sqlglot.dialects.tsql
1from __future__ import annotations 2 3import datetime 4import re 5import typing as t 6 7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import ( 9 Dialect, 10 NormalizationStrategy, 11 any_value_to_max_sql, 12 date_delta_sql, 13 generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 14 max_or_greatest, 15 min_or_least, 16 parse_date_delta, 17 rename_func, 18 timestrtotime_sql, 19 ts_or_ds_to_date_sql, 20) 21from sqlglot.expressions import DataType 22from sqlglot.helper import seq_get 23from sqlglot.time import format_time 24from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType 25 26if t.TYPE_CHECKING: 27 from sqlglot._typing import E 28 29FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 30 "weekday": "%A", 31 "dw": "%A", 32 "w": "%A", 33 "month": "%B", 34 "mm": "%B", 35 "m": "%B", 36} 37 38DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = { 39 "year": "year", 40 "yyyy": "year", 41 "yy": "year", 42 "quarter": "quarter", 43 "qq": "quarter", 44 "q": "quarter", 45 "month": "month", 46 "mm": "month", 47 "m": "month", 48 "week": "week", 49 "ww": "week", 50 "wk": "week", 51 "day": "day", 52 "dd": "day", 53 "d": "day", 54} 55 56 57DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})") 58 59# N = Numeric, C=Currency 60TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"} 61 62DEFAULT_START_DATE = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1) 63 64BIT_TYPES = {exp.EQ, exp.NEQ, exp.Is, exp.In, exp.Select, exp.Alias} 65 66 67def _format_time_lambda( 68 exp_class: t.Type[E], full_format_mapping: t.Optional[bool] = None 69) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 70 def _format_time(args: t.List) -> E: 71 assert len(args) == 2 72 73 return exp_class( 74 this=exp.cast(args[1], "datetime"), 75 format=exp.Literal.string( 76 format_time( 77 args[0].name.lower(), 78 {**TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING} 79 if full_format_mapping 80 else TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, 81 ) 82 ), 83 ) 84 85 return _format_time 86 87 88def _parse_format(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 89 this = seq_get(args, 0) 90 fmt = seq_get(args, 1) 91 culture = seq_get(args, 2) 92 93 number_fmt = fmt and (fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.name)) 94 95 if number_fmt: 96 return exp.NumberToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 97 98 if fmt: 99 fmt = exp.Literal.string( 100 format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING) 101 if len(fmt.name) == 1 102 else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.TIME_MAPPING) 103 ) 104 105 return exp.TimeToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 106 107 108def _parse_eomonth(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 109 date = seq_get(args, 0) 110 month_lag = seq_get(args, 1) 111 unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month") 112 113 if month_lag is None: 114 return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=date) 115 116 # Remove month lag argument in parser as its compared with the number of arguments of the resulting class 117 args.remove(month_lag) 118 119 return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit)) 120 121 122def _parse_hashbytes(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 123 kind, data = args 124 kind = kind.name.upper() if kind.is_string else "" 125 126 if kind == "MD5": 127 args.pop(0) 128 return exp.MD5(this=data) 129 if kind in ("SHA", "SHA1"): 130 args.pop(0) 131 return exp.SHA(this=data) 132 if kind == "SHA2_256": 133 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(256)) 134 if kind == "SHA2_512": 135 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(512)) 136 137 return exp.func("HASHBYTES", *args) 138 139 140DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS = {"dw", "hour", "quarter"} 141 142 143def _format_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr) -> str: 144 fmt = ( 145 expression.args["format"] 146 if isinstance(expression, exp.NumberToStr) 147 else exp.Literal.string( 148 format_time( 149 expression.text("format"), 150 t.cast(t.Dict[str, str], TSQL.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING), 151 ) 152 ) 153 ) 154 155 # There is no format for "quarter" 156 if fmt.name.lower() in DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS: 157 return self.func("DATEPART", fmt.name, expression.this) 158 159 return self.func("FORMAT", expression.this, fmt, expression.args.get("culture")) 160 161 162def _string_agg_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str: 163 this = expression.this 164 distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct) 165 if distinct: 166 # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression 167 self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.") 168 this = distinct.pop().expressions[0] 169 170 order = "" 171 if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order): 172 if expression.this.this: 173 this = expression.this.this.pop() 174 order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(expression.this)[1:]})" # Order has a leading space 175 176 separator = expression.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",") 177 return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}" 178 179 180def _parse_date_delta( 181 exp_class: t.Type[E], unit_mapping: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None 182) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 183 def inner_func(args: t.List) -> E: 184 unit = seq_get(args, 0) 185 if unit and unit_mapping: 186 unit = exp.var(unit_mapping.get(unit.name.lower(), unit.name)) 187 188 start_date = seq_get(args, 1) 189 if start_date and start_date.is_number: 190 # Numeric types are valid DATETIME values 191 if start_date.is_int: 192 adds = DEFAULT_START_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=int(start_date.this)) 193 start_date = exp.Literal.string(adds.strftime("%F")) 194 else: 195 # We currently don't handle float values, i.e. they're not converted to equivalent DATETIMEs. 196 # This is not a problem when generating T-SQL code, it is when transpiling to other dialects. 197 return exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=start_date, unit=unit) 198 199 return exp_class( 200 this=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 2)), 201 expression=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=start_date), 202 unit=unit, 203 ) 204 205 return inner_func 206 207 208def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression: 209 """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.""" 210 alias = expression.args.get("alias") 211 212 if ( 213 isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery)) 214 and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) 215 and not alias.columns 216 ): 217 from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs 218 219 # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions 220 # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases 221 # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents 222 subqueryable = expression.this 223 unaliased_column_indexes = ( 224 i 225 for i, c in enumerate(subqueryable.selects) 226 if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias 227 ) 228 229 qualify_outputs(subqueryable) 230 231 # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes 232 subqueryable_selects = subqueryable.selects 233 for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes: 234 alias = subqueryable_selects[select_index] 235 column = alias.this 236 if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier): 237 alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted) 238 239 return expression 240 241 242class TSQL(Dialect): 243 NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE 244 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 245 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 246 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 247 TYPED_DIVISION = True 248 CONCAT_COALESCE = True 249 250 TIME_MAPPING = { 251 "year": "%Y", 252 "dayofyear": "%j", 253 "day": "%d", 254 "dy": "%d", 255 "y": "%Y", 256 "week": "%W", 257 "ww": "%W", 258 "wk": "%W", 259 "hour": "%h", 260 "hh": "%I", 261 "minute": "%M", 262 "mi": "%M", 263 "n": "%M", 264 "second": "%S", 265 "ss": "%S", 266 "s": "%-S", 267 "millisecond": "%f", 268 "ms": "%f", 269 "weekday": "%W", 270 "dw": "%W", 271 "month": "%m", 272 "mm": "%M", 273 "m": "%-M", 274 "Y": "%Y", 275 "YYYY": "%Y", 276 "YY": "%y", 277 "MMMM": "%B", 278 "MMM": "%b", 279 "MM": "%m", 280 "M": "%-m", 281 "dddd": "%A", 282 "dd": "%d", 283 "d": "%-d", 284 "HH": "%H", 285 "H": "%-H", 286 "h": "%-I", 287 "S": "%f", 288 "yyyy": "%Y", 289 "yy": "%y", 290 } 291 292 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 293 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 294 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 295 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 296 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 297 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 298 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 299 "6": "%d %b %y", 300 "7": "%b %d, %y", 301 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 302 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 303 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 304 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 305 "12": "yymmdd", 306 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 307 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 308 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 309 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 310 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 311 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 312 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 313 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 314 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 315 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 316 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 317 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 318 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 319 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 320 "106": "%d %b %Y", 321 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 322 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 323 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 324 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 325 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 326 "112": "%Y%m%d", 327 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 328 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 329 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 330 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 331 } 332 333 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 334 "y": "%B %Y", 335 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 336 "H": "%-H", 337 "h": "%-I", 338 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 339 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 340 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 341 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 342 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 343 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 344 "M": "%B %-d", 345 "m": "%B %-d", 346 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 347 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 348 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 349 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 350 "t": "%-I:%M", 351 "Y": "%a %Y", 352 } 353 354 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 355 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 356 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 357 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 358 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 359 360 KEYWORDS = { 361 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 362 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 363 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 364 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 365 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 366 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 367 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 368 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 369 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 370 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 371 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 372 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 373 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 374 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 375 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 376 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 377 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 378 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 379 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 380 "XML": TokenType.XML, 381 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 382 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 383 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 384 } 385 386 class Parser(parser.Parser): 387 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 388 389 FUNCTIONS = { 390 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 391 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 392 this=seq_get(args, 1), 393 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 394 position=seq_get(args, 2), 395 ), 396 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 397 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 398 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 399 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 400 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 401 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 402 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 403 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 404 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 405 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 406 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 407 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 408 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 409 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 410 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 411 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 412 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 413 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 414 } 415 416 JOIN_HINTS = { 417 "LOOP", 418 "HASH", 419 "MERGE", 420 "REMOTE", 421 } 422 423 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 424 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 425 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 426 DataType.Type.CHAR, 427 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 428 } 429 430 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 431 TokenType.TABLE, 432 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 433 } 434 435 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 436 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 437 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 438 } 439 440 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 441 442 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 443 444 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 445 """ 446 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 447 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 448 449 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 450 """ 451 return [ 452 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 453 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 454 else projection 455 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 456 ] 457 458 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 459 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 460 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 461 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 462 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 463 464 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 465 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 466 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 467 """ 468 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 469 470 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 471 this = self._parse_id_var() 472 473 if rollback: 474 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 475 476 durability = None 477 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 478 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 479 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 480 481 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 482 durability = False 483 else: 484 self._match(TokenType.ON) 485 durability = True 486 487 self._match_r_paren() 488 489 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 490 491 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 492 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 493 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 494 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 495 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 496 ] 497 """ 498 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 499 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 500 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 501 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 502 503 return transaction 504 505 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 506 507 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 508 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 509 returns = super()._parse_returns() 510 returns.set("table", table) 511 return returns 512 513 def _parse_convert( 514 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 515 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 516 to = self._parse_types() 517 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 518 this = self._parse_conjunction() 519 520 if not to or not this: 521 return None 522 523 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 524 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 525 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 526 527 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 528 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 529 format_val = self._parse_number() 530 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 531 532 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 533 raise ValueError( 534 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 535 ) 536 537 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 538 539 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 540 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 541 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 542 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 543 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 544 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 545 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 546 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 547 return self.expression( 548 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 549 to=to, 550 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 551 safe=safe, 552 ) 553 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 554 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 555 556 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 557 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 558 559 def _parse_user_defined_function( 560 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 561 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 562 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 563 564 if ( 565 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 566 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 567 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 568 ): 569 return this 570 571 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 572 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 573 574 def _parse_id_var( 575 self, 576 any_token: bool = True, 577 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 578 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 579 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 580 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 581 582 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 583 if this: 584 if is_global: 585 this.set("global", True) 586 elif is_temporary: 587 this.set("temporary", True) 588 589 return this 590 591 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 592 create = super()._parse_create() 593 594 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 595 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 596 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 597 if not create.args.get("properties"): 598 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 599 600 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 601 602 return create 603 604 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 605 index = self._index 606 607 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 608 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 609 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 610 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 611 self._retreat(index) 612 613 return super()._parse_if() 614 615 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 616 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 617 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 618 else: 619 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 620 621 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 622 623 class Generator(generator.Generator): 624 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 625 QUERY_HINTS = False 626 RETURNING_END = False 627 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 628 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 629 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 630 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 631 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 632 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 633 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 634 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 635 636 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 637 exp.Delete, 638 exp.Insert, 639 exp.Merge, 640 exp.Select, 641 exp.Subquery, 642 exp.Union, 643 exp.Update, 644 } 645 646 TYPE_MAPPING = { 647 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 648 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 649 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 650 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 651 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 652 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 653 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 654 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 655 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 656 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 657 } 658 659 TRANSFORMS = { 660 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 661 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 662 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 663 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 664 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 665 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 666 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 667 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 668 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 669 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 670 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 671 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 672 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 673 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 674 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 675 exp.Min: min_or_least, 676 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 677 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 678 [ 679 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 680 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 681 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 682 ] 683 ), 684 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 685 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 686 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 687 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 688 ), 689 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 690 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 691 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 692 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 693 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 694 exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("tsql"), 695 } 696 697 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 698 699 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 700 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 701 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 702 } 703 704 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 705 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 706 if limit: 707 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 708 709 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 710 711 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 712 this = expression.this 713 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 714 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 715 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 716 717 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 718 719 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 720 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 721 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 722 723 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 724 725 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 726 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 727 return self.binary(expression, "=") 728 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 729 730 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 731 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 732 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 733 734 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 735 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 736 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 737 ): 738 sql = f"#{sql}" 739 740 return sql 741 742 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 743 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 744 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 745 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 746 747 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 748 749 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 750 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 751 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 752 if ctas_with: 753 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 754 755 subquery = expression.expression 756 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 757 subquery = subquery.subquery() 758 759 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 760 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 761 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 762 763 sql = self.sql(select_into) 764 765 if exists: 766 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 767 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 768 if kind == "SCHEMA": 769 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 770 elif kind == "TABLE": 771 assert table 772 where = exp.and_( 773 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 774 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 775 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 776 ) 777 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 778 elif kind == "INDEX": 779 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 780 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 781 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 782 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 783 784 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 785 786 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 787 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 788 789 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 790 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 791 this = f"FOR {name}" 792 expr = expression.expression 793 kind = expression.text("kind") 794 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 795 args = expr.expressions 796 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 797 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 798 else: 799 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 800 801 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 802 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 803 804 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 805 table = expression.args.get("table") 806 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 807 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 808 809 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 810 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 811 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 812 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 813 814 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 815 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 816 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 817 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 818 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 819 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 820 821 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 822 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 823 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 824 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 825 durability = ( 826 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 827 if durability is not None 828 else "" 829 ) 830 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 831 832 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 833 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 834 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 835 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 836 837 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 838 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 839 840 if expression.args.get("global"): 841 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 842 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 843 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 844 845 return identifier 846 847 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 848 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 849 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 850 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'weekday': '%A', 'dw': '%A', 'w': '%A', 'month': '%B', 'mm': '%B', 'm': '%B'}
DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL =
{'year': 'year', 'yyyy': 'year', 'yy': 'year', 'quarter': 'quarter', 'qq': 'quarter', 'q': 'quarter', 'month': 'month', 'mm': 'month', 'm': 'month', 'week': 'week', 'ww': 'week', 'wk': 'week', 'day': 'day', 'dd': 'day', 'd': 'day'}
DATE_FMT_RE =
re.compile('([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})')
TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT =
{'C', 'N'}
DEFAULT_START_DATE =
datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
BIT_TYPES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>}
DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS =
{'hour', 'dw', 'quarter'}
def
qualify_derived_table_outputs( expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> sqlglot.expressions.Expression:
209def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression: 210 """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.""" 211 alias = expression.args.get("alias") 212 213 if ( 214 isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery)) 215 and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) 216 and not alias.columns 217 ): 218 from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs 219 220 # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions 221 # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases 222 # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents 223 subqueryable = expression.this 224 unaliased_column_indexes = ( 225 i 226 for i, c in enumerate(subqueryable.selects) 227 if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias 228 ) 229 230 qualify_outputs(subqueryable) 231 232 # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes 233 subqueryable_selects = subqueryable.selects 234 for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes: 235 alias = subqueryable_selects[select_index] 236 column = alias.this 237 if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier): 238 alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted) 239 240 return expression
Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.
243class TSQL(Dialect): 244 NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE 245 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 246 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 247 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 248 TYPED_DIVISION = True 249 CONCAT_COALESCE = True 250 251 TIME_MAPPING = { 252 "year": "%Y", 253 "dayofyear": "%j", 254 "day": "%d", 255 "dy": "%d", 256 "y": "%Y", 257 "week": "%W", 258 "ww": "%W", 259 "wk": "%W", 260 "hour": "%h", 261 "hh": "%I", 262 "minute": "%M", 263 "mi": "%M", 264 "n": "%M", 265 "second": "%S", 266 "ss": "%S", 267 "s": "%-S", 268 "millisecond": "%f", 269 "ms": "%f", 270 "weekday": "%W", 271 "dw": "%W", 272 "month": "%m", 273 "mm": "%M", 274 "m": "%-M", 275 "Y": "%Y", 276 "YYYY": "%Y", 277 "YY": "%y", 278 "MMMM": "%B", 279 "MMM": "%b", 280 "MM": "%m", 281 "M": "%-m", 282 "dddd": "%A", 283 "dd": "%d", 284 "d": "%-d", 285 "HH": "%H", 286 "H": "%-H", 287 "h": "%-I", 288 "S": "%f", 289 "yyyy": "%Y", 290 "yy": "%y", 291 } 292 293 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 294 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 295 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 296 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 297 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 298 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 299 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 300 "6": "%d %b %y", 301 "7": "%b %d, %y", 302 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 303 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 304 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 305 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 306 "12": "yymmdd", 307 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 308 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 309 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 310 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 311 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 312 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 313 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 314 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 315 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 316 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 317 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 318 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 319 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 320 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 321 "106": "%d %b %Y", 322 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 323 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 324 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 325 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 326 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 327 "112": "%Y%m%d", 328 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 329 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 330 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 331 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 332 } 333 334 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 335 "y": "%B %Y", 336 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 337 "H": "%-H", 338 "h": "%-I", 339 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 340 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 341 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 342 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 343 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 344 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 345 "M": "%B %-d", 346 "m": "%B %-d", 347 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 348 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 349 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 350 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 351 "t": "%-I:%M", 352 "Y": "%a %Y", 353 } 354 355 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 356 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 357 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 358 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 359 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 360 361 KEYWORDS = { 362 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 363 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 364 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 365 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 366 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 367 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 368 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 369 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 370 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 371 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 372 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 373 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 374 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 375 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 376 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 377 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 378 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 379 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 380 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 381 "XML": TokenType.XML, 382 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 383 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 384 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 385 } 386 387 class Parser(parser.Parser): 388 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 389 390 FUNCTIONS = { 391 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 392 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 393 this=seq_get(args, 1), 394 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 395 position=seq_get(args, 2), 396 ), 397 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 398 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 399 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 400 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 401 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 402 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 403 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 404 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 405 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 406 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 407 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 408 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 409 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 410 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 411 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 412 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 413 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 414 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 415 } 416 417 JOIN_HINTS = { 418 "LOOP", 419 "HASH", 420 "MERGE", 421 "REMOTE", 422 } 423 424 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 425 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 426 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 427 DataType.Type.CHAR, 428 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 429 } 430 431 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 432 TokenType.TABLE, 433 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 434 } 435 436 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 437 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 438 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 439 } 440 441 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 442 443 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 444 445 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 446 """ 447 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 448 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 449 450 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 451 """ 452 return [ 453 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 454 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 455 else projection 456 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 457 ] 458 459 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 460 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 461 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 462 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 463 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 464 465 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 466 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 467 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 468 """ 469 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 470 471 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 472 this = self._parse_id_var() 473 474 if rollback: 475 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 476 477 durability = None 478 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 479 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 480 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 481 482 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 483 durability = False 484 else: 485 self._match(TokenType.ON) 486 durability = True 487 488 self._match_r_paren() 489 490 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 491 492 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 493 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 494 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 495 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 496 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 497 ] 498 """ 499 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 500 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 501 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 502 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 503 504 return transaction 505 506 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 507 508 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 509 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 510 returns = super()._parse_returns() 511 returns.set("table", table) 512 return returns 513 514 def _parse_convert( 515 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 516 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 517 to = self._parse_types() 518 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 519 this = self._parse_conjunction() 520 521 if not to or not this: 522 return None 523 524 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 525 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 526 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 527 528 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 529 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 530 format_val = self._parse_number() 531 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 532 533 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 534 raise ValueError( 535 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 536 ) 537 538 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 539 540 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 541 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 542 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 543 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 544 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 545 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 546 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 547 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 548 return self.expression( 549 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 550 to=to, 551 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 552 safe=safe, 553 ) 554 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 555 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 556 557 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 558 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 559 560 def _parse_user_defined_function( 561 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 562 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 563 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 564 565 if ( 566 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 567 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 568 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 569 ): 570 return this 571 572 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 573 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 574 575 def _parse_id_var( 576 self, 577 any_token: bool = True, 578 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 579 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 580 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 581 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 582 583 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 584 if this: 585 if is_global: 586 this.set("global", True) 587 elif is_temporary: 588 this.set("temporary", True) 589 590 return this 591 592 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 593 create = super()._parse_create() 594 595 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 596 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 597 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 598 if not create.args.get("properties"): 599 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 600 601 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 602 603 return create 604 605 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 606 index = self._index 607 608 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 609 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 610 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 611 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 612 self._retreat(index) 613 614 return super()._parse_if() 615 616 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 617 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 618 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 619 else: 620 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 621 622 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 623 624 class Generator(generator.Generator): 625 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 626 QUERY_HINTS = False 627 RETURNING_END = False 628 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 629 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 630 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 631 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 632 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 633 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 634 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 635 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 636 637 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 638 exp.Delete, 639 exp.Insert, 640 exp.Merge, 641 exp.Select, 642 exp.Subquery, 643 exp.Union, 644 exp.Update, 645 } 646 647 TYPE_MAPPING = { 648 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 649 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 650 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 651 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 652 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 653 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 654 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 655 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 656 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 657 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 658 } 659 660 TRANSFORMS = { 661 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 662 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 663 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 664 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 665 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 666 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 667 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 668 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 669 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 670 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 671 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 672 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 673 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 674 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 675 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 676 exp.Min: min_or_least, 677 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 678 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 679 [ 680 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 681 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 682 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 683 ] 684 ), 685 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 686 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 687 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 688 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 689 ), 690 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 691 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 692 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 693 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 694 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 695 exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("tsql"), 696 } 697 698 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 699 700 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 701 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 702 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 703 } 704 705 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 706 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 707 if limit: 708 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 709 710 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 711 712 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 713 this = expression.this 714 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 715 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 716 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 717 718 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 719 720 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 721 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 722 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 723 724 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 725 726 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 727 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 728 return self.binary(expression, "=") 729 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 730 731 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 732 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 733 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 734 735 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 736 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 737 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 738 ): 739 sql = f"#{sql}" 740 741 return sql 742 743 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 744 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 745 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 746 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 747 748 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 749 750 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 751 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 752 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 753 if ctas_with: 754 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 755 756 subquery = expression.expression 757 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 758 subquery = subquery.subquery() 759 760 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 761 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 762 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 763 764 sql = self.sql(select_into) 765 766 if exists: 767 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 768 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 769 if kind == "SCHEMA": 770 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 771 elif kind == "TABLE": 772 assert table 773 where = exp.and_( 774 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 775 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 776 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 777 ) 778 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 779 elif kind == "INDEX": 780 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 781 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 782 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 783 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 784 785 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 786 787 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 788 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 789 790 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 791 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 792 this = f"FOR {name}" 793 expr = expression.expression 794 kind = expression.text("kind") 795 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 796 args = expr.expressions 797 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 798 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 799 else: 800 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 801 802 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 803 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 804 805 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 806 table = expression.args.get("table") 807 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 808 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 809 810 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 811 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 812 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 813 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 814 815 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 816 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 817 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 818 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 819 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 820 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 821 822 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 823 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 824 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 825 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 826 durability = ( 827 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 828 if durability is not None 829 else "" 830 ) 831 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 832 833 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 834 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 835 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 836 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 837 838 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 839 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 840 841 if expression.args.get("global"): 842 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 843 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 844 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 845 846 return identifier 847 848 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 849 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 850 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 851 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'year': '%Y', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%W', 'dw': '%W', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dddd': '%A', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'S': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}
CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING =
{'0': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '1': '%m/%d/%y', '2': '%y.%m.%d', '3': '%d/%m/%y', '4': '%d.%m.%y', '5': '%d-%m-%y', '6': '%d %b %y', '7': '%b %d, %y', '8': '%H:%M:%S', '9': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '10': 'mm-dd-yy', '11': 'yy/mm/dd', '12': 'yymmdd', '13': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f', '14': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '20': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '21': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '22': '%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p', '23': '%Y-%m-%d', '24': '%H:%M:%S', '25': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '100': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '101': '%m/%d/%Y', '102': '%Y.%m.%d', '103': '%d/%m/%Y', '104': '%d.%m.%Y', '105': '%d-%m-%Y', '106': '%d %b %Y', '107': '%b %d, %Y', '108': '%H:%M:%S', '109': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '110': '%m-%d-%Y', '111': '%Y/%m/%d', '112': '%Y%m%d', '113': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f', '114': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '120': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '121': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'}
FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'y': '%B %Y', 'd': '%m/%d/%Y', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 's': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'D': '%A,%B,%Y', 'f': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p', 'F': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'g': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p', 'G': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'M': '%B %-d', 'm': '%B %-d', 'O': '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', 'u': '%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z', 'U': '%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z', 'T': '%-I:%M:%S %p', 't': '%-I:%M', 'Y': '%a %Y'}
tokenizer_class =
<class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
parser_class =
<class 'TSQL.Parser'>
generator_class =
<class 'TSQL.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'%Y': 'yyyy', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'dw', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'S', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%A': 'dddd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
- Dialect
- INDEX_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
- DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- NULL_ORDERING
- SAFE_DIVISION
- DATE_FORMAT
- DATEINT_FORMAT
- FORMAT_MAPPING
- ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
- PSEUDOCOLUMNS
- get_or_raise
- format_time
- normalize_identifier
- case_sensitive
- can_identify
- quote_identifier
- parse
- parse_into
- generate
- transpile
- tokenize
- tokenizer
- parser
- generator
355 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 356 IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")] 357 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 358 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 359 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 360 361 KEYWORDS = { 362 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 363 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 364 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 365 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 366 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 367 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 368 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 369 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 370 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 371 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 372 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 373 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 374 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 375 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 376 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 377 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 378 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 379 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 380 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 381 "XML": TokenType.XML, 382 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 383 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 384 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 385 }
KEYWORDS =
{'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DATETIME2': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'DATETIMEOFFSET': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'IMAGE': <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, 'NTEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'NVARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'PRINT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PROC': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'ROWVERSION': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, 'SMALLDATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'SMALLMONEY': <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, 'SQL_VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER': <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, 'UPDATE STATISTICS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, 'OUTPUT': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>}
387 class Parser(parser.Parser): 388 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 389 390 FUNCTIONS = { 391 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 392 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 393 this=seq_get(args, 1), 394 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 395 position=seq_get(args, 2), 396 ), 397 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 398 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 399 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 400 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 401 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 402 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 403 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 404 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 405 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 406 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 407 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 408 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 409 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 410 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 411 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 412 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 413 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 414 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 415 } 416 417 JOIN_HINTS = { 418 "LOOP", 419 "HASH", 420 "MERGE", 421 "REMOTE", 422 } 423 424 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 425 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 426 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 427 DataType.Type.CHAR, 428 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 429 } 430 431 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 432 TokenType.TABLE, 433 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 434 } 435 436 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 437 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 438 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 439 } 440 441 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 442 443 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 444 445 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 446 """ 447 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 448 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 449 450 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 451 """ 452 return [ 453 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 454 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 455 else projection 456 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 457 ] 458 459 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 460 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 461 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 462 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 463 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 464 465 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 466 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 467 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 468 """ 469 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 470 471 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 472 this = self._parse_id_var() 473 474 if rollback: 475 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 476 477 durability = None 478 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 479 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 480 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 481 482 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 483 durability = False 484 else: 485 self._match(TokenType.ON) 486 durability = True 487 488 self._match_r_paren() 489 490 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 491 492 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 493 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 494 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 495 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 496 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 497 ] 498 """ 499 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 500 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 501 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 502 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 503 504 return transaction 505 506 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 507 508 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 509 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 510 returns = super()._parse_returns() 511 returns.set("table", table) 512 return returns 513 514 def _parse_convert( 515 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 516 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 517 to = self._parse_types() 518 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 519 this = self._parse_conjunction() 520 521 if not to or not this: 522 return None 523 524 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 525 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 526 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 527 528 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 529 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 530 format_val = self._parse_number() 531 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 532 533 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 534 raise ValueError( 535 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 536 ) 537 538 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 539 540 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 541 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 542 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 543 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 544 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 545 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 546 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 547 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 548 return self.expression( 549 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 550 to=to, 551 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 552 safe=safe, 553 ) 554 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 555 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 556 557 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 558 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 559 560 def _parse_user_defined_function( 561 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 562 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 563 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 564 565 if ( 566 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 567 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 568 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 569 ): 570 return this 571 572 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 573 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 574 575 def _parse_id_var( 576 self, 577 any_token: bool = True, 578 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 579 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 580 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 581 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 582 583 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 584 if this: 585 if is_global: 586 this.set("global", True) 587 elif is_temporary: 588 this.set("temporary", True) 589 590 return this 591 592 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 593 create = super()._parse_create() 594 595 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 596 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 597 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 598 if not create.args.get("properties"): 599 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 600 601 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 602 603 return create 604 605 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 606 index = self._index 607 608 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 609 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 610 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 611 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 612 self._retreat(index) 613 614 return super()._parse_if() 615 616 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 617 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 618 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 619 else: 620 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 621 622 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this)
Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.
Arguments:
- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
FUNCTIONS =
{'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_date_delta.<locals>.inner_func>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'CHARINDEX': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function parse_date_delta.<locals>.inner_func>, 'DATENAME': <function _format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'DATEPART': <function _format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'EOMONTH': <function _parse_eomonth>, 'FORMAT': <function _parse_format>, 'GETDATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'HASHBYTES': <function _parse_hashbytes>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'ISNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'JSON_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'REPLICATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'SQUARE': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSDATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'SUSER_NAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SUSER_SNAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>}
VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES =
{<Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>}
RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS =
{<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>}
SET_TRIE: Dict =
{'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.parser.Parser
- Parser
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
- STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
- NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
- ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
- TYPE_TOKENS
- SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
- SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
- RESERVED_TOKENS
- DB_CREATABLES
- CREATABLES
- ID_VAR_TOKENS
- INTERVAL_VARS
- COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- TRIM_TYPES
- FUNC_TOKENS
- CONJUNCTION
- EQUALITY
- COMPARISON
- BITWISE
- TERM
- FACTOR
- EXPONENT
- TIMES
- TIMESTAMPS
- SET_OPERATIONS
- JOIN_METHODS
- JOIN_SIDES
- JOIN_KINDS
- LAMBDAS
- COLUMN_OPERATORS
- EXPRESSION_PARSERS
- UNARY_PARSERS
- PRIMARY_PARSERS
- PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
- RANGE_PARSERS
- PROPERTY_PARSERS
- CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
- ALTER_PARSERS
- SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
- INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
- FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
- FUNCTION_PARSERS
- QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
- SET_PARSERS
- SHOW_PARSERS
- TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
- MODIFIABLES
- DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
- PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
- TRANSACTION_KIND
- TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
- INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
- CLONE_KEYWORDS
- HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
- OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
- OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
- TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
- WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
- WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
- WINDOW_SIDES
- FETCH_TOKENS
- ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
- DISTINCT_TOKENS
- NULL_TOKENS
- UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
- STRICT_CAST
- PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
- IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
- TABLESAMPLE_CSV
- TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
- MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
- UNION_MODIFIERS
- error_level
- error_message_context
- max_errors
- dialect
- reset
- parse
- parse_into
- check_errors
- raise_error
- expression
- validate_expression
- errors
- sql
624 class Generator(generator.Generator): 625 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 626 QUERY_HINTS = False 627 RETURNING_END = False 628 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 629 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 630 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 631 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 632 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 633 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 634 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 635 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 636 637 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 638 exp.Delete, 639 exp.Insert, 640 exp.Merge, 641 exp.Select, 642 exp.Subquery, 643 exp.Union, 644 exp.Update, 645 } 646 647 TYPE_MAPPING = { 648 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 649 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 650 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 651 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 652 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 653 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 654 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 655 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 656 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 657 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 658 } 659 660 TRANSFORMS = { 661 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 662 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 663 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 664 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 665 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 666 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 667 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 668 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 669 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 670 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 671 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 672 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 673 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 674 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 675 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 676 exp.Min: min_or_least, 677 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 678 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 679 [ 680 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 681 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 682 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 683 ] 684 ), 685 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 686 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 687 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 688 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 689 ), 690 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 691 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 692 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 693 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 694 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 695 exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("tsql"), 696 } 697 698 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 699 700 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 701 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 702 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 703 } 704 705 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 706 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 707 if limit: 708 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 709 710 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 711 712 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 713 this = expression.this 714 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 715 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 716 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 717 718 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 719 720 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 721 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 722 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 723 724 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 725 726 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 727 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 728 return self.binary(expression, "=") 729 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 730 731 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 732 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 733 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 734 735 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 736 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 737 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 738 ): 739 sql = f"#{sql}" 740 741 return sql 742 743 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 744 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 745 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 746 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 747 748 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 749 750 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 751 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 752 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 753 if ctas_with: 754 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 755 756 subquery = expression.expression 757 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 758 subquery = subquery.subquery() 759 760 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 761 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 762 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 763 764 sql = self.sql(select_into) 765 766 if exists: 767 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 768 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 769 if kind == "SCHEMA": 770 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 771 elif kind == "TABLE": 772 assert table 773 where = exp.and_( 774 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 775 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 776 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 777 ) 778 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 779 elif kind == "INDEX": 780 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 781 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 782 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 783 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 784 785 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 786 787 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 788 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 789 790 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 791 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 792 this = f"FOR {name}" 793 expr = expression.expression 794 kind = expression.text("kind") 795 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 796 args = expr.expressions 797 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 798 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 799 else: 800 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 801 802 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 803 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 804 805 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 806 table = expression.args.get("table") 807 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 808 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 809 810 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 811 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 812 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 813 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 814 815 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 816 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 817 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 818 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 819 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 820 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 821 822 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 823 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 824 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 825 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 826 durability = ( 827 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 828 if durability is not None 829 else "" 830 ) 831 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 832 833 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 834 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 835 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 836 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 837 838 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 839 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 840 841 if expression.args.get("global"): 842 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 843 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 844 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 845 846 return identifier 847 848 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 849 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 850 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 851 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.
Arguments:
- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Merge'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Update'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Delete'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Insert'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>}
TYPE_MAPPING =
{<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BIT', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR(MAX)', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'DATETIMEOFFSET', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'SQL_VARIANT'}
TRANSFORMS =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function any_value_to_max_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint'>: <function generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _string_agg_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
712 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 713 this = expression.this 714 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 715 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 716 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 717 718 return super().setitem_sql(expression)
731 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 732 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 733 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 734 735 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 736 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 737 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 738 ): 739 sql = f"#{sql}" 740 741 return sql
743 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 744 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 745 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 746 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 747 748 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 749 750 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 751 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 752 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 753 if ctas_with: 754 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 755 756 subquery = expression.expression 757 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 758 subquery = subquery.subquery() 759 760 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 761 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 762 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 763 764 sql = self.sql(select_into) 765 766 if exists: 767 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 768 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 769 if kind == "SCHEMA": 770 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 771 elif kind == "TABLE": 772 assert table 773 where = exp.and_( 774 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 775 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 776 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 777 ) 778 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 779 elif kind == "INDEX": 780 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 781 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 782 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 783 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 784 785 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
790 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 791 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 792 this = f"FOR {name}" 793 expr = expression.expression 794 kind = expression.text("kind") 795 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 796 args = expr.expressions 797 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 798 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 799 else: 800 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 801 802 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 803 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
822 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 823 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 824 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 825 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 826 durability = ( 827 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 828 if durability is not None 829 else "" 830 ) 831 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.generator.Generator
- Generator
- LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
- EXPLICIT_UNION
- WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
- CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
- MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
- SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
- INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
- TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
- TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
- LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
- RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
- GROUPINGS_SEP
- INDEX_ON
- JOIN_HINTS
- TABLE_HINTS
- QUERY_HINT_SEP
- IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
- DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
- COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
- EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
- TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
- VALUES_AS_TABLE
- UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
- AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
- SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
- SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
- TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
- COLLATE_IS_FUNC
- DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
- STAR_MAPPING
- TIME_PART_SINGULARS
- TOKEN_MAPPING
- STRUCT_DELIMITER
- PARAMETER_TOKEN
- RESERVED_KEYWORDS
- WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
- EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
- UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
- KEY_VALUE_DEFINITONS
- SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
- pretty
- identify
- normalize
- pad
- unsupported_level
- max_unsupported
- leading_comma
- max_text_width
- comments
- dialect
- normalize_functions
- unsupported_messages
- generate
- preprocess
- unsupported
- sep
- seg
- pad_comment
- maybe_comment
- wrap
- no_identify
- normalize_func
- indent
- sql
- uncache_sql
- cache_sql
- characterset_sql
- column_sql
- columnposition_sql
- columndef_sql
- columnconstraint_sql
- computedcolumnconstraint_sql
- autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
- compresscolumnconstraint_sql
- generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
- generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
- periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
- notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
- transformcolumnconstraint_sql
- primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
- uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
- clone_sql
- describe_sql
- prepend_ctes
- with_sql
- cte_sql
- tablealias_sql
- bitstring_sql
- hexstring_sql
- bytestring_sql
- rawstring_sql
- datatypeparam_sql
- datatype_sql
- directory_sql
- delete_sql
- drop_sql
- except_sql
- except_op
- fetch_sql
- filter_sql
- hint_sql
- index_sql
- inputoutputformat_sql
- national_sql
- partition_sql
- properties_sql
- root_properties
- properties
- with_properties
- locate_properties
- property_name
- property_sql
- likeproperty_sql
- fallbackproperty_sql
- journalproperty_sql
- freespaceproperty_sql
- checksumproperty_sql
- mergeblockratioproperty_sql
- datablocksizeproperty_sql
- blockcompressionproperty_sql
- isolatedloadingproperty_sql
- partitionboundspec_sql
- partitionedofproperty_sql
- lockingproperty_sql
- withdataproperty_sql
- withsystemversioningproperty_sql
- insert_sql
- intersect_sql
- intersect_op
- introducer_sql
- kill_sql
- pseudotype_sql
- objectidentifier_sql
- onconflict_sql
- rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
- withtablehint_sql
- indextablehint_sql
- historicaldata_sql
- table_sql
- tablesample_sql
- pivot_sql
- tuple_sql
- update_sql
- values_sql
- var_sql
- into_sql
- from_sql
- group_sql
- having_sql
- connect_sql
- prior_sql
- join_sql
- lambda_sql
- lateral_sql
- limit_sql
- set_sql
- pragma_sql
- lock_sql
- literal_sql
- escape_str
- loaddata_sql
- null_sql
- order_sql
- cluster_sql
- distribute_sql
- sort_sql
- ordered_sql
- matchrecognize_sql
- query_modifiers
- offset_limit_modifiers
- after_having_modifiers
- after_limit_modifiers
- select_sql
- schema_sql
- schema_columns_sql
- star_sql
- parameter_sql
- sessionparameter_sql
- placeholder_sql
- subquery_sql
- qualify_sql
- union_sql
- union_op
- unnest_sql
- where_sql
- window_sql
- partition_by_sql
- windowspec_sql
- withingroup_sql
- between_sql
- bracket_sql
- all_sql
- any_sql
- exists_sql
- case_sql
- nextvaluefor_sql
- extract_sql
- trim_sql
- convert_concat_args
- concat_sql
- concatws_sql
- check_sql
- foreignkey_sql
- primarykey_sql
- if_sql
- matchagainst_sql
- jsonkeyvalue_sql
- formatjson_sql
- jsonobject_sql
- jsonarray_sql
- jsonarrayagg_sql
- jsoncolumndef_sql
- jsonschema_sql
- jsontable_sql
- openjsoncolumndef_sql
- openjson_sql
- in_sql
- in_unnest_op
- interval_sql
- return_sql
- reference_sql
- anonymous_sql
- paren_sql
- neg_sql
- not_sql
- alias_sql
- aliases_sql
- attimezone_sql
- add_sql
- and_sql
- xor_sql
- connector_sql
- bitwiseand_sql
- bitwiseleftshift_sql
- bitwisenot_sql
- bitwiseor_sql
- bitwiserightshift_sql
- bitwisexor_sql
- cast_sql
- currentdate_sql
- collate_sql
- command_sql
- comment_sql
- mergetreettlaction_sql
- mergetreettl_sql
- altercolumn_sql
- renametable_sql
- altertable_sql
- add_column_sql
- droppartition_sql
- addconstraint_sql
- distinct_sql
- ignorenulls_sql
- respectnulls_sql
- intdiv_sql
- dpipe_sql
- div_sql
- overlaps_sql
- distance_sql
- dot_sql
- eq_sql
- propertyeq_sql
- escape_sql
- glob_sql
- gt_sql
- gte_sql
- ilike_sql
- ilikeany_sql
- like_sql
- likeany_sql
- similarto_sql
- lt_sql
- lte_sql
- mod_sql
- mul_sql
- neq_sql
- nullsafeeq_sql
- nullsafeneq_sql
- or_sql
- slice_sql
- sub_sql
- trycast_sql
- log_sql
- use_sql
- binary
- function_fallback_sql
- func
- format_args
- text_width
- format_time
- expressions
- op_expressions
- naked_property
- tag_sql
- token_sql
- userdefinedfunction_sql
- joinhint_sql
- kwarg_sql
- when_sql
- merge_sql
- tochar_sql
- dictproperty_sql
- dictrange_sql
- dictsubproperty_sql
- oncluster_sql
- clusteredbyproperty_sql
- anyvalue_sql
- querytransform_sql
- indexconstraintoption_sql
- indexcolumnconstraint_sql
- nvl2_sql
- comprehension_sql
- columnprefix_sql
- opclass_sql
- predict_sql
- forin_sql
- refresh_sql
- operator_sql