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sqlglot.dialects.presto

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    binary_from_function,
 10    bool_xor_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    encode_decode_sql,
 14    build_formatted_time,
 15    if_sql,
 16    left_to_substring_sql,
 17    no_ilike_sql,
 18    no_pivot_sql,
 19    no_safe_divide_sql,
 20    no_timestamp_sql,
 21    regexp_extract_sql,
 22    rename_func,
 23    right_to_substring_sql,
 24    sha256_sql,
 25    struct_extract_sql,
 26    str_position_sql,
 27    timestamptrunc_sql,
 28    timestrtotime_sql,
 29    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 30    unit_to_str,
 31)
 32from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 33from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
 34from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
 35from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 36from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
 37
 38DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
 39
 40
 41def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
 42    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
 43        return self.sql(
 44            exp.Join(
 45                this=exp.Unnest(
 46                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
 47                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
 48                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
 49                ),
 50                kind="cross",
 51            )
 52        )
 53    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
 54
 55
 56def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
 57    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
 58    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
 59
 60
 61def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
 62    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
 63        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
 64    else:
 65        comparator = None
 66    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
 67
 68
 69def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
 70    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
 71        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
 72        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
 73
 74    if expression.parent:
 75        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
 76            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
 77            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
 78                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
 79
 80    return self.schema_sql(expression)
 81
 82
 83def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
 84    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
 85    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
 86
 87
 88def _str_to_time_sql(
 89    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
 90) -> str:
 91    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
 92
 93
 94def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
 95    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
 96    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
 97        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
 98    return self.sql(
 99        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
100    )
101
102
103def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
104    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
105    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
106    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
107
108
109def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
110    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
111    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
112    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
113    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
114
115
116def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
117    if len(args) == 4:
118        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
119            this=seq_get(args, 0),
120            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
121            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
122            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
123        )
124    if len(args) == 3:
125        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
126            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
127        )
128    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
129
130
131def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
132    if len(args) == 3:
133        return exp.UnixToTime(
134            this=seq_get(args, 0),
135            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
136            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
137        )
138    if len(args) == 2:
139        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
140
141    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
142
143
144def _unnest_sequence(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
145    if isinstance(expression, exp.Table):
146        if isinstance(expression.this, exp.GenerateSeries):
147            unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.this])
148
149            if expression.alias:
150                return exp.alias_(unnest, alias="_u", table=[expression.alias], copy=False)
151            return unnest
152    return expression
153
154
155def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
156    """
157    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
158    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
159    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
160
161    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
162    """
163    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
164        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
165
166    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
167
168
169def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
170    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
171    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
172    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
173        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
174
175    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
176
177
178def _jsonextract_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
179    is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
180
181    # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
182    # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
183    if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
184        return self.func(
185            "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
186        )
187
188    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
189
190    # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
191    segments = []
192    for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
193        if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
194            # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
195            self.unsupported(f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access")
196            continue
197        key = path_key.this
198        if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
199            key = f'"{key}"'
200        segments.append(f".{key}")
201
202    expr = "".join(segments)
203
204    return f"{this}{expr}"
205
206
207def _to_int(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
208    if not expression.type:
209        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
210
211        annotate_types(expression)
212    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
213        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
214    return expression
215
216
217def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
218    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
219    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
220        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
221        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
222
223    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
224    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
225    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
226
227
228def _date_delta_sql(
229    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
230) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
231    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
232        interval = _to_int(expression.expression)
233        return self.func(
234            name,
235            unit_to_str(expression),
236            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
237            expression.this,
238        )
239
240    return _delta_sql
241
242
243class Presto(Dialect):
244    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
245    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
246    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
247    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
248    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
249    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
250    TYPED_DIVISION = True
251    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
252    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
253
254    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
255    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
256    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
257    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
258
259    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
260        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
261            (prefix + q, q)
262            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
263            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
264        ]
265
266        KEYWORDS = {
267            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
268            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
269            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
270            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
271            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
272            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
273            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
274            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
275        }
276        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
277        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
278
279    class Parser(parser.Parser):
280        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
281
282        FUNCTIONS = {
283            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
284            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
285            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
286            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
287            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
288            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
289            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
290            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
291            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
292            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
293            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
294                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
295            ),
296            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
297                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
298            ),
299            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
300            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
301            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
302            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
303                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
304            ),
305            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
306            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
307            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
308                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
309            ),
310            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
311            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
312                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
313            ),
314            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
315                this=seq_get(args, 0),
316                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
317                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
318            ),
319            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
320            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
321            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
322            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
323            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
324                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
325            ),
326            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
327            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
328            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
329                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
330            ),
331            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
332            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
333            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
334        }
335
336        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
337        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
338
339    class Generator(generator.Generator):
340        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
341        JOIN_HINTS = False
342        TABLE_HINTS = False
343        QUERY_HINTS = False
344        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
345        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
346        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
347        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
348        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
349        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
350        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
351        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
352        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
353        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
354        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
355        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
356
357        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
358            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
359            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
360            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
361        }
362
363        TYPE_MAPPING = {
364            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
365            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
366            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
367            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
368            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
369            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
370            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
371            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
372            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
373            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
374            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
375        }
376
377        TRANSFORMS = {
378            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
379            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
380            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
381                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
382            ),
383            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
384            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
385            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
386            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
387            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
388            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
389            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
390            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
391            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
392            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
393            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
394            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
395            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
396                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
397            ),
398            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
399            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
400            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
401                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
402            ),
403            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
404            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
405            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
406            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
407            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
408                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
409            ),
410            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
411            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
412            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
413            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
414            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
415            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
416            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
417            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
418            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
419            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
420            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
421            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
422            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
423            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
424            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
425                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
426            ),
427            exp.If: if_sql(),
428            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
429            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
430            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
431            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
432            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
433            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
434            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
435            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
436            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
437            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
438            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
439            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
440            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
441            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
442            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
443            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
444            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
445            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
446            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
447                [
448                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
449                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
450                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
451                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
452                ]
453            ),
454            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
455            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
456            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
457            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
458            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
459            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
460            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
461            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
462            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
463            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
464            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
465            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
466            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
467                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
468            ),
469            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
470            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
471            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
472            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
473            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
474            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
475            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
476            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
477            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
478            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
479            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
480            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
481            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
482            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
483            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
484            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
485            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
486            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
487                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
488            ),
489            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
490            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
491            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
492            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
493        }
494
495        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
496            "alter",
497            "and",
498            "as",
499            "between",
500            "by",
501            "case",
502            "cast",
503            "constraint",
504            "create",
505            "cross",
506            "current_time",
507            "current_timestamp",
508            "deallocate",
509            "delete",
510            "describe",
511            "distinct",
512            "drop",
513            "else",
514            "end",
515            "escape",
516            "except",
517            "execute",
518            "exists",
519            "extract",
520            "false",
521            "for",
522            "from",
523            "full",
524            "group",
525            "having",
526            "in",
527            "inner",
528            "insert",
529            "intersect",
530            "into",
531            "is",
532            "join",
533            "left",
534            "like",
535            "natural",
536            "not",
537            "null",
538            "on",
539            "or",
540            "order",
541            "outer",
542            "prepare",
543            "right",
544            "select",
545            "table",
546            "then",
547            "true",
548            "union",
549            "using",
550            "values",
551            "when",
552            "where",
553            "with",
554        }
555
556        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
557            this = expression.this
558
559            if not this.type:
560                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
561
562                this = annotate_types(this)
563
564            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
565                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
566
567            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
568
569        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
570            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
571            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
572            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
573            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
574            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
575            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
576            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
577            parse_with_tz = self.func(
578                "PARSE_DATETIME",
579                value_as_text,
580                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
581            )
582            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
583            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
584
585        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
586            if expression.args.get("safe"):
587                return self.func(
588                    "ELEMENT_AT",
589                    expression.this,
590                    seq_get(
591                        apply_index_offset(
592                            expression.this,
593                            expression.expressions,
594                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
595                        ),
596                        0,
597                    ),
598                )
599            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
600
601        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
602            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
603
604            expression = annotate_types(expression)
605            values: t.List[str] = []
606            schema: t.List[str] = []
607            unknown_type = False
608
609            for e in expression.expressions:
610                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
611                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
612                        unknown_type = True
613                    else:
614                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
615                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
616                else:
617                    values.append(self.sql(e))
618
619            size = len(expression.expressions)
620
621            if not size or len(schema) != size:
622                if unknown_type:
623                    self.unsupported(
624                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
625                    )
626                return self.func("ROW", *values)
627            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
628
629        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
630            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
631                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
632            return super().interval_sql(expression)
633
634        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
635            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
636            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
637            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
638
639        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
640            start = expression.args["start"]
641            end = expression.args["end"]
642            step = expression.args.get("step")
643
644            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
645                target_type = start.to
646            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
647                target_type = end.to
648            else:
649                target_type = None
650
651            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
652                if target_type is start.to:
653                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
654                else:
655                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
656
657            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
658
659        def offset_limit_modifiers(
660            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
661        ) -> t.List[str]:
662            return [
663                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
664                self.sql(limit),
665            ]
666
667        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
668            """
669            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
670            so we need to remove them
671            """
672            kind = expression.args["kind"]
673            schema = expression.this
674            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
675                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
676            return super().create_sql(expression)
677
678        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
679            """
680            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
681            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
682            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
683            """
684            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
685            if len(tables) > 1:
686                return super().delete_sql(expression)
687
688            table = tables[0]
689            expression.set("this", table)
690            expression.set("tables", None)
691
692            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
693                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
694                if table_alias:
695                    table_alias.pop()
696                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
697
698            return super().delete_sql(expression)
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
244class Presto(Dialect):
245    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
246    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
247    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
248    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
249    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
250    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
251    TYPED_DIVISION = True
252    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
253    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
254
255    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
256    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
257    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
258    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
259
260    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
261        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
262            (prefix + q, q)
263            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
264            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
265        ]
266
267        KEYWORDS = {
268            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
269            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
270            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
271            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
272            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
273            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
274            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
275            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
276        }
277        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
278        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
279
280    class Parser(parser.Parser):
281        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
282
283        FUNCTIONS = {
284            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
285            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
286            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
287            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
288            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
289            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
290            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
291            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
292            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
293            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
294            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
295                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
296            ),
297            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
298                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
299            ),
300            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
301            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
302            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
303            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
304                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
305            ),
306            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
307            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
308            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
309                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
310            ),
311            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
312            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
313                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
314            ),
315            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
317                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
318                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
319            ),
320            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
321            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
322            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
323            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
324            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
325                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
326            ),
327            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
328            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
329            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
330                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
331            ),
332            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
333            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
334            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
335        }
336
337        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
338        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
339
340    class Generator(generator.Generator):
341        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
342        JOIN_HINTS = False
343        TABLE_HINTS = False
344        QUERY_HINTS = False
345        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
346        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
347        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
348        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
349        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
350        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
351        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
352        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
353        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
354        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
355        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
356        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
357
358        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
359            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
360            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
361            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
362        }
363
364        TYPE_MAPPING = {
365            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
366            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
367            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
368            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
369            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
370            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
371            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
372            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
373            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
374            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
375            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
376        }
377
378        TRANSFORMS = {
379            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
380            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
381            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
382                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
383            ),
384            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
385            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
386            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
387            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
388            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
389            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
390            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
391            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
392            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
393            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
394            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
395            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
396            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
397                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
398            ),
399            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
400            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
401            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
402                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
403            ),
404            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
405            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
406            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
407            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
408            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
409                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
410            ),
411            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
412            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
413            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
414            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
415            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
416            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
417            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
418            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
419            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
420            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
421            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
422            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
423            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
424            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
425            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
426                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
427            ),
428            exp.If: if_sql(),
429            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
430            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
431            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
432            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
433            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
434            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
435            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
436            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
437            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
438            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
439            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
440            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
441            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
442            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
443            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
444            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
445            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
446            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
447            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
448                [
449                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
450                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
451                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
452                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
453                ]
454            ),
455            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
456            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
457            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
458            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
459            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
460            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
461            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
462            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
463            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
464            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
465            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
466            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
467            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
468                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
469            ),
470            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
471            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
472            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
473            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
474            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
475            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
476            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
477            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
478            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
479            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
480            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
481            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
482            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
483            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
484            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
485            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
486            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
487            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
488                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
489            ),
490            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
491            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
492            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
493            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
494        }
495
496        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
497            "alter",
498            "and",
499            "as",
500            "between",
501            "by",
502            "case",
503            "cast",
504            "constraint",
505            "create",
506            "cross",
507            "current_time",
508            "current_timestamp",
509            "deallocate",
510            "delete",
511            "describe",
512            "distinct",
513            "drop",
514            "else",
515            "end",
516            "escape",
517            "except",
518            "execute",
519            "exists",
520            "extract",
521            "false",
522            "for",
523            "from",
524            "full",
525            "group",
526            "having",
527            "in",
528            "inner",
529            "insert",
530            "intersect",
531            "into",
532            "is",
533            "join",
534            "left",
535            "like",
536            "natural",
537            "not",
538            "null",
539            "on",
540            "or",
541            "order",
542            "outer",
543            "prepare",
544            "right",
545            "select",
546            "table",
547            "then",
548            "true",
549            "union",
550            "using",
551            "values",
552            "when",
553            "where",
554            "with",
555        }
556
557        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
558            this = expression.this
559
560            if not this.type:
561                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
562
563                this = annotate_types(this)
564
565            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
566                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
567
568            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
569
570        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
571            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
572            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
573            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
574            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
575            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
576            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
577            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
578            parse_with_tz = self.func(
579                "PARSE_DATETIME",
580                value_as_text,
581                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
582            )
583            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
584            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
585
586        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
587            if expression.args.get("safe"):
588                return self.func(
589                    "ELEMENT_AT",
590                    expression.this,
591                    seq_get(
592                        apply_index_offset(
593                            expression.this,
594                            expression.expressions,
595                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
596                        ),
597                        0,
598                    ),
599                )
600            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
601
602        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
603            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
604
605            expression = annotate_types(expression)
606            values: t.List[str] = []
607            schema: t.List[str] = []
608            unknown_type = False
609
610            for e in expression.expressions:
611                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
612                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
613                        unknown_type = True
614                    else:
615                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
616                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
617                else:
618                    values.append(self.sql(e))
619
620            size = len(expression.expressions)
621
622            if not size or len(schema) != size:
623                if unknown_type:
624                    self.unsupported(
625                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
626                    )
627                return self.func("ROW", *values)
628            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
629
630        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
631            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
632                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
633            return super().interval_sql(expression)
634
635        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
636            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
637            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
638            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
639
640        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
641            start = expression.args["start"]
642            end = expression.args["end"]
643            step = expression.args.get("step")
644
645            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
646                target_type = start.to
647            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
648                target_type = end.to
649            else:
650                target_type = None
651
652            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
653                if target_type is start.to:
654                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
655                else:
656                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
657
658            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
659
660        def offset_limit_modifiers(
661            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
662        ) -> t.List[str]:
663            return [
664                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
665                self.sql(limit),
666            ]
667
668        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
669            """
670            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
671            so we need to remove them
672            """
673            kind = expression.args["kind"]
674            schema = expression.this
675            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
676                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
677            return super().create_sql(expression)
678
679        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
680            """
681            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
682            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
683            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
684            """
685            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
686            if len(tables) > 1:
687                return super().delete_sql(expression)
688
689            table = tables[0]
690            expression.set("this", table)
691            expression.set("tables", None)
692
693            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
694                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
695                if table_alias:
696                    table_alias.pop()
697                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
698
699            return super().delete_sql(expression)
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%a'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%a': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
260    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
261        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
262            (prefix + q, q)
263            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
264            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
265        ]
266
267        KEYWORDS = {
268            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
269            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
270            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
271            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
272            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
273            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
274            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
275            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
276        }
277        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
278        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}
class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
280    class Parser(parser.Parser):
281        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
282
283        FUNCTIONS = {
284            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
285            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
286            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
287            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
288            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
289            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
290            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
291            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
292            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
293            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
294            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
295                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
296            ),
297            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
298                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
299            ),
300            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
301            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
302            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
303            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
304                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
305            ),
306            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
307            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
308            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
309                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
310            ),
311            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
312            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
313                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
314            ),
315            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
317                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
318                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
319            ),
320            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
321            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
322            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
323            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
324            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
325                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
326            ),
327            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
328            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
329            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
330                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
331            ),
332            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
333            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
334            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
335        }
336
337        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
338        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
STATEMENT_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
RANGE_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
TYPE_CONVERTERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
340    class Generator(generator.Generator):
341        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
342        JOIN_HINTS = False
343        TABLE_HINTS = False
344        QUERY_HINTS = False
345        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
346        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
347        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
348        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
349        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
350        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
351        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
352        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
353        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
354        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
355        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
356        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
357
358        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
359            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
360            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
361            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
362        }
363
364        TYPE_MAPPING = {
365            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
366            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
367            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
368            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
369            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
370            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
371            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
372            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
373            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
374            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
375            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
376        }
377
378        TRANSFORMS = {
379            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
380            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
381            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
382                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
383            ),
384            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
385            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
386            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
387            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
388            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
389            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
390            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
391            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
392            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
393            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
394            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
395            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
396            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
397                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
398            ),
399            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
400            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
401            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
402                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
403            ),
404            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
405            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
406            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
407            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
408            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
409                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
410            ),
411            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
412            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
413            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
414            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
415            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
416            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
417            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
418            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
419            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
420            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
421            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
422            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
423            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
424            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
425            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
426                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
427            ),
428            exp.If: if_sql(),
429            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
430            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
431            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
432            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
433            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
434            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
435            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
436            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
437            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
438            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
439            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
440            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
441            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
442            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
443            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
444            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
445            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
446            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
447            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
448                [
449                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
450                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
451                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
452                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
453                ]
454            ),
455            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
456            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
457            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
458            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
459            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
460            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
461            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
462            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
463            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
464            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
465            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
466            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
467            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
468                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
469            ),
470            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
471            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
472            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
473            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
474            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
475            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
476            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
477            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
478            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
479            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
480            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
481            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
482            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
483            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
484            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
485            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
486            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
487            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
488                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
489            ),
490            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
491            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
492            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
493            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
494        }
495
496        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
497            "alter",
498            "and",
499            "as",
500            "between",
501            "by",
502            "case",
503            "cast",
504            "constraint",
505            "create",
506            "cross",
507            "current_time",
508            "current_timestamp",
509            "deallocate",
510            "delete",
511            "describe",
512            "distinct",
513            "drop",
514            "else",
515            "end",
516            "escape",
517            "except",
518            "execute",
519            "exists",
520            "extract",
521            "false",
522            "for",
523            "from",
524            "full",
525            "group",
526            "having",
527            "in",
528            "inner",
529            "insert",
530            "intersect",
531            "into",
532            "is",
533            "join",
534            "left",
535            "like",
536            "natural",
537            "not",
538            "null",
539            "on",
540            "or",
541            "order",
542            "outer",
543            "prepare",
544            "right",
545            "select",
546            "table",
547            "then",
548            "true",
549            "union",
550            "using",
551            "values",
552            "when",
553            "where",
554            "with",
555        }
556
557        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
558            this = expression.this
559
560            if not this.type:
561                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
562
563                this = annotate_types(this)
564
565            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
566                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
567
568            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
569
570        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
571            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
572            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
573            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
574            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
575            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
576            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
577            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
578            parse_with_tz = self.func(
579                "PARSE_DATETIME",
580                value_as_text,
581                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
582            )
583            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
584            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
585
586        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
587            if expression.args.get("safe"):
588                return self.func(
589                    "ELEMENT_AT",
590                    expression.this,
591                    seq_get(
592                        apply_index_offset(
593                            expression.this,
594                            expression.expressions,
595                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
596                        ),
597                        0,
598                    ),
599                )
600            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
601
602        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
603            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
604
605            expression = annotate_types(expression)
606            values: t.List[str] = []
607            schema: t.List[str] = []
608            unknown_type = False
609
610            for e in expression.expressions:
611                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
612                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
613                        unknown_type = True
614                    else:
615                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
616                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
617                else:
618                    values.append(self.sql(e))
619
620            size = len(expression.expressions)
621
622            if not size or len(schema) != size:
623                if unknown_type:
624                    self.unsupported(
625                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
626                    )
627                return self.func("ROW", *values)
628            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
629
630        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
631            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
632                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
633            return super().interval_sql(expression)
634
635        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
636            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
637            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
638            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
639
640        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
641            start = expression.args["start"]
642            end = expression.args["end"]
643            step = expression.args.get("step")
644
645            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
646                target_type = start.to
647            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
648                target_type = end.to
649            else:
650                target_type = None
651
652            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
653                if target_type is start.to:
654                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
655                else:
656                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
657
658            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
659
660        def offset_limit_modifiers(
661            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
662        ) -> t.List[str]:
663            return [
664                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
665                self.sql(limit),
666            ]
667
668        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
669            """
670            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
671            so we need to remove them
672            """
673            kind = expression.args["kind"]
674            schema = expression.this
675            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
676                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
677            return super().create_sql(expression)
678
679        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
680            """
681            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
682            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
683            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
684            """
685            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
686            if len(tables) > 1:
687                return super().delete_sql(expression)
688
689            table = tables[0]
690            expression.set("this", table)
691            expression.set("tables", None)
692
693            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
694                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
695                if table_alias:
696                    table_alias.pop()
697                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
698
699            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _jsonextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'and', 'group', 'like', 'natural', 'select', 'or', 'true', 'using', 'order', 'delete', 'insert', 'distinct', 'prepare', 'as', 'escape', 'is', 'then', 'alter', 'else', 'create', 'null', 'cross', 'with', 'table', 'deallocate', 'current_timestamp', 'end', 'when', 'inner', 'values', 'drop', 'current_time', 'right', 'between', 'cast', 'constraint', 'union', 'from', 'where', 'extract', 'execute', 'left', 'exists', 'not', 'false', 'for', 'case', 'describe', 'full', 'intersect', 'on', 'having', 'outer', 'in', 'into', 'except', 'by', 'join'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str:
557        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
558            this = expression.this
559
560            if not this.type:
561                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
562
563                this = annotate_types(this)
564
565            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
566                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
567
568            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str:
570        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
571            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
572            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
573            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
574            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
575            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
576            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
577            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
578            parse_with_tz = self.func(
579                "PARSE_DATETIME",
580                value_as_text,
581                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
582            )
583            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
584            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
586        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
587            if expression.args.get("safe"):
588                return self.func(
589                    "ELEMENT_AT",
590                    expression.this,
591                    seq_get(
592                        apply_index_offset(
593                            expression.this,
594                            expression.expressions,
595                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
596                        ),
597                        0,
598                    ),
599                )
600            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
602        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
603            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
604
605            expression = annotate_types(expression)
606            values: t.List[str] = []
607            schema: t.List[str] = []
608            unknown_type = False
609
610            for e in expression.expressions:
611                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
612                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
613                        unknown_type = True
614                    else:
615                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
616                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
617                else:
618                    values.append(self.sql(e))
619
620            size = len(expression.expressions)
621
622            if not size or len(schema) != size:
623                if unknown_type:
624                    self.unsupported(
625                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
626                    )
627                return self.func("ROW", *values)
628            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str:
630        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
631            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
632                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
633            return super().interval_sql(expression)
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
635        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
636            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
637            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
638            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
def generateseries_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries) -> str:
640        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
641            start = expression.args["start"]
642            end = expression.args["end"]
643            step = expression.args.get("step")
644
645            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
646                target_type = start.to
647            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
648                target_type = end.to
649            else:
650                target_type = None
651
652            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
653                if target_type is start.to:
654                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
655                else:
656                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
657
658            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]:
660        def offset_limit_modifiers(
661            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
662        ) -> t.List[str]:
663            return [
664                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
665                self.sql(limit),
666            ]
def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str:
668        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
669            """
670            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
671            so we need to remove them
672            """
673            kind = expression.args["kind"]
674            schema = expression.this
675            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
676                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
677            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: CREATE VIEW x (cola) then (cola) is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str:
679        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
680            """
681            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
682            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
683            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
684            """
685            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
686            if len(tables) > 1:
687                return super().delete_sql(expression)
688
689            table = tables[0]
690            expression.set("this", table)
691            expression.set("tables", None)
692
693            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
694                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
695                if table_alias:
696                    table_alias.pop()
697                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
698
699            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_SET_OP
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
COLLATE_IS_FUNC
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
TRY_SUPPORTED
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
STAR_EXCEPT
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
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