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sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import logging
  4import re
  5import typing as t
  6
  7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  9    Dialect,
 10    NormalizationStrategy,
 11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
 12    binary_from_function,
 13    date_add_interval_sql,
 14    datestrtodate_sql,
 15    build_formatted_time,
 16    filter_array_using_unnest,
 17    if_sql,
 18    inline_array_sql,
 19    max_or_greatest,
 20    min_or_least,
 21    no_ilike_sql,
 22    build_date_delta_with_interval,
 23    regexp_replace_sql,
 24    rename_func,
 25    timestrtotime_sql,
 26    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 27    unit_to_var,
 28)
 29from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
 30from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 31
 32if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
 33    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
 34
 35logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
 36
 37
 38def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 39    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
 40        return self.values_sql(expression)
 41
 42    structs = []
 43    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 44    for tup in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple):
 45        field_aliases = (
 46            alias.columns
 47            if alias and alias.columns
 48            else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(tup.expressions)))
 49        )
 50        expressions = [
 51            exp.PropertyEQ(this=exp.to_identifier(name), expression=fld)
 52            for name, fld in zip(field_aliases, tup.expressions)
 53        ]
 54        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=expressions))
 55
 56    # Due to `UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY`, it is expected that the table alias be contained in the columns expression
 57    alias_name_only = exp.TableAlias(columns=[alias.this]) if alias else None
 58    return self.unnest_sql(
 59        exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.array(*structs, copy=False)], alias=alias_name_only)
 60    )
 61
 62
 63def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
 64    this = expression.this
 65    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
 66        this = f"{self.sql(this, 'this')} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
 67    else:
 68        this = self.sql(this)
 69    return f"RETURNS {this}"
 70
 71
 72def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
 73    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 74    if expression.kind == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
 75        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
 76
 77        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
 78            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
 79
 80    return self.create_sql(expression)
 81
 82
 83def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 84    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
 85
 86    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
 87    """
 88    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
 89
 90    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
 91        unnest_aliases = {
 92            unnest.alias
 93            for unnest in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Unnest)
 94            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
 95        }
 96        if unnest_aliases:
 97            for column in expression.find_all(exp.Column):
 98                if column.table in unnest_aliases:
 99                    column.set("table", None)
100                elif column.db in unnest_aliases:
101                    column.set("db", None)
102
103    return expression
104
105
106# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
107# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
108# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
109# SELECT y + 1 z
110# FROM x
111# GROUP BY x + 1
112# ORDER by z
113def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
114    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
115        group = expression.args.get("group")
116        order = expression.args.get("order")
117
118        if group and order:
119            aliases = {
120                select.this: select.args["alias"]
121                for select in expression.selects
122                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
123            }
124
125            for grouped in group.expressions:
126                if grouped.is_int:
127                    continue
128                alias = aliases.get(grouped)
129                if alias:
130                    grouped.replace(exp.column(alias))
131
132    return expression
133
134
135def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
136    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
137    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
138        cte_query = expression.this
139
140        if cte_query.is_star:
141            logger.warning(
142                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
143                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
144            )
145            return expression
146
147        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
148        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
149
150        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
151            to_replace = select
152
153            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
154                select = select.this
155
156            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
157            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
158
159    return expression
160
161
162def _build_parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
163    this = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
164    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
165    return this
166
167
168def _build_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.Timestamp:
169    timestamp = exp.Timestamp.from_arg_list(args)
170    timestamp.set("with_tz", True)
171    return timestamp
172
173
174def _build_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
175    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
176    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
177
178
179def _build_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
180    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
181    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
182    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
183
184
185def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
186    return self.sql(
187        exp.Exists(
188            this=exp.select("1")
189            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
190            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
191        )
192    )
193
194
195def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
196    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
197
198
199def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
200    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, "TIMESTAMP", copy=True))
201    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, "TIMESTAMP", copy=True))
202    unit = unit_to_var(expression)
203    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
204
205
206def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
207    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
208    timestamp = expression.this
209
210    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
211        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", timestamp)
212    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
213        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MILLIS", timestamp)
214    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
215        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MICROS", timestamp)
216
217    unix_seconds = exp.cast(exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), "int64")
218    return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", unix_seconds)
219
220
221def _build_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
222    if len(args) == 1:
223        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
224    if len(args) == 3:
225        return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
226
227    return exp.Anonymous(this="TIME", expressions=args)
228
229
230class BigQuery(Dialect):
231    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
232    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
233    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
234    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
235    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
236
237    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
238    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
239
240    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
241    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
242
243    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
244    TIME_MAPPING = {
245        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
246        "%E*S": "%S.%f",
247        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
248    }
249
250    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
251        "DD": "%d",
252        "MM": "%m",
253        "MON": "%b",
254        "MONTH": "%B",
255        "YYYY": "%Y",
256        "YY": "%y",
257        "HH": "%I",
258        "HH12": "%I",
259        "HH24": "%H",
260        "MI": "%M",
261        "SS": "%S",
262        "SSSSS": "%f",
263        "TZH": "%z",
264    }
265
266    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
267    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
268    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
269
270    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
271        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
272            parent = expression.parent
273            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
274                parent = parent.parent
275
276            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
277            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
278            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
279            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
280            case_sensitive = (
281                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
282                or (
283                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
284                    and parent.db
285                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
286                )
287                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
288            )
289            if not case_sensitive:
290                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
291
292        return expression
293
294    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
295        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
296        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
297        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
298        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
299
300        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
301
302        BYTE_STRINGS = [
303            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
304        ]
305
306        RAW_STRINGS = [
307            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
308        ]
309
310        KEYWORDS = {
311            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
312            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
313            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
314            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
315            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
316            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
317            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
318            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
319            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
320            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
321            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
322            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
323            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
324            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
325            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
326            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
327        }
328        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
329        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
330
331    class Parser(parser.Parser):
332        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
333        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
334        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
335
336        FUNCTIONS = {
337            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
338            "DATE": _build_date,
339            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
340            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
341            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
342                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
343                this=seq_get(args, 0),
344            ),
345            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
346            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
347            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
348            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
349                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
350            ),
351            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
352            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
353                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
354            ),
355            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
356            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
357            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
358                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
359            ),
360            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
361            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
362            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
363                this=seq_get(args, 0),
364                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
365                position=seq_get(args, 2),
366                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
367                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
368            ),
369            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
370            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
371            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
372                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
373                this=seq_get(args, 0),
374                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
375            ),
376            "TIME": _build_time,
377            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
378            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
379            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
380            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
381            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
382            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
383                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
384            ),
385            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
386                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
387            ),
388            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
389            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
390        }
391
392        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
393            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
394            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
395        }
396        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
397
398        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
399            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
400            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
401        }
402
403        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
404            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
405            TokenType.TABLE,
406        }
407
408        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
409            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
410            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
411                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
412            ),
413            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
414        }
415
416        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
417            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
418            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
419        }
420
421        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
422        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
423
424        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
425
426        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
427            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
428            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
429            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
430            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
431        }
432
433        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
434            "OFFSET": (0, False),
435            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
436            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
437            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
438        }
439
440        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
441            this = self._parse_range()
442            self._match_text_seq("DO")
443            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
444
445        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
446            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
447
448            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
449            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
450                table_name = this.name
451                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
452                    text = ""
453                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
454                        self._advance()
455                        text += self._prev.text
456                    table_name += text
457
458                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
459            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
460                table_name = this.name
461
462                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
463                    table_name += self._prev.text
464
465                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
466
467            return this
468
469        def _parse_table_parts(
470            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
471        ) -> exp.Table:
472            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
473                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
474            )
475
476            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
477            if not table.catalog:
478                if table.db:
479                    parts = table.db.split(".")
480                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
481                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
482                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
483                else:
484                    parts = table.name.split(".")
485                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
486                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
487                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
488
489            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
490                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
491                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
492                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
493                )
494
495                if rest and this:
496                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
497
498                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
499                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
500
501            return table
502
503        @t.overload
504        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
505
506        @t.overload
507        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
508
509        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
510            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
511            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
512
513            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
514            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
515            if (
516                array_kv_pair
517                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
518                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
519            ):
520                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
521                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
522
523                json_object.set(
524                    "expressions",
525                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
526                )
527
528            return json_object
529
530        def _parse_bracket(
531            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
532        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
533            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
534
535            if this is bracket:
536                return bracket
537
538            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
539                for expression in bracket.expressions:
540                    name = expression.name.upper()
541
542                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
543                        break
544
545                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
546                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
547                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
548                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
549
550            return bracket
551
552    class Generator(generator.Generator):
553        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
554        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
555        JOIN_HINTS = False
556        QUERY_HINTS = False
557        TABLE_HINTS = False
558        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
559        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
560        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
561        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
562        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
563        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
564        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
565        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
566        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
567        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
568        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
569        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
570        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
571        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
572        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
573
574        TRANSFORMS = {
575            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
576            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
577            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
578            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
579            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
580            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
581            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
582            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
583            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
584                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
585                if e.args.get("default")
586                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
587            ),
588            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
589            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
590            exp.Create: _create_sql,
591            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
592            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
593            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
594                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
595            ),
596            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
597            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
598            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
599            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
600            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
601            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
602            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
603                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
604            ),
605            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
606            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
607            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
608            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
609            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
610            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
611            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
612            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
613            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
614            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
615            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
616            exp.Min: min_or_least,
617            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
618            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
619                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
620                e.this,
621                e.expression,
622                e.args.get("position"),
623                e.args.get("occurrence"),
624            ),
625            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
626            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
627            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
628            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
629            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
630                [
631                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
632                    _unqualify_unnest,
633                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
634                    _alias_ordered_group,
635                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
636                ]
637            ),
638            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
639                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
640            ),
641            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
642                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
643            ),
644            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
645            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
646                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
647            ),
648            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
649            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
650            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
651            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
652            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
653            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
654            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
655            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
656            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
657            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
658            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
659            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
660            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
661            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
662            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
663            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
664            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
665        }
666
667        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
668            exp.JSONPathKey,
669            exp.JSONPathRoot,
670            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
671        }
672
673        TYPE_MAPPING = {
674            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
675            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
676            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
677            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
678            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
679            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
680            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
681            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
682            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
683            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
684            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
685            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
686            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
687            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
688            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
689            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
690            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
691            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
692            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
693            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
694            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
695        }
696
697        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
698            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
699            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
700            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
701        }
702
703        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
704        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
705            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
706            "all",
707            "and",
708            "any",
709            "array",
710            "as",
711            "asc",
712            "assert_rows_modified",
713            "at",
714            "between",
715            "by",
716            "case",
717            "cast",
718            "collate",
719            "contains",
720            "create",
721            "cross",
722            "cube",
723            "current",
724            "default",
725            "define",
726            "desc",
727            "distinct",
728            "else",
729            "end",
730            "enum",
731            "escape",
732            "except",
733            "exclude",
734            "exists",
735            "extract",
736            "false",
737            "fetch",
738            "following",
739            "for",
740            "from",
741            "full",
742            "group",
743            "grouping",
744            "groups",
745            "hash",
746            "having",
747            "if",
748            "ignore",
749            "in",
750            "inner",
751            "intersect",
752            "interval",
753            "into",
754            "is",
755            "join",
756            "lateral",
757            "left",
758            "like",
759            "limit",
760            "lookup",
761            "merge",
762            "natural",
763            "new",
764            "no",
765            "not",
766            "null",
767            "nulls",
768            "of",
769            "on",
770            "or",
771            "order",
772            "outer",
773            "over",
774            "partition",
775            "preceding",
776            "proto",
777            "qualify",
778            "range",
779            "recursive",
780            "respect",
781            "right",
782            "rollup",
783            "rows",
784            "select",
785            "set",
786            "some",
787            "struct",
788            "tablesample",
789            "then",
790            "to",
791            "treat",
792            "true",
793            "unbounded",
794            "union",
795            "unnest",
796            "using",
797            "when",
798            "where",
799            "window",
800            "with",
801            "within",
802        }
803
804        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
805            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
806            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
807            #
808            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
809            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
810            #
811            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
812            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
813            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
814                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
815                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
816
817            return super().table_parts(expression)
818
819        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
820            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
821            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
822
823        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
824            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
825            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
826                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
827                    return "NULL"
828
829            return self.binary(expression, "=")
830
831        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
832            parent = expression.parent
833
834            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
835            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
836            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
837                return self.func(
838                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
839                )
840
841            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
842
843        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
844            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
845
846        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
847            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
848            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Query):
849                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
850
851            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
852
853        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
854            this = expression.this
855            expressions = expression.expressions
856
857            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
858                arg = expressions[0]
859                if arg.type is None:
860                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
861
862                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
863
864                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
865                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
866                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
867
868            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
869            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
870
871            if offset == 0:
872                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
873            elif offset == 1:
874                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
875            elif offset is not None:
876                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
877
878            if expression.args.get("safe"):
879                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
880
881            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
882
883        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
884            return self.sql(expression)
885
886        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
887            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
888                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
889            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
890
891        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
892            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
893                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
894            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
895
896        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
897            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
898
899        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
900            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
901                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
902            return super().version_sql(expression)
logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
231class BigQuery(Dialect):
232    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
233    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
234    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
235    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
236    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
237
238    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
239    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
240
241    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
242    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
243
244    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
245    TIME_MAPPING = {
246        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
247        "%E*S": "%S.%f",
248        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
249    }
250
251    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
252        "DD": "%d",
253        "MM": "%m",
254        "MON": "%b",
255        "MONTH": "%B",
256        "YYYY": "%Y",
257        "YY": "%y",
258        "HH": "%I",
259        "HH12": "%I",
260        "HH24": "%H",
261        "MI": "%M",
262        "SS": "%S",
263        "SSSSS": "%f",
264        "TZH": "%z",
265    }
266
267    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
268    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
269    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
270
271    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
272        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
273            parent = expression.parent
274            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
275                parent = parent.parent
276
277            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
278            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
279            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
280            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
281            case_sensitive = (
282                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
283                or (
284                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
285                    and parent.db
286                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
287                )
288                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
289            )
290            if not case_sensitive:
291                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
292
293        return expression
294
295    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
296        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
297        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
298        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
299        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
300
301        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
302
303        BYTE_STRINGS = [
304            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
305        ]
306
307        RAW_STRINGS = [
308            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
309        ]
310
311        KEYWORDS = {
312            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
313            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
314            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
315            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
316            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
317            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
318            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
319            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
320            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
321            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
322            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
323            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
324            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
325            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
326            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
327            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
328        }
329        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
330        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
331
332    class Parser(parser.Parser):
333        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
334        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
335        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
336
337        FUNCTIONS = {
338            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
339            "DATE": _build_date,
340            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
341            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
342            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
343                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
344                this=seq_get(args, 0),
345            ),
346            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
347            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
348            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
349            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
350                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
351            ),
352            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
353            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
354                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
355            ),
356            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
357            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
358            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
359                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
360            ),
361            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
362            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
363            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
364                this=seq_get(args, 0),
365                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
366                position=seq_get(args, 2),
367                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
368                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
369            ),
370            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
371            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
372            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
373                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
374                this=seq_get(args, 0),
375                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
376            ),
377            "TIME": _build_time,
378            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
379            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
380            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
381            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
382            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
383            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
384                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
385            ),
386            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
387                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
388            ),
389            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
390            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
391        }
392
393        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
394            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
395            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
396        }
397        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
398
399        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
400            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
401            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
402        }
403
404        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
405            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
406            TokenType.TABLE,
407        }
408
409        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
410            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
411            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
412                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
413            ),
414            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
415        }
416
417        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
418            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
419            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
420        }
421
422        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
423        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
424
425        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
426
427        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
428            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
429            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
430            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
431            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
432        }
433
434        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
435            "OFFSET": (0, False),
436            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
437            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
438            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
439        }
440
441        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
442            this = self._parse_range()
443            self._match_text_seq("DO")
444            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
445
446        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
447            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
448
449            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
450            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
451                table_name = this.name
452                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
453                    text = ""
454                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
455                        self._advance()
456                        text += self._prev.text
457                    table_name += text
458
459                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
460            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
461                table_name = this.name
462
463                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
464                    table_name += self._prev.text
465
466                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
467
468            return this
469
470        def _parse_table_parts(
471            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
472        ) -> exp.Table:
473            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
474                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
475            )
476
477            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
478            if not table.catalog:
479                if table.db:
480                    parts = table.db.split(".")
481                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
482                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
483                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
484                else:
485                    parts = table.name.split(".")
486                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
487                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
488                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
489
490            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
491                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
492                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
493                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
494                )
495
496                if rest and this:
497                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
498
499                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
500                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
501
502            return table
503
504        @t.overload
505        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
506
507        @t.overload
508        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
509
510        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
511            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
512            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
513
514            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
515            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
516            if (
517                array_kv_pair
518                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
519                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
520            ):
521                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
522                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
523
524                json_object.set(
525                    "expressions",
526                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
527                )
528
529            return json_object
530
531        def _parse_bracket(
532            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
533        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
534            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
535
536            if this is bracket:
537                return bracket
538
539            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
540                for expression in bracket.expressions:
541                    name = expression.name.upper()
542
543                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
544                        break
545
546                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
547                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
548                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
549                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
550
551            return bracket
552
553    class Generator(generator.Generator):
554        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
555        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
556        JOIN_HINTS = False
557        QUERY_HINTS = False
558        TABLE_HINTS = False
559        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
560        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
561        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
562        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
563        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
564        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
565        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
566        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
567        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
568        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
569        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
570        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
571        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
572        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
573        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
574
575        TRANSFORMS = {
576            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
577            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
578            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
579            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
580            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
581            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
582            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
583            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
584            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
585                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
586                if e.args.get("default")
587                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
588            ),
589            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
590            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
591            exp.Create: _create_sql,
592            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
593            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
594            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
595                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
596            ),
597            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
598            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
599            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
600            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
601            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
602            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
603            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
604                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
605            ),
606            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
607            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
608            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
609            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
610            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
611            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
612            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
613            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
614            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
615            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
616            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
617            exp.Min: min_or_least,
618            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
619            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
620                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
621                e.this,
622                e.expression,
623                e.args.get("position"),
624                e.args.get("occurrence"),
625            ),
626            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
627            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
628            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
629            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
630            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
631                [
632                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
633                    _unqualify_unnest,
634                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
635                    _alias_ordered_group,
636                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
637                ]
638            ),
639            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
640                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
641            ),
642            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
643                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
644            ),
645            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
646            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
647                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
648            ),
649            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
650            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
651            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
652            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
653            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
654            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
655            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
656            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
657            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
658            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
659            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
660            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
661            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
662            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
663            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
664            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
665            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
666        }
667
668        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
669            exp.JSONPathKey,
670            exp.JSONPathRoot,
671            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
672        }
673
674        TYPE_MAPPING = {
675            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
676            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
677            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
678            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
679            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
680            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
681            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
682            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
683            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
684            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
685            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
686            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
687            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
688            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
689            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
690            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
691            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
692            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
693            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
694            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
695            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
696        }
697
698        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
699            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
700            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
701            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
702        }
703
704        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
705        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
706            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
707            "all",
708            "and",
709            "any",
710            "array",
711            "as",
712            "asc",
713            "assert_rows_modified",
714            "at",
715            "between",
716            "by",
717            "case",
718            "cast",
719            "collate",
720            "contains",
721            "create",
722            "cross",
723            "cube",
724            "current",
725            "default",
726            "define",
727            "desc",
728            "distinct",
729            "else",
730            "end",
731            "enum",
732            "escape",
733            "except",
734            "exclude",
735            "exists",
736            "extract",
737            "false",
738            "fetch",
739            "following",
740            "for",
741            "from",
742            "full",
743            "group",
744            "grouping",
745            "groups",
746            "hash",
747            "having",
748            "if",
749            "ignore",
750            "in",
751            "inner",
752            "intersect",
753            "interval",
754            "into",
755            "is",
756            "join",
757            "lateral",
758            "left",
759            "like",
760            "limit",
761            "lookup",
762            "merge",
763            "natural",
764            "new",
765            "no",
766            "not",
767            "null",
768            "nulls",
769            "of",
770            "on",
771            "or",
772            "order",
773            "outer",
774            "over",
775            "partition",
776            "preceding",
777            "proto",
778            "qualify",
779            "range",
780            "recursive",
781            "respect",
782            "right",
783            "rollup",
784            "rows",
785            "select",
786            "set",
787            "some",
788            "struct",
789            "tablesample",
790            "then",
791            "to",
792            "treat",
793            "true",
794            "unbounded",
795            "union",
796            "unnest",
797            "using",
798            "when",
799            "where",
800            "window",
801            "with",
802            "within",
803        }
804
805        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
806            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
807            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
808            #
809            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
810            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
811            #
812            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
813            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
814            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
815                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
816                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
817
818            return super().table_parts(expression)
819
820        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
821            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
822            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
823
824        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
825            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
826            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
827                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
828                    return "NULL"
829
830            return self.binary(expression, "=")
831
832        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
833            parent = expression.parent
834
835            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
836            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
837            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
838                return self.func(
839                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
840                )
841
842            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
843
844        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
845            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
846
847        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
848            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
849            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Query):
850                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
851
852            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
853
854        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
855            this = expression.this
856            expressions = expression.expressions
857
858            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
859                arg = expressions[0]
860                if arg.type is None:
861                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
862
863                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
864
865                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
866                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
867                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
868
869            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
870            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
871
872            if offset == 0:
873                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
874            elif offset == 1:
875                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
876            elif offset is not None:
877                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
878
879            if expression.args.get("safe"):
880                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
881
882            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
883
884        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
885            return self.sql(expression)
886
887        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
888            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
889                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
890            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
891
892        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
893            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
894                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
895            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
896
897        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
898            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
899
900        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
901            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
902                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
903            return super().version_sql(expression)
WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether UNNEST table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

Possible values:

"upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E*S': '%S.%f', '%E6S': '%S.%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy'). If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of TIME_MAPPING.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from SELECT * queries.

def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
271    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
272        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
273            parent = expression.parent
274            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
275                parent = parent.parent
276
277            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
278            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
279            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
280            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
281            case_sensitive = (
282                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
283                or (
284                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
285                    and parent.db
286                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
287                )
288                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
289            )
290            if not case_sensitive:
291                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
292
293        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like FoO would be resolved as foo in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as FOO. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'*': {'S': {0: True}}, '6': {'S': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
295    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
296        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
297        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
298        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
299        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
300
301        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
302
303        BYTE_STRINGS = [
304            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
305        ]
306
307        RAW_STRINGS = [
308            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
309        ]
310
311        KEYWORDS = {
312            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
313            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
314            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
315            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
316            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
317            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
318            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
319            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
320            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
321            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
322            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
323            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
324            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
325            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
326            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
327            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
328        }
329        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
330        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}
class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
332    class Parser(parser.Parser):
333        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
334        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
335        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
336
337        FUNCTIONS = {
338            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
339            "DATE": _build_date,
340            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
341            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
342            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
343                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
344                this=seq_get(args, 0),
345            ),
346            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
347            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
348            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
349            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
350                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
351            ),
352            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
353            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
354                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
355            ),
356            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
357            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
358            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
359                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
360            ),
361            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
362            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
363            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
364                this=seq_get(args, 0),
365                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
366                position=seq_get(args, 2),
367                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
368                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
369            ),
370            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
371            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
372            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
373                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
374                this=seq_get(args, 0),
375                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
376            ),
377            "TIME": _build_time,
378            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
379            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
380            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
381            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
382            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
383            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
384                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
385            ),
386            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
387                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
388            ),
389            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
390            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
391        }
392
393        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
394            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
395            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
396        }
397        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
398
399        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
400            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
401            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
402        }
403
404        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
405            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
406            TokenType.TABLE,
407        }
408
409        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
410            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
411            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
412                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
413            ),
414            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
415        }
416
417        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
418            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
419            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
420        }
421
422        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
423        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
424
425        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
426
427        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
428            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
429            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
430            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
431            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
432        }
433
434        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
435            "OFFSET": (0, False),
436            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
437            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
438            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
439        }
440
441        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
442            this = self._parse_range()
443            self._match_text_seq("DO")
444            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
445
446        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
447            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
448
449            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
450            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
451                table_name = this.name
452                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
453                    text = ""
454                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
455                        self._advance()
456                        text += self._prev.text
457                    table_name += text
458
459                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
460            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
461                table_name = this.name
462
463                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
464                    table_name += self._prev.text
465
466                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
467
468            return this
469
470        def _parse_table_parts(
471            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
472        ) -> exp.Table:
473            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
474                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
475            )
476
477            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
478            if not table.catalog:
479                if table.db:
480                    parts = table.db.split(".")
481                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
482                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
483                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
484                else:
485                    parts = table.name.split(".")
486                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
487                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
488                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
489
490            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
491                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
492                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
493                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
494                )
495
496                if rest and this:
497                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
498
499                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
500                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
501
502            return table
503
504        @t.overload
505        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
506
507        @t.overload
508        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
509
510        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
511            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
512            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
513
514            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
515            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
516            if (
517                array_kv_pair
518                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
519                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
520            ):
521                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
522                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
523
524                json_object.set(
525                    "expressions",
526                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
527                )
528
529            return json_object
530
531        def _parse_bracket(
532            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
533        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
534            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
535
536            if this is bracket:
537                return bracket
538
539            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
540                for expression in bracket.expressions:
541                    name = expression.name.upper()
542
543                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
544                        break
545
546                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
547                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
548                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
549                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
550
551            return bracket

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <function _build_timestamp>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _build_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME': <function _build_time>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ID_VAR_TOKENS
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
STRICT_CAST
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
UNION_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
INTERVAL_SPANS
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
553    class Generator(generator.Generator):
554        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
555        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
556        JOIN_HINTS = False
557        QUERY_HINTS = False
558        TABLE_HINTS = False
559        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
560        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
561        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
562        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
563        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
564        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
565        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
566        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
567        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
568        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
569        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
570        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
571        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
572        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
573        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
574
575        TRANSFORMS = {
576            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
577            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
578            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
579            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
580            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
581            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
582            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
583            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
584            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
585                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
586                if e.args.get("default")
587                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
588            ),
589            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
590            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
591            exp.Create: _create_sql,
592            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
593            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
594            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
595                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
596            ),
597            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
598            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
599            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
600            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
601            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
602            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
603            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
604                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
605            ),
606            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
607            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
608            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
609            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
610            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
611            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
612            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
613            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
614            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
615            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
616            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
617            exp.Min: min_or_least,
618            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
619            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
620                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
621                e.this,
622                e.expression,
623                e.args.get("position"),
624                e.args.get("occurrence"),
625            ),
626            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
627            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
628            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
629            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
630            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
631                [
632                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
633                    _unqualify_unnest,
634                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
635                    _alias_ordered_group,
636                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
637                ]
638            ),
639            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
640                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
641            ),
642            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
643                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
644            ),
645            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
646            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
647                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
648            ),
649            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
650            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
651            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
652            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
653            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
654            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
655            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
656            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
657            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
658            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
659            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
660            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
661            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
662            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
663            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
664            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
665            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
666        }
667
668        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
669            exp.JSONPathKey,
670            exp.JSONPathRoot,
671            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
672        }
673
674        TYPE_MAPPING = {
675            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
676            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
677            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
678            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
679            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
680            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
681            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
682            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
683            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
684            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
685            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
686            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
687            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
688            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
689            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
690            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
691            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
692            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
693            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
694            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
695            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
696        }
697
698        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
699            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
700            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
701            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
702        }
703
704        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
705        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
706            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
707            "all",
708            "and",
709            "any",
710            "array",
711            "as",
712            "asc",
713            "assert_rows_modified",
714            "at",
715            "between",
716            "by",
717            "case",
718            "cast",
719            "collate",
720            "contains",
721            "create",
722            "cross",
723            "cube",
724            "current",
725            "default",
726            "define",
727            "desc",
728            "distinct",
729            "else",
730            "end",
731            "enum",
732            "escape",
733            "except",
734            "exclude",
735            "exists",
736            "extract",
737            "false",
738            "fetch",
739            "following",
740            "for",
741            "from",
742            "full",
743            "group",
744            "grouping",
745            "groups",
746            "hash",
747            "having",
748            "if",
749            "ignore",
750            "in",
751            "inner",
752            "intersect",
753            "interval",
754            "into",
755            "is",
756            "join",
757            "lateral",
758            "left",
759            "like",
760            "limit",
761            "lookup",
762            "merge",
763            "natural",
764            "new",
765            "no",
766            "not",
767            "null",
768            "nulls",
769            "of",
770            "on",
771            "or",
772            "order",
773            "outer",
774            "over",
775            "partition",
776            "preceding",
777            "proto",
778            "qualify",
779            "range",
780            "recursive",
781            "respect",
782            "right",
783            "rollup",
784            "rows",
785            "select",
786            "set",
787            "some",
788            "struct",
789            "tablesample",
790            "then",
791            "to",
792            "treat",
793            "true",
794            "unbounded",
795            "union",
796            "unnest",
797            "using",
798            "when",
799            "where",
800            "window",
801            "with",
802            "within",
803        }
804
805        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
806            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
807            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
808            #
809            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
810            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
811            #
812            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
813            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
814            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
815                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
816                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
817
818            return super().table_parts(expression)
819
820        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
821            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
822            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
823
824        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
825            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
826            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
827                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
828                    return "NULL"
829
830            return self.binary(expression, "=")
831
832        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
833            parent = expression.parent
834
835            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
836            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
837            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
838                return self.func(
839                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
840                )
841
842            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
843
844        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
845            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
846
847        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
848            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
849            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Query):
850                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
851
852            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
853
854        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
855            this = expression.this
856            expressions = expression.expressions
857
858            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
859                arg = expressions[0]
860                if arg.type is None:
861                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
862
863                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
864
865                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
866                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
867                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
868
869            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
870            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
871
872            if offset == 0:
873                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
874            elif offset == 1:
875                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
876            elif offset is not None:
877                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
878
879            if expression.args.get("safe"):
880                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
881
882            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
883
884        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
885            return self.sql(expression)
886
887        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
888            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
889                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
890            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
891
892        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
893            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
894                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
895            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
896
897        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
898            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
899
900        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
901            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
902                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
903            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '@'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Commit'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rollback'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transaction'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'and', 'group', 'partition', 'inner', 'rollup', 'case', 'enum', 'exclude', 'new', 'set', 'of', 'not', 'unbounded', 'cross', 'assert_rows_modified', 'union', 'no', 'fetch', 'qualify', 'over', 'all', 'asc', 'hash', 'lateral', 'left', 'end', 'limit', 'to', 'within', 'treat', 'true', 'contains', 'groups', 'merge', 'following', 'nulls', 'range', 'for', 'where', 'null', 'false', 'intersect', 'window', 'respect', 'using', 'is', 'some', 'or', 'having', 'rows', 'select', 'struct', 'natural', 'at', 'extract', 'right', 'recursive', 'any', 'grouping', 'like', 'outer', 'into', 'preceding', 'create', 'order', 'by', 'join', 'when', 'current', 'exists', 'between', 'as', 'from', 'cube', 'array', 'ignore', 'else', 'on', 'collate', 'except', 'with', 'proto', 'define', 'in', 'escape', 'tablesample', 'cast', 'distinct', 'lookup', 'unnest', 'if', 'desc', 'default', 'full', 'then', 'interval'}
def table_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Table) -> str:
805        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
806            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
807            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
808            #
809            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
810            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
811            #
812            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
813            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
814            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
815                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
816                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
817
818            return super().table_parts(expression)
def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str:
820        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
821            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
822            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str:
824        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
825            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
826            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
827                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
828                    return "NULL"
829
830            return self.binary(expression, "=")
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str:
832        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
833            parent = expression.parent
834
835            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
836            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
837            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
838                return self.func(
839                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
840                )
841
842            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
844        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
845            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str:
847        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
848            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
849            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Query):
850                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
851
852            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
854        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
855            this = expression.this
856            expressions = expression.expressions
857
858            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
859                arg = expressions[0]
860                if arg.type is None:
861                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
862
863                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
864
865                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
866                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
867                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
868
869            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
870            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
871
872            if offset == 0:
873                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
874            elif offset == 1:
875                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
876            elif offset is not None:
877                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
878
879            if expression.args.get("safe"):
880                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
881
882            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
884        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
885            return self.sql(expression)
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
887        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
888            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
889                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
890            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
892        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
893            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
894                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
895            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
897        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
898            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str:
900        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
901            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
902                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
903            return super().version_sql(expression)
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
SELECT_KINDS
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
dialect
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
preprocess
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
computedcolumnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
transformcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
sequenceproperties_sql
clone_sql
describe_sql
heredoc_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
cte_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
unicodestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypeparam_sql
datatype_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
indexparameters_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
locate_properties
property_name
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
partitionboundspec_sql
partitionedofproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
withsystemversioningproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
introducer_sql
kill_sql
pseudotype_sql
objectidentifier_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
historicaldata_sql
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
values_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
connect_sql
prior_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_op
lateral_sql
limit_sql
offset_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
loaddata_sql
null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
withfill_sql
cluster_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
queryoption_sql
offset_limit_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
set_operations
union_sql
union_op
unnest_sql
prewhere_sql
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
convert_concat_args
concat_sql
concatws_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
jsonpath_sql
json_path_part
formatjson_sql
jsonobject_sql
jsonobjectagg_sql
jsonarray_sql
jsonarrayagg_sql
jsoncolumndef_sql
jsonschema_sql
jsontable_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
pivotalias_sql
aliases_sql
atindex_sql
fromtimezone_sql
add_sql
and_sql
or_sql
xor_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
currenttimestamp_sql
collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
mergetreettlaction_sql
mergetreettl_sql
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