import unittest
from sqlglot import (
Dialect,
Dialects,
ErrorLevel,
UnsupportedError,
parse_one,
transpile,
)
class Validator(unittest.TestCase):
dialect = None
def validate_identity(self, sql):
self.assertEqual(transpile(sql, read=self.dialect, write=self.dialect)[0], sql)
def validate_all(self, sql, read=None, write=None, pretty=False):
"""
Validate that:
1. Everything in `read` transpiles to `sql`
2. `sql` transpiles to everything in `write`
Args:
sql (str): Main SQL expression
dialect (str): dialect of `sql`
read (dict): Mapping of dialect -> SQL
write (dict): Mapping of dialect -> SQL
"""
expression = parse_one(sql, read=self.dialect)
for read_dialect, read_sql in (read or {}).items():
with self.subTest(f"{read_dialect} -> {sql}"):
self.assertEqual(
parse_one(read_sql, read_dialect).sql(self.dialect, unsupported_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE),
sql,
)
for write_dialect, write_sql in (write or {}).items():
with self.subTest(f"{sql} -> {write_dialect}"):
if write_sql is UnsupportedError:
with self.assertRaises(UnsupportedError):
expression.sql(write_dialect, unsupported_level=ErrorLevel.RAISE)
else:
self.assertEqual(
expression.sql(
write_dialect,
unsupported_level=ErrorLevel.IGNORE,
pretty=pretty,
),
write_sql,
)
class TestDialect(Validator):
maxDiff = None
def test_enum(self):
for dialect in Dialects:
self.assertIsNotNone(Dialect[dialect])
self.assertIsNotNone(Dialect.get(dialect))
self.assertIsNotNone(Dialect.get_or_raise(dialect))
self.assertIsNotNone(Dialect[dialect.value])
def test_cast(self):
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS TEXT)",
write={
"bigquery": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"clickhouse": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"duckdb": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"mysql": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"hive": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"oracle": "CAST(a AS CLOB)",
"postgres": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"presto": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"snowflake": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"spark": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"starrocks": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(MAP('a', '1') AS MAP(TEXT, TEXT))",
write={
"clickhouse": "CAST(map('a', '1') AS Map(TEXT, TEXT))",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(ARRAY(1, 2) AS ARRAY<TINYINT>)",
write={
"clickhouse": "CAST([1, 2] AS Array(Int8))",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST((1, 2) AS STRUCT<a: TINYINT, b: SMALLINT, c: INT, d: BIGINT>)",
write={
"clickhouse": "CAST((1, 2) AS Tuple(a Int8, b Int16, c Int32, d Int64))",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS DATETIME)",
write={
"postgres": "CAST(a AS TIMESTAMP)",
"sqlite": "CAST(a AS DATETIME)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS STRING)",
write={
"bigquery": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"duckdb": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"mysql": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"hive": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"oracle": "CAST(a AS CLOB)",
"postgres": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"presto": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"snowflake": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"spark": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"starrocks": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
write={
"bigquery": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"duckdb": "CAST(a AS TEXT)",
"mysql": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
"hive": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"oracle": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR2)",
"postgres": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
"presto": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
"snowflake": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
"spark": "CAST(a AS STRING)",
"starrocks": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
write={
"bigquery": "CAST(a AS STRING(3))",
"duckdb": "CAST(a AS TEXT(3))",
"mysql": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
"hive": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
"oracle": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR2(3))",
"postgres": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
"presto": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
"snowflake": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
"spark": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
"starrocks": "CAST(a AS VARCHAR(3))",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
write={
"bigquery": "CAST(a AS INT64)",
"duckdb": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
"mysql": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
"hive": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)",
"postgres": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
"presto": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
"snowflake": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
"spark": "CAST(a AS SHORT)",
"sqlite": "CAST(a AS INTEGER)",
"starrocks": "CAST(a AS SMALLINT)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TRY_CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
read={
"postgres": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)",
},
write={
"duckdb": "TRY_CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
"postgres": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
write={
"bigquery": "CAST(a AS FLOAT64)",
"clickhouse": "CAST(a AS Float64)",
"duckdb": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
"mysql": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
"hive": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
"oracle": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)",
"postgres": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)",
"presto": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE PRECISION)",
"snowflake": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
"spark": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
"starrocks": "CAST(a AS DOUBLE)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST('1 DAY' AS INTERVAL)",
write={
"postgres": "CAST('1 DAY' AS INTERVAL)",
"redshift": "CAST('1 DAY' AS INTERVAL)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS TIMESTAMP)",
write={
"starrocks": "CAST(a AS DATETIME)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS TIMESTAMP)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS TIMESTAMPTZ)",
write={
"starrocks": "CAST(a AS DATETIME)",
"redshift": "CAST(a AS TIMESTAMPTZ)",
},
)
self.validate_all("CAST(a AS TINYINT)", write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"})
self.validate_all("CAST(a AS SMALLINT)", write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"})
self.validate_all("CAST(a AS BIGINT)", write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"})
self.validate_all("CAST(a AS INT)", write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"})
self.validate_all(
"CAST(a AS DECIMAL)",
read={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"},
write={"oracle": "CAST(a AS NUMBER)"},
)
def test_time(self):
self.validate_all(
"STR_TO_TIME(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')",
read={
"duckdb": "STRPTIME(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')",
},
write={
"mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')",
"duckdb": "STRPTIME(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')",
"hive": "CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss')) AS TIMESTAMP)",
"presto": "DATE_PARSE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')",
"redshift": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MI:SS')",
"spark": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"STR_TO_TIME('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d')",
write={
"duckdb": "STRPTIME('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d')",
"hive": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)",
"oracle": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')",
"postgres": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')",
"presto": "DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d')",
"redshift": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')",
"spark": "TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'yyyy-MM-dd')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"STR_TO_TIME(x, '%y')",
write={
"duckdb": "STRPTIME(x, '%y')",
"hive": "CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yy')) AS TIMESTAMP)",
"presto": "DATE_PARSE(x, '%y')",
"oracle": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'YY')",
"postgres": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'YY')",
"redshift": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'YY')",
"spark": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yy')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"STR_TO_UNIX('2020-01-01', '%Y-%M-%d')",
write={
"duckdb": "EPOCH(STRPTIME('2020-01-01', '%Y-%M-%d'))",
"hive": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', 'yyyy-mm-dd')",
"presto": "TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%i-%d'))",
"starrocks": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01', '%Y-%i-%d')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TIME_STR_TO_DATE('2020-01-01')",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE)",
"hive": "TO_DATE('2020-01-01')",
"presto": "DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s')",
"starrocks": "TO_DATE('2020-01-01')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TIME_STR_TO_TIME('2020-01-01')",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)",
"hive": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP)",
"presto": "DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TIME_STR_TO_UNIX('2020-01-01')",
write={
"duckdb": "EPOCH(CAST('2020-01-01' AS TIMESTAMP))",
"hive": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2020-01-01')",
"presto": "TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE('2020-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S'))",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TIME_TO_STR(x, '%Y-%m-%d')",
write={
"duckdb": "STRFTIME(x, '%Y-%m-%d')",
"hive": "DATE_FORMAT(x, 'yyyy-MM-dd')",
"oracle": "TO_CHAR(x, 'YYYY-MM-DD')",
"postgres": "TO_CHAR(x, 'YYYY-MM-DD')",
"presto": "DATE_FORMAT(x, '%Y-%m-%d')",
"redshift": "TO_CHAR(x, 'YYYY-MM-DD')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TIME_TO_TIME_STR(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(x AS TEXT)",
"hive": "CAST(x AS STRING)",
"presto": "CAST(x AS VARCHAR)",
"redshift": "CAST(x AS TEXT)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TIME_TO_UNIX(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "EPOCH(x)",
"hive": "UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x)",
"presto": "TO_UNIXTIME(x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "SUBSTRING(CAST(x AS TEXT), 1, 10)",
"hive": "SUBSTRING(CAST(x AS STRING), 1, 10)",
"presto": "SUBSTRING(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), 1, 10)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(x AS DATE)",
"hive": "TO_DATE(x)",
"presto": "CAST(SUBSTR(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), 1, 10) AS DATE)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE(x, '%-d')",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(STRPTIME(x, '%-d') AS DATE)",
"hive": "TO_DATE(x, 'd')",
"presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(x, '%e') AS DATE)",
"spark": "TO_DATE(x, 'd')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"UNIX_TO_STR(x, y)",
write={
"duckdb": "STRFTIME(TO_TIMESTAMP(CAST(x AS BIGINT)), y)",
"hive": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x, y)",
"presto": "DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME(x), y)",
"starrocks": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x, y)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"UNIX_TO_TIME(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "TO_TIMESTAMP(CAST(x AS BIGINT))",
"hive": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x)",
"oracle": "TO_DATE('1970-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') + (x / 86400)",
"postgres": "TO_TIMESTAMP(x)",
"presto": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x)",
"starrocks": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"UNIX_TO_TIME_STR(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(TO_TIMESTAMP(CAST(x AS BIGINT)) AS TEXT)",
"hive": "FROM_UNIXTIME(x)",
"presto": "CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME(x) AS VARCHAR)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_TO_DATE_STR(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(x AS TEXT)",
"hive": "CAST(x AS STRING)",
"presto": "CAST(x AS VARCHAR)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_TO_DI(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(STRFTIME(x, '%Y%m%d') AS INT)",
"hive": "CAST(DATE_FORMAT(x, 'yyyyMMdd') AS INT)",
"presto": "CAST(DATE_FORMAT(x, '%Y%m%d') AS INT)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DI_TO_DATE(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(STRPTIME(CAST(x AS TEXT), '%Y%m%d') AS DATE)",
"hive": "TO_DATE(CAST(x AS STRING), 'yyyyMMdd')",
"presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), '%Y%m%d') AS DATE)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TS_OR_DI_TO_DI(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST(x AS TEXT), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
"hive": "CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST(x AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
"presto": "CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST(x AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
"spark": "CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST(x AS STRING), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_ADD(x, 1, 'day')",
read={
"mysql": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)",
"starrocks": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)",
},
write={
"bigquery": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 'day')",
"duckdb": "x + INTERVAL 1 day",
"hive": "DATE_ADD(x, 1)",
"mysql": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)",
"postgres": "x + INTERVAL '1' 'day'",
"presto": "DATE_ADD('day', 1, x)",
"spark": "DATE_ADD(x, 1)",
"starrocks": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_ADD(x, y, 'day')",
write={
"postgres": UnsupportedError,
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_ADD(x, 1)",
write={
"bigquery": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 'day')",
"duckdb": "x + INTERVAL 1 DAY",
"hive": "DATE_ADD(x, 1)",
"mysql": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)",
"presto": "DATE_ADD('day', 1, x)",
"spark": "DATE_ADD(x, 1)",
"starrocks": "DATE_ADD(x, INTERVAL 1 DAY)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_TRUNC(x, 'day')",
write={
"mysql": "DATE(x)",
"starrocks": "DATE(x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_TRUNC(x, 'week')",
write={
"mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', WEEK(x, 1), ' 1'), '%Y %u %w')",
"starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', WEEK(x, 1), ' 1'), '%Y %u %w')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_TRUNC(x, 'month')",
write={
"mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', MONTH(x), ' 1'), '%Y %c %e')",
"starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', MONTH(x), ' 1'), '%Y %c %e')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_TRUNC(x, 'quarter')",
write={
"mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', QUARTER(x) * 3 - 2, ' 1'), '%Y %c %e')",
"starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' ', QUARTER(x) * 3 - 2, ' 1'), '%Y %c %e')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_TRUNC(x, 'year')",
write={
"mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' 1 1'), '%Y %c %e')",
"starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(CONCAT(YEAR(x), ' 1 1'), '%Y %c %e')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_TRUNC(x, 'millenium')",
write={
"mysql": UnsupportedError,
"starrocks": UnsupportedError,
},
)
self.validate_all(
"STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')",
read={
"mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')",
"starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')",
},
write={
"mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')",
"starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S')",
"hive": "CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(x, 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss')) AS DATE)",
"presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(x, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%S') AS DATE)",
"spark": "TO_DATE(x, 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%d')",
write={
"mysql": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%d')",
"starrocks": "STR_TO_DATE(x, '%Y-%m-%d')",
"hive": "CAST(x AS DATE)",
"presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(x, '%Y-%m-%d') AS DATE)",
"spark": "TO_DATE(x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_STR_TO_DATE(x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST(x AS DATE)",
"hive": "TO_DATE(x)",
"presto": "CAST(DATE_PARSE(x, '%Y-%m-%d') AS DATE)",
"spark": "TO_DATE(x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"TS_OR_DS_ADD('2021-02-01', 1, 'DAY')",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST('2021-02-01' AS DATE) + INTERVAL 1 DAY",
"hive": "DATE_ADD('2021-02-01', 1)",
"presto": "DATE_ADD('DAY', 1, DATE_PARSE(SUBSTR('2021-02-01', 1, 10), '%Y-%m-%d'))",
"spark": "DATE_ADD('2021-02-01', 1)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"DATE_ADD(CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE), 1)",
write={
"duckdb": "CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE) + INTERVAL 1 DAY",
"hive": "DATE_ADD(CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE), 1)",
"presto": "DATE_ADD('day', 1, CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE))",
"spark": "DATE_ADD(CAST('2020-01-01' AS DATE), 1)",
},
)
for unit in ("DAY", "MONTH", "YEAR"):
self.validate_all(
f"{unit}(x)",
read={
dialect: f"{unit}(x)"
for dialect in (
"bigquery",
"duckdb",
"mysql",
"presto",
"starrocks",
)
},
write={
dialect: f"{unit}(x)"
for dialect in (
"bigquery",
"duckdb",
"mysql",
"presto",
"hive",
"spark",
"starrocks",
)
},
)
def test_array(self):
self.validate_all(
"ARRAY(0, 1, 2)",
write={
"bigquery": "[0, 1, 2]",
"duckdb": "LIST_VALUE(0, 1, 2)",
"presto": "ARRAY[0, 1, 2]",
"spark": "ARRAY(0, 1, 2)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"ARRAY_SIZE(x)",
write={
"bigquery": "ARRAY_LENGTH(x)",
"duckdb": "ARRAY_LENGTH(x)",
"presto": "CARDINALITY(x)",
"spark": "SIZE(x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"ARRAY_SUM(ARRAY(1, 2))",
write={
"trino": "REDUCE(ARRAY[1, 2], 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)",
"duckdb": "LIST_SUM(LIST_VALUE(1, 2))",
"hive": "ARRAY_SUM(ARRAY(1, 2))",
"presto": "ARRAY_SUM(ARRAY[1, 2])",
"spark": "AGGREGATE(ARRAY(1, 2), 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)",
write={
"trino": "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)",
"duckdb": "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)",
"hive": "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)",
"presto": "REDUCE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)",
"spark": "AGGREGATE(x, 0, (acc, x) -> acc + x, acc -> acc)",
},
)
def test_order_by(self):
self.validate_all(
"SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname ASC NULLS LAST, lname",
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname",
"duckdb": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname",
"oracle": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname",
"presto": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname, lname NULLS FIRST",
"hive": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname",
"spark": "SELECT fname, lname, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST, fname NULLS LAST, lname",
},
)
def test_json(self):
self.validate_all(
"JSON_EXTRACT(x, 'y')",
read={
"postgres": "x->'y'",
"presto": "JSON_EXTRACT(x, 'y')",
},
write={
"oracle": "JSON_EXTRACT(x, 'y')",
"postgres": "x->'y'",
"presto": "JSON_EXTRACT(x, 'y')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR(x, 'y')",
read={
"postgres": "x->>'y'",
"presto": "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR(x, 'y')",
},
write={
"postgres": "x->>'y'",
"presto": "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR(x, 'y')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"JSONB_EXTRACT(x, 'y')",
read={
"postgres": "x#>'y'",
},
write={
"postgres": "x#>'y'",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR(x, 'y')",
read={
"postgres": "x#>>'y'",
},
write={
"postgres": "x#>>'y'",
},
)
def test_cross_join(self):
self.validate_all(
"SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) AS t (a)",
write={
"presto": "SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) AS t(a)",
"spark": "SELECT a FROM x LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(y) t AS a",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT a, b FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y, z) AS t (a, b)",
write={
"presto": "SELECT a, b FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y, z) AS t(a, b)",
"spark": "SELECT a, b FROM x LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(y) t AS a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE(z) t AS b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) WITH ORDINALITY AS t (a)",
write={
"presto": "SELECT a FROM x CROSS JOIN UNNEST(y) WITH ORDINALITY AS t(a)",
"spark": "SELECT a FROM x LATERAL VIEW POSEXPLODE(y) t AS a",
},
)
def test_lateral_subquery(self):
self.validate_identity(
"SELECT art FROM tbl1 INNER JOIN LATERAL (SELECT art FROM tbl2) AS tbl2 ON tbl1.art = tbl2.art"
)
self.validate_identity(
"SELECT * FROM tbl AS t LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT * FROM b WHERE b.t_id = t.t_id) AS t ON TRUE"
)
def test_set_operators(self):
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
read={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"clickhouse": "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
},
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
read={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"clickhouse": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
},
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
read={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
},
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
read={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
},
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a UNION DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a UNION SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a INTERSECT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT DISTINCT SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
read={
"bigquery": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"duckdb": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"presto": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
"spark": "SELECT * FROM a EXCEPT ALL SELECT * FROM b",
},
)
def test_operators(self):
self.validate_identity("some.column LIKE 'foo' || another.column || 'bar' || LOWER(x)")
self.validate_identity("some.column LIKE 'foo' + another.column + 'bar'")
self.validate_all(
"x ILIKE '%y'",
read={
"clickhouse": "x ILIKE '%y'",
"duckdb": "x ILIKE '%y'",
"postgres": "x ILIKE '%y'",
"snowflake": "x ILIKE '%y'",
},
write={
"bigquery": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'",
"clickhouse": "x ILIKE '%y'",
"duckdb": "x ILIKE '%y'",
"hive": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'",
"mysql": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'",
"oracle": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'",
"postgres": "x ILIKE '%y'",
"presto": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'",
"snowflake": "x ILIKE '%y'",
"spark": "x ILIKE '%y'",
"sqlite": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'",
"starrocks": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'",
"trino": "LOWER(x) LIKE '%y'",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM a ORDER BY col_a NULLS LAST",
write={
"mysql": UnsupportedError,
"starrocks": UnsupportedError,
},
)
self.validate_all(
"POSITION(' ' in x)",
write={
"duckdb": "STRPOS(x, ' ')",
"postgres": "STRPOS(x, ' ')",
"presto": "STRPOS(x, ' ')",
"spark": "LOCATE(' ', x)",
"clickhouse": "position(x, ' ')",
"snowflake": "POSITION(' ', x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"STR_POSITION('a', x)",
write={
"duckdb": "STRPOS(x, 'a')",
"postgres": "STRPOS(x, 'a')",
"presto": "STRPOS(x, 'a')",
"spark": "LOCATE('a', x)",
"clickhouse": "position(x, 'a')",
"snowflake": "POSITION('a', x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"POSITION('a', x, 3)",
write={
"presto": "STRPOS(SUBSTR(x, 3), 'a') + 3 - 1",
"spark": "LOCATE('a', x, 3)",
"clickhouse": "position(x, 'a', 3)",
"snowflake": "POSITION('a', x, 3)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CONCAT_WS('-', 'a', 'b')",
write={
"duckdb": "CONCAT_WS('-', 'a', 'b')",
"presto": "ARRAY_JOIN(ARRAY['a', 'b'], '-')",
"hive": "CONCAT_WS('-', 'a', 'b')",
"spark": "CONCAT_WS('-', 'a', 'b')",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CONCAT_WS('-', x)",
write={
"duckdb": "CONCAT_WS('-', x)",
"presto": "ARRAY_JOIN(x, '-')",
"hive": "CONCAT_WS('-', x)",
"spark": "CONCAT_WS('-', x)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"IF(x > 1, 1, 0)",
write={
"duckdb": "CASE WHEN x > 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END",
"presto": "IF(x > 1, 1, 0)",
"hive": "IF(x > 1, 1, 0)",
"spark": "IF(x > 1, 1, 0)",
"tableau": "IF x > 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END",
write={
"duckdb": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END",
"presto": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END",
"hive": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END",
"spark": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END",
"tableau": "CASE WHEN 1 THEN x ELSE 0 END",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"x[y]",
write={
"duckdb": "x[y]",
"presto": "x[y]",
"hive": "x[y]",
"spark": "x[y]",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"""'["x"]'""",
write={
"duckdb": """'["x"]'""",
"presto": """'["x"]'""",
"hive": """'["x"]'""",
"spark": """'["x"]'""",
},
)
self.validate_all(
'true or null as "foo"',
write={
"bigquery": "TRUE OR NULL AS `foo`",
"duckdb": 'TRUE OR NULL AS "foo"',
"presto": 'TRUE OR NULL AS "foo"',
"hive": "TRUE OR NULL AS `foo`",
"spark": "TRUE OR NULL AS `foo`",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT IF(COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1, TRUE, FALSE) as foo FROM baz",
write={
"bigquery": "SELECT CASE WHEN COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1 THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END AS foo FROM baz",
"duckdb": "SELECT CASE WHEN COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1 THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END AS foo FROM baz",
"presto": "SELECT IF(COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1, TRUE, FALSE) AS foo FROM baz",
"hive": "SELECT IF(COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1, TRUE, FALSE) AS foo FROM baz",
"spark": "SELECT IF(COALESCE(bar, 0) = 1, TRUE, FALSE) AS foo FROM baz",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"LEVENSHTEIN(col1, col2)",
write={
"duckdb": "LEVENSHTEIN(col1, col2)",
"presto": "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE(col1, col2)",
"hive": "LEVENSHTEIN(col1, col2)",
"spark": "LEVENSHTEIN(col1, col2)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"LEVENSHTEIN(coalesce(col1, col2), coalesce(col2, col1))",
write={
"duckdb": "LEVENSHTEIN(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))",
"presto": "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))",
"hive": "LEVENSHTEIN(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))",
"spark": "LEVENSHTEIN(COALESCE(col1, col2), COALESCE(col2, col1))",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"ARRAY_FILTER(the_array, x -> x > 0)",
write={
"presto": "FILTER(the_array, x -> x > 0)",
"hive": "FILTER(the_array, x -> x > 0)",
"spark": "FILTER(the_array, x -> x > 0)",
},
)
def test_limit(self):
self.validate_all(
"SELECT x FROM y LIMIT 10",
write={
"sqlite": "SELECT x FROM y LIMIT 10",
"oracle": "SELECT x FROM y FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT x FROM y LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5",
write={
"sqlite": "SELECT x FROM y LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5",
"oracle": "SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 5 ROWS FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 10 FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY",
write={
"oracle": "SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 10 ROWS FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 10 ROWS FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY",
write={
"oracle": "SELECT x FROM y OFFSET 10 ROWS FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY",
},
)
self.validate_all(
'"x" + "y"',
read={
"clickhouse": '`x` + "y"',
"sqlite": '`x` + "y"',
"redshift": '"x" + "y"',
},
)
self.validate_all(
"[1, 2]",
write={
"bigquery": "[1, 2]",
"clickhouse": "[1, 2]",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT * FROM VALUES ('x'), ('y') AS t(z)",
write={
"spark": "SELECT * FROM VALUES ('x'), ('y') AS t(z)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc NCHAR, v1 VARCHAR, v2 VARCHAR2, nv NVARCHAR, nv2 NVARCHAR2)",
write={
"duckdb": "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc CHAR, v1 TEXT, v2 TEXT, nv TEXT, nv2 TEXT)",
"hive": "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc CHAR, v1 STRING, v2 STRING, nv STRING, nv2 STRING)",
"oracle": "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc CHAR, v1 VARCHAR2, v2 VARCHAR2, nv NVARCHAR2, nv2 NVARCHAR2)",
"postgres": "CREATE TABLE t (c CHAR, nc CHAR, v1 VARCHAR, v2 VARCHAR, nv VARCHAR, nv2 VARCHAR)",
"sqlite": "CREATE TABLE t (c TEXT, nc TEXT, v1 TEXT, v2 TEXT, nv TEXT, nv2 TEXT)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"POWER(1.2, 3.4)",
read={
"hive": "pow(1.2, 3.4)",
"postgres": "power(1.2, 3.4)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CREATE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)",
read={
"hive": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON TABLE tbl (a, b)",
"sqlite": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)",
},
write={
"hive": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON TABLE tbl (a, b)",
"postgres": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)",
"sqlite": "CREATE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)",
read={
"hive": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON TABLE tbl (a, b)",
"sqlite": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)",
},
write={
"hive": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON TABLE tbl (a, b)",
"postgres": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)",
"sqlite": "CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_idx ON tbl (a, b)",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"CREATE TABLE t (b1 BINARY, b2 BINARY(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))",
write={
"duckdb": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BINARY, b2 BINARY(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))",
"hive": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BINARY, b2 BINARY(1024), c1 STRING, c2 STRING(1024))",
"oracle": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BLOB, b2 BLOB(1024), c1 CLOB, c2 CLOB(1024))",
"postgres": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BYTEA, b2 BYTEA(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))",
"sqlite": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 BLOB, b2 BLOB(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))",
"redshift": "CREATE TABLE t (b1 VARBYTE, b2 VARBYTE(1024), c1 TEXT, c2 TEXT(1024))",
},
)
def test_alias(self):
self.validate_all(
"SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY b",
write={
"duckdb": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY b",
"presto": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1",
"hive": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1",
"oracle": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1",
"spark": "SELECT a AS b FROM x GROUP BY 1",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"SELECT y x FROM my_table t",
write={
"hive": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table AS t",
"oracle": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table t",
"postgres": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table AS t",
"sqlite": "SELECT y AS x FROM my_table AS t",
},
)
self.validate_all(
"WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 AS t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c",
write={
"hive": "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 AS t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c",
"oracle": "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c",
"postgres": "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 AS t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c",
"sqlite": "WITH cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1), cte2 AS (SELECT c, e AS d FROM table2) SELECT b, d AS dd FROM cte1 AS t JOIN cte2 WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c",
},
)