
    2529            copy=copy,
    2530            **opts,
    2531        )
    2532
    2533        if join.kind == "CROSS":
    2534            join.set("kind", None)
    2535
    2536        return join

Append to or set the USING expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sqlglot.parse_one("JOIN x", into=Join).using("foo", "bla").sql()
>     'JOIN x USING (foo, bla)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, concatenate the new expressions to the existing "using" list. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Join expression.

key = 'join'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Lateral(UDTF): View Source

    2539class Lateral(UDTF):
    2540    arg_types = {
    2541        "this": True,
    2542        "view": False,
    2543        "outer": False,
    2544        "alias": False,
    2545        "cross_apply": False,  # True -> CROSS APPLY, False -> OUTER APPLY
    2546    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'view': False, 'outer': False, 'alias': False, 'cross_apply': False}
key = 'lateral'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression): View Source

    2549class MatchRecognizeMeasure(Expression):
    2550    arg_types = {
    2551        "this": True,
    2552        "window_frame": False,
    2553    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'window_frame': False}
key = 'matchrecognizemeasure'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class MatchRecognize(Expression): View Source

    2556class MatchRecognize(Expression):
    2557    arg_types = {
    2558        "partition_by": False,
    2559        "order": False,
    2560        "measures": False,
    2561        "rows": False,
    2562        "after": False,
    2563        "pattern": False,
    2564        "define": False,
    2565        "alias": False,
    2566    }

arg_types = {'partition_by': False, 'order': False, 'measures': False, 'rows': False, 'after': False, 'pattern': False, 'define': False, 'alias': False}
key = 'matchrecognize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Final(Expression): View Source

    2571class Final(Expression):
    2572    pass

key = 'final'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Offset(Expression): View Source

    2575class Offset(Expression):
    2576    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'offset'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Order(Expression): View Source

    2579class Order(Expression):
    2580    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": True, "siblings": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': True, 'siblings': False}
key = 'order'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WithFill(Expression): View Source

    2584class WithFill(Expression):
    2585    arg_types = {
    2586        "from": False,
    2587        "to": False,
    2588        "step": False,
    2589        "interpolate": False,
    2590    }

arg_types = {'from': False, 'to': False, 'step': False, 'interpolate': False}
key = 'withfill'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Cluster(Order): View Source

    2595class Cluster(Order):
    2596    pass

key = 'cluster'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Distribute(Order): View Source

    2599class Distribute(Order):
    2600    pass

key = 'distribute'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Sort(Order): View Source

    2603class Sort(Order):
    2604    pass

key = 'sort'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Order
  arg_types

class Ordered(Expression): View Source

    2607class Ordered(Expression):
    2608    arg_types = {"this": True, "desc": False, "nulls_first": True, "with_fill": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'desc': False, 'nulls_first': True, 'with_fill': False}
key = 'ordered'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Property(Expression): View Source

    2611class Property(Expression):
    2612    arg_types = {"this": True, "value": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'value': True}
key = 'property'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
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  unnest
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class GrantPrivilege(Expression): View Source

    2615class GrantPrivilege(Expression):
    2616    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'grantprivilege'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class GrantPrincipal(Expression): View Source

    2619class GrantPrincipal(Expression):
    2620    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'grantprincipal'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression): View Source

    2623class AllowedValuesProperty(Expression):
    2624    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'allowedvaluesproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class AlgorithmProperty(Property): View Source

    2627class AlgorithmProperty(Property):
    2628    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'algorithmproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class AutoIncrementProperty(Property): View Source

    2631class AutoIncrementProperty(Property):
    2632    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'autoincrementproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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  desc

class AutoRefreshProperty(Property): View Source

    2636class AutoRefreshProperty(Property):
    2637    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'autorefreshproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class BackupProperty(Property): View Source

    2640class BackupProperty(Property):
    2641    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'backupproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class BlockCompressionProperty(Property): View Source

    2644class BlockCompressionProperty(Property):
    2645    arg_types = {
    2646        "autotemp": False,
    2647        "always": False,
    2648        "default": False,
    2649        "manual": False,
    2650        "never": False,
    2651    }

arg_types = {'autotemp': False, 'always': False, 'default': False, 'manual': False, 'never': False}
key = 'blockcompressionproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class CharacterSetProperty(Property): View Source

    2654class CharacterSetProperty(Property):
    2655    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': True}
key = 'charactersetproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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class ChecksumProperty(Property): View Source

    2658class ChecksumProperty(Property):
    2659    arg_types = {"on": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'on': False, 'default': False}
key = 'checksumproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class CollateProperty(Property): View Source

    2662class CollateProperty(Property):
    2663    arg_types = {"this": True, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'default': False}
key = 'collateproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class CopyGrantsProperty(Property): View Source

    2666class CopyGrantsProperty(Property):
    2667    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'copygrantsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property): View Source

    2670class DataBlocksizeProperty(Property):
    2671    arg_types = {
    2672        "size": False,
    2673        "units": False,
    2674        "minimum": False,
    2675        "maximum": False,
    2676        "default": False,
    2677    }

arg_types = {'size': False, 'units': False, 'minimum': False, 'maximum': False, 'default': False}
key = 'datablocksizeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class DataDeletionProperty(Property): View Source

    2680class DataDeletionProperty(Property):
    2681    arg_types = {"on": True, "filter_col": False, "retention_period": False}

arg_types = {'on': True, 'filter_col': False, 'retention_period': False}
key = 'datadeletionproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class DefinerProperty(Property): View Source

    2684class DefinerProperty(Property):
    2685    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'definerproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class DistKeyProperty(Property): View Source

    2688class DistKeyProperty(Property):
    2689    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'distkeyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
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  pop
  assert_is
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class DistributedByProperty(Property): View Source

    2694class DistributedByProperty(Property):
    2695    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "kind": True, "buckets": False, "order": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'kind': True, 'buckets': False, 'order': False}
key = 'distributedbyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  desc

class DistStyleProperty(Property): View Source

    2698class DistStyleProperty(Property):
    2699    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'diststyleproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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class DuplicateKeyProperty(Property): View Source

    2702class DuplicateKeyProperty(Property):
    2703    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'duplicatekeyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class EngineProperty(Property): View Source

    2706class EngineProperty(Property):
    2707    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'engineproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class HeapProperty(Property): View Source

    2710class HeapProperty(Property):
    2711    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'heapproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class ToTableProperty(Property): View Source

    2714class ToTableProperty(Property):
    2715    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'totableproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class ExecuteAsProperty(Property): View Source

    2718class ExecuteAsProperty(Property):
    2719    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'executeasproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class ExternalProperty(Property): View Source

    2722class ExternalProperty(Property):
    2723    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'externalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class FallbackProperty(Property): View Source

    2726class FallbackProperty(Property):
    2727    arg_types = {"no": True, "protection": False}

arg_types = {'no': True, 'protection': False}
key = 'fallbackproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class FileFormatProperty(Property): View Source

    2730class FileFormatProperty(Property):
    2731    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'fileformatproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc

class FreespaceProperty(Property): View Source

    2734class FreespaceProperty(Property):
    2735    arg_types = {"this": True, "percent": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'percent': False}
key = 'freespaceproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  asc
  desc

class GlobalProperty(Property): View Source

    2738class GlobalProperty(Property):
    2739    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'globalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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  desc

class IcebergProperty(Property): View Source

    2742class IcebergProperty(Property):
    2743    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'icebergproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class InheritsProperty(Property): View Source

    2746class InheritsProperty(Property):
    2747    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'inheritsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class InputModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2750class InputModelProperty(Property):
    2751    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'inputmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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class OutputModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2754class OutputModelProperty(Property):
    2755    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'outputmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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  desc

class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property): View Source

    2758class IsolatedLoadingProperty(Property):
    2759    arg_types = {"no": False, "concurrent": False, "target": False}

arg_types = {'no': False, 'concurrent': False, 'target': False}
key = 'isolatedloadingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class JournalProperty(Property): View Source

    2762class JournalProperty(Property):
    2763    arg_types = {
    2764        "no": False,
    2765        "dual": False,
    2766        "before": False,
    2767        "local": False,
    2768        "after": False,
    2769    }

arg_types = {'no': False, 'dual': False, 'before': False, 'local': False, 'after': False}
key = 'journalproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
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  asc
  desc

class LanguageProperty(Property): View Source

    2772class LanguageProperty(Property):
    2773    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'languageproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class ClusteredByProperty(Property): View Source

    2777class ClusteredByProperty(Property):
    2778    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "sorted_by": False, "buckets": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'sorted_by': False, 'buckets': True}
key = 'clusteredbyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  desc

class DictProperty(Property): View Source

    2781class DictProperty(Property):
    2782    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "settings": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'settings': False}
key = 'dictproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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class DictSubProperty(Property): View Source

    2785class DictSubProperty(Property):
    2786    pass

key = 'dictsubproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  asc
  desc
Property
  arg_types

class DictRange(Property): View Source

    2789class DictRange(Property):
    2790    arg_types = {"this": True, "min": True, "max": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'min': True, 'max': True}
key = 'dictrange'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class DynamicProperty(Property): View Source

    2793class DynamicProperty(Property):
    2794    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'dynamicproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
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  walk
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class OnCluster(Property): View Source

    2799class OnCluster(Property):
    2800    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'oncluster'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  flatten
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class EmptyProperty(Property): View Source

    2804class EmptyProperty(Property):
    2805    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'emptyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class LikeProperty(Property): View Source

    2808class LikeProperty(Property):
    2809    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'likeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  flatten
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class LocationProperty(Property): View Source

    2812class LocationProperty(Property):
    2813    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'locationproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
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  unnest
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  flatten
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  transform
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class LockProperty(Property): View Source

    2816class LockProperty(Property):
    2817    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'lockproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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class LockingProperty(Property): View Source

    2820class LockingProperty(Property):
    2821    arg_types = {
    2822        "this": False,
    2823        "kind": True,
    2824        "for_or_in": False,
    2825        "lock_type": True,
    2826        "override": False,
    2827    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': True, 'for_or_in': False, 'lock_type': True, 'override': False}
key = 'lockingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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  unnest
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class LogProperty(Property): View Source

    2830class LogProperty(Property):
    2831    arg_types = {"no": True}

arg_types = {'no': True}
key = 'logproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
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  bfs
  unnest
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class MaterializedProperty(Property): View Source

    2834class MaterializedProperty(Property):
    2835    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'materializedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property): View Source

    2838class MergeBlockRatioProperty(Property):
    2839    arg_types = {"this": False, "no": False, "default": False, "percent": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'no': False, 'default': False, 'percent': False}
key = 'mergeblockratioproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
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class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property): View Source

    2842class NoPrimaryIndexProperty(Property):
    2843    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'noprimaryindexproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class OnProperty(Property): View Source

    2846class OnProperty(Property):
    2847    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'onproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class OnCommitProperty(Property): View Source

    2850class OnCommitProperty(Property):
    2851    arg_types = {"delete": False}

arg_types = {'delete': False}
key = 'oncommitproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class PartitionedByProperty(Property): View Source

    2854class PartitionedByProperty(Property):
    2855    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'partitionedbyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression): View Source

    2859class PartitionBoundSpec(Expression):
    2860    # this -> IN / MODULUS, expression -> REMAINDER, from_expressions -> FROM (...), to_expressions -> TO (...)
    2861    arg_types = {
    2862        "this": False,
    2863        "expression": False,
    2864        "from_expressions": False,
    2865        "to_expressions": False,
    2866    }

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'from_expressions': False, 'to_expressions': False}
key = 'partitionboundspec'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class PartitionedOfProperty(Property): View Source

    2869class PartitionedOfProperty(Property):
    2870    # this -> parent_table (schema), expression -> FOR VALUES ... / DEFAULT
    2871    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'partitionedofproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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  same_parent
  root
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class StreamingTableProperty(Property): View Source

    2874class StreamingTableProperty(Property):
    2875    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'streamingtableproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
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class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2878class RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty(Property):
    2879    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'remotewithconnectionmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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class ReturnsProperty(Property): View Source

    2882class ReturnsProperty(Property):
    2883    arg_types = {"this": False, "is_table": False, "table": False, "null": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'is_table': False, 'table': False, 'null': False}
key = 'returnsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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  desc

class StrictProperty(Property): View Source

    2886class StrictProperty(Property):
    2887    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'strictproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  transform
  replace
  pop
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class RowFormatProperty(Property): View Source

    2890class RowFormatProperty(Property):
    2891    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'rowformatproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
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  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property): View Source

    2894class RowFormatDelimitedProperty(Property):
    2895    # https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/hive/languagemanual+dml
    2896    arg_types = {
    2897        "fields": False,
    2898        "escaped": False,
    2899        "collection_items": False,
    2900        "map_keys": False,
    2901        "lines": False,
    2902        "null": False,
    2903        "serde": False,
    2904    }

arg_types = {'fields': False, 'escaped': False, 'collection_items': False, 'map_keys': False, 'lines': False, 'null': False, 'serde': False}
key = 'rowformatdelimitedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  desc

class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property): View Source

    2907class RowFormatSerdeProperty(Property):
    2908    arg_types = {"this": True, "serde_properties": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'serde_properties': False}
key = 'rowformatserdeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  isin
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class QueryTransform(Expression): View Source

    2912class QueryTransform(Expression):
    2913    arg_types = {
    2914        "expressions": True,
    2915        "command_script": True,
    2916        "schema": False,
    2917        "row_format_before": False,
    2918        "record_writer": False,
    2919        "row_format_after": False,
    2920        "record_reader": False,
    2921    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'command_script': True, 'schema': False, 'row_format_before': False, 'record_writer': False, 'row_format_after': False, 'record_reader': False}
key = 'querytransform'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class SampleProperty(Property): View Source

    2924class SampleProperty(Property):
    2925    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'sampleproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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  desc

class SecurityProperty(Property): View Source

    2929class SecurityProperty(Property):
    2930    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'securityproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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  desc

class SchemaCommentProperty(Property): View Source

    2933class SchemaCommentProperty(Property):
    2934    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'schemacommentproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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class SerdeProperties(Property): View Source

    2937class SerdeProperties(Property):
    2938    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "with": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'with': False}
key = 'serdeproperties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  transform
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  pop
  assert_is
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  desc

class SetProperty(Property): View Source

    2941class SetProperty(Property):
    2942    arg_types = {"multi": True}

arg_types = {'multi': True}
key = 'setproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
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  flatten
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  desc

class SharingProperty(Property): View Source

    2945class SharingProperty(Property):
    2946    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'sharingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
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  unnest
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  sql
  transform
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  desc

class SetConfigProperty(Property): View Source

    2949class SetConfigProperty(Property):
    2950    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'setconfigproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
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  pop
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class SettingsProperty(Property): View Source

    2953class SettingsProperty(Property):
    2954    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'settingsproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  isin
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class SortKeyProperty(Property): View Source

    2957class SortKeyProperty(Property):
    2958    arg_types = {"this": True, "compound": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'compound': False}
key = 'sortkeyproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  isin
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  desc

class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property): View Source

    2961class SqlReadWriteProperty(Property):
    2962    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'sqlreadwriteproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
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  dump
  load
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class SqlSecurityProperty(Property): View Source

    2965class SqlSecurityProperty(Property):
    2966    arg_types = {"definer": True}

arg_types = {'definer': True}
key = 'sqlsecurityproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
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  dump
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  desc

class StabilityProperty(Property): View Source

    2969class StabilityProperty(Property):
    2970    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'stabilityproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
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  asc
  desc

class TemporaryProperty(Property): View Source

    2973class TemporaryProperty(Property):
    2974    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'temporaryproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
  and_
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  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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class SecureProperty(Property): View Source

    2977class SecureProperty(Property):
    2978    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'secureproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
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  find_all
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class Tags(ColumnConstraintKind, Property): View Source

    2982class Tags(ColumnConstraintKind, Property):
    2983    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'tags'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
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  output_name
  type
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  is_leaf
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class TransformModelProperty(Property): View Source

    2986class TransformModelProperty(Property):
    2987    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'transformmodelproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  copy
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  set
  depth
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  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
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class TransientProperty(Property): View Source

    2990class TransientProperty(Property):
    2991    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'transientproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias_column_names
  name
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  output_name
  type
  is_type
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  copy
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  depth
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  find
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class UnloggedProperty(Property): View Source

    2994class UnloggedProperty(Property):
    2995    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'unloggedproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
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  output_name
  type
  is_type
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class ViewAttributeProperty(Property): View Source

    2999class ViewAttributeProperty(Property):
    3000    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'viewattributeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
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  output_name
  type
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class VolatileProperty(Property): View Source

    3003class VolatileProperty(Property):
    3004    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'volatileproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
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class WithDataProperty(Property): View Source

    3007class WithDataProperty(Property):
    3008    arg_types = {"no": True, "statistics": False}

arg_types = {'no': True, 'statistics': False}
key = 'withdataproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  type
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class WithJournalTableProperty(Property): View Source

    3011class WithJournalTableProperty(Property):
    3012    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'withjournaltableproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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  name
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  output_name
  type
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  is_leaf
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  copy
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class WithSchemaBindingProperty(Property): View Source

    3015class WithSchemaBindingProperty(Property):
    3016    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'withschemabindingproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
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  output_name
  type
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class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property): View Source

    3019class WithSystemVersioningProperty(Property):
    3020    arg_types = {
    3021        "on": False,
    3022        "this": False,
    3023        "data_consistency": False,
    3024        "retention_period": False,
    3025        "with": True,
    3026    }

arg_types = {'on': False, 'this': False, 'data_consistency': False, 'retention_period': False, 'with': True}
key = 'withsystemversioningproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
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  output_name
  type
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class WithProcedureOptions(Property): View Source

    3029class WithProcedureOptions(Property):
    3030    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'withprocedureoptions'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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  name
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  output_name
  type
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class EncodeProperty(Property): View Source

    3033class EncodeProperty(Property):
    3034    arg_types = {"this": True, "properties": False, "key": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'properties': False, 'key': False}
key = 'encodeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
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  output_name
  type
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class IncludeProperty(Property): View Source

    3037class IncludeProperty(Property):
    3038    arg_types = {"this": True, "alias": False, "column_def": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': False, 'column_def': False}
key = 'includeproperty'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  copy
  add_comments
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  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
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class Properties(Expression): View Source

    3041class Properties(Expression):
    3042    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    3043
    3044    NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {
    3045        "ALGORITHM": AlgorithmProperty,
    3046        "AUTO_INCREMENT": AutoIncrementProperty,
    3047        "CHARACTER SET": CharacterSetProperty,
    3048        "CLUSTERED_BY": ClusteredByProperty,
    3049        "COLLATE": CollateProperty,
    3050        "COMMENT": SchemaCommentProperty,
    3051        "DEFINER": DefinerProperty,
    3052        "DISTKEY": DistKeyProperty,
    3053        "DISTRIBUTED_BY": DistributedByProperty,
    3054        "DISTSTYLE": DistStyleProperty,
    3055        "ENGINE": EngineProperty,
    3056        "EXECUTE AS": ExecuteAsProperty,
    3057        "FORMAT": FileFormatProperty,
    3058        "LANGUAGE": LanguageProperty,
    3059        "LOCATION": LocationProperty,
    3060        "LOCK": LockProperty,
    3061        "PARTITIONED_BY": PartitionedByProperty,
    3062        "RETURNS": ReturnsProperty,
    3063        "ROW_FORMAT": RowFormatProperty,
    3064        "SORTKEY": SortKeyProperty,
    3065        "ENCODE": EncodeProperty,
    3066        "INCLUDE": IncludeProperty,
    3067    }
    3068
    3069    PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {v: k for k, v in NAME_TO_PROPERTY.items()}
    3070
    3071    # CREATE property locations
    3072    # Form: schema specified
    3073    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    3074    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    3075    #     (b int) [POST_SCHEMA]
    3076    #     with ([POST_WITH])
    3077    #     index (b) [POST_INDEX]
    3078    #
    3079    # Form: alias selection
    3080    #   create [POST_CREATE]
    3081    #     table a [POST_NAME]
    3082    #     as [POST_ALIAS] (select * from b) [POST_EXPRESSION]
    3083    #     index (c) [POST_INDEX]
    3084    class Location(AutoName):
    3085        POST_CREATE = auto()
    3086        POST_NAME = auto()
    3087        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    3088        POST_WITH = auto()
    3089        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    3090        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    3091        POST_INDEX = auto()
    3092        UNSUPPORTED = auto()
    3093
    3094    @classmethod
    3095    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    3096        expressions = []
    3097        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    3098            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    3099            if property_cls:
    3100                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    3101            else:
    3102                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    3103
    3104        return cls(expressions=expressions)

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
NAME_TO_PROPERTY = {'ALGORITHM': <class 'AlgorithmProperty'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <class 'AutoIncrementProperty'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <class 'CharacterSetProperty'>, 'CLUSTERED_BY': <class 'ClusteredByProperty'>, 'COLLATE': <class 'CollateProperty'>, 'COMMENT': <class 'SchemaCommentProperty'>, 'DEFINER': <class 'DefinerProperty'>, 'DISTKEY': <class 'DistKeyProperty'>, 'DISTRIBUTED_BY': <class 'DistributedByProperty'>, 'DISTSTYLE': <class 'DistStyleProperty'>, 'ENGINE': <class 'EngineProperty'>, 'EXECUTE AS': <class 'ExecuteAsProperty'>, 'FORMAT': <class 'FileFormatProperty'>, 'LANGUAGE': <class 'LanguageProperty'>, 'LOCATION': <class 'LocationProperty'>, 'LOCK': <class 'LockProperty'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <class 'PartitionedByProperty'>, 'RETURNS': <class 'ReturnsProperty'>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <class 'RowFormatProperty'>, 'SORTKEY': <class 'SortKeyProperty'>, 'ENCODE': <class 'EncodeProperty'>, 'INCLUDE': <class 'IncludeProperty'>}
PROPERTY_TO_NAME = {<class 'AlgorithmProperty'>: 'ALGORITHM', <class 'AutoIncrementProperty'>: 'AUTO_INCREMENT', <class 'CharacterSetProperty'>: 'CHARACTER SET', <class 'ClusteredByProperty'>: 'CLUSTERED_BY', <class 'CollateProperty'>: 'COLLATE', <class 'SchemaCommentProperty'>: 'COMMENT', <class 'DefinerProperty'>: 'DEFINER', <class 'DistKeyProperty'>: 'DISTKEY', <class 'DistributedByProperty'>: 'DISTRIBUTED_BY', <class 'DistStyleProperty'>: 'DISTSTYLE', <class 'EngineProperty'>: 'ENGINE', <class 'ExecuteAsProperty'>: 'EXECUTE AS', <class 'FileFormatProperty'>: 'FORMAT', <class 'LanguageProperty'>: 'LANGUAGE', <class 'LocationProperty'>: 'LOCATION', <class 'LockProperty'>: 'LOCK', <class 'PartitionedByProperty'>: 'PARTITIONED_BY', <class 'ReturnsProperty'>: 'RETURNS', <class 'RowFormatProperty'>: 'ROW_FORMAT', <class 'SortKeyProperty'>: 'SORTKEY', <class 'EncodeProperty'>: 'ENCODE', <class 'IncludeProperty'>: 'INCLUDE'}
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: Dict) -> Properties: View Source

    3094    @classmethod
    3095    def from_dict(cls, properties_dict: t.Dict) -> Properties:
    3096        expressions = []
    3097        for key, value in properties_dict.items():
    3098            property_cls = cls.NAME_TO_PROPERTY.get(key.upper())
    3099            if property_cls:
    3100                expressions.append(property_cls(this=convert(value)))
    3101            else:
    3102                expressions.append(Property(this=Literal.string(key), value=convert(value)))
    3103
    3104        return cls(expressions=expressions)

key = 'properties'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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  name
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  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  set
  depth
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class Properties.Location(sqlglot.helper.AutoName): View Source

    3084    class Location(AutoName):
    3085        POST_CREATE = auto()
    3086        POST_NAME = auto()
    3087        POST_SCHEMA = auto()
    3088        POST_WITH = auto()
    3089        POST_ALIAS = auto()
    3090        POST_EXPRESSION = auto()
    3091        POST_INDEX = auto()
    3092        UNSUPPORTED = auto()

An enumeration.

POST_CREATE = <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>
POST_NAME = <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>
POST_SCHEMA = <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>
POST_WITH = <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>
POST_ALIAS = <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>
POST_EXPRESSION = <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>
POST_INDEX = <Location.POST_INDEX: 'POST_INDEX'>
UNSUPPORTED = <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>
class Qualify(Expression): View Source

    3107class Qualify(Expression):
    3108    pass

key = 'qualify'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class InputOutputFormat(Expression): View Source

    3111class InputOutputFormat(Expression):
    3112    arg_types = {"input_format": False, "output_format": False}

arg_types = {'input_format': False, 'output_format': False}
key = 'inputoutputformat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Return(Expression): View Source

    3116class Return(Expression):
    3117    pass

key = 'return'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Reference(Expression): View Source

    3120class Reference(Expression):
    3121    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "options": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'options': False}
key = 'reference'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Tuple(Expression): View Source

    3124class Tuple(Expression):
    3125    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    3126
    3127    def isin(
    3128        self,
    3129        *expressions: t.Any,
    3130        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3131        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3132        copy: bool = True,
    3133        **opts,
    3134    ) -> In:
    3135        return In(
    3136            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    3137            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    3138            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    3139            unnest=(
    3140                Unnest(
    3141                    expressions=[
    3142                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    3143                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    3144                    ]
    3145                )
    3146                if unnest
    3147                else None
    3148            ),
    3149        )

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
def isin( self, *expressions: Any, query: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, unnest: Union[str, Expression, NoneType, Collection[Union[str, Expression]]] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> In: View Source

    3127    def isin(
    3128        self,
    3129        *expressions: t.Any,
    3130        query: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3131        unnest: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] | t.Collection[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3132        copy: bool = True,
    3133        **opts,
    3134    ) -> In:
    3135        return In(
    3136            this=maybe_copy(self, copy),
    3137            expressions=[convert(e, copy=copy) for e in expressions],
    3138            query=maybe_parse(query, copy=copy, **opts) if query else None,
    3139            unnest=(
    3140                Unnest(
    3141                    expressions=[
    3142                        maybe_parse(t.cast(ExpOrStr, e), copy=copy, **opts)
    3143                        for e in ensure_list(unnest)
    3144                    ]
    3145                )
    3146                if unnest
    3147                else None
    3148            ),
    3149        )

key = 'tuple'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

QUERY_MODIFIERS = {'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
class QueryOption(Expression): View Source

    3180class QueryOption(Expression):
    3181    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'queryoption'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WithTableHint(Expression): View Source

    3185class WithTableHint(Expression):
    3186    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'withtablehint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IndexTableHint(Expression): View Source

    3190class IndexTableHint(Expression):
    3191    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "target": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'target': False}
key = 'indextablehint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class HistoricalData(Expression): View Source

    3195class HistoricalData(Expression):
    3196    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'historicaldata'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Table(Expression): View Source

    3199class Table(Expression):
    3200    arg_types = {
    3201        "this": False,
    3202        "alias": False,
    3203        "db": False,
    3204        "catalog": False,
    3205        "laterals": False,
    3206        "joins": False,
    3207        "pivots": False,
    3208        "hints": False,
    3209        "system_time": False,
    3210        "version": False,
    3211        "format": False,
    3212        "pattern": False,
    3213        "ordinality": False,
    3214        "when": False,
    3215        "only": False,
    3216        "partition": False,
    3217        "changes": False,
    3218        "rows_from": False,
    3219        "sample": False,
    3220    }
    3221
    3222    @property
    3223    def name(self) -> str:
    3224        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3225            return ""
    3226        return self.this.name
    3227
    3228    @property
    3229    def db(self) -> str:
    3230        return self.text("db")
    3231
    3232    @property
    3233    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3234        return self.text("catalog")
    3235
    3236    @property
    3237    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3238        return []
    3239
    3240    @property
    3241    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3242        return []
    3243
    3244    @property
    3245    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3246        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3247        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3248
    3249        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3250            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3251
    3252            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3253                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3254            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3255                parts.append(part)
    3256
    3257        return parts
    3258
    3259    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3260        parts = self.parts
    3261        last_part = parts[-1]
    3262
    3263        if isinstance(last_part, Identifier):
    3264            col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3265        else:
    3266            # This branch will be reached if a function or array is wrapped in a `Table`
    3267            col = last_part
    3268
    3269        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3270        if alias:
    3271            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3272
    3273        return col

arg_types = {'this': False, 'alias': False, 'db': False, 'catalog': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'pivots': False, 'hints': False, 'system_time': False, 'version': False, 'format': False, 'pattern': False, 'ordinality': False, 'when': False, 'only': False, 'partition': False, 'changes': False, 'rows_from': False, 'sample': False}
name: str View Source

    3222    @property
    3223    def name(self) -> str:
    3224        if isinstance(self.this, Func):
    3225            return ""
    3226        return self.this.name

db: str View Source

    3228    @property
    3229    def db(self) -> str:
    3230        return self.text("db")

catalog: str View Source

    3232    @property
    3233    def catalog(self) -> str:
    3234        return self.text("catalog")

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3236    @property
    3237    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3238        return []

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    3240    @property
    3241    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3242        return []

parts: List[Expression] View Source

    3244    @property
    3245    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3246        """Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table."""
    3247        parts: t.List[Expression] = []
    3248
    3249        for arg in ("catalog", "db", "this"):
    3250            part = self.args.get(arg)
    3251
    3252            if isinstance(part, Dot):
    3253                parts.extend(part.flatten())
    3254            elif isinstance(part, Expression):
    3255                parts.append(part)
    3256
    3257        return parts

Return the parts of a table in order catalog, db, table.

def to_column( self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot: View Source

    3259    def to_column(self, copy: bool = True) -> Alias | Column | Dot:
    3260        parts = self.parts
    3261        last_part = parts[-1]
    3262
    3263        if isinstance(last_part, Identifier):
    3264            col = column(*reversed(parts[0:4]), fields=parts[4:], copy=copy)  # type: ignore
    3265        else:
    3266            # This branch will be reached if a function or array is wrapped in a `Table`
    3267            col = last_part
    3268
    3269        alias = self.args.get("alias")
    3270        if alias:
    3271            col = alias_(col, alias.this, copy=copy)
    3272
    3273        return col

key = 'table'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SetOperation(Query): View Source

    3276class SetOperation(Query):
    3277    arg_types = {
    3278        "with": False,
    3279        "this": True,
    3280        "expression": True,
    3281        "distinct": False,
    3282        "by_name": False,
    3283        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3284    }
    3285
    3286    def select(
    3287        self: S,
    3288        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3289        append: bool = True,
    3290        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3291        copy: bool = True,
    3292        **opts,
    3293    ) -> S:
    3294        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3295        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3296        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3297            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3298        )
    3299        return this
    3300
    3301    @property
    3302    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3303        return self.this.unnest().named_selects
    3304
    3305    @property
    3306    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3307        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star
    3308
    3309    @property
    3310    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3311        return self.this.unnest().selects
    3312
    3313    @property
    3314    def left(self) -> Query:
    3315        return self.this
    3316
    3317    @property
    3318    def right(self) -> Query:
    3319        return self.expression

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': True, 'expression': True, 'distinct': False, 'by_name': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def select( self: ~S, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> ~S: View Source

    3286    def select(
    3287        self: S,
    3288        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3289        append: bool = True,
    3290        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3291        copy: bool = True,
    3292        **opts,
    3293    ) -> S:
    3294        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3295        this.this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    3296        this.expression.unnest().select(
    3297            *expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts
    3298        )
    3299        return this

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    3301    @property
    3302    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    3303        return self.this.unnest().named_selects

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

is_star: bool View Source

    3305    @property
    3306    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    3307        return self.this.is_star or self.expression.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    3309    @property
    3310    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    3311        return self.this.unnest().selects

Returns the query's projections.

left: Query View Source

    3313    @property
    3314    def left(self) -> Query:
    3315        return self.this

right: Query View Source

    3317    @property
    3318    def right(self) -> Query:
    3319        return self.expression

key = 'setoperation'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Union(SetOperation): View Source

    3322class Union(SetOperation):
    3323    pass

key = 'union'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
SetOperation
  arg_types
  select
  named_selects
  is_star
  selects
  left
  right
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Except(SetOperation): View Source

    3326class Except(SetOperation):
    3327    pass

key = 'except'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
SetOperation
  arg_types
  select
  named_selects
  is_star
  selects
  left
  right
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Intersect(SetOperation): View Source

    3330class Intersect(SetOperation):
    3331    pass

key = 'intersect'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
SetOperation
  arg_types
  select
  named_selects
  is_star
  selects
  left
  right
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class Update(DML): View Source

    3334class Update(DML):
    3335    arg_types = {
    3336        "with": False,
    3337        "this": False,
    3338        "expressions": True,
    3339        "from": False,
    3340        "where": False,
    3341        "returning": False,
    3342        "order": False,
    3343        "limit": False,
    3344    }
    3345
    3346    def table(
    3347        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3348    ) -> Update:
    3349        """
    3350        Set the table to update.
    3351
    3352        Example:
    3353            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").sql()
    3354            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1'
    3355
    3356        Args:
    3357            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3358                If a `Table` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3359                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Table`.
    3360            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3361            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3362            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3363
    3364        Returns:
    3365            The modified Update expression.
    3366        """
    3367        return _apply_builder(
    3368            expression=expression,
    3369            instance=self,
    3370            arg="this",
    3371            into=Table,
    3372            prefix=None,
    3373            dialect=dialect,
    3374            copy=copy,
    3375            **opts,
    3376        )
    3377
    3378    def set_(
    3379        self,
    3380        *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    3381        append: bool = True,
    3382        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3383        copy: bool = True,
    3384        **opts,
    3385    ) -> Update:
    3386        """
    3387        Append to or set the SET expressions.
    3388
    3389        Example:
    3390            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").sql()
    3391            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1'
    3392
    3393        Args:
    3394            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3395                If `Expression` instance(s) are passed, they will be used as-is.
    3396                Multiple expressions are combined with a comma.
    3397            append: if `True`, add the new expressions to any existing SET expressions.
    3398                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3399            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3400            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3401            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3402        """
    3403        return _apply_list_builder(
    3404            *expressions,
    3405            instance=self,
    3406            arg="expressions",
    3407            append=append,
    3408            into=Expression,
    3409            prefix=None,
    3410            dialect=dialect,
    3411            copy=copy,
    3412            **opts,
    3413        )
    3414
    3415    def where(
    3416        self,
    3417        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3418        append: bool = True,
    3419        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3420        copy: bool = True,
    3421        **opts,
    3422    ) -> Select:
    3423        """
    3424        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3425
    3426        Example:
    3427            >>> Update().table("tbl").set_("x = 1").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3428            "UPDATE tbl SET x = 1 WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3429
    3430        Args:
    3431            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3432                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3433                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3434            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3435                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3436            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3437            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3438            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3439
    3440        Returns:
    3441            Select: the modified expression.
    3442        """
    3443        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3444            *expressions,
    3445            instance=self,
    3446            arg="where",
    3447            append=append,
    3448            into=Where,
    3449            dialect=dialect,
    3450            copy=copy,
    3451            **opts,
    3452        )
    3453
    3454    def from_(
    3455        self,
    3456        expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3457        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3458        copy: bool = True,
    3459        **opts,
    3460    ) -> Update:
    3461        """
    3462        Set the FROM expression.
    3463
    3464        Example:
    3465            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").from_("baz").sql()
    3466            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1 FROM baz'
    3467
    3468        Args:
    3469            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3470                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3471                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3472                If nothing is passed in then a from is not applied to the expression
    3473            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3474            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3475            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3476
    3477        Returns:
    3478            The modified Update expression.
    3479        """
    3480        if not expression:
    3481            return maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3482
    3483        return _apply_builder(
    3484            expression=expression,
    3485            instance=self,
    3486            arg="from",
    3487            into=From,
    3488            prefix="FROM",
    3489            dialect=dialect,
    3490            copy=copy,
    3491            **opts,
    3492        )
    3493
    3494    def with_(
    3495        self,
    3496        alias: ExpOrStr,
    3497        as_: ExpOrStr,
    3498        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    3499        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    3500        append: bool = True,
    3501        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3502        copy: bool = True,
    3503        **opts,
    3504    ) -> Update:
    3505        """
    3506        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    3507
    3508        Example:
    3509            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").from_("baz").with_("baz", "SELECT id FROM foo").sql()
    3510            'WITH baz AS (SELECT id FROM foo) UPDATE my_table SET x = 1 FROM baz'
    3511
    3512        Args:
    3513            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3514                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3515            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    3516                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3517            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    3518            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    3519            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3520                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3521            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3522            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3523            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3524
    3525        Returns:
    3526            The modified expression.
    3527        """
    3528        return _apply_cte_builder(
    3529            self,
    3530            alias,
    3531            as_,
    3532            recursive=recursive,
    3533            materialized=materialized,
    3534            append=append,
    3535            dialect=dialect,
    3536            copy=copy,
    3537            **opts,
    3538        )

arg_types = {'with': False, 'this': False, 'expressions': True, 'from': False, 'where': False, 'returning': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False}
def table( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Update: View Source

    3346    def table(
    3347        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3348    ) -> Update:
    3349        """
    3350        Set the table to update.
    3351
    3352        Example:
    3353            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").sql()
    3354            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1'
    3355
    3356        Args:
    3357            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3358                If a `Table` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3359                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Table`.
    3360            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3361            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3362            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3363
    3364        Returns:
    3365            The modified Update expression.
    3366        """
    3367        return _apply_builder(
    3368            expression=expression,
    3369            instance=self,
    3370            arg="this",
    3371            into=Table,
    3372            prefix=None,
    3373            dialect=dialect,
    3374            copy=copy,
    3375            **opts,
    3376        )

Set the table to update.

###### Example:

>     >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").sql()
>     'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1'

###### Arguments:

- expression : the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Table` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Table`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Update expression.

def set_( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Update: View Source

    3378    def set_(
    3379        self,
    3380        *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    3381        append: bool = True,
    3382        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3383        copy: bool = True,
    3384        **opts,
    3385    ) -> Update:
    3386        """
    3387        Append to or set the SET expressions.
    3388
    3389        Example:
    3390            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").sql()
    3391            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1'
    3392
    3393        Args:
    3394            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3395                If `Expression` instance(s) are passed, they will be used as-is.
    3396                Multiple expressions are combined with a comma.
    3397            append: if `True`, add the new expressions to any existing SET expressions.
    3398                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3399            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3400            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3401            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3402        """
    3403        return _apply_list_builder(
    3404            *expressions,
    3405            instance=self,
    3406            arg="expressions",
    3407            append=append,
    3408            into=Expression,
    3409            prefix=None,
    3410            dialect=dialect,
    3411            copy=copy,
    3412            **opts,
    3413        )

Append to or set the SET expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").sql()
>     'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If `Expression` instance(s) are passed, they will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with a comma.
- append: if `True`, add the new expressions to any existing SET expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

def where( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3415    def where(
    3416        self,
    3417        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3418        append: bool = True,
    3419        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3420        copy: bool = True,
    3421        **opts,
    3422    ) -> Select:
    3423        """
    3424        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3425
    3426        Example:
    3427            >>> Update().table("tbl").set_("x = 1").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3428            "UPDATE tbl SET x = 1 WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3429
    3430        Args:
    3431            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3432                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3433                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3434            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3435                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3436            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3437            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3438            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3439
    3440        Returns:
    3441            Select: the modified expression.
    3442        """
    3443        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3444            *expressions,
    3445            instance=self,
    3446            arg="where",
    3447            append=append,
    3448            into=Where,
    3449            dialect=dialect,
    3450            copy=copy,
    3451            **opts,
    3452        )

Append to or set the WHERE expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Update().table("tbl").set_("x = 1").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
>     "UPDATE tbl SET x = 1 WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def from_( self, expression: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Update: View Source

    3454    def from_(
    3455        self,
    3456        expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3457        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3458        copy: bool = True,
    3459        **opts,
    3460    ) -> Update:
    3461        """
    3462        Set the FROM expression.
    3463
    3464        Example:
    3465            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").from_("baz").sql()
    3466            'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1 FROM baz'
    3467
    3468        Args:
    3469            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3470                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3471                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3472                If nothing is passed in then a from is not applied to the expression
    3473            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3474            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3475            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3476
    3477        Returns:
    3478            The modified Update expression.
    3479        """
    3480        if not expression:
    3481            return maybe_copy(self, copy)
    3482
    3483        return _apply_builder(
    3484            expression=expression,
    3485            instance=self,
    3486            arg="from",
    3487            into=From,
    3488            prefix="FROM",
    3489            dialect=dialect,
    3490            copy=copy,
    3491            **opts,
    3492        )

Set the FROM expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").from_("baz").sql()
>     'UPDATE my_table SET x = 1 FROM baz'

###### Arguments:

- expression : the SQL code strings to parse. If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`. If nothing is passed in then a from is not applied to the expression
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Update expression.

def with_( self, alias: Union[str, Expression], as_: Union[str, Expression], recursive: Optional[bool] = None, materialized: Optional[bool] = None, append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Update: View Source

    3494    def with_(
    3495        self,
    3496        alias: ExpOrStr,
    3497        as_: ExpOrStr,
    3498        recursive: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    3499        materialized: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    3500        append: bool = True,
    3501        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3502        copy: bool = True,
    3503        **opts,
    3504    ) -> Update:
    3505        """
    3506        Append to or set the common table expressions.
    3507
    3508        Example:
    3509            >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").from_("baz").with_("baz", "SELECT id FROM foo").sql()
    3510            'WITH baz AS (SELECT id FROM foo) UPDATE my_table SET x = 1 FROM baz'
    3511
    3512        Args:
    3513            alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    3514                If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3515            as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression.
    3516                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3517            recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
    3518            materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
    3519            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3520                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3521            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3522            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3523            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3524
    3525        Returns:
    3526            The modified expression.
    3527        """
    3528        return _apply_cte_builder(
    3529            self,
    3530            alias,
    3531            as_,
    3532            recursive=recursive,
    3533            materialized=materialized,
    3534            append=append,
    3535            dialect=dialect,
    3536            copy=copy,
    3537            **opts,
    3538        )

Append to or set the common table expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Update().table("my_table").set_("x = 1").from_("baz").with_("baz", "SELECT id FROM foo").sql()
>     'WITH baz AS (SELECT id FROM foo) UPDATE my_table SET x = 1 FROM baz'

###### Arguments:

- alias: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If an `Expression` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- as_: the SQL code string to parse as the table expression. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- recursive: set the RECURSIVE part of the expression. Defaults to `False`.
- materialized: set the MATERIALIZED part of the expression.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

key = 'update'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DML
  returning

class Values(UDTF): View Source

    3541class Values(UDTF):
    3542    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "alias": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'alias': False}
key = 'values'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Var(Expression): View Source

    3545class Var(Expression):
    3546    pass

key = 'var'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Version(Expression): View Source

    3549class Version(Expression):
    3550    """
    3551    Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc
    3552    https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots
    3553    https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html
    3554    https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of
    3555    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16
    3556    this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION
    3557    kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")
    3558    """
    3559
    3560    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "expression": False}

Time travel, iceberg, bigquery etc https://trino.io/docs/current/connector/iceberg.html?highlight=snapshot#using-snapshots https://www.databricks.com/blog/2019/02/04/introducing-delta-time-travel-for-large-scale-data-lakes.html https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#for_system_time_as_of https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/querying-data-in-a-system-versioned-temporal-table?view=sql-server-ver16 this is either TIMESTAMP or VERSION kind is ("AS OF", "BETWEEN")

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'version'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Schema(Expression): View Source

    3563class Schema(Expression):
    3564    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'schema'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Lock(Expression): View Source

    3569class Lock(Expression):
    3570    arg_types = {"update": True, "expressions": False, "wait": False}

arg_types = {'update': True, 'expressions': False, 'wait': False}
key = 'lock'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Select(Query): View Source

    3573class Select(Query):
    3574    arg_types = {
    3575        "with": False,
    3576        "kind": False,
    3577        "expressions": False,
    3578        "hint": False,
    3579        "distinct": False,
    3580        "into": False,
    3581        "from": False,
    3582        "operation_modifiers": False,
    3583        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    3584    }
    3585
    3586    def from_(
    3587        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3588    ) -> Select:
    3589        """
    3590        Set the FROM expression.
    3591
    3592        Example:
    3593            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3594            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3595
    3596        Args:
    3597            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3598                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3599                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3600            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3601            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3602            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3603
    3604        Returns:
    3605            The modified Select expression.
    3606        """
    3607        return _apply_builder(
    3608            expression=expression,
    3609            instance=self,
    3610            arg="from",
    3611            into=From,
    3612            prefix="FROM",
    3613            dialect=dialect,
    3614            copy=copy,
    3615            **opts,
    3616        )
    3617
    3618    def group_by(
    3619        self,
    3620        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3621        append: bool = True,
    3622        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3623        copy: bool = True,
    3624        **opts,
    3625    ) -> Select:
    3626        """
    3627        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3628
    3629        Example:
    3630            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3631            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3632
    3633        Args:
    3634            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3635                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3636                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3637                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3638            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3639                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3640            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3641            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3642            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3643
    3644        Returns:
    3645            The modified Select expression.
    3646        """
    3647        if not expressions:
    3648            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3649
    3650        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3651            *expressions,
    3652            instance=self,
    3653            arg="group",
    3654            append=append,
    3655            copy=copy,
    3656            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3657            into=Group,
    3658            dialect=dialect,
    3659            **opts,
    3660        )
    3661
    3662    def sort_by(
    3663        self,
    3664        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3665        append: bool = True,
    3666        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3667        copy: bool = True,
    3668        **opts,
    3669    ) -> Select:
    3670        """
    3671        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3672
    3673        Example:
    3674            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3675            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3676
    3677        Args:
    3678            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3679                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3680                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3681            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3682                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3683            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3684            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3685            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3686
    3687        Returns:
    3688            The modified Select expression.
    3689        """
    3690        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3691            *expressions,
    3692            instance=self,
    3693            arg="sort",
    3694            append=append,
    3695            copy=copy,
    3696            prefix="SORT BY",
    3697            into=Sort,
    3698            dialect=dialect,
    3699            **opts,
    3700        )
    3701
    3702    def cluster_by(
    3703        self,
    3704        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3705        append: bool = True,
    3706        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3707        copy: bool = True,
    3708        **opts,
    3709    ) -> Select:
    3710        """
    3711        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3712
    3713        Example:
    3714            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3715            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3716
    3717        Args:
    3718            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3719                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3720                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3721            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3722                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3723            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3724            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3725            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3726
    3727        Returns:
    3728            The modified Select expression.
    3729        """
    3730        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3731            *expressions,
    3732            instance=self,
    3733            arg="cluster",
    3734            append=append,
    3735            copy=copy,
    3736            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3737            into=Cluster,
    3738            dialect=dialect,
    3739            **opts,
    3740        )
    3741
    3742    def select(
    3743        self,
    3744        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3745        append: bool = True,
    3746        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3747        copy: bool = True,
    3748        **opts,
    3749    ) -> Select:
    3750        return _apply_list_builder(
    3751            *expressions,
    3752            instance=self,
    3753            arg="expressions",
    3754            append=append,
    3755            dialect=dialect,
    3756            into=Expression,
    3757            copy=copy,
    3758            **opts,
    3759        )
    3760
    3761    def lateral(
    3762        self,
    3763        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3764        append: bool = True,
    3765        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3766        copy: bool = True,
    3767        **opts,
    3768    ) -> Select:
    3769        """
    3770        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3771
    3772        Example:
    3773            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3774            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3775
    3776        Args:
    3777            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3778                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3779            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3780                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3781            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3782            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3783            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3784
    3785        Returns:
    3786            The modified Select expression.
    3787        """
    3788        return _apply_list_builder(
    3789            *expressions,
    3790            instance=self,
    3791            arg="laterals",
    3792            append=append,
    3793            into=Lateral,
    3794            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3795            dialect=dialect,
    3796            copy=copy,
    3797            **opts,
    3798        )
    3799
    3800    def join(
    3801        self,
    3802        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3803        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3804        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3805        append: bool = True,
    3806        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3807        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3808        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3809        copy: bool = True,
    3810        **opts,
    3811    ) -> Select:
    3812        """
    3813        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3814
    3815        Example:
    3816            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3817            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3818
    3819            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3820            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3821
    3822            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3823
    3824            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3825            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3826
    3827        Args:
    3828            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3829                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3830            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3831                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3832            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3833                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3834            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3835                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3836            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3837            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3838            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3839            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3840            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3841
    3842        Returns:
    3843            Select: the modified expression.
    3844        """
    3845        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3846
    3847        try:
    3848            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3849        except ParseError:
    3850            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3851
    3852        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3853
    3854        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3855            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3856
    3857        if join_type:
    3858            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3859            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3860            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3861
    3862            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3863
    3864            if method:
    3865                join.set("method", method.text)
    3866            if side:
    3867                join.set("side", side.text)
    3868            if kind:
    3869                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3870
    3871        if on:
    3872            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3873            join.set("on", on)
    3874
    3875        if using:
    3876            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3877                *ensure_list(using),
    3878                instance=join,
    3879                arg="using",
    3880                append=append,
    3881                copy=copy,
    3882                into=Identifier,
    3883                **opts,
    3884            )
    3885
    3886        if join_alias:
    3887            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3888
    3889        return _apply_list_builder(
    3890            join,
    3891            instance=self,
    3892            arg="joins",
    3893            append=append,
    3894            copy=copy,
    3895            **opts,
    3896        )
    3897
    3898    def where(
    3899        self,
    3900        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3901        append: bool = True,
    3902        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3903        copy: bool = True,
    3904        **opts,
    3905    ) -> Select:
    3906        """
    3907        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3908
    3909        Example:
    3910            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3911            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3912
    3913        Args:
    3914            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3915                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3916                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3917            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3918                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3919            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3920            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3921            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3922
    3923        Returns:
    3924            Select: the modified expression.
    3925        """
    3926        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3927            *expressions,
    3928            instance=self,
    3929            arg="where",
    3930            append=append,
    3931            into=Where,
    3932            dialect=dialect,
    3933            copy=copy,
    3934            **opts,
    3935        )
    3936
    3937    def having(
    3938        self,
    3939        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3940        append: bool = True,
    3941        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3942        copy: bool = True,
    3943        **opts,
    3944    ) -> Select:
    3945        """
    3946        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3947
    3948        Example:
    3949            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3950            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3951
    3952        Args:
    3953            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3954                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3955                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3956            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3957                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3958            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3959            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3960            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3961
    3962        Returns:
    3963            The modified Select expression.
    3964        """
    3965        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3966            *expressions,
    3967            instance=self,
    3968            arg="having",
    3969            append=append,
    3970            into=Having,
    3971            dialect=dialect,
    3972            copy=copy,
    3973            **opts,
    3974        )
    3975
    3976    def window(
    3977        self,
    3978        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3979        append: bool = True,
    3980        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3981        copy: bool = True,
    3982        **opts,
    3983    ) -> Select:
    3984        return _apply_list_builder(
    3985            *expressions,
    3986            instance=self,
    3987            arg="windows",
    3988            append=append,
    3989            into=Window,
    3990            dialect=dialect,
    3991            copy=copy,
    3992            **opts,
    3993        )
    3994
    3995    def qualify(
    3996        self,
    3997        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3998        append: bool = True,
    3999        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4000        copy: bool = True,
    4001        **opts,
    4002    ) -> Select:
    4003        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    4004            *expressions,
    4005            instance=self,
    4006            arg="qualify",
    4007            append=append,
    4008            into=Qualify,
    4009            dialect=dialect,
    4010            copy=copy,
    4011            **opts,
    4012        )
    4013
    4014    def distinct(
    4015        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    4016    ) -> Select:
    4017        """
    4018        Set the OFFSET expression.
    4019
    4020        Example:
    4021            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    4022            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    4023
    4024        Args:
    4025            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    4026            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    4027            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4028
    4029        Returns:
    4030            Select: the modified expression.
    4031        """
    4032        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4033        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    4034        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    4035        return instance
    4036
    4037    def ctas(
    4038        self,
    4039        table: ExpOrStr,
    4040        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    4041        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4042        copy: bool = True,
    4043        **opts,
    4044    ) -> Create:
    4045        """
    4046        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    4047
    4048        Example:
    4049            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    4050            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    4051
    4052        Args:
    4053            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    4054                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    4055            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    4056            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    4057            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4058            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    4059
    4060        Returns:
    4061            The new Create expression.
    4062        """
    4063        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4064        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    4065
    4066        properties_expression = None
    4067        if properties:
    4068            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    4069
    4070        return Create(
    4071            this=table_expression,
    4072            kind="TABLE",
    4073            expression=instance,
    4074            properties=properties_expression,
    4075        )
    4076
    4077    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    4078        """
    4079        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    4080
    4081        Examples:
    4082            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    4083            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    4084
    4085            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    4086            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    4087
    4088        Args:
    4089            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    4090            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4091
    4092        Returns:
    4093            The modified expression.
    4094        """
    4095        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4096        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    4097
    4098        return inst
    4099
    4100    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    4101        """
    4102        Set hints for this expression.
    4103
    4104        Examples:
    4105            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    4106            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    4107
    4108        Args:
    4109            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    4110                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    4111            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    4112            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4113
    4114        Returns:
    4115            The modified expression.
    4116        """
    4117        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4118        inst.set(
    4119            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    4120        )
    4121
    4122        return inst
    4123
    4124    @property
    4125    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    4126        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]
    4127
    4128    @property
    4129    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4130        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)
    4131
    4132    @property
    4133    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4134        return self.expressions

arg_types = {'with': False, 'kind': False, 'expressions': False, 'hint': False, 'distinct': False, 'into': False, 'from': False, 'operation_modifiers': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def from_( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3586    def from_(
    3587        self, expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    3588    ) -> Select:
    3589        """
    3590        Set the FROM expression.
    3591
    3592        Example:
    3593            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
    3594            'SELECT x FROM tbl'
    3595
    3596        Args:
    3597            expression : the SQL code strings to parse.
    3598                If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3599                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
    3600            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3601            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3602            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3603
    3604        Returns:
    3605            The modified Select expression.
    3606        """
    3607        return _apply_builder(
    3608            expression=expression,
    3609            instance=self,
    3610            arg="from",
    3611            into=From,
    3612            prefix="FROM",
    3613            dialect=dialect,
    3614            copy=copy,
    3615            **opts,
    3616        )

Set the FROM expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- expression : the SQL code strings to parse. If a `From` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `From`.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def group_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3618    def group_by(
    3619        self,
    3620        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3621        append: bool = True,
    3622        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3623        copy: bool = True,
    3624        **opts,
    3625    ) -> Select:
    3626        """
    3627        Set the GROUP BY expression.
    3628
    3629        Example:
    3630            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
    3631            'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'
    3632
    3633        Args:
    3634            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3635                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3636                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`.
    3637                If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
    3638            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3639                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
    3640            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3641            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3642            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3643
    3644        Returns:
    3645            The modified Select expression.
    3646        """
    3647        if not expressions:
    3648            return self if not copy else self.copy()
    3649
    3650        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3651            *expressions,
    3652            instance=self,
    3653            arg="group",
    3654            append=append,
    3655            copy=copy,
    3656            prefix="GROUP BY",
    3657            into=Group,
    3658            dialect=dialect,
    3659            **opts,
    3660        )

Set the GROUP BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x", "COUNT(1)").group_by("x").sql()
>     'SELECT x, COUNT(1) FROM tbl GROUP BY x'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Group`. If nothing is passed in then a group by is not applied to the expression
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Group` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def sort_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3662    def sort_by(
    3663        self,
    3664        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3665        append: bool = True,
    3666        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3667        copy: bool = True,
    3668        **opts,
    3669    ) -> Select:
    3670        """
    3671        Set the SORT BY expression.
    3672
    3673        Example:
    3674            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3675            'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'
    3676
    3677        Args:
    3678            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3679                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3680                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
    3681            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3682                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3683            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3684            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3685            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3686
    3687        Returns:
    3688            The modified Select expression.
    3689        """
    3690        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3691            *expressions,
    3692            instance=self,
    3693            arg="sort",
    3694            append=append,
    3695            copy=copy,
    3696            prefix="SORT BY",
    3697            into=Sort,
    3698            dialect=dialect,
    3699            **opts,
    3700        )

Set the SORT BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").sort_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl SORT BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `SORT`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def cluster_by( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3702    def cluster_by(
    3703        self,
    3704        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3705        append: bool = True,
    3706        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3707        copy: bool = True,
    3708        **opts,
    3709    ) -> Select:
    3710        """
    3711        Set the CLUSTER BY expression.
    3712
    3713        Example:
    3714            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
    3715            'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'
    3716
    3717        Args:
    3718            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3719                If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    3720                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
    3721            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3722                Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
    3723            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    3724            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3725            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3726
    3727        Returns:
    3728            The modified Select expression.
    3729        """
    3730        return _apply_child_list_builder(
    3731            *expressions,
    3732            instance=self,
    3733            arg="cluster",
    3734            append=append,
    3735            copy=copy,
    3736            prefix="CLUSTER BY",
    3737            into=Cluster,
    3738            dialect=dialect,
    3739            **opts,
    3740        )

Set the CLUSTER BY expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").cluster_by("x DESC").sql(dialect="hive")
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl CLUSTER BY x DESC'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If a `Group` instance is passed, this is used as-is. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be wrapped in a `Cluster`.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this flattens all the `Order` expression into a single expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def select( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3742    def select(
    3743        self,
    3744        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3745        append: bool = True,
    3746        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3747        copy: bool = True,
    3748        **opts,
    3749    ) -> Select:
    3750        return _apply_list_builder(
    3751            *expressions,
    3752            instance=self,
    3753            arg="expressions",
    3754            append=append,
    3755            dialect=dialect,
    3756            into=Expression,
    3757            copy=copy,
    3758            **opts,
    3759        )

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

def lateral( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3761    def lateral(
    3762        self,
    3763        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3764        append: bool = True,
    3765        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3766        copy: bool = True,
    3767        **opts,
    3768    ) -> Select:
    3769        """
    3770        Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.
    3771
    3772        Example:
    3773            >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
    3774            'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'
    3775
    3776        Args:
    3777            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3778                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3779            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3780                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3781            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3782            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3783            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3784
    3785        Returns:
    3786            The modified Select expression.
    3787        """
    3788        return _apply_list_builder(
    3789            *expressions,
    3790            instance=self,
    3791            arg="laterals",
    3792            append=append,
    3793            into=Lateral,
    3794            prefix="LATERAL VIEW",
    3795            dialect=dialect,
    3796            copy=copy,
    3797            **opts,
    3798        )

Append to or set the LATERAL expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x").lateral("OUTER explode(y) tbl2 AS z").from_("tbl").sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM tbl LATERAL VIEW OUTER EXPLODE(y) tbl2 AS z'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def join( self, expression: Union[str, Expression], on: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, using: Union[str, Expression, Collection[Union[str, Expression]], NoneType] = None, append: bool = True, join_type: Optional[str] = None, join_alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3800    def join(
    3801        self,
    3802        expression: ExpOrStr,
    3803        on: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    3804        using: t.Optional[ExpOrStr | t.Collection[ExpOrStr]] = None,
    3805        append: bool = True,
    3806        join_type: t.Optional[str] = None,
    3807        join_alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    3808        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3809        copy: bool = True,
    3810        **opts,
    3811    ) -> Select:
    3812        """
    3813        Append to or set the JOIN expressions.
    3814
    3815        Example:
    3816            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
    3817            'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3818
    3819            >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
    3820            'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'
    3821
    3822            Use `join_type` to change the type of join:
    3823
    3824            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
    3825            'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'
    3826
    3827        Args:
    3828            expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    3829                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3830            on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string.
    3831                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3832            using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string.
    3833                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3834            append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions.
    3835                Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
    3836            join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
    3837            join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
    3838            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3839            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3840            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3841
    3842        Returns:
    3843            Select: the modified expression.
    3844        """
    3845        parse_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {"dialect": dialect, **opts}
    3846
    3847        try:
    3848            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=Join, prefix="JOIN", **parse_args)
    3849        except ParseError:
    3850            expression = maybe_parse(expression, into=(Join, Expression), **parse_args)
    3851
    3852        join = expression if isinstance(expression, Join) else Join(this=expression)
    3853
    3854        if isinstance(join.this, Select):
    3855            join.this.replace(join.this.subquery())
    3856
    3857        if join_type:
    3858            method: t.Optional[Token]
    3859            side: t.Optional[Token]
    3860            kind: t.Optional[Token]
    3861
    3862            method, side, kind = maybe_parse(join_type, into="JOIN_TYPE", **parse_args)  # type: ignore
    3863
    3864            if method:
    3865                join.set("method", method.text)
    3866            if side:
    3867                join.set("side", side.text)
    3868            if kind:
    3869                join.set("kind", kind.text)
    3870
    3871        if on:
    3872            on = and_(*ensure_list(on), dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    3873            join.set("on", on)
    3874
    3875        if using:
    3876            join = _apply_list_builder(
    3877                *ensure_list(using),
    3878                instance=join,
    3879                arg="using",
    3880                append=append,
    3881                copy=copy,
    3882                into=Identifier,
    3883                **opts,
    3884            )
    3885
    3886        if join_alias:
    3887            join.set("this", alias_(join.this, join_alias, table=True))
    3888
    3889        return _apply_list_builder(
    3890            join,
    3891            instance=self,
    3892            arg="joins",
    3893            append=append,
    3894            copy=copy,
    3895            **opts,
    3896        )

Append to or set the JOIN expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'

>     >>> Select().select("1").from_("a").join("b", using=["x", "y", "z"]).sql()
>     'SELECT 1 FROM a JOIN b USING (x, y, z)'

> Use `join_type` to change the type of join:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").join("tbl2", on="tbl1.y = tbl2.y", join_type="left outer").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl LEFT OUTER JOIN tbl2 ON tbl1.y = tbl2.y'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- on: optionally specify the join "on" criteria as a SQL string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- using: optionally specify the join "using" criteria as a SQL string. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- join_type: if set, alter the parsed join type.
- join_alias: an optional alias for the joined source.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def where( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3898    def where(
    3899        self,
    3900        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3901        append: bool = True,
    3902        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3903        copy: bool = True,
    3904        **opts,
    3905    ) -> Select:
    3906        """
    3907        Append to or set the WHERE expressions.
    3908
    3909        Example:
    3910            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
    3911            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"
    3912
    3913        Args:
    3914            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3915                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3916                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3917            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3918                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3919            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3920            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3921            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3922
    3923        Returns:
    3924            Select: the modified expression.
    3925        """
    3926        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3927            *expressions,
    3928            instance=self,
    3929            arg="where",
    3930            append=append,
    3931            into=Where,
    3932            dialect=dialect,
    3933            copy=copy,
    3934            **opts,
    3935        )

Append to or set the WHERE expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a' OR x < 'b'").sql()
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' OR x < 'b'"

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def having( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3937    def having(
    3938        self,
    3939        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3940        append: bool = True,
    3941        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3942        copy: bool = True,
    3943        **opts,
    3944    ) -> Select:
    3945        """
    3946        Append to or set the HAVING expressions.
    3947
    3948        Example:
    3949            >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
    3950            'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'
    3951
    3952        Args:
    3953            *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    3954                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    3955                Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
    3956            append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression.
    3957                Otherwise, this resets the expression.
    3958            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    3959            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    3960            opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    3961
    3962        Returns:
    3963            The modified Select expression.
    3964        """
    3965        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    3966            *expressions,
    3967            instance=self,
    3968            arg="having",
    3969            append=append,
    3970            into=Having,
    3971            dialect=dialect,
    3972            copy=copy,
    3973            **opts,
    3974        )

Append to or set the HAVING expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "COUNT(y)").from_("tbl").group_by("x").having("COUNT(y) > 3").sql()
>     'SELECT x, COUNT(y) FROM tbl GROUP BY x HAVING COUNT(y) > 3'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is. Multiple expressions are combined with an AND operator.
- append: if `True`, AND the new expressions to any existing expression. Otherwise, this resets the expression.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Select expression.

def window( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3976    def window(
    3977        self,
    3978        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3979        append: bool = True,
    3980        dialect: DialectType = None,
    3981        copy: bool = True,
    3982        **opts,
    3983    ) -> Select:
    3984        return _apply_list_builder(
    3985            *expressions,
    3986            instance=self,
    3987            arg="windows",
    3988            append=append,
    3989            into=Window,
    3990            dialect=dialect,
    3991            copy=copy,
    3992            **opts,
    3993        )

def qualify( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    3995    def qualify(
    3996        self,
    3997        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    3998        append: bool = True,
    3999        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4000        copy: bool = True,
    4001        **opts,
    4002    ) -> Select:
    4003        return _apply_conjunction_builder(
    4004            *expressions,
    4005            instance=self,
    4006            arg="qualify",
    4007            append=append,
    4008            into=Qualify,
    4009            dialect=dialect,
    4010            copy=copy,
    4011            **opts,
    4012        )

def distinct( self, *ons: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    4014    def distinct(
    4015        self, *ons: t.Optional[ExpOrStr], distinct: bool = True, copy: bool = True
    4016    ) -> Select:
    4017        """
    4018        Set the OFFSET expression.
    4019
    4020        Example:
    4021            >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
    4022            'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'
    4023
    4024        Args:
    4025            ons: the expressions to distinct on
    4026            distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
    4027            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4028
    4029        Returns:
    4030            Select: the modified expression.
    4031        """
    4032        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4033        on = Tuple(expressions=[maybe_parse(on, copy=copy) for on in ons if on]) if ons else None
    4034        instance.set("distinct", Distinct(on=on) if distinct else None)
    4035        return instance

Set the OFFSET expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("x").distinct().sql()
>     'SELECT DISTINCT x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- ons: the expressions to distinct on
- distinct: whether the Select should be distinct
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> Select: the modified expression.

def ctas( self, table: Union[str, Expression], properties: Optional[Dict] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Create: View Source

    4037    def ctas(
    4038        self,
    4039        table: ExpOrStr,
    4040        properties: t.Optional[t.Dict] = None,
    4041        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4042        copy: bool = True,
    4043        **opts,
    4044    ) -> Create:
    4045        """
    4046        Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.
    4047
    4048        Example:
    4049            >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
    4050            'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'
    4051
    4052        Args:
    4053            table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name.
    4054                If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    4055            properties: an optional mapping of table properties
    4056            dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
    4057            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4058            opts: other options to use to parse the input table.
    4059
    4060        Returns:
    4061            The new Create expression.
    4062        """
    4063        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4064        table_expression = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    4065
    4066        properties_expression = None
    4067        if properties:
    4068            properties_expression = Properties.from_dict(properties)
    4069
    4070        return Create(
    4071            this=table_expression,
    4072            kind="TABLE",
    4073            expression=instance,
    4074            properties=properties_expression,
    4075        )

Convert this expression to a CREATE TABLE AS statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("*").from_("tbl").ctas("x").sql()
>     'CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT * FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- table: the SQL code string to parse as the table name. If another `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- properties: an optional mapping of table properties
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input table.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input table.

###### Returns:

> The new Create expression.

def lock( self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    4077    def lock(self, update: bool = True, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    4078        """
    4079        Set the locking read mode for this expression.
    4080
    4081        Examples:
    4082            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
    4083            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"
    4084
    4085            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
    4086            "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"
    4087
    4088        Args:
    4089            update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
    4090            copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4091
    4092        Returns:
    4093            The modified expression.
    4094        """
    4095        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4096        inst.set("locks", [Lock(update=update)])
    4097
    4098        return inst

Set the locking read mode for this expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock().sql("mysql")
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR UPDATE"

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").where("x = 'a'").lock(update=False).sql("mysql")
>     "SELECT x FROM tbl WHERE x = 'a' FOR SHARE"

###### Arguments:

- update: if `True`, the locking type will be `FOR UPDATE`, else it will be `FOR SHARE`.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

def hint( self, *hints: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select: View Source

    4100    def hint(self, *hints: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> Select:
    4101        """
    4102        Set hints for this expression.
    4103
    4104        Examples:
    4105            >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
    4106            'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'
    4107
    4108        Args:
    4109            hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints.
    4110                If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
    4111            dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
    4112            copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
    4113
    4114        Returns:
    4115            The modified expression.
    4116        """
    4117        inst = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4118        inst.set(
    4119            "hint", Hint(expressions=[maybe_parse(h, copy=copy, dialect=dialect) for h in hints])
    4120        )
    4121
    4122        return inst

Set hints for this expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> Select().select("x").from_("tbl").hint("BROADCAST(y)").sql(dialect="spark")
>     'SELECT /*+ BROADCAST(y) */ x FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- hints: The SQL code strings to parse as the hints. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- dialect: The dialect used to parse the hints.
- copy: If `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.

###### Returns:

> The modified expression.

named_selects: List[str] View Source

    4124    @property
    4125    def named_selects(self) -> t.List[str]:
    4126        return [e.output_name for e in self.expressions if e.alias_or_name]

Returns the output names of the query's projections.

is_star: bool View Source

    4128    @property
    4129    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4130        return any(expression.is_star for expression in self.expressions)

Checks whether an expression is a star.

selects: List[Expression] View Source

    4132    @property
    4133    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4134        return self.expressions

Returns the query's projections.

key = 'select'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

UNWRAPPED_QUERIES = (<class 'Select'>, <class 'SetOperation'>)
class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query): View Source

    4140class Subquery(DerivedTable, Query):
    4141    arg_types = {
    4142        "this": True,
    4143        "alias": False,
    4144        "with": False,
    4145        **QUERY_MODIFIERS,
    4146    }
    4147
    4148    def unnest(self):
    4149        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    4150        expression = self
    4151        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    4152            expression = expression.this
    4153        return expression
    4154
    4155    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    4156        expression = self
    4157        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    4158            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    4159        return expression
    4160
    4161    def select(
    4162        self,
    4163        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    4164        append: bool = True,
    4165        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4166        copy: bool = True,
    4167        **opts,
    4168    ) -> Subquery:
    4169        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4170        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    4171        return this
    4172
    4173    @property
    4174    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    4175        """
    4176        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    4177
    4178        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    4179                      ^
    4180                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    4181        """
    4182        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")
    4183
    4184    @property
    4185    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4186        return self.this.is_star
    4187
    4188    @property
    4189    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4190        return self.alias

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': False, 'with': False, 'match': False, 'laterals': False, 'joins': False, 'connect': False, 'pivots': False, 'prewhere': False, 'where': False, 'group': False, 'having': False, 'qualify': False, 'windows': False, 'distribute': False, 'sort': False, 'cluster': False, 'order': False, 'limit': False, 'offset': False, 'locks': False, 'sample': False, 'settings': False, 'format': False, 'options': False}
def unnest(self): View Source

    4148    def unnest(self):
    4149        """Returns the first non subquery."""
    4150        expression = self
    4151        while isinstance(expression, Subquery):
    4152            expression = expression.this
    4153        return expression

Returns the first non subquery.

def unwrap(self) -> Subquery: View Source

    4155    def unwrap(self) -> Subquery:
    4156        expression = self
    4157        while expression.same_parent and expression.is_wrapper:
    4158            expression = t.cast(Subquery, expression.parent)
    4159        return expression

def select( self, *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], append: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Subquery: View Source

    4161    def select(
    4162        self,
    4163        *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    4164        append: bool = True,
    4165        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4166        copy: bool = True,
    4167        **opts,
    4168    ) -> Subquery:
    4169        this = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    4170        this.unnest().select(*expressions, append=append, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    4171        return this

Append to or set the SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> Select().select("x", "y").sql()
>     'SELECT x, y'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an `Expression` instance is passed, it will be used as-is.
- append: if `True`, add to any existing expressions. Otherwise, this resets the expressions.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: if `False`, modify this expression instance in-place.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The modified Query expression.

is_wrapper: bool View Source

    4173    @property
    4174    def is_wrapper(self) -> bool:
    4175        """
    4176        Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.
    4177
    4178        SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t)))
    4179                      ^
    4180                      This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node
    4181        """
    4182        return all(v is None for k, v in self.args.items() if k != "this")

Whether this Subquery acts as a simple wrapper around another expression.

SELECT * FROM (((SELECT * FROM t))) ^ This corresponds to a "wrapper" Subquery node

is_star: bool View Source

    4184    @property
    4185    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4186        return self.this.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

output_name: str View Source

    4188    @property
    4189    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4190        return self.alias

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'subquery'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DerivedTable
  selects
  named_selects
Query
  subquery
  limit
  offset
  order_by
  ctes
  with_
  union
  intersect
  except_

class TableSample(Expression): View Source

    4193class TableSample(Expression):
    4194    arg_types = {
    4195        "expressions": False,
    4196        "method": False,
    4197        "bucket_numerator": False,
    4198        "bucket_denominator": False,
    4199        "bucket_field": False,
    4200        "percent": False,
    4201        "rows": False,
    4202        "size": False,
    4203        "seed": False,
    4204    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'method': False, 'bucket_numerator': False, 'bucket_denominator': False, 'bucket_field': False, 'percent': False, 'rows': False, 'size': False, 'seed': False}
key = 'tablesample'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Tag(Expression): View Source

    4207class Tag(Expression):
    4208    """Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT <span>x</span>."""
    4209
    4210    arg_types = {
    4211        "this": False,
    4212        "prefix": False,
    4213        "postfix": False,
    4214    }

Tags are used for generating arbitrary sql like SELECT x.

arg_types = {'this': False, 'prefix': False, 'postfix': False}
key = 'tag'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
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class Pivot(Expression): View Source

    4219class Pivot(Expression):
    4220    arg_types = {
    4221        "this": False,
    4222        "alias": False,
    4223        "expressions": False,
    4224        "field": False,
    4225        "unpivot": False,
    4226        "using": False,
    4227        "group": False,
    4228        "columns": False,
    4229        "include_nulls": False,
    4230        "default_on_null": False,
    4231    }
    4232
    4233    @property
    4234    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    4235        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))

arg_types = {'this': False, 'alias': False, 'expressions': False, 'field': False, 'unpivot': False, 'using': False, 'group': False, 'columns': False, 'include_nulls': False, 'default_on_null': False}
unpivot: bool View Source

    4233    @property
    4234    def unpivot(self) -> bool:
    4235        return bool(self.args.get("unpivot"))

key = 'pivot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  eq
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  rlike
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class Window(Condition): View Source

    4238class Window(Condition):
    4239    arg_types = {
    4240        "this": True,
    4241        "partition_by": False,
    4242        "order": False,
    4243        "spec": False,
    4244        "alias": False,
    4245        "over": False,
    4246        "first": False,
    4247    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'partition_by': False, 'order': False, 'spec': False, 'alias': False, 'over': False, 'first': False}
key = 'window'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class WindowSpec(Expression): View Source

    4250class WindowSpec(Expression):
    4251    arg_types = {
    4252        "kind": False,
    4253        "start": False,
    4254        "start_side": False,
    4255        "end": False,
    4256        "end_side": False,
    4257    }

arg_types = {'kind': False, 'start': False, 'start_side': False, 'end': False, 'end_side': False}
key = 'windowspec'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PreWhere(Expression): View Source

    4260class PreWhere(Expression):
    4261    pass

key = 'prewhere'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
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  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Where(Expression): View Source

    4264class Where(Expression):
    4265    pass

key = 'where'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
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  desc

class Star(Expression): View Source

    4268class Star(Expression):
    4269    arg_types = {"except": False, "replace": False, "rename": False}
    4270
    4271    @property
    4272    def name(self) -> str:
    4273        return "*"
    4274
    4275    @property
    4276    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4277        return self.name

arg_types = {'except': False, 'replace': False, 'rename': False}
name: str View Source

    4271    @property
    4272    def name(self) -> str:
    4273        return "*"

output_name: str View Source

    4275    @property
    4276    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4277        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'star'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Parameter(Condition): View Source

    4280class Parameter(Condition):
    4281    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'parameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class SessionParameter(Condition): View Source

    4284class SessionParameter(Condition):
    4285    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'sessionparameter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Placeholder(Condition): View Source

    4288class Placeholder(Condition):
    4289    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False}
    4290
    4291    @property
    4292    def name(self) -> str:
    4293        return self.this or "?"

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False}
name: str View Source

    4291    @property
    4292    def name(self) -> str:
    4293        return self.this or "?"

key = 'placeholder'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Null(Condition): View Source

    4296class Null(Condition):
    4297    arg_types: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
    4298
    4299    @property
    4300    def name(self) -> str:
    4301        return "NULL"
    4302
    4303    def to_py(self) -> Lit[None]:
    4304        return None

arg_types: Dict[str, Any] = {}
name: str View Source

    4299    @property
    4300    def name(self) -> str:
    4301        return "NULL"

def to_py(self) -> Literal[None]: View Source

    4303    def to_py(self) -> Lit[None]:
    4304        return None

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

key = 'null'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Boolean(Condition): View Source

    4307class Boolean(Condition):
    4308    def to_py(self) -> bool:
    4309        return self.this

def to_py(self) -> bool: View Source

    4308    def to_py(self) -> bool:
    4309        return self.this

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

key = 'boolean'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DataTypeParam(Expression): View Source

    4312class DataTypeParam(Expression):
    4313    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    4314
    4315    @property
    4316    def name(self) -> str:
    4317        return self.this.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
name: str View Source

    4315    @property
    4316    def name(self) -> str:
    4317        return self.this.name

key = 'datatypeparam'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  desc

class DataType(Expression): View Source

    4322class DataType(Expression):
    4323    arg_types = {
    4324        "this": True,
    4325        "expressions": False,
    4326        "nested": False,
    4327        "values": False,
    4328        "prefix": False,
    4329        "kind": False,
    4330        "nullable": False,
    4331    }
    4332
    4333    class Type(AutoName):
    4334        ARRAY = auto()
    4335        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4336        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4337        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    4338        BIGINT = auto()
    4339        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    4340        BINARY = auto()
    4341        BIT = auto()
    4342        BOOLEAN = auto()
    4343        BPCHAR = auto()
    4344        CHAR = auto()
    4345        DATE = auto()
    4346        DATE32 = auto()
    4347        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4348        DATERANGE = auto()
    4349        DATETIME = auto()
    4350        DATETIME64 = auto()
    4351        DECIMAL = auto()
    4352        DECIMAL32 = auto()
    4353        DECIMAL64 = auto()
    4354        DECIMAL128 = auto()
    4355        DECIMAL256 = auto()
    4356        DOUBLE = auto()
    4357        ENUM = auto()
    4358        ENUM8 = auto()
    4359        ENUM16 = auto()
    4360        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    4361        FLOAT = auto()
    4362        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    4363        GEOMETRY = auto()
    4364        POINT = auto()
    4365        RING = auto()
    4366        LINESTRING = auto()
    4367        MULTILINESTRING = auto()
    4368        POLYGON = auto()
    4369        MULTIPOLYGON = auto()
    4370        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    4371        HSTORE = auto()
    4372        IMAGE = auto()
    4373        INET = auto()
    4374        INT = auto()
    4375        INT128 = auto()
    4376        INT256 = auto()
    4377        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4378        INT4RANGE = auto()
    4379        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4380        INT8RANGE = auto()
    4381        INTERVAL = auto()
    4382        IPADDRESS = auto()
    4383        IPPREFIX = auto()
    4384        IPV4 = auto()
    4385        IPV6 = auto()
    4386        JSON = auto()
    4387        JSONB = auto()
    4388        LIST = auto()
    4389        LONGBLOB = auto()
    4390        LONGTEXT = auto()
    4391        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    4392        MAP = auto()
    4393        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    4394        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    4395        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    4396        MONEY = auto()
    4397        NAME = auto()
    4398        NCHAR = auto()
    4399        NESTED = auto()
    4400        NULL = auto()
    4401        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4402        NUMRANGE = auto()
    4403        NVARCHAR = auto()
    4404        OBJECT = auto()
    4405        RANGE = auto()
    4406        ROWVERSION = auto()
    4407        SERIAL = auto()
    4408        SET = auto()
    4409        SMALLINT = auto()
    4410        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4411        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4412        STRUCT = auto()
    4413        SUPER = auto()
    4414        TEXT = auto()
    4415        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4416        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4417        TIME = auto()
    4418        TIMETZ = auto()
    4419        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4420        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4421        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4422        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4423        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4424        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4425        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4426        TINYINT = auto()
    4427        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4428        TSRANGE = auto()
    4429        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4430        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4431        UBIGINT = auto()
    4432        UINT = auto()
    4433        UINT128 = auto()
    4434        UINT256 = auto()
    4435        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4436        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4437        UNION = auto()
    4438        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4439        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4440        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4441        USMALLINT = auto()
    4442        UTINYINT = auto()
    4443        UUID = auto()
    4444        VARBINARY = auto()
    4445        VARCHAR = auto()
    4446        VARIANT = auto()
    4447        VECTOR = auto()
    4448        XML = auto()
    4449        YEAR = auto()
    4450        TDIGEST = auto()
    4451
    4452    STRUCT_TYPES = {
    4453        Type.NESTED,
    4454        Type.OBJECT,
    4455        Type.STRUCT,
    4456        Type.UNION,
    4457    }
    4458
    4459    ARRAY_TYPES = {
    4460        Type.ARRAY,
    4461        Type.LIST,
    4462    }
    4463
    4464    NESTED_TYPES = {
    4465        *STRUCT_TYPES,
    4466        *ARRAY_TYPES,
    4467        Type.MAP,
    4468    }
    4469
    4470    TEXT_TYPES = {
    4471        Type.CHAR,
    4472        Type.NCHAR,
    4473        Type.NVARCHAR,
    4474        Type.TEXT,
    4475        Type.VARCHAR,
    4476        Type.NAME,
    4477    }
    4478
    4479    SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4480        Type.BIGINT,
    4481        Type.INT,
    4482        Type.INT128,
    4483        Type.INT256,
    4484        Type.MEDIUMINT,
    4485        Type.SMALLINT,
    4486        Type.TINYINT,
    4487    }
    4488
    4489    UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4490        Type.UBIGINT,
    4491        Type.UINT,
    4492        Type.UINT128,
    4493        Type.UINT256,
    4494        Type.UMEDIUMINT,
    4495        Type.USMALLINT,
    4496        Type.UTINYINT,
    4497    }
    4498
    4499    INTEGER_TYPES = {
    4500        *SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4501        *UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES,
    4502        Type.BIT,
    4503    }
    4504
    4505    FLOAT_TYPES = {
    4506        Type.DOUBLE,
    4507        Type.FLOAT,
    4508    }
    4509
    4510    REAL_TYPES = {
    4511        *FLOAT_TYPES,
    4512        Type.BIGDECIMAL,
    4513        Type.DECIMAL,
    4514        Type.DECIMAL32,
    4515        Type.DECIMAL64,
    4516        Type.DECIMAL128,
    4517        Type.DECIMAL256,
    4518        Type.MONEY,
    4519        Type.SMALLMONEY,
    4520        Type.UDECIMAL,
    4521    }
    4522
    4523    NUMERIC_TYPES = {
    4524        *INTEGER_TYPES,
    4525        *REAL_TYPES,
    4526    }
    4527
    4528    TEMPORAL_TYPES = {
    4529        Type.DATE,
    4530        Type.DATE32,
    4531        Type.DATETIME,
    4532        Type.DATETIME64,
    4533        Type.TIME,
    4534        Type.TIMESTAMP,
    4535        Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ,
    4536        Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    4537        Type.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    4538        Type.TIMESTAMP_MS,
    4539        Type.TIMESTAMP_NS,
    4540        Type.TIMESTAMP_S,
    4541        Type.TIMETZ,
    4542    }
    4543
    4544    @classmethod
    4545    def build(
    4546        cls,
    4547        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4548        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4549        udt: bool = False,
    4550        copy: bool = True,
    4551        **kwargs,
    4552    ) -> DataType:
    4553        """
    4554        Constructs a DataType object.
    4555
    4556        Args:
    4557            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4558            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4559            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4560                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4561            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4562            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4563
    4564        Returns:
    4565            The constructed DataType object.
    4566        """
    4567        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4568
    4569        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4570            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4571                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4572
    4573            try:
    4574                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4575                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4576                )
    4577            except ParseError:
    4578                if udt:
    4579                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4580                raise
    4581        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4582            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4583        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4584            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4585        else:
    4586            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4587
    4588        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})
    4589
    4590    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE, check_nullable: bool = False) -> bool:
    4591        """
    4592        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4593        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4594
    4595        Args:
    4596            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4597            check_nullable: whether to take the NULLABLE type constructor into account for the comparison.
    4598                If false, it means that NULLABLE<INT> is equivalent to INT.
    4599
    4600        Returns:
    4601            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4602        """
    4603        self_is_nullable = self.args.get("nullable")
    4604        for dtype in dtypes:
    4605            other_type = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4606            other_is_nullable = other_type.args.get("nullable")
    4607            if (
    4608                other_type.expressions
    4609                or (check_nullable and (self_is_nullable or other_is_nullable))
    4610                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4611                or other_type.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4612            ):
    4613                matches = self == other_type
    4614            else:
    4615                matches = self.this == other_type.this
    4616
    4617            if matches:
    4618                return True
    4619        return False

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'nested': False, 'values': False, 'prefix': False, 'kind': False, 'nullable': False}
STRUCT_TYPES = {<Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <Type.UNION: 'UNION'>, <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
ARRAY_TYPES = {<Type.LIST: 'LIST'>, <Type.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>}
NESTED_TYPES = {<Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <Type.MAP: 'MAP'>, <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <Type.LIST: 'LIST'>, <Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <Type.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <Type.UNION: 'UNION'>}
TEXT_TYPES = {<Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <Type.NAME: 'NAME'>, <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>}
SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>, <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>}
UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>}
INTEGER_TYPES = {<Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>, <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>, <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>}
FLOAT_TYPES = {<Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}
REAL_TYPES = {<Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <Type.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <Type.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <Type.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <Type.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}
NUMERIC_TYPES = {<Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <Type.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <Type.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>, <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>, <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>, <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <Type.INT: 'INT'>, <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>, <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <Type.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <Type.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>}
TEMPORAL_TYPES = {<Type.TIME: 'TIME'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <Type.DATE: 'DATE'>, <Type.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <Type.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>}
@classmethod
def build( cls, dtype: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, udt: bool = False, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> DataType: View Source

    4544    @classmethod
    4545    def build(
    4546        cls,
    4547        dtype: DATA_TYPE,
    4548        dialect: DialectType = None,
    4549        udt: bool = False,
    4550        copy: bool = True,
    4551        **kwargs,
    4552    ) -> DataType:
    4553        """
    4554        Constructs a DataType object.
    4555
    4556        Args:
    4557            dtype: the data type of interest.
    4558            dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
    4559            udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a
    4560                DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
    4561            copy: whether to copy the data type.
    4562            kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.
    4563
    4564        Returns:
    4565            The constructed DataType object.
    4566        """
    4567        from sqlglot import parse_one
    4568
    4569        if isinstance(dtype, str):
    4570            if dtype.upper() == "UNKNOWN":
    4571                return DataType(this=DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, **kwargs)
    4572
    4573            try:
    4574                data_type_exp = parse_one(
    4575                    dtype, read=dialect, into=DataType, error_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE
    4576                )
    4577            except ParseError:
    4578                if udt:
    4579                    return DataType(this=DataType.Type.USERDEFINED, kind=dtype, **kwargs)
    4580                raise
    4581        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType.Type):
    4582            data_type_exp = DataType(this=dtype)
    4583        elif isinstance(dtype, DataType):
    4584            return maybe_copy(dtype, copy)
    4585        else:
    4586            raise ValueError(f"Invalid data type: {type(dtype)}. Expected str or DataType.Type")
    4587
    4588        return DataType(**{**data_type_exp.args, **kwargs})

Constructs a DataType object.

###### Arguments:

- dtype: the data type of interest.
- dialect: the dialect to use for parsing `dtype`, in case it's a string.
- udt: when set to True, `dtype` will be used as-is if it can't be parsed into a DataType, thus creating a user-defined type.
- copy: whether to copy the data type.
- kwargs: additional arguments to pass in the constructor of DataType.

###### Returns:

> The constructed DataType object.

def is_type( self, *dtypes: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type], check_nullable: bool = False) -> bool: View Source

    4590    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE, check_nullable: bool = False) -> bool:
    4591        """
    4592        Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision
    4593        will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array<int> != array<float>.
    4594
    4595        Args:
    4596            dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
    4597            check_nullable: whether to take the NULLABLE type constructor into account for the comparison.
    4598                If false, it means that NULLABLE<INT> is equivalent to INT.
    4599
    4600        Returns:
    4601            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.
    4602        """
    4603        self_is_nullable = self.args.get("nullable")
    4604        for dtype in dtypes:
    4605            other_type = DataType.build(dtype, copy=False, udt=True)
    4606            other_is_nullable = other_type.args.get("nullable")
    4607            if (
    4608                other_type.expressions
    4609                or (check_nullable and (self_is_nullable or other_is_nullable))
    4610                or self.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4611                or other_type.this == DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
    4612            ):
    4613                matches = self == other_type
    4614            else:
    4615                matches = self.this == other_type.this
    4616
    4617            if matches:
    4618                return True
    4619        return False

Checks whether this DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types or precision will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array != array.

###### Arguments:

- dtypes: the data types to compare this DataType to.
- check_nullable: whether to take the NULLABLE type constructor into account for the comparison. If false, it means that NULLABLE is equivalent to INT.

###### Returns:

> True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this DataType.

key = 'datatype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DataType.Type(sqlglot.helper.AutoName): View Source

    4333    class Type(AutoName):
    4334        ARRAY = auto()
    4335        AGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4336        SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = auto()
    4337        BIGDECIMAL = auto()
    4338        BIGINT = auto()
    4339        BIGSERIAL = auto()
    4340        BINARY = auto()
    4341        BIT = auto()
    4342        BOOLEAN = auto()
    4343        BPCHAR = auto()
    4344        CHAR = auto()
    4345        DATE = auto()
    4346        DATE32 = auto()
    4347        DATEMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4348        DATERANGE = auto()
    4349        DATETIME = auto()
    4350        DATETIME64 = auto()
    4351        DECIMAL = auto()
    4352        DECIMAL32 = auto()
    4353        DECIMAL64 = auto()
    4354        DECIMAL128 = auto()
    4355        DECIMAL256 = auto()
    4356        DOUBLE = auto()
    4357        ENUM = auto()
    4358        ENUM8 = auto()
    4359        ENUM16 = auto()
    4360        FIXEDSTRING = auto()
    4361        FLOAT = auto()
    4362        GEOGRAPHY = auto()
    4363        GEOMETRY = auto()
    4364        POINT = auto()
    4365        RING = auto()
    4366        LINESTRING = auto()
    4367        MULTILINESTRING = auto()
    4368        POLYGON = auto()
    4369        MULTIPOLYGON = auto()
    4370        HLLSKETCH = auto()
    4371        HSTORE = auto()
    4372        IMAGE = auto()
    4373        INET = auto()
    4374        INT = auto()
    4375        INT128 = auto()
    4376        INT256 = auto()
    4377        INT4MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4378        INT4RANGE = auto()
    4379        INT8MULTIRANGE = auto()
    4380        INT8RANGE = auto()
    4381        INTERVAL = auto()
    4382        IPADDRESS = auto()
    4383        IPPREFIX = auto()
    4384        IPV4 = auto()
    4385        IPV6 = auto()
    4386        JSON = auto()
    4387        JSONB = auto()
    4388        LIST = auto()
    4389        LONGBLOB = auto()
    4390        LONGTEXT = auto()
    4391        LOWCARDINALITY = auto()
    4392        MAP = auto()
    4393        MEDIUMBLOB = auto()
    4394        MEDIUMINT = auto()
    4395        MEDIUMTEXT = auto()
    4396        MONEY = auto()
    4397        NAME = auto()
    4398        NCHAR = auto()
    4399        NESTED = auto()
    4400        NULL = auto()
    4401        NUMMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4402        NUMRANGE = auto()
    4403        NVARCHAR = auto()
    4404        OBJECT = auto()
    4405        RANGE = auto()
    4406        ROWVERSION = auto()
    4407        SERIAL = auto()
    4408        SET = auto()
    4409        SMALLINT = auto()
    4410        SMALLMONEY = auto()
    4411        SMALLSERIAL = auto()
    4412        STRUCT = auto()
    4413        SUPER = auto()
    4414        TEXT = auto()
    4415        TINYBLOB = auto()
    4416        TINYTEXT = auto()
    4417        TIME = auto()
    4418        TIMETZ = auto()
    4419        TIMESTAMP = auto()
    4420        TIMESTAMPNTZ = auto()
    4421        TIMESTAMPLTZ = auto()
    4422        TIMESTAMPTZ = auto()
    4423        TIMESTAMP_S = auto()
    4424        TIMESTAMP_MS = auto()
    4425        TIMESTAMP_NS = auto()
    4426        TINYINT = auto()
    4427        TSMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4428        TSRANGE = auto()
    4429        TSTZMULTIRANGE = auto()
    4430        TSTZRANGE = auto()
    4431        UBIGINT = auto()
    4432        UINT = auto()
    4433        UINT128 = auto()
    4434        UINT256 = auto()
    4435        UMEDIUMINT = auto()
    4436        UDECIMAL = auto()
    4437        UNION = auto()
    4438        UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = auto()
    4439        UNKNOWN = auto()  # Sentinel value, useful for type annotation
    4440        USERDEFINED = "USER-DEFINED"
    4441        USMALLINT = auto()
    4442        UTINYINT = auto()
    4443        UUID = auto()
    4444        VARBINARY = auto()
    4445        VARCHAR = auto()
    4446        VARIANT = auto()
    4447        VECTOR = auto()
    4448        XML = auto()
    4449        YEAR = auto()
    4450        TDIGEST = auto()

An enumeration.

ARRAY = <Type.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>
AGGREGATEFUNCTION = <Type.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>
SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION = <Type.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>
BIGDECIMAL = <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>
BIGINT = <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>
BIGSERIAL = <Type.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>
BINARY = <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>
BIT = <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>
BOOLEAN = <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>
BPCHAR = <Type.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>
CHAR = <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>
DATE = <Type.DATE: 'DATE'>
DATE32 = <Type.DATE32: 'DATE32'>
DATEMULTIRANGE = <Type.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>
DATERANGE = <Type.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>
DATETIME = <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>
DATETIME64 = <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>
DECIMAL = <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>
DECIMAL32 = <Type.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>
DECIMAL64 = <Type.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>
DECIMAL128 = <Type.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>
DECIMAL256 = <Type.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>
DOUBLE = <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>
ENUM = <Type.ENUM: 'ENUM'>
ENUM8 = <Type.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>
ENUM16 = <Type.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>
FIXEDSTRING = <Type.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>
FLOAT = <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>
GEOGRAPHY = <Type.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>
GEOMETRY = <Type.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>
POINT = <Type.POINT: 'POINT'>
RING = <Type.RING: 'RING'>
LINESTRING = <Type.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>
MULTILINESTRING = <Type.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>
POLYGON = <Type.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>
MULTIPOLYGON = <Type.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>
HLLSKETCH = <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>
HSTORE = <Type.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>
IMAGE = <Type.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>
INET = <Type.INET: 'INET'>
INT = <Type.INT: 'INT'>
INT128 = <Type.INT128: 'INT128'>
INT256 = <Type.INT256: 'INT256'>
INT4MULTIRANGE = <Type.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>
INT4RANGE = <Type.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>
INT8MULTIRANGE = <Type.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>
INT8RANGE = <Type.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>
INTERVAL = <Type.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>
IPADDRESS = <Type.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>
IPPREFIX = <Type.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>
IPV4 = <Type.IPV4: 'IPV4'>
IPV6 = <Type.IPV6: 'IPV6'>
JSON = <Type.JSON: 'JSON'>
JSONB = <Type.JSONB: 'JSONB'>
LIST = <Type.LIST: 'LIST'>
LONGBLOB = <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>
LONGTEXT = <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>
LOWCARDINALITY = <Type.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>
MAP = <Type.MAP: 'MAP'>
MEDIUMBLOB = <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>
MEDIUMINT = <Type.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>
MEDIUMTEXT = <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>
MONEY = <Type.MONEY: 'MONEY'>
NAME = <Type.NAME: 'NAME'>
NCHAR = <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>
NESTED = <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>
NULL = <Type.NULL: 'NULL'>
NUMMULTIRANGE = <Type.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>
NUMRANGE = <Type.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>
NVARCHAR = <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>
OBJECT = <Type.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>
RANGE = <Type.RANGE: 'RANGE'>
ROWVERSION = <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>
SERIAL = <Type.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>
SET = <Type.SET: 'SET'>
SMALLINT = <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>
SMALLMONEY = <Type.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>
SMALLSERIAL = <Type.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>
STRUCT = <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>
SUPER = <Type.SUPER: 'SUPER'>
TEXT = <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>
TINYBLOB = <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>
TINYTEXT = <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>
TIME = <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>
TIMETZ = <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>
TIMESTAMP = <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>
TIMESTAMPNTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>
TIMESTAMPLTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>
TIMESTAMPTZ = <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>
TIMESTAMP_S = <Type.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>
TIMESTAMP_MS = <Type.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>
TIMESTAMP_NS = <Type.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>
TINYINT = <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>
TSMULTIRANGE = <Type.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>
TSRANGE = <Type.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>
TSTZMULTIRANGE = <Type.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>
TSTZRANGE = <Type.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>
UBIGINT = <Type.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>
UINT = <Type.UINT: 'UINT'>
UINT128 = <Type.UINT128: 'UINT128'>
UINT256 = <Type.UINT256: 'UINT256'>
UMEDIUMINT = <Type.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>
UDECIMAL = <Type.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>
UNION = <Type.UNION: 'UNION'>
UNIQUEIDENTIFIER = <Type.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>
UNKNOWN = <Type.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>
USERDEFINED = <Type.USERDEFINED: 'USER-DEFINED'>
USMALLINT = <Type.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>
UTINYINT = <Type.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>
UUID = <Type.UUID: 'UUID'>
VARBINARY = <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>
VARCHAR = <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>
VARIANT = <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>
VECTOR = <Type.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>
XML = <Type.XML: 'XML'>
YEAR = <Type.YEAR: 'YEAR'>
TDIGEST = <Type.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>
DATA_TYPE = typing.Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]
class PseudoType(DataType): View Source

    4626class PseudoType(DataType):
    4627    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'pseudotype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  ARRAY_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class ObjectIdentifier(DataType): View Source

    4631class ObjectIdentifier(DataType):
    4632    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'objectidentifier'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  ARRAY_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate): View Source

    4636class SubqueryPredicate(Predicate):
    4637    pass

key = 'subquerypredicate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class All(SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    4640class All(SubqueryPredicate):
    4641    pass

key = 'all'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Any(SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    4644class Any(SubqueryPredicate):
    4645    pass

key = 'any'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Command(Expression): View Source

    4650class Command(Expression):
    4651    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'command'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Transaction(Expression): View Source

    4654class Transaction(Expression):
    4655    arg_types = {"this": False, "modes": False, "mark": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'modes': False, 'mark': False}
key = 'transaction'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Commit(Expression): View Source

    4658class Commit(Expression):
    4659    arg_types = {"chain": False, "this": False, "durability": False}

arg_types = {'chain': False, 'this': False, 'durability': False}
key = 'commit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Rollback(Expression): View Source

    4662class Rollback(Expression):
    4663    arg_types = {"savepoint": False, "this": False}

arg_types = {'savepoint': False, 'this': False}
key = 'rollback'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Alter(Expression): View Source

    4666class Alter(Expression):
    4667    arg_types = {
    4668        "this": True,
    4669        "kind": True,
    4670        "actions": True,
    4671        "exists": False,
    4672        "only": False,
    4673        "options": False,
    4674        "cluster": False,
    4675        "not_valid": False,
    4676    }
    4677
    4678    @property
    4679    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    4680        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    4681        return kind and kind.upper()
    4682
    4683    @property
    4684    def actions(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4685        return self.args.get("actions") or []

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'actions': True, 'exists': False, 'only': False, 'options': False, 'cluster': False, 'not_valid': False}
kind: Optional[str] View Source

    4678    @property
    4679    def kind(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
    4680        kind = self.args.get("kind")
    4681        return kind and kind.upper()

actions: List[Expression] View Source

    4683    @property
    4684    def actions(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4685        return self.args.get("actions") or []

key = 'alter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AddConstraint(Expression): View Source

    4688class AddConstraint(Expression):
    4689    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'addconstraint'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AttachOption(Expression): View Source

    4692class AttachOption(Expression):
    4693    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'attachoption'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DropPartition(Expression): View Source

    4696class DropPartition(Expression):
    4697    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "exists": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'exists': False}
key = 'droppartition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ReplacePartition(Expression): View Source

    4701class ReplacePartition(Expression):
    4702    arg_types = {"expression": True, "source": True}

arg_types = {'expression': True, 'source': True}
key = 'replacepartition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Binary(Condition): View Source

    4706class Binary(Condition):
    4707    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    4708
    4709    @property
    4710    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4711        return self.this
    4712
    4713    @property
    4714    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4715        return self.expression

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
left: Expression View Source

    4709    @property
    4710    def left(self) -> Expression:
    4711        return self.this

right: Expression View Source

    4713    @property
    4714    def right(self) -> Expression:
    4715        return self.expression

key = 'binary'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Add(Binary): View Source

    4718class Add(Binary):
    4719    pass

key = 'add'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Connector(Binary): View Source

    4722class Connector(Binary):
    4723    pass

key = 'connector'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
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Binary
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class And(Connector): View Source

    4726class And(Connector):
    4727    pass

key = 'and'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Or(Connector): View Source

    4730class Or(Connector):
    4731    pass

key = 'or'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class BitwiseAnd(Binary): View Source

    4734class BitwiseAnd(Binary):
    4735    pass

key = 'bitwiseand'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary): View Source

    4738class BitwiseLeftShift(Binary):
    4739    pass

key = 'bitwiseleftshift'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class BitwiseOr(Binary): View Source

    4742class BitwiseOr(Binary):
    4743    pass

key = 'bitwiseor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseRightShift(Binary): View Source

    4746class BitwiseRightShift(Binary):
    4747    pass

key = 'bitwiserightshift'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class BitwiseXor(Binary): View Source

    4750class BitwiseXor(Binary):
    4751    pass

key = 'bitwisexor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Div(Binary): View Source

    4754class Div(Binary):
    4755    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "typed": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'typed': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'div'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class Overlaps(Binary): View Source

    4758class Overlaps(Binary):
    4759    pass

key = 'overlaps'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  desc
Binary
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class Dot(Binary): View Source

    4762class Dot(Binary):
    4763    @property
    4764    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4765        return self.expression.is_star
    4766
    4767    @property
    4768    def name(self) -> str:
    4769        return self.expression.name
    4770
    4771    @property
    4772    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4773        return self.name
    4774
    4775    @classmethod
    4776    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4777        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4778        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4779            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4780
    4781        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))
    4782
    4783    @property
    4784    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4785        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4786        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4787
    4788        parts.reverse()
    4789
    4790        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4791            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4792
    4793            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4794                parts.append(part)
    4795
    4796        parts.reverse()
    4797        return parts

is_star: bool View Source

    4763    @property
    4764    def is_star(self) -> bool:
    4765        return self.expression.is_star

Checks whether an expression is a star.

name: str View Source

    4767    @property
    4768    def name(self) -> str:
    4769        return self.expression.name

output_name: str View Source

    4771    @property
    4772    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4773        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

@classmethod
def build( self, expressions: Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot: View Source

    4775    @classmethod
    4776    def build(self, expressions: t.Sequence[Expression]) -> Dot:
    4777        """Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions."""
    4778        if len(expressions) < 2:
    4779            raise ValueError("Dot requires >= 2 expressions.")
    4780
    4781        return t.cast(Dot, reduce(lambda x, y: Dot(this=x, expression=y), expressions))

Build a Dot object with a sequence of expressions.

parts: List[Expression] View Source

    4783    @property
    4784    def parts(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    4785        """Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table."""
    4786        this, *parts = self.flatten()
    4787
    4788        parts.reverse()
    4789
    4790        for arg in COLUMN_PARTS:
    4791            part = this.args.get(arg)
    4792
    4793            if isinstance(part, Expression):
    4794                parts.append(part)
    4795
    4796        parts.reverse()
    4797        return parts

Return the parts of a table / column in order catalog, db, table.

key = 'dot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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Binary
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class DPipe(Binary): View Source

    4800class DPipe(Binary):
    4801    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'safe': False}
key = 'dpipe'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class EQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4804class EQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4805    pass

key = 'eq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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Binary
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  left
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class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4808class NullSafeEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4809    pass

key = 'nullsafeeq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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Binary
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  left
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class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4812class NullSafeNEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4813    pass

key = 'nullsafeneq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class PropertyEQ(Binary): View Source

    4817class PropertyEQ(Binary):
    4818    pass

key = 'propertyeq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  asc
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Distance(Binary): View Source

    4821class Distance(Binary):
    4822    pass

key = 'distance'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Escape(Binary): View Source

    4825class Escape(Binary):
    4826    pass

key = 'escape'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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Binary
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  left
  right

class Glob(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4829class Glob(Binary, Predicate):
    4830    pass

key = 'glob'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class GT(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4833class GT(Binary, Predicate):
    4834    pass

key = 'gt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class GTE(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4837class GTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4838    pass

key = 'gte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class ILike(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4841class ILike(Binary, Predicate):
    4842    pass

key = 'ilike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4845class ILikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4846    pass

key = 'ilikeany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class IntDiv(Binary): View Source

    4849class IntDiv(Binary):
    4850    pass

key = 'intdiv'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Is(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4853class Is(Binary, Predicate):
    4854    pass

key = 'is'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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Binary
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class Kwarg(Binary): View Source

    4857class Kwarg(Binary):
    4858    """Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y)."""

Kwarg in special functions like func(kwarg => y).

key = 'kwarg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Like(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4861class Like(Binary, Predicate):
    4862    pass

key = 'like'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4865class LikeAny(Binary, Predicate):
    4866    pass

key = 'likeany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class LT(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4869class LT(Binary, Predicate):
    4870    pass

key = 'lt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
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  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class LTE(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4873class LTE(Binary, Predicate):
    4874    pass

key = 'lte'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Mod(Binary): View Source

    4877class Mod(Binary):
    4878    pass

key = 'mod'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Mul(Binary): View Source

    4881class Mul(Binary):
    4882    pass

key = 'mul'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class NEQ(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4885class NEQ(Binary, Predicate):
    4886    pass

key = 'neq'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
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class Operator(Binary): View Source

    4890class Operator(Binary):
    4891    arg_types = {"this": True, "operator": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'operator': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'operator'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate): View Source

    4894class SimilarTo(Binary, Predicate):
    4895    pass

key = 'similarto'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Slice(Binary): View Source

    4898class Slice(Binary):
    4899    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False}
key = 'slice'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right

class Sub(Binary): View Source

    4902class Sub(Binary):
    4903    pass

key = 'sub'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right

class Unary(Condition): View Source

    4908class Unary(Condition):
    4909    pass

key = 'unary'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class BitwiseNot(Unary): View Source

    4912class BitwiseNot(Unary):
    4913    pass

key = 'bitwisenot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Not(Unary): View Source

    4916class Not(Unary):
    4917    pass

key = 'not'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Paren(Unary): View Source

    4920class Paren(Unary):
    4921    @property
    4922    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4923        return self.this.name

output_name: str View Source

    4921    @property
    4922    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4923        return self.this.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'paren'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Neg(Unary): View Source

    4926class Neg(Unary):
    4927    def to_py(self) -> int | Decimal:
    4928        if self.is_number:
    4929            return self.this.to_py() * -1
    4930        return super().to_py()

def to_py(self) -> int | decimal.Decimal: View Source

    4927    def to_py(self) -> int | Decimal:
    4928        if self.is_number:
    4929            return self.this.to_py() * -1
    4930        return super().to_py()

Returns a Python object equivalent of the SQL node.

key = 'neg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Alias(Expression): View Source

    4933class Alias(Expression):
    4934    arg_types = {"this": True, "alias": False}
    4935
    4936    @property
    4937    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4938        return self.alias

arg_types = {'this': True, 'alias': False}
output_name: str View Source

    4936    @property
    4937    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4938        return self.alias

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'alias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class PivotAlias(Alias): View Source

    4943class PivotAlias(Alias):
    4944    pass

key = 'pivotalias'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Alias
  arg_types
  output_name

class PivotAny(Expression): View Source

    4949class PivotAny(Expression):
    4950    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'pivotany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Aliases(Expression): View Source

    4953class Aliases(Expression):
    4954    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True}
    4955
    4956    @property
    4957    def aliases(self):
    4958        return self.expressions

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True}
aliases View Source

    4956    @property
    4957    def aliases(self):
    4958        return self.expressions

key = 'aliases'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AtIndex(Expression): View Source

    4962class AtIndex(Expression):
    4963    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'atindex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AtTimeZone(Expression): View Source

    4966class AtTimeZone(Expression):
    4967    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': True}
key = 'attimezone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class FromTimeZone(Expression): View Source

    4970class FromTimeZone(Expression):
    4971    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': True}
key = 'fromtimezone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Between(Predicate): View Source

    4974class Between(Predicate):
    4975    arg_types = {"this": True, "low": True, "high": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'low': True, 'high': True}
key = 'between'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
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  asc
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class Bracket(Condition): View Source

    4978class Bracket(Condition):
    4979    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/operators#array_subscript_operator
    4980    arg_types = {
    4981        "this": True,
    4982        "expressions": True,
    4983        "offset": False,
    4984        "safe": False,
    4985        "returns_list_for_maps": False,
    4986    }
    4987
    4988    @property
    4989    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4990        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4991            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4992
    4993        return super().output_name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'offset': False, 'safe': False, 'returns_list_for_maps': False}
output_name: str View Source

    4988    @property
    4989    def output_name(self) -> str:
    4990        if len(self.expressions) == 1:
    4991            return self.expressions[0].output_name
    4992
    4993        return super().output_name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'bracket'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Distinct(Expression): View Source

    4996class Distinct(Expression):
    4997    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "on": False}

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'on': False}
key = 'distinct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class In(Predicate): View Source

    5000class In(Predicate):
    5001    arg_types = {
    5002        "this": True,
    5003        "expressions": False,
    5004        "query": False,
    5005        "unnest": False,
    5006        "field": False,
    5007        "is_global": False,
    5008    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'query': False, 'unnest': False, 'field': False, 'is_global': False}
key = 'in'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class ForIn(Expression): View Source

    5012class ForIn(Expression):
    5013    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'forin'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeUnit(Expression): View Source

    5016class TimeUnit(Expression):
    5017    """Automatically converts unit arg into a var."""
    5018
    5019    arg_types = {"unit": False}
    5020
    5021    UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {
    5022        "D": "DAY",
    5023        "H": "HOUR",
    5024        "M": "MINUTE",
    5025        "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    5026        "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    5027        "Q": "QUARTER",
    5028        "S": "SECOND",
    5029        "US": "MICROSECOND",
    5030        "W": "WEEK",
    5031        "Y": "YEAR",
    5032    }
    5033
    5034    VAR_LIKE = (Column, Literal, Var)
    5035
    5036    def __init__(self, **args):
    5037        unit = args.get("unit")
    5038        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    5039            args["unit"] = Var(
    5040                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5041            )
    5042        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5043            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    5044
    5045        super().__init__(**args)
    5046
    5047    @property
    5048    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    5049        return self.args.get("unit")

Automatically converts unit arg into a var.

TimeUnit(**args) View Source

    5036    def __init__(self, **args):
    5037        unit = args.get("unit")
    5038        if isinstance(unit, self.VAR_LIKE):
    5039            args["unit"] = Var(
    5040                this=(self.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME.get(unit.name) or unit.name).upper()
    5041            )
    5042        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5043            unit.set("this", Var(this=unit.this.name.upper()))
    5044
    5045        super().__init__(**args)

arg_types = {'unit': False}
UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME = {'D': 'DAY', 'H': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'S': 'SECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'W': 'WEEK', 'Y': 'YEAR'}
VAR_LIKE = (<class 'Column'>, <class 'Literal'>, <class 'Var'>)
unit: Union[Var, IntervalSpan, NoneType] View Source

    5047    @property
    5048    def unit(self) -> t.Optional[Var | IntervalSpan]:
    5049        return self.args.get("unit")

key = 'timeunit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IntervalOp(TimeUnit): View Source

    5052class IntervalOp(TimeUnit):
    5053    arg_types = {"unit": False, "expression": True}
    5054
    5055    def interval(self):
    5056        return Interval(
    5057            this=self.expression.copy(),
    5058            unit=self.unit.copy() if self.unit else None,
    5059        )

arg_types = {'unit': False, 'expression': True}
def interval(self): View Source

    5055    def interval(self):
    5056        return Interval(
    5057            this=self.expression.copy(),
    5058            unit=self.unit.copy() if self.unit else None,
    5059        )

key = 'intervalop'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IntervalSpan(DataType): View Source

    5065class IntervalSpan(DataType):
    5066    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'intervalspan'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
DataType
  Type
  STRUCT_TYPES
  ARRAY_TYPES
  NESTED_TYPES
  TEXT_TYPES
  SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  UNSIGNED_INTEGER_TYPES
  INTEGER_TYPES
  FLOAT_TYPES
  REAL_TYPES
  NUMERIC_TYPES
  TEMPORAL_TYPES
  build
  is_type

class Interval(TimeUnit): View Source

    5069class Interval(TimeUnit):
    5070    arg_types = {"this": False, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'unit': False}
key = 'interval'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class IgnoreNulls(Expression): View Source

    5073class IgnoreNulls(Expression):
    5074    pass

key = 'ignorenulls'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class RespectNulls(Expression): View Source

    5077class RespectNulls(Expression):
    5078    pass

key = 'respectnulls'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class HavingMax(Expression): View Source

    5082class HavingMax(Expression):
    5083    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "max": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'max': True}
key = 'havingmax'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Func(Condition): View Source

    5087class Func(Condition):
    5088    """
    5089    The base class for all function expressions.
    5090
    5091    Attributes:
    5092        is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be
    5093            treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
    5094        _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this
    5095            function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as
    5096            well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL
    5097            name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.
    5098    """
    5099
    5100    is_var_len_args = False
    5101
    5102    @classmethod
    5103    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    5104        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    5105            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    5106            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    5107            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    5108            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    5109
    5110            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    5111            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    5112        else:
    5113            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    5114
    5115        return cls(**args_dict)
    5116
    5117    @classmethod
    5118    def sql_names(cls):
    5119        if cls is Func:
    5120            raise NotImplementedError(
    5121                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    5122            )
    5123        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    5124            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    5125        return cls._sql_names
    5126
    5127    @classmethod
    5128    def sql_name(cls):
    5129        return cls.sql_names()[0]
    5130
    5131    @classmethod
    5132    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    5133        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}

The base class for all function expressions.

###### Attributes:

- is_var_len_args (bool): if set to True the last argument defined in arg_types will be treated as a variable length argument and the argument's value will be stored as a list.
- _sql_names (list): the SQL name (1st item in the list) and aliases (subsequent items) for this function expression. These values are used to map this node to a name during parsing as well as to provide the function's name during SQL string generation. By default the SQL name is set to the expression's class name transformed to snake case.

is_var_len_args = False
@classmethod
def from_arg_list(cls, args): View Source

    5102    @classmethod
    5103    def from_arg_list(cls, args):
    5104        if cls.is_var_len_args:
    5105            all_arg_keys = list(cls.arg_types)
    5106            # If this function supports variable length argument treat the last argument as such.
    5107            non_var_len_arg_keys = all_arg_keys[:-1] if cls.is_var_len_args else all_arg_keys
    5108            num_non_var = len(non_var_len_arg_keys)
    5109
    5110            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, non_var_len_arg_keys)}
    5111            args_dict[all_arg_keys[-1]] = args[num_non_var:]
    5112        else:
    5113            args_dict = {arg_key: arg for arg, arg_key in zip(args, cls.arg_types)}
    5114
    5115        return cls(**args_dict)

@classmethod
def sql_names(cls): View Source

    5117    @classmethod
    5118    def sql_names(cls):
    5119        if cls is Func:
    5120            raise NotImplementedError(
    5121                "SQL name is only supported by concrete function implementations"
    5122            )
    5123        if "_sql_names" not in cls.__dict__:
    5124            cls._sql_names = [camel_to_snake_case(cls.__name__)]
    5125        return cls._sql_names

@classmethod
def sql_name(cls): View Source

    5127    @classmethod
    5128    def sql_name(cls):
    5129        return cls.sql_names()[0]

@classmethod
def default_parser_mappings(cls): View Source

    5131    @classmethod
    5132    def default_parser_mappings(cls):
    5133        return {name: cls.from_arg_list for name in cls.sql_names()}

key = 'func'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class AggFunc(Func): View Source

    5136class AggFunc(Func):
    5137    pass

key = 'aggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5140class ParameterizedAgg(AggFunc):
    5141    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'params': True}
key = 'parameterizedagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Abs(Func): View Source

    5144class Abs(Func):
    5145    pass

key = 'abs'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArgMax(AggFunc): View Source

    5148class ArgMax(AggFunc):
    5149    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    5150    _sql_names = ["ARG_MAX", "ARGMAX", "MAX_BY"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'count': False}
key = 'argmax'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArgMin(AggFunc): View Source

    5153class ArgMin(AggFunc):
    5154    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "count": False}
    5155    _sql_names = ["ARG_MIN", "ARGMIN", "MIN_BY"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'count': False}
key = 'argmin'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxTopK(AggFunc): View Source

    5158class ApproxTopK(AggFunc):
    5159    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "counters": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'counters': False}
key = 'approxtopk'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Flatten(Func): View Source

    5162class Flatten(Func):
    5163    pass

key = 'flatten'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Transform(Func): View Source

    5167class Transform(Func):
    5168    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'transform'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Anonymous(Func): View Source

    5171class Anonymous(Func):
    5172    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5173    is_var_len_args = True
    5174
    5175    @property
    5176    def name(self) -> str:
    5177        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
name: str View Source

    5175    @property
    5176    def name(self) -> str:
    5177        return self.this if isinstance(self.this, str) else self.this.name

key = 'anonymous'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc): View Source

    5180class AnonymousAggFunc(AggFunc):
    5181    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5182    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'anonymousaggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc): View Source

    5186class CombinedAggFunc(AnonymousAggFunc):
    5187    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "parts": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'parts': True}
key = 'combinedaggfunc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
AnonymousAggFunc
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg): View Source

    5190class CombinedParameterizedAgg(ParameterizedAgg):
    5191    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "params": True, "parts": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'params': True, 'parts': True}
key = 'combinedparameterizedagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Hll(AggFunc): View Source

    5196class Hll(AggFunc):
    5197    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5198    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'hll'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc): View Source

    5201class ApproxDistinct(AggFunc):
    5202    arg_types = {"this": True, "accuracy": False}
    5203    _sql_names = ["APPROX_DISTINCT", "APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'accuracy': False}
key = 'approxdistinct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Apply(Func): View Source

    5206class Apply(Func):
    5207    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'apply'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Array(Func): View Source

    5210class Array(Func):
    5211    arg_types = {"expressions": False, "bracket_notation": False}
    5212    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'bracket_notation': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'array'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToArray(Func): View Source

    5216class ToArray(Func):
    5217    pass

key = 'toarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class List(Func): View Source

    5221class List(Func):
    5222    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    5223    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'list'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Pad(Func): View Source

    5227class Pad(Func):
    5228    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "fill_pattern": False, "is_left": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'fill_pattern': False, 'is_left': True}
key = 'pad'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToChar(Func): View Source

    5233class ToChar(Func):
    5234    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "nlsparam": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'nlsparam': False}
key = 'tochar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToNumber(Func): View Source

    5239class ToNumber(Func):
    5240    arg_types = {
    5241        "this": True,
    5242        "format": False,
    5243        "nlsparam": False,
    5244        "precision": False,
    5245        "scale": False,
    5246    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'nlsparam': False, 'precision': False, 'scale': False}
key = 'tonumber'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToDouble(Func): View Source

    5250class ToDouble(Func):
    5251    arg_types = {
    5252        "this": True,
    5253        "format": False,
    5254    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False}
key = 'todouble'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Columns(Func): View Source

    5257class Columns(Func):
    5258    arg_types = {"this": True, "unpack": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unpack': False}
key = 'columns'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  load
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  isin
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  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Convert(Func): View Source

    5262class Convert(Func):
    5263    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "style": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'style': False}
key = 'convert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ConvertTimezone(Func): View Source

    5266class ConvertTimezone(Func):
    5267    arg_types = {"source_tz": False, "target_tz": True, "timestamp": True}

arg_types = {'source_tz': False, 'target_tz': True, 'timestamp': True}
key = 'converttimezone'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GenerateSeries(Func): View Source

    5270class GenerateSeries(Func):
    5271    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False, "is_end_exclusive": False}

arg_types = {'start': True, 'end': True, 'step': False, 'is_end_exclusive': False}
key = 'generateseries'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ExplodingGenerateSeries(GenerateSeries): View Source

    5277class ExplodingGenerateSeries(GenerateSeries):
    5278    pass

key = 'explodinggenerateseries'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
GenerateSeries
  arg_types
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5281class ArrayAgg(AggFunc):
    5282    arg_types = {"this": True, "nulls_excluded": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'nulls_excluded': False}
key = 'arrayagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5285class ArrayUniqueAgg(AggFunc):
    5286    pass

key = 'arrayuniqueagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAll(Func): View Source

    5289class ArrayAll(Func):
    5290    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayall'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayAny(Func): View Source

    5294class ArrayAny(Func):
    5295    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayany'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayConcat(Func): View Source

    5298class ArrayConcat(Func):
    5299    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONCAT", "ARRAY_CAT"]
    5300    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5301    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'arrayconcat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayConstructCompact(Func): View Source

    5304class ArrayConstructCompact(Func):
    5305    arg_types = {"expressions": True}
    5306    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'arrayconstructcompact'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayContains(Binary, Func): View Source

    5309class ArrayContains(Binary, Func):
    5310    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS", "ARRAY_HAS"]

key = 'arraycontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func): View Source

    5313class ArrayContainsAll(Binary, Func):
    5314    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL", "ARRAY_HAS_ALL"]

key = 'arraycontainsall'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayFilter(Func): View Source

    5317class ArrayFilter(Func):
    5318    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}
    5319    _sql_names = ["FILTER", "ARRAY_FILTER"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'arrayfilter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayToString(Func): View Source

    5322class ArrayToString(Func):
    5323    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    5324    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_TO_STRING", "ARRAY_JOIN"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'null': False}
key = 'arraytostring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class String(Func): View Source

    5328class String(Func):
    5329    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'string'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StringToArray(Func): View Source

    5332class StringToArray(Func):
    5333    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "null": False}
    5334    _sql_names = ["STRING_TO_ARRAY", "SPLIT_BY_STRING"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'null': False}
key = 'stringtoarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func): View Source

    5337class ArrayOverlaps(Binary, Func):
    5338    pass

key = 'arrayoverlaps'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySize(Func): View Source

    5341class ArraySize(Func):
    5342    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    5343    _sql_names = ["ARRAY_SIZE", "ARRAY_LENGTH"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySort(Func): View Source

    5346class ArraySort(Func):
    5347    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysort'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArraySum(Func): View Source

    5350class ArraySum(Func):
    5351    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'arraysum'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5354class ArrayUnionAgg(AggFunc):
    5355    pass

key = 'arrayunionagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Avg(AggFunc): View Source

    5358class Avg(AggFunc):
    5359    pass

key = 'avg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AnyValue(AggFunc): View Source

    5362class AnyValue(AggFunc):
    5363    pass

key = 'anyvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lag(AggFunc): View Source

    5366class Lag(AggFunc):
    5367    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': False, 'default': False}
key = 'lag'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lead(AggFunc): View Source

    5370class Lead(AggFunc):
    5371    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": False, "default": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': False, 'default': False}
key = 'lead'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class First(AggFunc): View Source

    5376class First(AggFunc):
    5377    pass

key = 'first'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Last(AggFunc): View Source

    5380class Last(AggFunc):
    5381    pass

key = 'last'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FirstValue(AggFunc): View Source

    5384class FirstValue(AggFunc):
    5385    pass

key = 'firstvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LastValue(AggFunc): View Source

    5388class LastValue(AggFunc):
    5389    pass

key = 'lastvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class NthValue(AggFunc): View Source

    5392class NthValue(AggFunc):
    5393    arg_types = {"this": True, "offset": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'offset': True}
key = 'nthvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Case(Func): View Source

    5396class Case(Func):
    5397    arg_types = {"this": False, "ifs": True, "default": False}
    5398
    5399    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5400        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5401        instance.append(
    5402            "ifs",
    5403            If(
    5404                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    5405                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    5406            ),
    5407        )
    5408        return instance
    5409
    5410    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5411        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5412        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    5413        return instance

arg_types = {'this': False, 'ifs': True, 'default': False}
def when( self, condition: Union[str, Expression], then: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    5399    def when(self, condition: ExpOrStr, then: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5400        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5401        instance.append(
    5402            "ifs",
    5403            If(
    5404                this=maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts),
    5405                true=maybe_parse(then, copy=copy, **opts),
    5406            ),
    5407        )
    5408        return instance

def else_( self, condition: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    5410    def else_(self, condition: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Case:
    5411        instance = maybe_copy(self, copy)
    5412        instance.set("default", maybe_parse(condition, copy=copy, **opts))
    5413        return instance

key = 'case'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Cast(Func): View Source

    5416class Cast(Func):
    5417    arg_types = {
    5418        "this": True,
    5419        "to": True,
    5420        "format": False,
    5421        "safe": False,
    5422        "action": False,
    5423    }
    5424
    5425    @property
    5426    def name(self) -> str:
    5427        return self.this.name
    5428
    5429    @property
    5430    def to(self) -> DataType:
    5431        return self.args["to"]
    5432
    5433    @property
    5434    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5435        return self.name
    5436
    5437    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    5438        """
    5439        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    5440        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    5441        array<int> != array<float>.
    5442
    5443        Args:
    5444            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    5445
    5446        Returns:
    5447            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    5448        """
    5449        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True, 'format': False, 'safe': False, 'action': False}
name: str View Source

    5425    @property
    5426    def name(self) -> str:
    5427        return self.this.name

to: DataType View Source

    5429    @property
    5430    def to(self) -> DataType:
    5431        return self.args["to"]

output_name: str View Source

    5433    @property
    5434    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5435        return self.name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

def is_type( self, *dtypes: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type]) -> bool: View Source

    5437    def is_type(self, *dtypes: DATA_TYPE) -> bool:
    5438        """
    5439        Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types
    5440        like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g.
    5441        array<int> != array<float>.
    5442
    5443        Args:
    5444            dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.
    5445
    5446        Returns:
    5447            True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.
    5448        """
    5449        return self.to.is_type(*dtypes)

Checks whether this Cast's DataType matches one of the provided data types. Nested types like arrays or structs will be compared using "structural equivalence" semantics, so e.g. array != array.

###### Arguments:

- dtypes: the data types to compare this Cast's DataType to.

###### Returns:

> True, if and only if there is a type in `dtypes` which is equal to this Cast's DataType.

key = 'cast'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
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Func
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  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TryCast(Cast): View Source

    5452class TryCast(Cast):
    5453    pass

key = 'trycast'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
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  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
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Cast
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  is_type
Func
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  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Try(Func): View Source

    5456class Try(Func):
    5457    pass

key = 'try'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
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  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
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  output_name
  type
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Func
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class CastToStrType(Func): View Source

    5460class CastToStrType(Func):
    5461    arg_types = {"this": True, "to": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'to': True}
key = 'casttostrtype'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
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  arg_key
  index
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  hashable_args
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  expression
  expressions
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  is_string
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  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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Func
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  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Collate(Binary, Func): View Source

    5464class Collate(Binary, Func):
    5465    pass

key = 'collate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
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  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  type
  is_type
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Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Ceil(Func): View Source

    5468class Ceil(Func):
    5469    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}
    5470    _sql_names = ["CEIL", "CEILING"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False}
key = 'ceil'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
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  hashable_args
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  is_string
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  output_name
  type
  is_type
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Func
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class Coalesce(Func): View Source

    5473class Coalesce(Func):
    5474    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False, "is_nvl": False}
    5475    is_var_len_args = True
    5476    _sql_names = ["COALESCE", "IFNULL", "NVL"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False, 'is_nvl': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'coalesce'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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Func
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class Chr(Func): View Source

    5479class Chr(Func):
    5480    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "charset": False}
    5481    is_var_len_args = True
    5482    _sql_names = ["CHR", "CHAR"]

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'charset': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'chr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
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  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  output_name
  type
  is_type
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Func
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class Concat(Func): View Source

    5485class Concat(Func):
    5486    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "safe": False, "coalesce": False}
    5487    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'safe': False, 'coalesce': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'concat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
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  parent
  arg_key
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  text
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  output_name
  type
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Func
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class ConcatWs(Concat): View Source

    5490class ConcatWs(Concat):
    5491    _sql_names = ["CONCAT_WS"]

key = 'concatws'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
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  hashable_args
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Concat
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  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Contains(Func): View Source

    5494class Contains(Func):
    5495    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'contains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
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  this
  expression
  expressions
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Func
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class ConnectByRoot(Func): View Source

    5499class ConnectByRoot(Func):
    5500    pass

key = 'connectbyroot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
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  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
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class Count(AggFunc): View Source

    5503class Count(AggFunc):
    5504    arg_types = {"this": False, "expressions": False, "big_int": False}
    5505    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expressions': False, 'big_int': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'count'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
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  hashable_args
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  expression
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  output_name
  type
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class CountIf(AggFunc): View Source

    5508class CountIf(AggFunc):
    5509    _sql_names = ["COUNT_IF", "COUNTIF"]

key = 'countif'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
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  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
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  text
  is_string
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  output_name
  type
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Func
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class Cbrt(Func): View Source

    5513class Cbrt(Func):
    5514    pass

key = 'cbrt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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class CurrentDate(Func): View Source

    5517class CurrentDate(Func):
    5518    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentdate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
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  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
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Func
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  from_arg_list
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class CurrentDatetime(Func): View Source

    5521class CurrentDatetime(Func):
    5522    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentdatetime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  alias
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  name
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  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
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  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentTime(Func): View Source

    5525class CurrentTime(Func):
    5526    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currenttime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
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  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
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  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentTimestamp(Func): View Source

    5529class CurrentTimestamp(Func):
    5530    arg_types = {"this": False, "sysdate": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'sysdate': False}
key = 'currenttimestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CurrentUser(Func): View Source

    5533class CurrentUser(Func):
    5534    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'currentuser'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5537class DateAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5538    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'dateadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5541class DateSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5542    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5545class DateDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5546    _sql_names = ["DATEDIFF", "DATE_DIFF"]
    5547    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateTrunc(Func): View Source

    5550class DateTrunc(Func):
    5551    arg_types = {"unit": True, "this": True, "zone": False}
    5552
    5553    def __init__(self, **args):
    5554        # Across most dialects it's safe to unabbreviate the unit (e.g. 'Q' -> 'QUARTER') except Oracle
    5555        # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/ROUND-and-TRUNC-Date-Functions.html
    5556        unabbreviate = args.pop("unabbreviate", True)
    5557
    5558        unit = args.get("unit")
    5559        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5560            unit_name = unit.name.upper()
    5561            if unabbreviate and unit_name in TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME:
    5562                unit_name = TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME[unit_name]
    5563
    5564            args["unit"] = Literal.string(unit_name)
    5565        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5566            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5567
    5568        super().__init__(**args)
    5569
    5570    @property
    5571    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5572        return self.args["unit"]

DateTrunc(**args) View Source

    5553    def __init__(self, **args):
    5554        # Across most dialects it's safe to unabbreviate the unit (e.g. 'Q' -> 'QUARTER') except Oracle
    5555        # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/ROUND-and-TRUNC-Date-Functions.html
    5556        unabbreviate = args.pop("unabbreviate", True)
    5557
    5558        unit = args.get("unit")
    5559        if isinstance(unit, TimeUnit.VAR_LIKE):
    5560            unit_name = unit.name.upper()
    5561            if unabbreviate and unit_name in TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME:
    5562                unit_name = TimeUnit.UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME[unit_name]
    5563
    5564            args["unit"] = Literal.string(unit_name)
    5565        elif isinstance(unit, Week):
    5566            unit.set("this", Literal.string(unit.this.name.upper()))
    5567
    5568        super().__init__(**args)

arg_types = {'unit': True, 'this': True, 'zone': False}
unit: Expression View Source

    5570    @property
    5571    def unit(self) -> Expression:
    5572        return self.args["unit"]

key = 'datetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Datetime(Func): View Source

    5577class Datetime(Func):
    5578    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'datetime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5581class DatetimeAdd(Func, IntervalOp):
    5582    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimeadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp): View Source

    5585class DatetimeSub(Func, IntervalOp):
    5586    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
IntervalOp
  interval
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5589class DatetimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5590    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'datetimediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5593class DatetimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5594    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'datetimetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DayOfWeek(Func): View Source

    5597class DayOfWeek(Func):
    5598    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_WEEK", "DAYOFWEEK"]

key = 'dayofweek'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DayOfWeekIso(Func): View Source

    5603class DayOfWeekIso(Func):
    5604    _sql_names = ["DAYOFWEEK_ISO", "ISODOW"]

key = 'dayofweekiso'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DayOfMonth(Func): View Source

    5607class DayOfMonth(Func):
    5608    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_MONTH", "DAYOFMONTH"]

key = 'dayofmonth'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DayOfYear(Func): View Source

    5611class DayOfYear(Func):
    5612    _sql_names = ["DAY_OF_YEAR", "DAYOFYEAR"]

key = 'dayofyear'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToDays(Func): View Source

    5615class ToDays(Func):
    5616    pass

key = 'todays'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class WeekOfYear(Func): View Source

    5619class WeekOfYear(Func):
    5620    _sql_names = ["WEEK_OF_YEAR", "WEEKOFYEAR"]

key = 'weekofyear'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MonthsBetween(Func): View Source

    5623class MonthsBetween(Func):
    5624    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "roundoff": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'roundoff': False}
key = 'monthsbetween'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MakeInterval(Func): View Source

    5627class MakeInterval(Func):
    5628    arg_types = {
    5629        "year": False,
    5630        "month": False,
    5631        "day": False,
    5632        "hour": False,
    5633        "minute": False,
    5634        "second": False,
    5635    }

arg_types = {'year': False, 'month': False, 'day': False, 'hour': False, 'minute': False, 'second': False}
key = 'makeinterval'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5638class LastDay(Func, TimeUnit):
    5639    _sql_names = ["LAST_DAY", "LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH"]
    5640    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'lastday'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Extract(Func): View Source

    5643class Extract(Func):
    5644    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'extract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Exists(Func, SubqueryPredicate): View Source

    5647class Exists(Func, SubqueryPredicate):
    5648    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'exists'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Timestamp(Func): View Source

    5651class Timestamp(Func):
    5652    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "with_tz": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'zone': False, 'with_tz': False}
key = 'timestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5655class TimestampAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5656    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5659class TimestampSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5660    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampsub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5663class TimestampDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5664    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMPDIFF", "TIMESTAMP_DIFF"]
    5665    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timestampdiff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5668class TimestampTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5669    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'timestamptrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5672class TimeAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    5673    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timeadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5676class TimeSub(Func, TimeUnit):
    5677    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timesub'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5680class TimeDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    5681    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'timediff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    5684class TimeTrunc(Func, TimeUnit):
    5685    arg_types = {"this": True, "unit": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'unit': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'timetrunc'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class DateFromParts(Func): View Source

    5688class DateFromParts(Func):
    5689    _sql_names = ["DATE_FROM_PARTS", "DATEFROMPARTS"]
    5690    arg_types = {"year": True, "month": True, "day": True}

arg_types = {'year': True, 'month': True, 'day': True}
key = 'datefromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeFromParts(Func): View Source

    5693class TimeFromParts(Func):
    5694    _sql_names = ["TIME_FROM_PARTS", "TIMEFROMPARTS"]
    5695    arg_types = {
    5696        "hour": True,
    5697        "min": True,
    5698        "sec": True,
    5699        "nano": False,
    5700        "fractions": False,
    5701        "precision": False,
    5702    }

arg_types = {'hour': True, 'min': True, 'sec': True, 'nano': False, 'fractions': False, 'precision': False}
key = 'timefromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateStrToDate(Func): View Source

    5705class DateStrToDate(Func):
    5706    pass

key = 'datestrtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateToDateStr(Func): View Source

    5709class DateToDateStr(Func):
    5710    pass

key = 'datetodatestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DateToDi(Func): View Source

    5713class DateToDi(Func):
    5714    pass

key = 'datetodi'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Date(Func): View Source

    5718class Date(Func):
    5719    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False, "expressions": False}
    5720    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': False, 'zone': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'date'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Day(Func): View Source

    5723class Day(Func):
    5724    pass

key = 'day'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Decode(Func): View Source

    5727class Decode(Func):
    5728    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True, "replace": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'charset': True, 'replace': False}
key = 'decode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class DiToDate(Func): View Source

    5731class DiToDate(Func):
    5732    pass

key = 'ditodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Encode(Func): View Source

    5735class Encode(Func):
    5736    arg_types = {"this": True, "charset": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'charset': True}
key = 'encode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Exp(Func): View Source

    5739class Exp(Func):
    5740    pass

key = 'exp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Explode(Func, UDTF): View Source

    5744class Explode(Func, UDTF):
    5745    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5746    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'explode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Inline(Func): View Source

    5750class Inline(Func):
    5751    pass

key = 'inline'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ExplodeOuter(Explode): View Source

    5754class ExplodeOuter(Explode):
    5755    pass

key = 'explodeouter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Posexplode(Explode): View Source

    5758class Posexplode(Explode):
    5759    pass

key = 'posexplode'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter): View Source

    5762class PosexplodeOuter(Posexplode, ExplodeOuter):
    5763    pass

key = 'posexplodeouter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Explode
  arg_types
  is_var_len_args
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
UDTF
  selects
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Unnest(Func, UDTF): View Source

    5766class Unnest(Func, UDTF):
    5767    arg_types = {
    5768        "expressions": True,
    5769        "alias": False,
    5770        "offset": False,
    5771        "explode_array": False,
    5772    }
    5773
    5774    @property
    5775    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5776        columns = super().selects
    5777        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    5778        if offset:
    5779            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    5780        return columns

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'alias': False, 'offset': False, 'explode_array': False}
selects: List[Expression] View Source

    5774    @property
    5775    def selects(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    5776        columns = super().selects
    5777        offset = self.args.get("offset")
    5778        if offset:
    5779            columns = columns + [to_identifier("offset") if offset is True else offset]
    5780        return columns

key = 'unnest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
DerivedTable
  named_selects

class Floor(Func): View Source

    5783class Floor(Func):
    5784    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False}
key = 'floor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FromBase64(Func): View Source

    5787class FromBase64(Func):
    5788    pass

key = 'frombase64'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FeaturesAtTime(Func): View Source

    5791class FeaturesAtTime(Func):
    5792    arg_types = {"this": True, "time": False, "num_rows": False, "ignore_feature_nulls": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'time': False, 'num_rows': False, 'ignore_feature_nulls': False}
key = 'featuresattime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToBase64(Func): View Source

    5795class ToBase64(Func):
    5796    pass

key = 'tobase64'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FromISO8601Timestamp(Func): View Source

    5800class FromISO8601Timestamp(Func):
    5801    _sql_names = ["FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP"]

key = 'fromiso8601timestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GapFill(Func): View Source

    5804class GapFill(Func):
    5805    arg_types = {
    5806        "this": True,
    5807        "ts_column": True,
    5808        "bucket_width": True,
    5809        "partitioning_columns": False,
    5810        "value_columns": False,
    5811        "origin": False,
    5812        "ignore_nulls": False,
    5813    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'ts_column': True, 'bucket_width': True, 'partitioning_columns': False, 'value_columns': False, 'origin': False, 'ignore_nulls': False}
key = 'gapfill'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GenerateDateArray(Func): View Source

    5817class GenerateDateArray(Func):
    5818    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": False}

arg_types = {'start': True, 'end': True, 'step': False}
key = 'generatedatearray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class GenerateTimestampArray(Func): View Source

    5822class GenerateTimestampArray(Func):
    5823    arg_types = {"start": True, "end": True, "step": True}

arg_types = {'start': True, 'end': True, 'step': True}
key = 'generatetimestamparray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Greatest(Func): View Source

    5826class Greatest(Func):
    5827    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    5828    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'greatest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class OverflowTruncateBehavior(Expression): View Source

    5833class OverflowTruncateBehavior(Expression):
    5834    arg_types = {"this": False, "with_count": True}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'with_count': True}
key = 'overflowtruncatebehavior'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class GroupConcat(AggFunc): View Source

    5837class GroupConcat(AggFunc):
    5838    arg_types = {"this": True, "separator": False, "on_overflow": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'separator': False, 'on_overflow': False}
key = 'groupconcat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Hex(Func): View Source

    5841class Hex(Func):
    5842    pass

key = 'hex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LowerHex(Hex): View Source

    5845class LowerHex(Hex):
    5846    pass

key = 'lowerhex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Xor(Connector, Func): View Source

    5849class Xor(Connector, Func):
    5850    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'xor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class If(Func): View Source

    5853class If(Func):
    5854    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}
    5855    _sql_names = ["IF", "IIF"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'true': True, 'false': False}
key = 'if'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Nullif(Func): View Source

    5858class Nullif(Func):
    5859    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'nullif'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Initcap(Func): View Source

    5862class Initcap(Func):
    5863    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'initcap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class IsNan(Func): View Source

    5866class IsNan(Func):
    5867    _sql_names = ["IS_NAN", "ISNAN"]

key = 'isnan'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Int64(Func): View Source

    5871class Int64(Func):
    5872    pass

key = 'int64'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class IsInf(Func): View Source

    5875class IsInf(Func):
    5876    _sql_names = ["IS_INF", "ISINF"]

key = 'isinf'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSON(Expression): View Source

    5880class JSON(Expression):
    5881    arg_types = {"this": False, "with": False, "unique": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'with': False, 'unique': False}
key = 'json'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPath(Expression): View Source

    5884class JSONPath(Expression):
    5885    arg_types = {"expressions": True, "escape": False}
    5886
    5887    @property
    5888    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5889        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5890        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'escape': False}
output_name: str View Source

    5887    @property
    5888    def output_name(self) -> str:
    5889        last_segment = self.expressions[-1].this
    5890        return last_segment if isinstance(last_segment, str) else ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonpath'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathPart(Expression): View Source

    5893class JSONPathPart(Expression):
    5894    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'jsonpathpart'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5897class JSONPathFilter(JSONPathPart):
    5898    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathfilter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5901class JSONPathKey(JSONPathPart):
    5902    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathkey'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5905class JSONPathRecursive(JSONPathPart):
    5906    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'jsonpathrecursive'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5909class JSONPathRoot(JSONPathPart):
    5910    pass

key = 'jsonpathroot'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
JSONPathPart
  arg_types

class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5913class JSONPathScript(JSONPathPart):
    5914    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathscript'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5917class JSONPathSlice(JSONPathPart):
    5918    arg_types = {"start": False, "end": False, "step": False}

arg_types = {'start': False, 'end': False, 'step': False}
key = 'jsonpathslice'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5921class JSONPathSelector(JSONPathPart):
    5922    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathselector'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5925class JSONPathSubscript(JSONPathPart):
    5926    arg_types = {"this": True}

arg_types = {'this': True}
key = 'jsonpathsubscript'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5929class JSONPathUnion(JSONPathPart):
    5930    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'jsonpathunion'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart): View Source

    5933class JSONPathWildcard(JSONPathPart):
    5934    pass

key = 'jsonpathwildcard'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
JSONPathPart
  arg_types

class FormatJson(Expression): View Source

    5937class FormatJson(Expression):
    5938    pass

key = 'formatjson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONKeyValue(Expression): View Source

    5941class JSONKeyValue(Expression):
    5942    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'jsonkeyvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONObject(Func): View Source

    5945class JSONObject(Func):
    5946    arg_types = {
    5947        "expressions": False,
    5948        "null_handling": False,
    5949        "unique_keys": False,
    5950        "return_type": False,
    5951        "encoding": False,
    5952    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'null_handling': False, 'unique_keys': False, 'return_type': False, 'encoding': False}
key = 'jsonobject'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc): View Source

    5955class JSONObjectAgg(AggFunc):
    5956    arg_types = {
    5957        "expressions": False,
    5958        "null_handling": False,
    5959        "unique_keys": False,
    5960        "return_type": False,
    5961        "encoding": False,
    5962    }

arg_types = {'expressions': False, 'null_handling': False, 'unique_keys': False, 'return_type': False, 'encoding': False}
key = 'jsonobjectagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArray(Func): View Source

    5966class JSONArray(Func):
    5967    arg_types = {
    5968        "expressions": True,
    5969        "null_handling": False,
    5970        "return_type": False,
    5971        "strict": False,
    5972    }

arg_types = {'expressions': True, 'null_handling': False, 'return_type': False, 'strict': False}
key = 'jsonarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArrayAgg(Func): View Source

    5976class JSONArrayAgg(Func):
    5977    arg_types = {
    5978        "this": True,
    5979        "order": False,
    5980        "null_handling": False,
    5981        "return_type": False,
    5982        "strict": False,
    5983    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'order': False, 'null_handling': False, 'return_type': False, 'strict': False}
key = 'jsonarrayagg'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONExists(Func): View Source

    5986class JSONExists(Func):
    5987    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": True, "passing": False, "on_condition": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'path': True, 'passing': False, 'on_condition': False}
key = 'jsonexists'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    5992class JSONColumnDef(Expression):
    5993    arg_types = {"this": False, "kind": False, "path": False, "nested_schema": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'kind': False, 'path': False, 'nested_schema': False}
key = 'jsoncolumndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONSchema(Expression): View Source

    5996class JSONSchema(Expression):
    5997    arg_types = {"expressions": True}

arg_types = {'expressions': True}
key = 'jsonschema'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONValue(Expression): View Source

    6001class JSONValue(Expression):
    6002    arg_types = {
    6003        "this": True,
    6004        "path": True,
    6005        "returning": False,
    6006        "on_condition": False,
    6007    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'path': True, 'returning': False, 'on_condition': False}
key = 'jsonvalue'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class JSONValueArray(Func): View Source

    6010class JSONValueArray(Func):
    6011    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'jsonvaluearray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONTable(Func): View Source

    6015class JSONTable(Func):
    6016    arg_types = {
    6017        "this": True,
    6018        "schema": True,
    6019        "path": False,
    6020        "error_handling": False,
    6021        "empty_handling": False,
    6022    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'schema': True, 'path': False, 'error_handling': False, 'empty_handling': False}
key = 'jsontable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ObjectInsert(Func): View Source

    6026class ObjectInsert(Func):
    6027    arg_types = {
    6028        "this": True,
    6029        "key": True,
    6030        "value": True,
    6031        "update_flag": False,
    6032    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'key': True, 'value': True, 'update_flag': False}
key = 'objectinsert'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression): View Source

    6035class OpenJSONColumnDef(Expression):
    6036    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": True, "path": False, "as_json": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': True, 'path': False, 'as_json': False}
key = 'openjsoncolumndef'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class OpenJSON(Func): View Source

    6039class OpenJSON(Func):
    6040    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": False, "expressions": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'path': False, 'expressions': False}
key = 'openjson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBContains(Binary, Func): View Source

    6043class JSONBContains(Binary, Func):
    6044    _sql_names = ["JSONB_CONTAINS"]

key = 'jsonbcontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBExists(Func): View Source

    6047class JSONBExists(Func):
    6048    arg_types = {"this": True, "path": True}
    6049    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXISTS"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'path': True}
key = 'jsonbexists'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONExtract(Binary, Func): View Source

    6052class JSONExtract(Binary, Func):
    6053    arg_types = {
    6054        "this": True,
    6055        "expression": True,
    6056        "only_json_types": False,
    6057        "expressions": False,
    6058        "variant_extract": False,
    6059        "json_query": False,
    6060        "option": False,
    6061    }
    6062    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT"]
    6063    is_var_len_args = True
    6064
    6065    @property
    6066    def output_name(self) -> str:
    6067        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'only_json_types': False, 'expressions': False, 'variant_extract': False, 'json_query': False, 'option': False}
is_var_len_args = True
output_name: str View Source

    6065    @property
    6066    def output_name(self) -> str:
    6067        return self.expression.output_name if not self.expressions else ""

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONExtractArray(Func): View Source

    6070class JSONExtractArray(Func):
    6071    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}
    6072    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'jsonextractarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func): View Source

    6075class JSONExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    6076    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "only_json_types": False, "expressions": False}
    6077    _sql_names = ["JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]
    6078    is_var_len_args = True
    6079
    6080    @property
    6081    def output_name(self) -> str:
    6082        return self.expression.output_name

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'only_json_types': False, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
output_name: str View Source

    6080    @property
    6081    def output_name(self) -> str:
    6082        return self.expression.output_name

Name of the output column if this expression is a selection.

If the Expression has no output name, an empty string is returned.

###### Example:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT a")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'a'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT b AS c")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     'c'
>     >>> parse_one("SELECT 1 + 2")sqlglot.expressions[0].output_name
>     ''

key = 'jsonextractscalar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func): View Source

    6085class JSONBExtract(Binary, Func):
    6086    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT"]

key = 'jsonbextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func): View Source

    6089class JSONBExtractScalar(Binary, Func):
    6090    _sql_names = ["JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR"]

key = 'jsonbextractscalar'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONFormat(Func): View Source

    6093class JSONFormat(Func):
    6094    arg_types = {"this": False, "options": False}
    6095    _sql_names = ["JSON_FORMAT"]

arg_types = {'this': False, 'options': False}
key = 'jsonformat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func): View Source

    6099class JSONArrayContains(Binary, Predicate, Func):
    6100    _sql_names = ["JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS"]

key = 'jsonarraycontains'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ParseJSON(Func): View Source

    6103class ParseJSON(Func):
    6104    # BigQuery, Snowflake have PARSE_JSON, Presto has JSON_PARSE
    6105    # Snowflake also has TRY_PARSE_JSON, which is represented using `safe`
    6106    _sql_names = ["PARSE_JSON", "JSON_PARSE"]
    6107    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'parsejson'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Least(Func): View Source

    6110class Least(Func):
    6111    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    6112    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'least'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Left(Func): View Source

    6115class Left(Func):
    6116    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'left'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Right(Func): View Source

    6119class Right(Func):
    6120    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'right'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Length(Func): View Source

    6123class Length(Func):
    6124    arg_types = {"this": True, "binary": False}
    6125    _sql_names = ["LENGTH", "LEN"]

arg_types = {'this': True, 'binary': False}
key = 'length'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Levenshtein(Func): View Source

    6128class Levenshtein(Func):
    6129    arg_types = {
    6130        "this": True,
    6131        "expression": False,
    6132        "ins_cost": False,
    6133        "del_cost": False,
    6134        "sub_cost": False,
    6135        "max_dist": False,
    6136    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'ins_cost': False, 'del_cost': False, 'sub_cost': False, 'max_dist': False}
key = 'levenshtein'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Ln(Func): View Source

    6139class Ln(Func):
    6140    pass

key = 'ln'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  isin
  between
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  ilike
  eq
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Log(Func): View Source

    6143class Log(Func):
    6144    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'log'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LogicalOr(AggFunc): View Source

    6147class LogicalOr(AggFunc):
    6148    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_OR", "BOOL_OR", "BOOLOR_AGG"]

key = 'logicalor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  isin
  between
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  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class LogicalAnd(AggFunc): View Source

    6151class LogicalAnd(AggFunc):
    6152    _sql_names = ["LOGICAL_AND", "BOOL_AND", "BOOLAND_AGG"]

key = 'logicaland'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  rlike
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  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Lower(Func): View Source

    6155class Lower(Func):
    6156    _sql_names = ["LOWER", "LCASE"]

key = 'lower'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Map(Func): View Source

    6159class Map(Func):
    6160    arg_types = {"keys": False, "values": False}
    6161
    6162    @property
    6163    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6164        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    6165        return keys.expressions if keys else []
    6166
    6167    @property
    6168    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6169        values = self.args.get("values")
    6170        return values.expressions if values else []

arg_types = {'keys': False, 'values': False}
keys: List[Expression] View Source

    6162    @property
    6163    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6164        keys = self.args.get("keys")
    6165        return keys.expressions if keys else []

values: List[Expression] View Source

    6167    @property
    6168    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6169        values = self.args.get("values")
    6170        return values.expressions if values else []

key = 'map'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ToMap(Func): View Source

    6174class ToMap(Func):
    6175    pass

key = 'tomap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MapFromEntries(Func): View Source

    6178class MapFromEntries(Func):
    6179    pass

key = 'mapfromentries'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ScopeResolution(Expression): View Source

    6183class ScopeResolution(Expression):
    6184    arg_types = {"this": False, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'expression': True}
key = 'scoperesolution'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Stream(Expression): View Source

    6187class Stream(Expression):
    6188    pass

key = 'stream'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class StarMap(Func): View Source

    6191class StarMap(Func):
    6192    pass

key = 'starmap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class VarMap(Func): View Source

    6195class VarMap(Func):
    6196    arg_types = {"keys": True, "values": True}
    6197    is_var_len_args = True
    6198
    6199    @property
    6200    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6201        return self.args["keys"].expressions
    6202
    6203    @property
    6204    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6205        return self.args["values"].expressions

arg_types = {'keys': True, 'values': True}
is_var_len_args = True
keys: List[Expression] View Source

    6199    @property
    6200    def keys(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6201        return self.args["keys"].expressions

values: List[Expression] View Source

    6203    @property
    6204    def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
    6205        return self.args["values"].expressions

key = 'varmap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MatchAgainst(Func): View Source

    6209class MatchAgainst(Func):
    6210    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "modifier": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'modifier': False}
key = 'matchagainst'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Max(AggFunc): View Source

    6213class Max(AggFunc):
    6214    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    6215    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'max'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MD5(Func): View Source

    6218class MD5(Func):
    6219    _sql_names = ["MD5"]

key = 'md5'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class MD5Digest(Func): View Source

    6223class MD5Digest(Func):
    6224    _sql_names = ["MD5_DIGEST"]

key = 'md5digest'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Median(AggFunc): View Source

    6227class Median(AggFunc):
    6228    pass

key = 'median'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Min(AggFunc): View Source

    6231class Min(AggFunc):
    6232    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}
    6233    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'min'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Month(Func): View Source

    6236class Month(Func):
    6237    pass

key = 'month'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class AddMonths(Func): View Source

    6240class AddMonths(Func):
    6241    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'addmonths'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Nvl2(Func): View Source

    6244class Nvl2(Func):
    6245    arg_types = {"this": True, "true": True, "false": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'true': True, 'false': False}
key = 'nvl2'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Normalize(Func): View Source

    6248class Normalize(Func):
    6249    arg_types = {"this": True, "form": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'form': False}
key = 'normalize'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Overlay(Func): View Source

    6252class Overlay(Func):
    6253    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "from": True, "for": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'from': True, 'for': False}
key = 'overlay'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Predict(Func): View Source

    6257class Predict(Func):
    6258    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "params_struct": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'params_struct': False}
key = 'predict'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Pow(Binary, Func): View Source

    6261class Pow(Binary, Func):
    6262    _sql_names = ["POWER", "POW"]

key = 'pow'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class PercentileCont(AggFunc): View Source

    6265class PercentileCont(AggFunc):
    6266    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'percentilecont'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class PercentileDisc(AggFunc): View Source

    6269class PercentileDisc(AggFunc):
    6270    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'percentiledisc'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Quantile(AggFunc): View Source

    6273class Quantile(AggFunc):
    6274    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quantile': True}
key = 'quantile'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ApproxQuantile(Quantile): View Source

    6277class ApproxQuantile(Quantile):
    6278    arg_types = {"this": True, "quantile": True, "accuracy": False, "weight": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'quantile': True, 'accuracy': False, 'weight': False}
key = 'approxquantile'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Quarter(Func): View Source

    6281class Quarter(Func):
    6282    pass

key = 'quarter'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Rand(Func): View Source

    6287class Rand(Func):
    6288    _sql_names = ["RAND", "RANDOM"]
    6289    arg_types = {"this": False, "lower": False, "upper": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'lower': False, 'upper': False}
key = 'rand'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Randn(Func): View Source

    6292class Randn(Func):
    6293    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'randn'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RangeN(Func): View Source

    6296class RangeN(Func):
    6297    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": True, "each": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': True, 'each': False}
key = 'rangen'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class ReadCSV(Func): View Source

    6300class ReadCSV(Func):
    6301    _sql_names = ["READ_CSV"]
    6302    is_var_len_args = True
    6303    arg_types = {"this": True, "expressions": False}

is_var_len_args = True
arg_types = {'this': True, 'expressions': False}
key = 'readcsv'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Reduce(Func): View Source

    6306class Reduce(Func):
    6307    arg_types = {"this": True, "initial": True, "merge": True, "finish": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'initial': True, 'merge': True, 'finish': False}
key = 'reduce'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpExtract(Func): View Source

    6310class RegexpExtract(Func):
    6311    arg_types = {
    6312        "this": True,
    6313        "expression": True,
    6314        "position": False,
    6315        "occurrence": False,
    6316        "parameters": False,
    6317        "group": False,
    6318    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'position': False, 'occurrence': False, 'parameters': False, 'group': False}
key = 'regexpextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpExtractAll(Func): View Source

    6321class RegexpExtractAll(Func):
    6322    arg_types = {
    6323        "this": True,
    6324        "expression": True,
    6325        "position": False,
    6326        "occurrence": False,
    6327        "parameters": False,
    6328        "group": False,
    6329    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'position': False, 'occurrence': False, 'parameters': False, 'group': False}
key = 'regexpextractall'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpReplace(Func): View Source

    6332class RegexpReplace(Func):
    6333    arg_types = {
    6334        "this": True,
    6335        "expression": True,
    6336        "replacement": False,
    6337        "position": False,
    6338        "occurrence": False,
    6339        "modifiers": False,
    6340    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'replacement': False, 'position': False, 'occurrence': False, 'modifiers': False}
key = 'regexpreplace'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpLike(Binary, Func): View Source

    6343class RegexpLike(Binary, Func):
    6344    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'flag': False}
key = 'regexplike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpILike(Binary, Func): View Source

    6347class RegexpILike(Binary, Func):
    6348    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "flag": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'flag': False}
key = 'regexpilike'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RegexpSplit(Func): View Source

    6353class RegexpSplit(Func):
    6354    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'limit': False}
key = 'regexpsplit'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Repeat(Func): View Source

    6357class Repeat(Func):
    6358    arg_types = {"this": True, "times": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'times': True}
key = 'repeat'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Round(Func): View Source

    6363class Round(Func):
    6364    arg_types = {"this": True, "decimals": False, "truncate": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'decimals': False, 'truncate': False}
key = 'round'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class RowNumber(Func): View Source

    6367class RowNumber(Func):
    6368    arg_types = {"this": False}

arg_types = {'this': False}
key = 'rownumber'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SafeDivide(Func): View Source

    6371class SafeDivide(Func):
    6372    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'safedivide'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SHA(Func): View Source

    6375class SHA(Func):
    6376    _sql_names = ["SHA", "SHA1"]

key = 'sha'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SHA2(Func): View Source

    6379class SHA2(Func):
    6380    _sql_names = ["SHA2"]
    6381    arg_types = {"this": True, "length": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'length': False}
key = 'sha2'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sign(Func): View Source

    6384class Sign(Func):
    6385    _sql_names = ["SIGN", "SIGNUM"]

key = 'sign'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SortArray(Func): View Source

    6388class SortArray(Func):
    6389    arg_types = {"this": True, "asc": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'asc': False}
key = 'sortarray'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Split(Func): View Source

    6392class Split(Func):
    6393    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "limit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'limit': False}
key = 'split'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class SplitPart(Func): View Source

    6397class SplitPart(Func):
    6398    arg_types = {"this": True, "delimiter": True, "part_index": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'delimiter': True, 'part_index': True}
key = 'splitpart'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Substring(Func): View Source

    6403class Substring(Func):
    6404    _sql_names = ["SUBSTRING", "SUBSTR"]
    6405    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": False, "length": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'start': False, 'length': False}
key = 'substring'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StandardHash(Func): View Source

    6408class StandardHash(Func):
    6409    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False}
key = 'standardhash'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StartsWith(Func): View Source

    6412class StartsWith(Func):
    6413    _sql_names = ["STARTS_WITH", "STARTSWITH"]
    6414    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'startswith'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrPosition(Func): View Source

    6417class StrPosition(Func):
    6418    arg_types = {
    6419        "this": True,
    6420        "substr": True,
    6421        "position": False,
    6422        "instance": False,
    6423    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'substr': True, 'position': False, 'instance': False}
key = 'strposition'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToDate(Func): View Source

    6426class StrToDate(Func):
    6427    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'strtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToTime(Func): View Source

    6430class StrToTime(Func):
    6431    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "zone": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'zone': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'strtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToUnix(Func): View Source

    6436class StrToUnix(Func):
    6437    arg_types = {"this": False, "format": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'format': False}
key = 'strtounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StrToMap(Func): View Source

    6442class StrToMap(Func):
    6443    arg_types = {
    6444        "this": True,
    6445        "pair_delim": False,
    6446        "key_value_delim": False,
    6447        "duplicate_resolution_callback": False,
    6448    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'pair_delim': False, 'key_value_delim': False, 'duplicate_resolution_callback': False}
key = 'strtomap'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class NumberToStr(Func): View Source

    6451class NumberToStr(Func):
    6452    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'culture': False}
key = 'numbertostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class FromBase(Func): View Source

    6455class FromBase(Func):
    6456    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'frombase'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Struct(Func): View Source

    6459class Struct(Func):
    6460    arg_types = {"expressions": False}
    6461    is_var_len_args = True

arg_types = {'expressions': False}
is_var_len_args = True
key = 'struct'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StructExtract(Func): View Source

    6464class StructExtract(Func):
    6465    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'structextract'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Stuff(Func): View Source

    6470class Stuff(Func):
    6471    _sql_names = ["STUFF", "INSERT"]
    6472    arg_types = {"this": True, "start": True, "length": True, "expression": True}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'start': True, 'length': True, 'expression': True}
key = 'stuff'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sum(AggFunc): View Source

    6475class Sum(AggFunc):
    6476    pass

key = 'sum'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Sqrt(Func): View Source

    6479class Sqrt(Func):
    6480    pass

key = 'sqrt'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Stddev(AggFunc): View Source

    6483class Stddev(AggFunc):
    6484    _sql_names = ["STDDEV", "STDEV"]

key = 'stddev'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StddevPop(AggFunc): View Source

    6487class StddevPop(AggFunc):
    6488    pass

key = 'stddevpop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class StddevSamp(AggFunc): View Source

    6491class StddevSamp(AggFunc):
    6492    pass

key = 'stddevsamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Time(Func): View Source

    6496class Time(Func):
    6497    arg_types = {"this": False, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'zone': False}
key = 'time'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToStr(Func): View Source

    6500class TimeToStr(Func):
    6501    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": True, "culture": False, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': True, 'culture': False, 'zone': False}
key = 'timetostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToTimeStr(Func): View Source

    6504class TimeToTimeStr(Func):
    6505    pass

key = 'timetotimestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeToUnix(Func): View Source

    6508class TimeToUnix(Func):
    6509    pass

key = 'timetounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToDate(Func): View Source

    6512class TimeStrToDate(Func):
    6513    pass

key = 'timestrtodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToTime(Func): View Source

    6516class TimeStrToTime(Func):
    6517    arg_types = {"this": True, "zone": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'zone': False}
key = 'timestrtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimeStrToUnix(Func): View Source

    6520class TimeStrToUnix(Func):
    6521    pass

key = 'timestrtounix'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Trim(Func): View Source

    6524class Trim(Func):
    6525    arg_types = {
    6526        "this": True,
    6527        "expression": False,
    6528        "position": False,
    6529        "collation": False,
    6530    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': False, 'position': False, 'collation': False}
key = 'trim'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    6533class TsOrDsAdd(Func, TimeUnit):
    6534    # return_type is used to correctly cast the arguments of this expression when transpiling it
    6535    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False, "return_type": False}
    6536
    6537    @property
    6538    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    6539        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False, 'return_type': False}
return_type: DataType View Source

    6537    @property
    6538    def return_type(self) -> DataType:
    6539        return DataType.build(self.args.get("return_type") or DataType.Type.DATE)

key = 'tsordsadd'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit): View Source

    6542class TsOrDsDiff(Func, TimeUnit):
    6543    arg_types = {"this": True, "expression": True, "unit": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'expression': True, 'unit': False}
key = 'tsordsdiff'

##### Inherited Members

TimeUnit
  TimeUnit
  UNABBREVIATED_UNIT_NAME
  VAR_LIKE
  unit
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings
Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func): View Source

    6546class TsOrDsToDateStr(Func):
    6547    pass

key = 'tsordstodatestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToDate(Func): View Source

    6550class TsOrDsToDate(Func):
    6551    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False, "safe": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False, 'safe': False}
key = 'tsordstodate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToDatetime(Func): View Source

    6554class TsOrDsToDatetime(Func):
    6555    pass

key = 'tsordstodatetime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToTime(Func): View Source

    6558class TsOrDsToTime(Func):
    6559    pass

key = 'tsordstotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func): View Source

    6562class TsOrDsToTimestamp(Func):
    6563    pass

key = 'tsordstotimestamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TsOrDiToDi(Func): View Source

    6566class TsOrDiToDi(Func):
    6567    pass

key = 'tsorditodi'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Unhex(Func): View Source

    6570class Unhex(Func):
    6571    pass

key = 'unhex'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixDate(Func): View Source

    6575class UnixDate(Func):
    6576    pass

key = 'unixdate'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToStr(Func): View Source

    6579class UnixToStr(Func):
    6580    arg_types = {"this": True, "format": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'format': False}
key = 'unixtostr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToTime(Func): View Source

    6585class UnixToTime(Func):
    6586    arg_types = {
    6587        "this": True,
    6588        "scale": False,
    6589        "zone": False,
    6590        "hours": False,
    6591        "minutes": False,
    6592        "format": False,
    6593    }
    6594
    6595    SECONDS = Literal.number(0)
    6596    DECIS = Literal.number(1)
    6597    CENTIS = Literal.number(2)
    6598    MILLIS = Literal.number(3)
    6599    DECIMILLIS = Literal.number(4)
    6600    CENTIMILLIS = Literal.number(5)
    6601    MICROS = Literal.number(6)
    6602    DECIMICROS = Literal.number(7)
    6603    CENTIMICROS = Literal.number(8)
    6604    NANOS = Literal.number(9)

arg_types = {'this': True, 'scale': False, 'zone': False, 'hours': False, 'minutes': False, 'format': False}
SECONDS = Literal(this=0, is_string=False)
DECIS = Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
CENTIS = Literal(this=2, is_string=False)
MILLIS = Literal(this=3, is_string=False)
DECIMILLIS = Literal(this=4, is_string=False)
CENTIMILLIS = Literal(this=5, is_string=False)
MICROS = Literal(this=6, is_string=False)
DECIMICROS = Literal(this=7, is_string=False)
CENTIMICROS = Literal(this=8, is_string=False)
NANOS = Literal(this=9, is_string=False)
key = 'unixtotime'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixToTimeStr(Func): View Source

    6607class UnixToTimeStr(Func):
    6608    pass

key = 'unixtotimestr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class UnixSeconds(Func): View Source

    6611class UnixSeconds(Func):
    6612    pass

key = 'unixseconds'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
  replace
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  load
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  asc
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Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Uuid(Func): View Source

    6615class Uuid(Func):
    6616    _sql_names = ["UUID", "GEN_RANDOM_UUID", "GENERATE_UUID", "UUID_STRING"]
    6617
    6618    arg_types = {"this": False, "name": False}

arg_types = {'this': False, 'name': False}
key = 'uuid'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
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  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
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Func
  is_var_len_args
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  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class TimestampFromParts(Func): View Source

    6621class TimestampFromParts(Func):
    6622    _sql_names = ["TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS"]
    6623    arg_types = {
    6624        "year": True,
    6625        "month": True,
    6626        "day": True,
    6627        "hour": True,
    6628        "min": True,
    6629        "sec": True,
    6630        "nano": False,
    6631        "zone": False,
    6632        "milli": False,
    6633    }

arg_types = {'year': True, 'month': True, 'day': True, 'hour': True, 'min': True, 'sec': True, 'nano': False, 'zone': False, 'milli': False}
key = 'timestampfromparts'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  isin
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  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Upper(Func): View Source

    6636class Upper(Func):
    6637    _sql_names = ["UPPER", "UCASE"]

key = 'upper'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Corr(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    6640class Corr(Binary, AggFunc):
    6641    pass

key = 'corr'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Variance(AggFunc): View Source

    6644class Variance(AggFunc):
    6645    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE", "VARIANCE_SAMP", "VAR_SAMP"]

key = 'variance'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class VariancePop(AggFunc): View Source

    6648class VariancePop(AggFunc):
    6649    _sql_names = ["VARIANCE_POP", "VAR_POP"]

key = 'variancepop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
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  like
  ilike
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  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    6652class CovarSamp(Binary, AggFunc):
    6653    pass

key = 'covarsamp'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
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  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc): View Source

    6656class CovarPop(Binary, AggFunc):
    6657    pass

key = 'covarpop'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Binary
  arg_types
  left
  right
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Week(Func): View Source

    6660class Week(Func):
    6661    arg_types = {"this": True, "mode": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'mode': False}
key = 'week'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
  not_
  as_
  isin
  between
  is_
  like
  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class XMLTable(Func): View Source

    6664class XMLTable(Func):
    6665    arg_types = {"this": True, "passing": False, "columns": False, "by_ref": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'passing': False, 'columns': False, 'by_ref': False}
key = 'xmltable'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
  between
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Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Year(Func): View Source

    6668class Year(Func):
    6669    pass

key = 'year'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  arg_types
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
  and_
  or_
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  isin
  between
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  ilike
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  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc
Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Use(Expression): View Source

    6672class Use(Expression):
    6673    arg_types = {"this": True, "kind": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'kind': False}
key = 'use'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
  is_
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  ilike
  eq
  neq
  rlike
  div
  asc
  desc

class Merge(DML): View Source

    6676class Merge(DML):
    6677    arg_types = {
    6678        "this": True,
    6679        "using": True,
    6680        "on": True,
    6681        "expressions": True,
    6682        "with": False,
    6683        "returning": False,
    6684    }

arg_types = {'this': True, 'using': True, 'on': True, 'expressions': True, 'with': False, 'returning': False}
key = 'merge'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  isin
  between
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  rlike
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DML
  returning

class When(Func): View Source

    6687class When(Func):
    6688    arg_types = {"matched": True, "source": False, "condition": False, "then": True}

arg_types = {'matched': True, 'source': False, 'condition': False, 'then': True}
key = 'when'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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Func
  is_var_len_args
  from_arg_list
  sql_names
  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class NextValueFor(Func): View Source

    6693class NextValueFor(Func):
    6694    arg_types = {"this": True, "order": False}

arg_types = {'this': True, 'order': False}
key = 'nextvaluefor'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
  error_messages
  dump
  load
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  or_
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  as_
  isin
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Func
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  from_arg_list
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  sql_name
  default_parser_mappings

class Semicolon(Expression): View Source

    6699class Semicolon(Expression):
    6700    arg_types = {}

arg_types = {}
key = 'semicolon'

##### Inherited Members

Expression
  Expression
  args
  parent
  arg_key
  index
  comments
  hashable_args
  this
  expression
  expressions
  text
  is_string
  is_number
  to_py
  is_int
  is_star
  alias
  alias_column_names
  name
  alias_or_name
  output_name
  type
  is_type
  is_leaf
  meta
  copy
  add_comments
  pop_comments
  append
  set
  depth
  iter_expressions
  find
  find_all
  find_ancestor
  parent_select
  same_parent
  root
  walk
  dfs
  bfs
  unnest
  unalias
  unnest_operands
  flatten
  to_s
  sql
  transform
  replace
  pop
  assert_is
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  dump
  load
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  isin
  between
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  like
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  neq
  rlike
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  asc
  desc

ALL_FUNCTIONS = [<class 'Abs'>, <class 'AddMonths'>, <class 'AnonymousAggFunc'>, <class 'AnyValue'>, <class 'Apply'>, <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, <class 'ApproxQuantile'>, <class 'ApproxTopK'>, <class 'ArgMax'>, <class 'ArgMin'>, <class 'Array'>, <class 'ArrayAgg'>, <class 'ArrayAll'>, <class 'ArrayAny'>, <class 'ArrayConcat'>, <class 'ArrayConstructCompact'>, <class 'ArrayContains'>, <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, <class 'ArrayFilter'>, <class 'ArrayOverlaps'>, <class 'ArraySize'>, <class 'ArraySort'>, <class 'ArraySum'>, <class 'ArrayToString'>, <class 'ArrayUnionAgg'>, <class 'ArrayUniqueAgg'>, <class 'Avg'>, <class 'Case'>, <class 'Cast'>, <class 'CastToStrType'>, <class 'Cbrt'>, <class 'Ceil'>, <class 'Chr'>, <class 'Coalesce'>, <class 'Collate'>, <class 'Columns'>, <class 'CombinedAggFunc'>, <class 'CombinedParameterizedAgg'>, <class 'Concat'>, <class 'ConcatWs'>, <class 'ConnectByRoot'>, <class 'Contains'>, <class 'Convert'>, <class 'ConvertTimezone'>, <class 'Corr'>, <class 'Count'>, <class 'CountIf'>, <class 'CovarPop'>, <class 'CovarSamp'>, <class 'CurrentDate'>, <class 'CurrentDatetime'>, <class 'CurrentTime'>, <class 'CurrentTimestamp'>, <class 'CurrentUser'>, <class 'Date'>, <class 'DateAdd'>, <class 'DateDiff'>, <class 'DateFromParts'>, <class 'DateStrToDate'>, <class 'DateSub'>, <class 'DateToDateStr'>, <class 'DateToDi'>, <class 'DateTrunc'>, <class 'Datetime'>, <class 'DatetimeAdd'>, <class 'DatetimeDiff'>, <class 'DatetimeSub'>, <class 'DatetimeTrunc'>, <class 'Day'>, <class 'DayOfMonth'>, <class 'DayOfWeek'>, <class 'DayOfWeekIso'>, <class 'DayOfYear'>, <class 'Decode'>, <class 'DiToDate'>, <class 'Encode'>, <class 'Exists'>, <class 'Exp'>, <class 'Explode'>, <class 'ExplodeOuter'>, <class 'ExplodingGenerateSeries'>, <class 'Extract'>, <class 'FeaturesAtTime'>, <class 'First'>, <class 'FirstValue'>, <class 'Flatten'>, <class 'Floor'>, <class 'FromBase'>, <class 'FromBase64'>, <class 'FromISO8601Timestamp'>, <class 'GapFill'>, <class 'GenerateDateArray'>, <class 'GenerateSeries'>, <class 'GenerateTimestampArray'>, <class 'Greatest'>, <class 'GroupConcat'>, <class 'Hex'>, <class 'Hll'>, <class 'If'>, <class 'Initcap'>, <class 'Inline'>, <class 'Int64'>, <class 'IsInf'>, <class 'IsNan'>, <class 'JSONArray'>, <class 'JSONArrayAgg'>, <class 'JSONArrayContains'>, <class 'JSONBContains'>, <class 'JSONBExists'>, <class 'JSONBExtract'>, <class 'JSONBExtractScalar'>, <class 'JSONExists'>, <class 'JSONExtract'>, <class 'JSONExtractArray'>, <class 'JSONExtractScalar'>, <class 'JSONFormat'>, <class 'JSONObject'>, <class 'JSONObjectAgg'>, <class 'JSONTable'>, <class 'JSONValueArray'>, <class 'Lag'>, <class 'Last'>, <class 'LastDay'>, <class 'LastValue'>, <class 'Lead'>, <class 'Least'>, <class 'Left'>, <class 'Length'>, <class 'Levenshtein'>, <class 'List'>, <class 'Ln'>, <class 'Log'>, <class 'LogicalAnd'>, <class 'LogicalOr'>, <class 'Lower'>, <class 'LowerHex'>, <class 'MD5'>, <class 'MD5Digest'>, <class 'MakeInterval'>, <class 'Map'>, <class 'MapFromEntries'>, <class 'MatchAgainst'>, <class 'Max'>, <class 'Median'>, <class 'Min'>, <class 'Month'>, <class 'MonthsBetween'>, <class 'NextValueFor'>, <class 'Normalize'>, <class 'NthValue'>, <class 'Nullif'>, <class 'NumberToStr'>, <class 'Nvl2'>, <class 'ObjectInsert'>, <class 'OpenJSON'>, <class 'Overlay'>, <class 'Pad'>, <class 'ParameterizedAgg'>, <class 'ParseJSON'>, <class 'PercentileCont'>, <class 'PercentileDisc'>, <class 'Posexplode'>, <class 'PosexplodeOuter'>, <class 'Pow'>, <class 'Predict'>, <class 'Quantile'>, <class 'Quarter'>, <class 'Rand'>, <class 'Randn'>, <class 'RangeN'>, <class 'ReadCSV'>, <class 'Reduce'>, <class 'RegexpExtract'>, <class 'RegexpExtractAll'>, <class 'RegexpILike'>, <class 'RegexpLike'>, <class 'RegexpReplace'>, <class 'RegexpSplit'>, <class 'Repeat'>, <class 'Right'>, <class 'Round'>, <class 'RowNumber'>, <class 'SHA'>, <class 'SHA2'>, <class 'SafeDivide'>, <class 'Sign'>, <class 'SortArray'>, <class 'Split'>, <class 'SplitPart'>, <class 'Sqrt'>, <class 'StandardHash'>, <class 'StarMap'>, <class 'StartsWith'>, <class 'Stddev'>, <class 'StddevPop'>, <class 'StddevSamp'>, <class 'StrPosition'>, <class 'StrToDate'>, <class 'StrToMap'>, <class 'StrToTime'>, <class 'StrToUnix'>, <class 'String'>, <class 'StringToArray'>, <class 'Struct'>, <class 'StructExtract'>, <class 'Stuff'>, <class 'Substring'>, <class 'Sum'>, <class 'Time'>, <class 'TimeAdd'>, <class 'TimeDiff'>, <class 'TimeFromParts'>, <class 'TimeStrToDate'>, <class 'TimeStrToTime'>, <class 'TimeStrToUnix'>, <class 'TimeSub'>, <class 'TimeToStr'>, <class 'TimeToTimeStr'>, <class 'TimeToUnix'>, <class 'TimeTrunc'>, <class 'Timestamp'>, <class 'TimestampAdd'>, <class 'TimestampDiff'>, <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, <class 'TimestampSub'>, <class 'TimestampTrunc'>, <class 'ToArray'>, <class 'ToBase64'>, <class 'ToChar'>, <class 'ToDays'>, <class 'ToDouble'>, <class 'ToMap'>, <class 'ToNumber'>, <class 'Transform'>, <class 'Trim'>, <class 'Try'>, <class 'TryCast'>, <class 'TsOrDiToDi'>, <class 'TsOrDsAdd'>, <class 'TsOrDsDiff'>, <class 'TsOrDsToDate'>, <class 'TsOrDsToDateStr'>, <class 'TsOrDsToDatetime'>, <class 'TsOrDsToTime'>, <class 'TsOrDsToTimestamp'>, <class 'Unhex'>, <class 'UnixDate'>, <class 'UnixSeconds'>, <class 'UnixToStr'>, <class 'UnixToTime'>, <class 'UnixToTimeStr'>, <class 'Unnest'>, <class 'Upper'>, <class 'Uuid'>, <class 'VarMap'>, <class 'Variance'>, <class 'VariancePop'>, <class 'Week'>, <class 'WeekOfYear'>, <class 'When'>, <class 'XMLTable'>, <class 'Xor'>, <class 'Year'>]
FUNCTION_BY_NAME = {'ABS': <class 'Abs'>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <class 'AddMonths'>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <class 'AnonymousAggFunc'>, 'ANY_VALUE': <class 'AnyValue'>, 'APPLY': <class 'Apply'>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <class 'ApproxDistinct'>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <class 'ApproxQuantile'>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <class 'ApproxTopK'>, 'ARG_MAX': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'ARGMAX': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'MAX_BY': <class 'ArgMax'>, 'ARG_MIN': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'ARGMIN': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'MIN_BY': <class 'ArgMin'>, 'ARRAY': <class 'Array'>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <class 'ArrayAgg'>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <class 'ArrayAll'>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <class 'ArrayAny'>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <class 'ArrayConcat'>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <class 'ArrayConcat'>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <class 'ArrayConstructCompact'>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <class 'ArrayContains'>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <class 'ArrayContains'>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <class 'ArrayContainsAll'>, 'FILTER': <class 'ArrayFilter'>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <class 'ArrayFilter'>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <class 'ArrayOverlaps'>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <class 'ArraySize'>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <class 'ArraySize'>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <class 'ArraySort'>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <class 'ArraySum'>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <class 'ArrayToString'>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <class 'ArrayToString'>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <class 'ArrayUnionAgg'>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <class 'ArrayUniqueAgg'>, 'AVG': <class 'Avg'>, 'CASE': <class 'Case'>, 'CAST': <class 'Cast'>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <class 'CastToStrType'>, 'CBRT': <class 'Cbrt'>, 'CEIL': <class 'Ceil'>, 'CEILING': <class 'Ceil'>, 'CHR': <class 'Chr'>, 'CHAR': <class 'Chr'>, 'COALESCE': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'IFNULL': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'NVL': <class 'Coalesce'>, 'COLLATE': <class 'Collate'>, 'COLUMNS': <class 'Columns'>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <class 'CombinedAggFunc'>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <class 'CombinedParameterizedAgg'>, 'CONCAT': <class 'Concat'>, 'CONCAT_WS': <class 'ConcatWs'>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <class 'ConnectByRoot'>, 'CONTAINS': <class 'Contains'>, 'CONVERT': <class 'Convert'>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <class 'ConvertTimezone'>, 'CORR': <class 'Corr'>, 'COUNT': <class 'Count'>, 'COUNT_IF': <class 'CountIf'>, 'COUNTIF': <class 'CountIf'>, 'COVAR_POP': <class 'CovarPop'>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <class 'CovarSamp'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <class 'CurrentDate'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <class 'CurrentDatetime'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <class 'CurrentTime'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <class 'CurrentTimestamp'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <class 'CurrentUser'>, 'DATE': <class 'Date'>, 'DATE_ADD': <class 'DateAdd'>, 'DATEDIFF': <class 'DateDiff'>, 'DATE_DIFF': <class 'DateDiff'>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <class 'DateFromParts'>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <class 'DateFromParts'>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <class 'DateStrToDate'>, 'DATE_SUB': <class 'DateSub'>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <class 'DateToDateStr'>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <class 'DateToDi'>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <class 'DateTrunc'>, 'DATETIME': <class 'Datetime'>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <class 'DatetimeAdd'>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <class 'DatetimeDiff'>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <class 'DatetimeSub'>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <class 'DatetimeTrunc'>, 'DAY': <class 'Day'>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <class 'DayOfMonth'>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <class 'DayOfMonth'>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <class 'DayOfWeek'>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <class 'DayOfWeek'>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <class 'DayOfWeekIso'>, 'ISODOW': <class 'DayOfWeekIso'>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <class 'DayOfYear'>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <class 'DayOfYear'>, 'DECODE': <class 'Decode'>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <class 'DiToDate'>, 'ENCODE': <class 'Encode'>, 'EXISTS': <class 'Exists'>, 'EXP': <class 'Exp'>, 'EXPLODE': <class 'Explode'>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <class 'ExplodeOuter'>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <class 'ExplodingGenerateSeries'>, 'EXTRACT': <class 'Extract'>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <class 'FeaturesAtTime'>, 'FIRST': <class 'First'>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <class 'FirstValue'>, 'FLATTEN': <class 'Flatten'>, 'FLOOR': <class 'Floor'>, 'FROM_BASE': <class 'FromBase'>, 'FROM_BASE64': <class 'FromBase64'>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <class 'FromISO8601Timestamp'>, 'GAP_FILL': <class 'GapFill'>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <class 'GenerateDateArray'>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <class 'GenerateSeries'>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <class 'GenerateTimestampArray'>, 'GREATEST': <class 'Greatest'>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <class 'GroupConcat'>, 'HEX': <class 'Hex'>, 'HLL': <class 'Hll'>, 'IF': <class 'If'>, 'IIF': <class 'If'>, 'INITCAP': <class 'Initcap'>, 'INLINE': <class 'Inline'>, 'INT64': <class 'Int64'>, 'IS_INF': <class 'IsInf'>, 'ISINF': <class 'IsInf'>, 'IS_NAN': <class 'IsNan'>, 'ISNAN': <class 'IsNan'>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <class 'JSONArray'>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <class 'JSONArrayAgg'>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <class 'JSONArrayContains'>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <class 'JSONBContains'>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <class 'JSONBExists'>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <class 'JSONBExtract'>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <class 'JSONBExtractScalar'>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <class 'JSONExists'>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <class 'JSONExtract'>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <class 'JSONExtractArray'>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <class 'JSONExtractScalar'>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <class 'JSONFormat'>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <class 'JSONObject'>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <class 'JSONObjectAgg'>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <class 'JSONTable'>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <class 'JSONValueArray'>, 'LAG': <class 'Lag'>, 'LAST': <class 'Last'>, 'LAST_DAY': <class 'LastDay'>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <class 'LastDay'>, 'LAST_VALUE': <class 'LastValue'>, 'LEAD': <class 'Lead'>, 'LEAST': <class 'Least'>, 'LEFT': <class 'Left'>, 'LENGTH': <class 'Length'>, 'LEN': <class 'Length'>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <class 'Levenshtein'>, 'LIST': <class 'List'>, 'LN': <class 'Ln'>, 'LOG': <class 'Log'>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'BOOL_AND': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <class 'LogicalAnd'>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'BOOL_OR': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <class 'LogicalOr'>, 'LOWER': <class 'Lower'>, 'LCASE': <class 'Lower'>, 'LOWER_HEX': <class 'LowerHex'>, 'MD5': <class 'MD5'>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <class 'MD5Digest'>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <class 'MakeInterval'>, 'MAP': <class 'Map'>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <class 'MapFromEntries'>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <class 'MatchAgainst'>, 'MAX': <class 'Max'>, 'MEDIAN': <class 'Median'>, 'MIN': <class 'Min'>, 'MONTH': <class 'Month'>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <class 'MonthsBetween'>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <class 'NextValueFor'>, 'NORMALIZE': <class 'Normalize'>, 'NTH_VALUE': <class 'NthValue'>, 'NULLIF': <class 'Nullif'>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <class 'NumberToStr'>, 'NVL2': <class 'Nvl2'>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <class 'ObjectInsert'>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <class 'OpenJSON'>, 'OVERLAY': <class 'Overlay'>, 'PAD': <class 'Pad'>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <class 'ParameterizedAgg'>, 'PARSE_JSON': <class 'ParseJSON'>, 'JSON_PARSE': <class 'ParseJSON'>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <class 'PercentileCont'>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <class 'PercentileDisc'>, 'POSEXPLODE': <class 'Posexplode'>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <class 'PosexplodeOuter'>, 'POWER': <class 'Pow'>, 'POW': <class 'Pow'>, 'PREDICT': <class 'Predict'>, 'QUANTILE': <class 'Quantile'>, 'QUARTER': <class 'Quarter'>, 'RAND': <class 'Rand'>, 'RANDOM': <class 'Rand'>, 'RANDN': <class 'Randn'>, 'RANGE_N': <class 'RangeN'>, 'READ_CSV': <class 'ReadCSV'>, 'REDUCE': <class 'Reduce'>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <class 'RegexpExtract'>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <class 'RegexpExtractAll'>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <class 'RegexpILike'>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <class 'RegexpLike'>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <class 'RegexpReplace'>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <class 'RegexpSplit'>, 'REPEAT': <class 'Repeat'>, 'RIGHT': <class 'Right'>, 'ROUND': <class 'Round'>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <class 'RowNumber'>, 'SHA': <class 'SHA'>, 'SHA1': <class 'SHA'>, 'SHA2': <class 'SHA2'>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <class 'SafeDivide'>, 'SIGN': <class 'Sign'>, 'SIGNUM': <class 'Sign'>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <class 'SortArray'>, 'SPLIT': <class 'Split'>, 'SPLIT_PART': <class 'SplitPart'>, 'SQRT': <class 'Sqrt'>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <class 'StandardHash'>, 'STAR_MAP': <class 'StarMap'>, 'STARTS_WITH': <class 'StartsWith'>, 'STARTSWITH': <class 'StartsWith'>, 'STDDEV': <class 'Stddev'>, 'STDEV': <class 'Stddev'>, 'STDDEV_POP': <class 'StddevPop'>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <class 'StddevSamp'>, 'STR_POSITION': <class 'StrPosition'>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <class 'StrToDate'>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <class 'StrToMap'>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <class 'StrToTime'>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <class 'StrToUnix'>, 'STRING': <class 'String'>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <class 'StringToArray'>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <class 'StringToArray'>, 'STRUCT': <class 'Struct'>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <class 'StructExtract'>, 'STUFF': <class 'Stuff'>, 'INSERT': <class 'Stuff'>, 'SUBSTRING': <class 'Substring'>, 'SUBSTR': <class 'Substring'>, 'SUM': <class 'Sum'>, 'TIME': <class 'Time'>, 'TIME_ADD': <class 'TimeAdd'>, 'TIME_DIFF': <class 'TimeDiff'>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <class 'TimeFromParts'>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <class 'TimeFromParts'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <class 'TimeStrToDate'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <class 'TimeStrToTime'>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <class 'TimeStrToUnix'>, 'TIME_SUB': <class 'TimeSub'>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <class 'TimeToStr'>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <class 'TimeToTimeStr'>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <class 'TimeToUnix'>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <class 'TimeTrunc'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <class 'Timestamp'>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <class 'TimestampAdd'>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <class 'TimestampDiff'>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <class 'TimestampDiff'>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <class 'TimestampFromParts'>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <class 'TimestampSub'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <class 'TimestampTrunc'>, 'TO_ARRAY': <class 'ToArray'>, 'TO_BASE64': <class 'ToBase64'>, 'TO_CHAR': <class 'ToChar'>, 'TO_DAYS': <class 'ToDays'>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <class 'ToDouble'>, 'TO_MAP': <class 'ToMap'>, 'TO_NUMBER': <class 'ToNumber'>, 'TRANSFORM': <class 'Transform'>, 'TRIM': <class 'Trim'>, 'TRY': <class 'Try'>, 'TRY_CAST': <class 'TryCast'>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <class 'TsOrDiToDi'>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <class 'TsOrDsAdd'>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <class 'TsOrDsDiff'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <class 'TsOrDsToDate'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <class 'TsOrDsToDateStr'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <class 'TsOrDsToDatetime'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <class 'TsOrDsToTime'>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <class 'TsOrDsToTimestamp'>, 'UNHEX': <class 'Unhex'>, 'UNIX_DATE': <class 'UnixDate'>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <class 'UnixSeconds'>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <class 'UnixToStr'>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <class 'UnixToTime'>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <class 'UnixToTimeStr'>, 'UNNEST': <class 'Unnest'>, 'UPPER': <class 'Upper'>, 'UCASE': <class 'Upper'>, 'UUID': <class 'Uuid'>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <class 'Uuid'>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <class 'Uuid'>, 'UUID_STRING': <class 'Uuid'>, 'VAR_MAP': <class 'VarMap'>, 'VARIANCE': <class 'Variance'>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <class 'Variance'>, 'VAR_SAMP': <class 'Variance'>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <class 'VariancePop'>, 'VAR_POP': <class 'VariancePop'>, 'WEEK': <class 'Week'>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <class 'WeekOfYear'>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <class 'WeekOfYear'>, 'WHEN': <class 'When'>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <class 'XMLTable'>, 'XOR': <class 'Xor'>, 'YEAR': <class 'Year'>}
JSON_PATH_PARTS = [<class 'JSONPathFilter'>, <class 'JSONPathKey'>, <class 'JSONPathRecursive'>, <class 'JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'JSONPathScript'>, <class 'JSONPathSelector'>, <class 'JSONPathSlice'>, <class 'JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'JSONPathUnion'>, <class 'JSONPathWildcard'>]
PERCENTILES = (<class 'PercentileCont'>, <class 'PercentileDisc'>)
def maybe_parse( sql_or_expression: Union[str, Expression], *, into: Union[str, Type[Expression], Collection[Union[str, Type[Expression]]], NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, prefix: Optional[str] = None, copy: bool = False, **opts) -> Expression: View Source

    6740def maybe_parse(
    6741    sql_or_expression: ExpOrStr,
    6742    *,
    6743    into: t.Optional[IntoType] = None,
    6744    dialect: DialectType = None,
    6745    prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
    6746    copy: bool = False,
    6747    **opts,
    6748) -> Expression:
    6749    """Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.
    6750
    6751    Example:
    6752        >>> maybe_parse("1")
    6753        Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
    6754        >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
    6755        Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)
    6756
    6757    Args:
    6758        sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
    6759        into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
    6760        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    6761            input expression is a SQL string).
    6762        prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed
    6763            (automatically includes a space)
    6764        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    6765        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    6766            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    6767
    6768    Returns:
    6769        Expression: the parsed or given expression.
    6770    """
    6771    if isinstance(sql_or_expression, Expression):
    6772        if copy:
    6773            return sql_or_expression.copy()
    6774        return sql_or_expression
    6775
    6776    if sql_or_expression is None:
    6777        raise ParseError("SQL cannot be None")
    6778
    6779    import sqlglot
    6780
    6781    sql = str(sql_or_expression)
    6782    if prefix:
    6783        sql = f"{prefix} {sql}"
    6784
    6785    return sqlglot.parse_one(sql, read=dialect, into=into, **opts)

Gracefully handle a possible string or expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> maybe_parse("1")
>     Literal(this=1, is_string=False)
>     >>> maybe_parse(to_identifier("x"))
>     Identifier(this=x, quoted=False)

###### Arguments:

- sql_or_expression: the SQL code string or an expression
- into: the SQLGlot Expression to parse into
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).
- prefix: a string to prefix the sql with before it gets parsed (automatically includes a space)
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Expression: the parsed or given expression.

def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True): View Source

    6796def maybe_copy(instance, copy=True):
    6797    return instance.copy() if copy and instance else instance

def union( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Union: View Source

    7041def union(
    7042    *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    7043    distinct: bool = True,
    7044    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7045    copy: bool = True,
    7046    **opts,
    7047) -> Union:
    7048    """
    7049    Initializes a syntax tree for the `UNION` operation.
    7050
    7051    Example:
    7052        >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    7053        'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'
    7054
    7055    Args:
    7056        expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `UNION`'s operands.
    7057            If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    7058        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    7059        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7060        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7061        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7062
    7063    Returns:
    7064        The new Union instance.
    7065    """
    7066    assert len(expressions) >= 2, "At least two expressions are required by `union`."
    7067    return _apply_set_operation(
    7068        *expressions, set_operation=Union, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    7069    )

Initializes a syntax tree for the `UNION` operation.

###### Example:

>     >>> union("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo UNION SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `UNION`'s operands. If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Union instance.

def intersect( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Intersect: View Source

    7072def intersect(
    7073    *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    7074    distinct: bool = True,
    7075    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7076    copy: bool = True,
    7077    **opts,
    7078) -> Intersect:
    7079    """
    7080    Initializes a syntax tree for the `INTERSECT` operation.
    7081
    7082    Example:
    7083        >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    7084        'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'
    7085
    7086    Args:
    7087        expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `INTERSECT`'s operands.
    7088            If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    7089        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    7090        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7091        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7092        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7093
    7094    Returns:
    7095        The new Intersect instance.
    7096    """
    7097    assert len(expressions) >= 2, "At least two expressions are required by `intersect`."
    7098    return _apply_set_operation(
    7099        *expressions, set_operation=Intersect, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    7100    )

Initializes a syntax tree for the `INTERSECT` operation.

###### Example:

>     >>> intersect("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo INTERSECT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `INTERSECT`'s operands. If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Intersect instance.

def except_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], distinct: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Except: View Source

    7103def except_(
    7104    *expressions: ExpOrStr,
    7105    distinct: bool = True,
    7106    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7107    copy: bool = True,
    7108    **opts,
    7109) -> Except:
    7110    """
    7111    Initializes a syntax tree for the `EXCEPT` operation.
    7112
    7113    Example:
    7114        >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
    7115        'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'
    7116
    7117    Args:
    7118        expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `EXCEPT`'s operands.
    7119            If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
    7120        distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
    7121        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7122        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7123        opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7124
    7125    Returns:
    7126        The new Except instance.
    7127    """
    7128    assert len(expressions) >= 2, "At least two expressions are required by `except_`."
    7129    return _apply_set_operation(
    7130        *expressions, set_operation=Except, distinct=distinct, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts
    7131    )

Initializes a syntax tree for the `EXCEPT` operation.

###### Example:

>     >>> except_("SELECT * FROM foo", "SELECT * FROM bla").sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM foo EXCEPT SELECT * FROM bla'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the SQL code strings, corresponding to the `EXCEPT`'s operands. If `Expression` instances are passed, they will be used as-is.
- distinct: set the DISTINCT flag if and only if this is true.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new Except instance.

def select( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    7134def select(*expressions: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    7135    """
    7136    Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.
    7137
    7138    Example:
    7139        >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
    7140        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    7141
    7142    Args:
    7143        *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a
    7144            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7145        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an
    7146            input expression is a SQL string).
    7147        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    7148            that an input expression is a SQL string).
    7149
    7150    Returns:
    7151        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    7152    """
    7153    return Select().select(*expressions, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Initializes a syntax tree from one or multiple SELECT expressions.

###### Example:

>     >>> select("col1", "col2").from_("tbl").sql()
>     'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code string to parse as the expressions of a SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions (in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that an input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.

def from_( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    7156def from_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts) -> Select:
    7157    """
    7158    Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.
    7159
    7160    Example:
    7161        >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
    7162        'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'
    7163
    7164    Args:
    7165        *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a
    7166            SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7167        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    7168            input expression is a SQL string).
    7169        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    7170            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    7171
    7172    Returns:
    7173        Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.
    7174    """
    7175    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Initializes a syntax tree from a FROM expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> from_("tbl").select("col1", "col2").sql()
>     'SELECT col1, col2 FROM tbl'

###### Arguments:

- *expression: the SQL code string to parse as the FROM expressions of a SELECT statement. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> Select: the syntax tree for the SELECT statement.

def update( table: str | Table, properties: Optional[dict] = None, where: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, from_: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, with_: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, Expression]]] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Update: View Source

    7178def update(
    7179    table: str | Table,
    7180    properties: t.Optional[dict] = None,
    7181    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7182    from_: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7183    with_: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, ExpOrStr]] = None,
    7184    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7185    **opts,
    7186) -> Update:
    7187    """
    7188    Creates an update statement.
    7189
    7190    Example:
    7191        >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz_cte", where="baz_cte.id > 1 and my_table.id = baz_cte.id", with_={"baz_cte": "SELECT id FROM foo"}).sql()
    7192        "WITH baz_cte AS (SELECT id FROM foo) UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz_cte WHERE baz_cte.id > 1 AND my_table.id = baz_cte.id"
    7193
    7194    Args:
    7195        properties: dictionary of properties to SET which are
    7196            auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
    7197        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    7198        from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
    7199        with_: dictionary of CTE aliases / select statements to include in a WITH clause.
    7200        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    7201        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7202
    7203    Returns:
    7204        Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.
    7205    """
    7206    update_expr = Update(this=maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect))
    7207    if properties:
    7208        update_expr.set(
    7209            "expressions",
    7210            [
    7211                EQ(this=maybe_parse(k, dialect=dialect, **opts), expression=convert(v))
    7212                for k, v in properties.items()
    7213            ],
    7214        )
    7215    if from_:
    7216        update_expr.set(
    7217            "from",
    7218            maybe_parse(from_, into=From, dialect=dialect, prefix="FROM", **opts),
    7219        )
    7220    if isinstance(where, Condition):
    7221        where = Where(this=where)
    7222    if where:
    7223        update_expr.set(
    7224            "where",
    7225            maybe_parse(where, into=Where, dialect=dialect, prefix="WHERE", **opts),
    7226        )
    7227    if with_:
    7228        cte_list = [
    7229            alias_(CTE(this=maybe_parse(qry, dialect=dialect, **opts)), alias, table=True)
    7230            for alias, qry in with_.items()
    7231        ]
    7232        update_expr.set(
    7233            "with",
    7234            With(expressions=cte_list),
    7235        )
    7236    return update_expr

Creates an update statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> update("my_table", {"x": 1, "y": "2", "z": None}, from_="baz_cte", where="baz_cte.id > 1 and my_table.id = baz_cte.id", with_={"baz_cte": "SELECT id FROM foo"}).sql()
>     "WITH baz_cte AS (SELECT id FROM foo) UPDATE my_table SET x = 1, y = '2', z = NULL FROM baz_cte WHERE baz_cte.id > 1 AND my_table.id = baz_cte.id"

###### Arguments:

- properties: dictionary of properties to SET which are auto converted to sql objects eg None -> NULL
- where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
- from_: sql statement parsed into a FROM statement
- with_: dictionary of CTE aliases / select statements to include in a WITH clause.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Update: the syntax tree for the UPDATE statement.

def delete( table: Union[str, Expression], where: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, returning: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Delete: View Source

    7239def delete(
    7240    table: ExpOrStr,
    7241    where: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7242    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7243    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7244    **opts,
    7245) -> Delete:
    7246    """
    7247    Builds a delete statement.
    7248
    7249    Example:
    7250        >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
    7251        'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'
    7252
    7253    Args:
    7254        where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
    7255        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    7256        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    7257        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7258
    7259    Returns:
    7260        Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.
    7261    """
    7262    delete_expr = Delete().delete(table, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7263    if where:
    7264        delete_expr = delete_expr.where(where, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7265    if returning:
    7266        delete_expr = delete_expr.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7267    return delete_expr

Builds a delete statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> delete("my_table", where="id > 1").sql()
>     'DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id > 1'

###### Arguments:

- where: sql conditional parsed into a WHERE statement
- returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Delete: the syntax tree for the DELETE statement.

def insert( expression: Union[str, Expression], into: Union[str, Expression], columns: Optional[Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None, overwrite: Optional[bool] = None, returning: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Insert: View Source

    7270def insert(
    7271    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7272    into: ExpOrStr,
    7273    columns: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str | Identifier]] = None,
    7274    overwrite: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7275    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7276    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7277    copy: bool = True,
    7278    **opts,
    7279) -> Insert:
    7280    """
    7281    Builds an INSERT statement.
    7282
    7283    Example:
    7284        >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
    7285        'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'
    7286
    7287    Args:
    7288        expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
    7289        into: the tbl to insert data to.
    7290        columns: optionally the table's column names.
    7291        overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
    7292        returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
    7293        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    7294        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    7295        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7296
    7297    Returns:
    7298        Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.
    7299    """
    7300    expr = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7301    this: Table | Schema = maybe_parse(into, into=Table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7302
    7303    if columns:
    7304        this = Schema(this=this, expressions=[to_identifier(c, copy=copy) for c in columns])
    7305
    7306    insert = Insert(this=this, expression=expr, overwrite=overwrite)
    7307
    7308    if returning:
    7309        insert = insert.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7310
    7311    return insert

Builds an INSERT statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> insert("VALUES (1, 2, 3)", "tbl").sql()
>     'INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (1, 2, 3)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the sql string or expression of the INSERT statement
- into: the tbl to insert data to.
- columns: optionally the table's column names.
- overwrite: whether to INSERT OVERWRITE or not.
- returning: sql conditional parsed into a RETURNING statement
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Insert: the syntax tree for the INSERT statement.

def merge( *when_exprs: Union[str, Expression], into: Union[str, Expression], using: Union[str, Expression], on: Union[str, Expression], returning: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Merge: View Source

    7314def merge(
    7315    *when_exprs: ExpOrStr,
    7316    into: ExpOrStr,
    7317    using: ExpOrStr,
    7318    on: ExpOrStr,
    7319    returning: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    7320    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7321    copy: bool = True,
    7322    **opts,
    7323) -> Merge:
    7324    """
    7325    Builds a MERGE statement.
    7326
    7327    Example:
    7328        >>> merge("WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1",
    7329        ...       "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)",
    7330        ...       into="my_table",
    7331        ...       using="source_table",
    7332        ...       on="my_table.id = source_table.id").sql()
    7333        'MERGE INTO my_table USING source_table ON my_table.id = source_table.id WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)'
    7334
    7335    Args:
    7336        *when_exprs: The WHEN clauses specifying actions for matched and unmatched rows.
    7337        into: The target table to merge data into.
    7338        using: The source table to merge data from.
    7339        on: The join condition for the merge.
    7340        returning: The columns to return from the merge.
    7341        dialect: The dialect used to parse the input expressions.
    7342        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    7343        **opts: Other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7344
    7345    Returns:
    7346        Merge: The syntax tree for the MERGE statement.
    7347    """
    7348    merge = Merge(
    7349        this=maybe_parse(into, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    7350        using=maybe_parse(using, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    7351        on=maybe_parse(on, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts),
    7352        expressions=[
    7353            maybe_parse(when_expr, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, into=When, **opts)
    7354            for when_expr in when_exprs
    7355        ],
    7356    )
    7357    if returning:
    7358        merge = merge.returning(returning, dialect=dialect, copy=False, **opts)
    7359
    7360    return merge

Builds a MERGE statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> merge("WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1",
>     ...       "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)",
>     ...       into="my_table",
>     ...       using="source_table",
>     ...       on="my_table.id = source_table.id").sql()
>     'MERGE INTO my_table USING source_table ON my_table.id = source_table.id WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET col1 = source_table.col1 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (col1) VALUES (source_table.col1)'

###### Arguments:

- *when_exprs: The WHEN clauses specifying actions for matched and unmatched rows.
- into: The target table to merge data into.
- using: The source table to merge data from.
- on: The join condition for the merge.
- returning: The columns to return from the merge.
- dialect: The dialect used to parse the input expressions.
- copy: Whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: Other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Merge: The syntax tree for the MERGE statement.

def condition( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    7363def condition(
    7364    expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts
    7365) -> Condition:
    7366    """
    7367    Initialize a logical condition expression.
    7368
    7369    Example:
    7370        >>> condition("x=1").sql()
    7371        'x = 1'
    7372
    7373        This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:
    7374        >>> where = condition("x=1")
    7375        >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
    7376        >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
    7377        'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'
    7378
    7379    Args:
    7380        *expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7381            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7382        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the
    7383            input expression is a SQL string).
    7384        copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
    7385        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case
    7386            that the input expression is a SQL string).
    7387
    7388    Returns:
    7389        The new Condition instance
    7390    """
    7391    return maybe_parse(
    7392        expression,
    7393        into=Condition,
    7394        dialect=dialect,
    7395        copy=copy,
    7396        **opts,
    7397    )

Initialize a logical condition expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> condition("x=1").sql()
>     'x = 1'

> This is helpful for composing larger logical syntax trees:

>     >>> where = condition("x=1")
>     >>> where = where.and_("y=1")
>     >>> Select().from_("tbl").select("*").where(where).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE x = 1 AND y = 1'

###### Arguments:

- *expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression (in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).
- copy: Whether to copy `expression` (only applies to expressions).
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions (again, in the case that the input expression is a SQL string).

###### Returns:

> The new Condition instance

def and_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, wrap: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    7400def and_(
    7401    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    7402    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7403    copy: bool = True,
    7404    wrap: bool = True,
    7405    **opts,
    7406) -> Condition:
    7407    """
    7408    Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.
    7409
    7410    Example:
    7411        >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7412        'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'
    7413
    7414    Args:
    7415        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7416            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7417        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7418        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7419        wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
    7420            precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
    7421            causes recursion-related issues.
    7422        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7423
    7424    Returns:
    7425        The new condition
    7426    """
    7427    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, And, dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an AND logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> and_("x=1", and_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 AND (y = 1 AND z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and causes recursion-related issues.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def or_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, wrap: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    7430def or_(
    7431    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    7432    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7433    copy: bool = True,
    7434    wrap: bool = True,
    7435    **opts,
    7436) -> Condition:
    7437    """
    7438    Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.
    7439
    7440    Example:
    7441        >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7442        'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'
    7443
    7444    Args:
    7445        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7446            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7447        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7448        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7449        wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
    7450            precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
    7451            causes recursion-related issues.
    7452        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7453
    7454    Returns:
    7455        The new condition
    7456    """
    7457    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Or, dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an OR logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> or_("x=1", or_("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 OR (y = 1 OR z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and causes recursion-related issues.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def xor( *expressions: Union[str, Expression, NoneType], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, wrap: bool = True, **opts) -> Condition: View Source

    7460def xor(
    7461    *expressions: t.Optional[ExpOrStr],
    7462    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7463    copy: bool = True,
    7464    wrap: bool = True,
    7465    **opts,
    7466) -> Condition:
    7467    """
    7468    Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.
    7469
    7470    Example:
    7471        >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
    7472        'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'
    7473
    7474    Args:
    7475        *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7476            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7477        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7478        copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
    7479        wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid
    7480            precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and
    7481            causes recursion-related issues.
    7482        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7483
    7484    Returns:
    7485        The new condition
    7486    """
    7487    return t.cast(Condition, _combine(expressions, Xor, dialect, copy=copy, wrap=wrap, **opts))

Combine multiple conditions with an XOR logical operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> xor("x=1", xor("y=1", "z=1")).sql()
>     'x = 1 XOR (y = 1 XOR z = 1)'

###### Arguments:

- *expressions: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy `expressions` (only applies to Expressions).
- wrap: whether to wrap the operands in `Paren`s. This is true by default to avoid precedence issues, but can be turned off when the produced AST is too deep and causes recursion-related issues.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition

def not_( expression: Union[str, Expression], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not: View Source

    7490def not_(expression: ExpOrStr, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **opts) -> Not:
    7491    """
    7492    Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.
    7493
    7494    Example:
    7495        >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
    7496        "NOT this_suit = 'black'"
    7497
    7498    Args:
    7499        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7500            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7501        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7502        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    7503        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7504
    7505    Returns:
    7506        The new condition.
    7507    """
    7508    this = condition(
    7509        expression,
    7510        dialect=dialect,
    7511        copy=copy,
    7512        **opts,
    7513    )
    7514    return Not(this=_wrap(this, Connector))

Wrap a condition with a NOT operator.

###### Example:

>     >>> not_("this_suit='black'").sql()
>     "NOT this_suit = 'black'"

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> The new condition.

def paren( expression: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True) -> Paren: View Source

    7517def paren(expression: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True) -> Paren:
    7518    """
    7519    Wrap an expression in parentheses.
    7520
    7521    Example:
    7522        >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
    7523        '(5 + 3)'
    7524
    7525    Args:
    7526        expression: the SQL code string to parse.
    7527            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7528        copy: whether to copy the expression or not.
    7529
    7530    Returns:
    7531        The wrapped expression.
    7532    """
    7533    return Paren(this=maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy))

Wrap an expression in parentheses.

###### Example:

>     >>> paren("5 + 3").sql()
>     '(5 + 3)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code string to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- copy: whether to copy the expression or not.

###### Returns:

> The wrapped expression.

SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE: Pattern[str] = re.compile('^[_a-zA-Z][\\w]*$')
def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True): View Source

    7549def to_identifier(name, quoted=None, copy=True):
    7550    """Builds an identifier.
    7551
    7552    Args:
    7553        name: The name to turn into an identifier.
    7554        quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
    7555        copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.
    7556
    7557    Returns:
    7558        The identifier ast node.
    7559    """
    7560
    7561    if name is None:
    7562        return None
    7563
    7564    if isinstance(name, Identifier):
    7565        identifier = maybe_copy(name, copy)
    7566    elif isinstance(name, str):
    7567        identifier = Identifier(
    7568            this=name,
    7569            quoted=not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(name) if quoted is None else quoted,
    7570        )
    7571    else:
    7572        raise ValueError(f"Name needs to be a string or an Identifier, got: {name.__class__}")
    7573    return identifier

Builds an identifier.

###### Arguments:

- name: The name to turn into an identifier.
- quoted: Whether to force quote the identifier.
- copy: Whether to copy name if it's an Identifier.

###### Returns:

> The identifier ast node.

def parse_identifier( name: str | Identifier, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> Identifier: View Source

    7576def parse_identifier(name: str | Identifier, dialect: DialectType = None) -> Identifier:
    7577    """
    7578    Parses a given string into an identifier.
    7579
    7580    Args:
    7581        name: The name to parse into an identifier.
    7582        dialect: The dialect to parse against.
    7583
    7584    Returns:
    7585        The identifier ast node.
    7586    """
    7587    try:
    7588        expression = maybe_parse(name, dialect=dialect, into=Identifier)
    7589    except (ParseError, TokenError):
    7590        expression = to_identifier(name)
    7591
    7592    return expression

Parses a given string into an identifier.

###### Arguments:

- name: The name to parse into an identifier.
- dialect: The dialect to parse against.

###### Returns:

> The identifier ast node.

INTERVAL_STRING_RE = re.compile('\\s*([0-9]+)\\s*([a-zA-Z]+)\\s*')
def to_interval( interval: str | Literal) -> Interval: View Source

    7598def to_interval(interval: str | Literal) -> Interval:
    7599    """Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'."""
    7600    if isinstance(interval, Literal):
    7601        if not interval.is_string:
    7602            raise ValueError("Invalid interval string.")
    7603
    7604        interval = interval.this
    7605
    7606    interval = maybe_parse(f"INTERVAL {interval}")
    7607    assert isinstance(interval, Interval)
    7608    return interval

Builds an interval expression from a string like '1 day' or '5 months'.

def to_table( sql_path: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Table: View Source

    7611def to_table(
    7612    sql_path: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs
    7613) -> Table:
    7614    """
    7615    Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional.
    7616    If a table is passed in then that table is returned.
    7617
    7618    Args:
    7619        sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
    7620        dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
    7621        copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
    7622        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.
    7623
    7624    Returns:
    7625        A table expression.
    7626    """
    7627    if isinstance(sql_path, Table):
    7628        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    7629
    7630    table = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    7631
    7632    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    7633        table.set(k, v)
    7634
    7635    return table

Create a table expression from a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` sql path. Catalog and schema are optional. If a table is passed in then that table is returned.

###### Arguments:

- sql_path: a `[catalog].[schema].[table]` string.
- dialect: the source dialect according to which the table name will be parsed.
- copy: Whether to copy a table if it is passed in.
- kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Table` expression with.

###### Returns:

> A table expression.

def to_column( sql_path: str | Column, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Column: View Source

    7638def to_column(
    7639    sql_path: str | Column,
    7640    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7641    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7642    copy: bool = True,
    7643    **kwargs,
    7644) -> Column:
    7645    """
    7646    Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional.
    7647    If a column is passed in then that column is returned.
    7648
    7649    Args:
    7650        sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
    7651        quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
    7652        dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
    7653        copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
    7654        kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.
    7655
    7656    Returns:
    7657        A column expression.
    7658    """
    7659    if isinstance(sql_path, Column):
    7660        return maybe_copy(sql_path, copy=copy)
    7661
    7662    try:
    7663        col = maybe_parse(sql_path, into=Column, dialect=dialect)
    7664    except ParseError:
    7665        return column(*reversed(sql_path.split(".")), quoted=quoted, **kwargs)
    7666
    7667    for k, v in kwargs.items():
    7668        col.set(k, v)
    7669
    7670    if quoted:
    7671        for i in col.find_all(Identifier):
    7672            i.set("quoted", True)
    7673
    7674    return col

Create a column from a `[table].[column]` sql path. Table is optional. If a column is passed in then that column is returned.

###### Arguments:

- sql_path: a `[table].[column]` string.
- quoted: Whether or not to force quote identifiers.
- dialect: the source dialect according to which the column name will be parsed.
- copy: Whether to copy a column if it is passed in.
- kwargs: the kwargs to instantiate the resulting `Column` expression with.

###### Returns:

> A column expression.

def alias_( expression: Union[str, Expression], alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType], table: Union[bool, Sequence[str | Identifier]] = False, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True, **opts): View Source

    7677def alias_(
    7678    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7679    alias: t.Optional[str | Identifier],
    7680    table: bool | t.Sequence[str | Identifier] = False,
    7681    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7682    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7683    copy: bool = True,
    7684    **opts,
    7685):
    7686    """Create an Alias expression.
    7687
    7688    Example:
    7689        >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
    7690        'foo AS bar'
    7691
    7692        >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
    7693        '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'
    7694
    7695    Args:
    7696        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7697            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7698        alias: the alias name to use. If the name has
    7699            special characters it is quoted.
    7700        table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
    7701        quoted: whether to quote the alias
    7702        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7703        copy: Whether to copy the expression.
    7704        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7705
    7706    Returns:
    7707        Alias: the aliased expression
    7708    """
    7709    exp = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, copy=copy, **opts)
    7710    alias = to_identifier(alias, quoted=quoted)
    7711
    7712    if table:
    7713        table_alias = TableAlias(this=alias)
    7714        exp.set("alias", table_alias)
    7715
    7716        if not isinstance(table, bool):
    7717            for column in table:
    7718                table_alias.append("columns", to_identifier(column, quoted=quoted))
    7719
    7720        return exp
    7721
    7722    # We don't set the "alias" arg for Window expressions, because that would add an IDENTIFIER node in
    7723    # the AST, representing a "named_window" [1] construct (eg. bigquery). What we want is an ALIAS node
    7724    # for the complete Window expression.
    7725    #
    7726    # [1]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/window-function-calls
    7727
    7728    if "alias" in exp.arg_types and not isinstance(exp, Window):
    7729        exp.set("alias", alias)
    7730        return exp
    7731    return Alias(this=exp, alias=alias)

Create an Alias expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> alias_('foo', 'bar').sql()
>     'foo AS bar'

>     >>> alias_('(select 1, 2)', 'bar', table=['a', 'b']).sql()
>     '(SELECT 1, 2) AS bar(a, b)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- alias: the alias name to use. If the name has special characters it is quoted.
- table: Whether to create a table alias, can also be a list of columns.
- quoted: whether to quote the alias
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- copy: Whether to copy the expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> Alias: the aliased expression

def subquery( expression: Union[str, Expression], alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Select: View Source

    7734def subquery(
    7735    expression: ExpOrStr,
    7736    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7737    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7738    **opts,
    7739) -> Select:
    7740    """
    7741    Build a subquery expression that's selected from.
    7742
    7743    Example:
    7744        >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
    7745        'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'
    7746
    7747    Args:
    7748        expression: the SQL code strings to parse.
    7749            If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
    7750        alias: the alias name to use.
    7751        dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
    7752        **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.
    7753
    7754    Returns:
    7755        A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.
    7756    """
    7757
    7758    expression = maybe_parse(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts).subquery(alias, **opts)
    7759    return Select().from_(expression, dialect=dialect, **opts)

Build a subquery expression that's selected from.

###### Example:

>     >>> subquery('select x from tbl', 'bar').select('x').sql()
>     'SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tbl) AS bar'

###### Arguments:

- expression: the SQL code strings to parse. If an Expression instance is passed, this is used as-is.
- alias: the alias name to use.
- dialect: the dialect used to parse the input expression.
- **opts: other options to use to parse the input expressions.

###### Returns:

> A new Select instance with the subquery expression included.

def column( col, table=None, db=None, catalog=None, *, fields=None, quoted=None, copy=True): View Source

    7790def column(
    7791    col,
    7792    table=None,
    7793    db=None,
    7794    catalog=None,
    7795    *,
    7796    fields=None,
    7797    quoted=None,
    7798    copy=True,
    7799):
    7800    """
    7801    Build a Column.
    7802
    7803    Args:
    7804        col: Column name.
    7805        table: Table name.
    7806        db: Database name.
    7807        catalog: Catalog name.
    7808        fields: Additional fields using dots.
    7809        quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
    7810        copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.
    7811
    7812    Returns:
    7813        The new Column instance.
    7814    """
    7815    this = Column(
    7816        this=to_identifier(col, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7817        table=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7818        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7819        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted, copy=copy),
    7820    )
    7821
    7822    if fields:
    7823        this = Dot.build(
    7824            (this, *(to_identifier(field, quoted=quoted, copy=copy) for field in fields))
    7825        )
    7826    return this

Build a Column.

###### Arguments:

- col: Column name.
- table: Table name.
- db: Database name.
- catalog: Catalog name.
- fields: Additional fields using dots.
- quoted: Whether to force quotes on the column's identifiers.
- copy: Whether to copy identifiers if passed in.

###### Returns:

> The new Column instance.

def cast( expression: Union[str, Expression], to: Union[str, DataType, DataType.Type], copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Cast: View Source

    7829def cast(
    7830    expression: ExpOrStr, to: DATA_TYPE, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **opts
    7831) -> Cast:
    7832    """Cast an expression to a data type.
    7833
    7834    Example:
    7835        >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
    7836        'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'
    7837
    7838    Args:
    7839        expression: The expression to cast.
    7840        to: The datatype to cast to.
    7841        copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.
    7842        dialect: The target dialect. This is used to prevent a re-cast in the following scenario:
    7843            - The expression to be cast is already a exp.Cast expression
    7844            - The existing cast is to a type that is logically equivalent to new type
    7845
    7846            For example, if :expression='CAST(x as DATETIME)' and :to=Type.TIMESTAMP,
    7847            but in the target dialect DATETIME is mapped to TIMESTAMP, then we will NOT return `CAST(x (as DATETIME) as TIMESTAMP)`
    7848            and instead just return the original expression `CAST(x as DATETIME)`.
    7849
    7850            This is to prevent it being output as a double cast `CAST(x (as TIMESTAMP) as TIMESTAMP)` once the DATETIME -> TIMESTAMP
    7851            mapping is applied in the target dialect generator.
    7852
    7853    Returns:
    7854        The new Cast instance.
    7855    """
    7856    expr = maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7857    data_type = DataType.build(to, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **opts)
    7858
    7859    # dont re-cast if the expression is already a cast to the correct type
    7860    if isinstance(expr, Cast):
    7861        from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    7862
    7863        target_dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    7864        type_mapping = target_dialect.generator_class.TYPE_MAPPING
    7865
    7866        existing_cast_type: DataType.Type = expr.to.this
    7867        new_cast_type: DataType.Type = data_type.this
    7868        types_are_equivalent = type_mapping.get(
    7869            existing_cast_type, existing_cast_type.value
    7870        ) == type_mapping.get(new_cast_type, new_cast_type.value)
    7871
    7872        if expr.is_type(data_type) or types_are_equivalent:
    7873            return expr
    7874
    7875    expr = Cast(this=expr, to=data_type)
    7876    expr.type = data_type
    7877
    7878    return expr

Cast an expression to a data type.

###### Example:

>     >>> cast('x + 1', 'int').sql()
>     'CAST(x + 1 AS INT)'

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression to cast.
- to: The datatype to cast to.
- copy: Whether to copy the supplied expressions.

- dialect: The target dialect. This is used to prevent a re-cast in the following scenario:

  - The expression to be cast is already a exp.Cast expression
  - The existing cast is to a type that is logically equivalent to new type

  For example, if :expression='CAST(x as DATETIME)' and :to=Type.TIMESTAMP, but in the target dialect DATETIME is mapped to TIMESTAMP, then we will NOT return `CAST(x (as DATETIME) as TIMESTAMP)` and instead just return the original expression `CAST(x as DATETIME)`.

  This is to prevent it being output as a double cast `CAST(x (as TIMESTAMP) as TIMESTAMP)` once the DATETIME -> TIMESTAMP mapping is applied in the target dialect generator.

###### Returns:

> The new Cast instance.

def table_( table: Identifier | str, db: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, catalog: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None, quoted: Optional[bool] = None, alias: Union[Identifier, str, NoneType] = None) -> Table: View Source

    7881def table_(
    7882    table: Identifier | str,
    7883    db: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7884    catalog: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7885    quoted: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7886    alias: t.Optional[Identifier | str] = None,
    7887) -> Table:
    7888    """Build a Table.
    7889
    7890    Args:
    7891        table: Table name.
    7892        db: Database name.
    7893        catalog: Catalog name.
    7894        quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
    7895        alias: Table's alias.
    7896
    7897    Returns:
    7898        The new Table instance.
    7899    """
    7900    return Table(
    7901        this=to_identifier(table, quoted=quoted) if table else None,
    7902        db=to_identifier(db, quoted=quoted) if db else None,
    7903        catalog=to_identifier(catalog, quoted=quoted) if catalog else None,
    7904        alias=TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None,
    7905    )

Build a Table.

###### Arguments:

- table: Table name.
- db: Database name.
- catalog: Catalog name.
- quote: Whether to force quotes on the table's identifiers.
- alias: Table's alias.

###### Returns:

> The new Table instance.

def values( values: Iterable[Tuple[Any, ...]], alias: Optional[str] = None, columns: Union[Iterable[str], Dict[str, DataType], NoneType] = None) -> Values: View Source

    7908def values(
    7909    values: t.Iterable[t.Tuple[t.Any, ...]],
    7910    alias: t.Optional[str] = None,
    7911    columns: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str] | t.Dict[str, DataType]] = None,
    7912) -> Values:
    7913    """Build VALUES statement.
    7914
    7915    Example:
    7916        >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
    7917        "VALUES (1, '2')"
    7918
    7919    Args:
    7920        values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
    7921        alias: optional alias
    7922        columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types.
    7923         If either are provided then an alias is also required.
    7924
    7925    Returns:
    7926        Values: the Values expression object
    7927    """
    7928    if columns and not alias:
    7929        raise ValueError("Alias is required when providing columns")
    7930
    7931    return Values(
    7932        expressions=[convert(tup) for tup in values],
    7933        alias=(
    7934            TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias), columns=[to_identifier(x) for x in columns])
    7935            if columns
    7936            else (TableAlias(this=to_identifier(alias)) if alias else None)
    7937        ),
    7938    )

Build VALUES statement.

###### Example:

>     >>> values([(1, '2')]).sql()
>     "VALUES (1, '2')"

###### Arguments:

- values: values statements that will be converted to SQL
- alias: optional alias
- columns: Optional list of ordered column names or ordered dictionary of column names to types. If either are provided then an alias is also required.

###### Returns:

> Values: the Values expression object

def var( name: Union[str, Expression, NoneType]) -> Var: View Source

    7941def var(name: t.Optional[ExpOrStr]) -> Var:
    7942    """Build a SQL variable.
    7943
    7944    Example:
    7945        >>> repr(var('x'))
    7946        'Var(this=x)'
    7947
    7948        >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
    7949        'Var(this=x)'
    7950
    7951    Args:
    7952        name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.
    7953
    7954    Returns:
    7955        The new variable node.
    7956    """
    7957    if not name:
    7958        raise ValueError("Cannot convert empty name into var.")
    7959
    7960    if isinstance(name, Expression):
    7961        name = name.name
    7962    return Var(this=name)

Build a SQL variable.

###### Example:

>     >>> repr(var('x'))
>     'Var(this=x)'

>     >>> repr(var(column('x', table='y')))
>     'Var(this=x)'

###### Arguments:

- name: The name of the var or an expression who's name will become the var.

###### Returns:

> The new variable node.

def rename_table( old_name: str | Table, new_name: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> Alter: View Source

    7965def rename_table(
    7966    old_name: str | Table,
    7967    new_name: str | Table,
    7968    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7969) -> Alter:
    7970    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression
    7971
    7972    Args:
    7973        old_name: The old name of the table
    7974        new_name: The new name of the table
    7975        dialect: The dialect to parse the table.
    7976
    7977    Returns:
    7978        Alter table expression
    7979    """
    7980    old_table = to_table(old_name, dialect=dialect)
    7981    new_table = to_table(new_name, dialect=dialect)
    7982    return Alter(
    7983        this=old_table,
    7984        kind="TABLE",
    7985        actions=[
    7986            AlterRename(this=new_table),
    7987        ],
    7988    )

Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME... expression

###### Arguments:

- old_name: The old name of the table
- new_name: The new name of the table
- dialect: The dialect to parse the table.

###### Returns:

> Alter table expression

def rename_column( table_name: str | Table, old_column_name: str | Column, new_column_name: str | Column, exists: Optional[bool] = None, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None) -> Alter: View Source

    7991def rename_column(
    7992    table_name: str | Table,
    7993    old_column_name: str | Column,
    7994    new_column_name: str | Column,
    7995    exists: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    7996    dialect: DialectType = None,
    7997) -> Alter:
    7998    """Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression
    7999
    8000    Args:
    8001        table_name: Name of the table
    8002        old_column: The old name of the column
    8003        new_column: The new name of the column
    8004        exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
    8005        dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.
    8006
    8007    Returns:
    8008        Alter table expression
    8009    """
    8010    table = to_table(table_name, dialect=dialect)
    8011    old_column = to_column(old_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    8012    new_column = to_column(new_column_name, dialect=dialect)
    8013    return Alter(
    8014        this=table,
    8015        kind="TABLE",
    8016        actions=[
    8017            RenameColumn(this=old_column, to=new_column, exists=exists),
    8018        ],
    8019    )

Build ALTER TABLE... RENAME COLUMN... expression

###### Arguments:

- table_name: Name of the table
- old_column: The old name of the column
- new_column: The new name of the column
- exists: Whether to add the `IF EXISTS` clause
- dialect: The dialect to parse the table/column.

###### Returns:

> Alter table expression

def convert(value: Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression: View Source

    8022def convert(value: t.Any, copy: bool = False) -> Expression:
    8023    """Convert a python value into an expression object.
    8024
    8025    Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.
    8026
    8027    Args:
    8028        value: A python object.
    8029        copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).
    8030
    8031    Returns:
    8032        The equivalent expression object.
    8033    """
    8034    if isinstance(value, Expression):
    8035        return maybe_copy(value, copy)
    8036    if isinstance(value, str):
    8037        return Literal.string(value)
    8038    if isinstance(value, bool):
    8039        return Boolean(this=value)
    8040    if value is None or (isinstance(value, float) and math.isnan(value)):
    8041        return null()
    8042    if isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
    8043        return Literal.number(value)
    8044    if isinstance(value, bytes):
    8045        return HexString(this=value.hex())
    8046    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
    8047        datetime_literal = Literal.string(value.isoformat(sep=" "))
    8048
    8049        tz = None
    8050        if value.tzinfo:
    8051            # this works for zoneinfo.ZoneInfo, pytz.timezone and datetime.datetime.utc to return IANA timezone names like "America/Los_Angeles"
    8052            # instead of abbreviations like "PDT". This is for consistency with other timezone handling functions in SQLGlot
    8053            tz = Literal.string(str(value.tzinfo))
    8054
    8055        return TimeStrToTime(this=datetime_literal, zone=tz)
    8056    if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
    8057        date_literal = Literal.string(value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    8058        return DateStrToDate(this=date_literal)
    8059    if isinstance(value, tuple):
    8060        if hasattr(value, "_fields"):
    8061            return Struct(
    8062                expressions=[
    8063                    PropertyEQ(
    8064                        this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(getattr(value, k), copy=copy)
    8065                    )
    8066                    for k in value._fields
    8067                ]
    8068            )
    8069        return Tuple(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    8070    if isinstance(value, list):
    8071        return Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value])
    8072    if isinstance(value, dict):
    8073        return Map(
    8074            keys=Array(expressions=[convert(k, copy=copy) for k in value]),
    8075            values=Array(expressions=[convert(v, copy=copy) for v in value.values()]),
    8076        )
    8077    if hasattr(value, "__dict__"):
    8078        return Struct(
    8079            expressions=[
    8080                PropertyEQ(this=to_identifier(k), expression=convert(v, copy=copy))
    8081                for k, v in value.__dict__.items()
    8082            ]
    8083        )
    8084    raise ValueError(f"Cannot convert {value}")

Convert a python value into an expression object.

Raises an error if a conversion is not possible.

###### Arguments:

- value: A python object.
- copy: Whether to copy `value` (only applies to Expressions and collections).

###### Returns:

> The equivalent expression object.

def replace_children( expression: Expression, fun: Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None: View Source

    8087def replace_children(expression: Expression, fun: t.Callable, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
    8088    """
    8089    Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.
    8090    """
    8091    for k, v in tuple(expression.args.items()):
    8092        is_list_arg = type(v) is list
    8093
    8094        child_nodes = v if is_list_arg else [v]
    8095        new_child_nodes = []
    8096
    8097        for cn in child_nodes:
    8098            if isinstance(cn, Expression):
    8099                for child_node in ensure_collection(fun(cn, *args, **kwargs)):
    8100                    new_child_nodes.append(child_node)
    8101            else:
    8102                new_child_nodes.append(cn)
    8103
    8104        expression.set(k, new_child_nodes if is_list_arg else seq_get(new_child_nodes, 0))

Replace children of an expression with the result of a lambda fun(child) -> exp.

def replace_tree( expression: Expression, fun: Callable, prune: Optional[Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None) -> Expression: View Source

    8107def replace_tree(
    8108    expression: Expression,
    8109    fun: t.Callable,
    8110    prune: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Expression], bool]] = None,
    8111) -> Expression:
    8112    """
    8113    Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.
    8114
    8115    This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first.
    8116    If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.
    8117    """
    8118    stack = list(expression.dfs(prune=prune))
    8119
    8120    while stack:
    8121        node = stack.pop()
    8122        new_node = fun(node)
    8123
    8124        if new_node is not node:
    8125            node.replace(new_node)
    8126
    8127            if isinstance(new_node, Expression):
    8128                stack.append(new_node)
    8129
    8130    return new_node

Replace an entire tree with the result of function calls on each node.

This will be traversed in reverse dfs, so leaves first. If new nodes are created as a result of function calls, they will also be traversed.

def column_table_names( expression: Expression, exclude: str = '') -> Set[str]: View Source

    8133def column_table_names(expression: Expression, exclude: str = "") -> t.Set[str]:
    8134    """
    8135    Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.
    8136
    8137    Example:
    8138        >>> import sqlglot
    8139        >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
    8140        ['a', 'c']
    8141
    8142    Args:
    8143        expression: expression to find table names.
    8144        exclude: a table name to exclude
    8145
    8146    Returns:
    8147        A list of unique names.
    8148    """
    8149    return {
    8150        table
    8151        for table in (column.table for column in expression.find_all(Column))
    8152        if table and table != exclude
    8153    }

Return all table names referenced through columns in an expression.

###### Example:

>     >>> import sqlglot
>     >>> sorted(column_table_names(sqlglot.parse_one("a.b AND c.d AND c.e")))
>     ['a', 'c']

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression to find table names.
- exclude: a table name to exclude

###### Returns:

> A list of unique names.

def table_name( table: Table | str, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, identify: bool = False) -> str: View Source

    8156def table_name(table: Table | str, dialect: DialectType = None, identify: bool = False) -> str:
    8157    """Get the full name of a table as a string.
    8158
    8159    Args:
    8160        table: Table expression node or string.
    8161        dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
    8162        identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are:
    8163            False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect.
    8164            True: Always quote.
    8165
    8166    Examples:
    8167        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    8168        >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
    8169        'a.b.c'
    8170
    8171    Returns:
    8172        The table name.
    8173    """
    8174
    8175    table = maybe_parse(table, into=Table, dialect=dialect)
    8176
    8177    if not table:
    8178        raise ValueError(f"Cannot parse {table}")
    8179
    8180    return ".".join(
    8181        (
    8182            part.sql(dialect=dialect, identify=True, copy=False, comments=False)
    8183            if identify or not SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(part.name)
    8184            else part.name
    8185        )
    8186        for part in table.parts
    8187    )

Get the full name of a table as a string.

###### Arguments:

- table: Table expression node or string.
- dialect: The dialect to generate the table name for.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True: Always quote.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> table_name(parse_one("select * from a.b.c").find(exp.Table))
>     'a.b.c'

###### Returns:

> The table name.

def normalize_table_name( table: str | Table, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    8190def normalize_table_name(table: str | Table, dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True) -> str:
    8191    """Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.
    8192
    8193    Args:
    8194        table: the table to normalize
    8195        dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
    8196        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    8197
    8198    Examples:
    8199        >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
    8200        'A-B.c'
    8201    """
    8202    from sqlglot.optimizer.normalize_identifiers import normalize_identifiers
    8203
    8204    return ".".join(
    8205        p.name
    8206        for p in normalize_identifiers(
    8207            to_table(table, dialect=dialect, copy=copy), dialect=dialect
    8208        ).parts
    8209    )

Returns a case normalized table name without quotes.

###### Arguments:

- table: the table to normalize
- dialect: the dialect to use for normalization rules
- copy: whether to copy the expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> normalize_table_name("`A-B`.c", dialect="bigquery")
>     'A-B.c'

def replace_tables( expression: ~E, mapping: Dict[str, str], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    8212def replace_tables(
    8213    expression: E, mapping: t.Dict[str, str], dialect: DialectType = None, copy: bool = True
    8214) -> E:
    8215    """Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.
    8216
    8217    Args:
    8218        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    8219        mapping: mapping of table names.
    8220        dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
    8221        copy: whether to copy the expression.
    8222
    8223    Examples:
    8224        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    8225        >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
    8226        'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'
    8227
    8228    Returns:
    8229        The mapped expression.
    8230    """
    8231
    8232    mapping = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in mapping.items()}
    8233
    8234    def _replace_tables(node: Expression) -> Expression:
    8235        if isinstance(node, Table):
    8236            original = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    8237            new_name = mapping.get(original)
    8238
    8239            if new_name:
    8240                table = to_table(
    8241                    new_name,
    8242                    **{k: v for k, v in node.args.items() if k not in TABLE_PARTS},
    8243                    dialect=dialect,
    8244                )
    8245                table.add_comments([original])
    8246                return table
    8247        return node
    8248
    8249    return expression.transform(_replace_tables, copy=copy)  # type: ignore

Replace all tables in expression according to the mapping.

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
- mapping: mapping of table names.
- dialect: the dialect of the mapping table
- copy: whether to copy the expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> replace_tables(parse_one("select * from a.b"), {"a.b": "c"}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM c /* a.b */'

###### Returns:

> The mapped expression.

def replace_placeholders( expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression: View Source

    8252def replace_placeholders(expression: Expression, *args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    8253    """Replace placeholders in an expression.
    8254
    8255    Args:
    8256        expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
    8257        args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
    8258        kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.
    8259
    8260    Examples:
    8261        >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
    8262        >>> replace_placeholders(
    8263        ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
    8264        ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
    8265        ... ).sql()
    8266        "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"
    8267
    8268    Returns:
    8269        The mapped expression.
    8270    """
    8271
    8272    def _replace_placeholders(node: Expression, args, **kwargs) -> Expression:
    8273        if isinstance(node, Placeholder):
    8274            if node.this:
    8275                new_name = kwargs.get(node.this)
    8276                if new_name is not None:
    8277                    return convert(new_name)
    8278            else:
    8279                try:
    8280                    return convert(next(args))
    8281                except StopIteration:
    8282                    pass
    8283        return node
    8284
    8285    return expression.transform(_replace_placeholders, iter(args), **kwargs)

Replace placeholders in an expression.

###### Arguments:

- expression: expression node to be transformed and replaced.
- args: positional names that will substitute unnamed placeholders in the given order.
- kwargs: keyword arguments that will substitute named placeholders.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import exp, parse_one
>     >>> replace_placeholders(
>     ...     parse_one("select * from :tbl where ? = ?"),
>     ...     exp.to_identifier("str_col"), "b", tbl=exp.to_identifier("foo")
>     ... ).sql()
>     "SELECT * FROM foo WHERE str_col = 'b'"

###### Returns:

> The mapped expression.

def expand( expression: Expression, sources: Dict[str, Query], dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, copy: bool = True) -> Expression: View Source

    8288def expand(
    8289    expression: Expression,
    8290    sources: t.Dict[str, Query],
    8291    dialect: DialectType = None,
    8292    copy: bool = True,
    8293) -> Expression:
    8294    """Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.
    8295
    8296    Examples:
    8297        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    8298        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
    8299        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'
    8300
    8301        >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
    8302        'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'
    8303
    8304    Args:
    8305        expression: The expression to expand.
    8306        sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
    8307        dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
    8308        copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.
    8309
    8310    Returns:
    8311        The transformed expression.
    8312    """
    8313    sources = {normalize_table_name(k, dialect=dialect): v for k, v in sources.items()}
    8314
    8315    def _expand(node: Expression):
    8316        if isinstance(node, Table):
    8317            name = normalize_table_name(node, dialect=dialect)
    8318            source = sources.get(name)
    8319            if source:
    8320                subquery = source.subquery(node.alias or name)
    8321                subquery.comments = [f"source: {name}"]
    8322                return subquery.transform(_expand, copy=False)
    8323        return node
    8324
    8325    return expression.transform(_expand, copy=copy)

Transforms an expression by expanding all referenced sources into subqueries.

###### Examples:

>     >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
>     >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y")}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM y) AS z /* source: x */'

>     >>> expand(parse_one("select * from x AS z"), {"x": parse_one("select * from y"), "y": parse_one("select * from z")}).sql()
>     'SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM z) AS y /* source: y */) AS z /* source: x */'

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression to expand.
- sources: A dictionary of name to Queries.
- dialect: The dialect of the sources dict.
- copy: Whether to copy the expression during transformation. Defaults to True.

###### Returns:

> The transformed expression.

def func( name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Func: View Source

    8328def func(name: str, *args, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs) -> Func:
    8329    """
    8330    Returns a Func expression.
    8331
    8332    Examples:
    8333        >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
    8334        'ABS(5)'
    8335
    8336        >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
    8337        'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'
    8338
    8339    Args:
    8340        name: the name of the function to build.
    8341        args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8342        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8343        dialect: the source dialect.
    8344        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8345
    8346    Note:
    8347        The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.
    8348
    8349    Returns:
    8350        An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't
    8351        correspond to an existing `sqlglot.expressions.Func` class.
    8352    """
    8353    if args and kwargs:
    8354        raise ValueError("Can't use both args and kwargs to instantiate a function.")
    8355
    8356    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect
    8357
    8358    dialect = Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect)
    8359
    8360    converted: t.List[Expression] = [maybe_parse(arg, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for arg in args]
    8361    kwargs = {key: maybe_parse(value, dialect=dialect, copy=copy) for key, value in kwargs.items()}
    8362
    8363    constructor = dialect.parser_class.FUNCTIONS.get(name.upper())
    8364    if constructor:
    8365        if converted:
    8366            if "dialect" in constructor.__code__.co_varnames:
    8367                function = constructor(converted, dialect=dialect)
    8368            else:
    8369                function = constructor(converted)
    8370        elif constructor.__name__ == "from_arg_list":
    8371            function = constructor.__self__(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
    8372        else:
    8373            constructor = FUNCTION_BY_NAME.get(name.upper())
    8374            if constructor:
    8375                function = constructor(**kwargs)
    8376            else:
    8377                raise ValueError(
    8378                    f"Unable to convert '{name}' into a Func. Either manually construct "
    8379                    "the Func expression of interest or parse the function call."
    8380                )
    8381    else:
    8382        kwargs = kwargs or {"expressions": converted}
    8383        function = Anonymous(this=name, **kwargs)
    8384
    8385    for error_message in function.error_messages(converted):
    8386        raise ValueError(error_message)
    8387
    8388    return function

Returns a Func expression.

###### Examples:

>     >>> func("abs", 5).sql()
>     'ABS(5)'

>     >>> func("cast", this=5, to=DataType.build("DOUBLE")).sql()
>     'CAST(5 AS DOUBLE)'

###### Arguments:

- name: the name of the function to build.
- args: the args used to instantiate the function of interest.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Note:

> The arguments `args` and `kwargs` are mutually exclusive.

###### Returns:

> An instance of the function of interest, or an anonymous function, if `name` doesn't correspond to an existing `sqlglot.expressions.Func` class.

def case( expression: Union[str, Expression, NoneType] = None, **opts) -> Case: View Source

    8391def case(
    8392    expression: t.Optional[ExpOrStr] = None,
    8393    **opts,
    8394) -> Case:
    8395    """
    8396    Initialize a CASE statement.
    8397
    8398    Example:
    8399        case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")
    8400
    8401    Args:
    8402        expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
    8403        **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`
    8404    """
    8405    if expression is not None:
    8406        this = maybe_parse(expression, **opts)
    8407    else:
    8408        this = None
    8409    return Case(this=this, ifs=[])

Initialize a CASE statement.

###### Example:

> case().when("a = 1", "foo").else_("bar")

###### Arguments:

- expression: Optionally, the input expression (not all dialects support this)
- **opts: Extra keyword arguments for parsing `expression`

def array( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Array: View Source

    8412def array(
    8413    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    8414) -> Array:
    8415    """
    8416    Returns an array.
    8417
    8418    Examples:
    8419        >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
    8420        'ARRAY(1, x)'
    8421
    8422    Args:
    8423        expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
    8424        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8425        dialect: the source dialect.
    8426        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8427
    8428    Returns:
    8429        An array expression.
    8430    """
    8431    return Array(
    8432        expressions=[
    8433            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    8434            for expression in expressions
    8435        ]
    8436    )

Returns an array.

###### Examples:

>     >>> array(1, 'x').sql()
>     'ARRAY(1, x)'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the expressions to add to the array.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Returns:

> An array expression.

def tuple_( *expressions: Union[str, Expression], copy: bool = True, dialect: Union[str, sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect, Type[sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect], NoneType] = None, **kwargs) -> Tuple: View Source

    8439def tuple_(
    8440    *expressions: ExpOrStr, copy: bool = True, dialect: DialectType = None, **kwargs
    8441) -> Tuple:
    8442    """
    8443    Returns an tuple.
    8444
    8445    Examples:
    8446        >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
    8447        '(1, x)'
    8448
    8449    Args:
    8450        expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
    8451        copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
    8452        dialect: the source dialect.
    8453        kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.
    8454
    8455    Returns:
    8456        A tuple expression.
    8457    """
    8458    return Tuple(
    8459        expressions=[
    8460            maybe_parse(expression, copy=copy, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    8461            for expression in expressions
    8462        ]
    8463    )

Returns an tuple.

###### Examples:

>     >>> tuple_(1, 'x').sql()
>     '(1, x)'

###### Arguments:

- expressions: the expressions to add to the tuple.
- copy: whether to copy the argument expressions.
- dialect: the source dialect.
- kwargs: the kwargs used to instantiate the function of interest.

###### Returns:

> A tuple expression.

def true() -> Boolean: View Source

    8466def true() -> Boolean:
    8467    """
    8468    Returns a true Boolean expression.
    8469    """
    8470    return Boolean(this=True)

Returns a true Boolean expression.

def false() -> Boolean: View Source

    8473def false() -> Boolean:
    8474    """
    8475    Returns a false Boolean expression.
    8476    """
    8477    return Boolean(this=False)

Returns a false Boolean expression.

def null() -> Null: View Source

    8480def null() -> Null:
    8481    """
    8482    Returns a Null expression.
    8483    """
    8484    return Null()

Returns a Null expression.

NONNULL_CONSTANTS = (<class 'Literal'>, <class 'Boolean'>)
CONSTANTS = (<class 'Literal'>, <class 'Boolean'>, <class 'Null'>)