Adding upstream version 1.24.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel@debian.org>
2025-02-21 11:32:35 +01:00 · 2025-02-21 11:32:35 +01:00 · 5ed044e6c7
commit 5ed044e6c7
parent b5b27e635c
35 changed files with 910 additions and 848 deletions
--- a/13
+++ b/13
@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-2023-06-14  Antonio Diaz Diaz  <antonio@gnu.org>
+2024-01-20  Antonio Diaz Diaz  <antonio@gnu.org>
-	* Version 1.24-pre1 released.
+	* Version 1.24 released.
 	* New options '--empty-error', '--marking-error', '--clear-marking'.
 	* dump_remove.cc, main.cc: Accept 'empty' in --dump, --remove, --strip.
 	* main.cc: Rename '--repair' to '--byte-repair'.
 	  Rename '--debug-repair' to '--debug-byte-repair'.
 	  Reformat file diagnostics as 'PROGRAM: FILE: MESSAGE'.
 	  (show_option_error): New function showing argument and option name.
 	  (main): Make -o preserve date/mode/owner if 1 input file.
 	  (open_outstream): Create missing intermediate directories.
 	* lzip.h: Rename verify_* to check_*.
 	* unzcrash.cc: Rename '--no-verify' to '--no-check'.
 	* repair.cc: Rename to byte_repair.cc.
 	* unzcrash.cc: Rename '--no-verify' to '--no-check'.
 	* configure, Makefile.in: New variable 'MAKEINFO'.
 	* Makefile.in: Remove target 'install-as-lzip'; -e needs a real lzip.
 	* testsuite: New test files test_3m.txt.lz.md5, fox6_mark.lz.
 2022-01-21  Antonio Diaz Diaz  <antonio@gnu.org>
@ -239,7 +244,7 @@
 	* unzcrash.cc: Test all 1-byte errors.
-Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
 This file is a collection of facts, and thus it is not copyrightable,
 but just in case, you have unlimited permission to copy, distribute, and
--- a/9
+++ b/9
@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ extracted from the archive.
 	make LZIP_NAME=clzip check
 5. Type 'make install' to install the program and any data files and
-   documentation.
+   documentation. You need root privileges to install into a prefix owned
   by root.
   Or type 'make install-compress', which additionally compresses the
   info manual and the man page after installation.
@ -59,10 +60,6 @@ extracted from the archive.
   typing 'make install-bin', 'make install-info', or 'make install-man'
   respectively.
   Instead of 'make install', you can type 'make install-as-lzip' to
   install the program and any data files and documentation, and link
   the program to the name 'lzip'.
 Another way
 -----------
@ -81,7 +78,7 @@ After running 'configure', you can run 'make' and 'make install' as
 explained above.
-Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
 This file is free documentation: you have unlimited permission to copy,
 distribute, and modify it.
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ unzobjs = arg_parser.o unzcrash.o
 .PHONY : all install install-bin install-info install-man \
         install-strip install-compress install-strip-compress \
         install-bin-strip install-info-compress install-man-compress \
         install-as-lzip \
         uninstall uninstall-bin uninstall-info uninstall-man \
         doc info man check dist clean distclean
@ -37,6 +36,10 @@ unzcrash.o : unzcrash.cc
 %.o : %.cc
 	$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
 # prevent 'make' from trying to remake source files
 $(VPATH)/configure $(VPATH)/Makefile.in $(VPATH)/doc/$(pkgname).texi : ;
 %.h %.cc : ;
 $(objs)       : Makefile
 alone_to_lz.o : lzip.h common.h mtester.h
 arg_parser.o  : arg_parser.h
@ -56,7 +59,6 @@ reproduce.o   : lzip.h common.h md5.h mtester.h lzip_index.h
 split.o       : lzip.h common.h lzip_index.h
 unzcrash.o    : Makefile arg_parser.h common.h main_common.cc
 doc : info man
 info : $(VPATH)/doc/$(pkgname).info
@ -106,10 +108,6 @@ install-man :
 install-man-compress : install-man
 	lzip -v -9 "$(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/$(progname).1"
 install-as-lzip : install
 	-rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/lzip"
 	cd "$(DESTDIR)$(bindir)" && ln -s $(progname) lzip
 uninstall : uninstall-man uninstall-info uninstall-bin
 uninstall-bin :
--- a/19
+++ b/19
@ -9,14 +9,27 @@ byte is non-zero in any member, has been added.
 The option '--clear-marking', which sets to zero the first LZMA byte of each
 member, has been added.
-The keyword 'empty' is now recognized in the argument of --dump, --remove,
+The keyword 'empty' is now recognized in the argument of '--dump',
-and --strip.
+'--remove', and '--strip'.
 The option '--repair' has been renamed to '--byte-repair'.
 The option '--debug-repair' has been renamed to '--debug-byte-repair'.
-Diagnostics caused by invalid arguments to command line options now show the
+File diagnostics have been reformatted as 'PROGRAM: FILE: MESSAGE'.
 Diagnostics caused by invalid arguments to command-line options now show the
 argument and the name of the option.
 The option '-o, --output' now preserves dates, permissions, and ownership of
 the file, when decompressing exactly one file.
 The option '-o, --output' now creates missing intermediate directories when
 writing to a file.
 The option '--no-verify' of unzcrash has been renamed to '--no-check'.
 The variable MAKEINFO has been added to configure and Makefile.in.
 The makefile target 'install-as-lzip' has been removed because '--reproduce'
 needs a lzip compressor (not just a decompressor) named 'lzip' by default.
--- a/7
+++ b/7
@ -84,11 +84,10 @@ Julian Seward's bzip2. Type 'make unzcrash' in the lziprecover source
 directory to build it. Then try 'unzcrash --help'.
-Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
 This file is free documentation: you have unlimited permission to copy,
 distribute, and modify it.
-The file Makefile.in is a data file used by configure to produce the
+The file Makefile.in is a data file used by configure to produce the Makefile.
-Makefile. It has the same copyright owner and permissions that configure
+It has the same copyright owner and permissions that configure itself.
 itself.
--- a/alone_to_lz.cc
+++ b/alone_to_lz.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ int alone_to_lz( const int infd, const Pretty_print & pp )
    header.dictionary_size( dictionary_size );
    }
  Lzip_trailer & trailer =
-    *(Lzip_trailer *)( buffer + file_size - Lzip_trailer::size );
+    *(Lzip_trailer *)( buffer + file_size - trailer.size );
  trailer.data_crc( mtester.crc() );
  trailer.data_size( mtester.data_position() );
  trailer.member_size( mtester.member_position() );
--- a/arg_parser.cc
+++ b/arg_parser.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* Arg_parser - POSIX/GNU command line argument parser. (C++ version)
+/* Arg_parser - POSIX/GNU command-line argument parser. (C++ version)
-   Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This library is free software. Redistribution and use in source and
   binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
--- a/arg_parser.h
+++ b/arg_parser.h
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* Arg_parser - POSIX/GNU command line argument parser. (C++ version)
+/* Arg_parser - POSIX/GNU command-line argument parser. (C++ version)
-   Copyright (C) 2006-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2006-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This library is free software. Redistribution and use in source and
   binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
--- a/byte_repair.cc
+++ b/byte_repair.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ int repair_dictionary_size( uint8_t * const mbuffer, const long msize )
  Lzip_header & header = *(Lzip_header *)mbuffer;
  unsigned dictionary_size = header.dictionary_size();
  const Lzip_trailer & trailer =
-    *(const Lzip_trailer *)( mbuffer + msize - Lzip_trailer::size );
+    *(const Lzip_trailer *)( mbuffer + msize - trailer.size );
  const unsigned long long data_size = trailer.data_size();
  const bool valid_ds = isvalid_ds( dictionary_size );
  if( valid_ds && dictionary_size >= data_size ) return 0;	// can't be bad
@ -195,8 +195,9 @@ int byte_repair( const std::string & input_filename,
    { show_file_error( filename, lzip_index.error().c_str() );
      return lzip_index.retval(); }
-  output_filename = default_output_filename.empty() ?
+  const bool to_file = default_output_filename.size();
-                    insert_fixed( input_filename ) : default_output_filename;
+  output_filename =
    to_file ? default_output_filename : insert_fixed( input_filename );
  if( !force && output_file_exists() ) return 1;
  outfd = -1;
  for( long i = 0; i < lzip_index.members(); ++i )
@ -226,10 +227,10 @@ int byte_repair( const std::string & input_filename,
      {
      pos = repair_dictionary_size( mbuffer, msize );
      if( pos == 0 )
-        pos = repair_member( mbuffer, mpos, msize, Lzip_header::size + 1,
+        pos = repair_member( mbuffer, mpos, msize, header.size + 1,
-                             Lzip_header::size + 6, dictionary_size, terminator );
+                             header.size + 6, dictionary_size, terminator );
      if( pos == 0 )
-        pos = repair_member( mbuffer, mpos, msize, Lzip_header::size + 7,
+        pos = repair_member( mbuffer, mpos, msize, header.size + 7,
                             failure_pos, dictionary_size, terminator );
      print_pending_newline( terminator );
      }
@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ int byte_repair( const std::string & input_filename,
        {
        if( !safe_seek( infd, 0, filename ) ) return 1;
        set_signal_handler();
-        if( !open_outstream( true, true ) ) return 1;
+        if( !open_outstream( true, true, false, true, to_file ) ) return 1;
        if( !copy_file( infd, outfd ) )		// copy whole file
          cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
        }
@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ int byte_repair( const std::string & input_filename,
      std::fputs( "Input file has no errors. Recovery is not needed.\n", stdout );
    return 0;
    }
-  if( close_outstream( &in_stats ) != 0 ) return 1;
+  if( !close_outstream( &in_stats ) ) return 1;
  if( verbosity >= 1 )
    std::fputs( "Copy of input file repaired successfully.\n", stdout );
  return 0;
@ -416,10 +417,10 @@ int debug_byte_repair( const char * const input_filename,
  if( failure_pos >= msize ) failure_pos = msize - 1;
  long pos = repair_dictionary_size( mbuffer, msize );
  if( pos == 0 )
-    pos = repair_member( mbuffer, mpos, msize, Lzip_header::size + 1,
+    pos = repair_member( mbuffer, mpos, msize, header.size + 1,
-                         Lzip_header::size + 6, dictionary_size, terminator );
+                         header.size + 6, dictionary_size, terminator );
  if( pos == 0 )
-    pos = repair_member( mbuffer, mpos, msize, Lzip_header::size + 7,
+    pos = repair_member( mbuffer, mpos, msize, header.size + 7,
                         failure_pos, dictionary_size, terminator );
  print_pending_newline( terminator );
  delete[] mbuffer;
@ -512,7 +513,7 @@ int debug_decompress( const char * const input_filename,
      std::fputc( '\n', stdout );
    }
-  retval = std::max( retval, close_outstream( &in_stats ) );
+  if( !close_outstream( &in_stats ) && retval == 0 ) retval = 1;
  if( verbosity >= 1 && show_packets && retval == 0 )
    std::fputs( "Done.\n", stdout );
  return retval;
--- a/common.h
+++ b/common.h
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
--- a/18
+++ b/18
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # configure script for Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-# Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
 #
 # This configure script is free software: you have unlimited permission
 # to copy, distribute, and modify it.
 pkgname=lziprecover
-pkgversion=1.24-pre1
+pkgversion=1.24
 progname=lziprecover
 srctrigger=doc/${pkgname}.texi
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ while [ $# != 0 ] ; do
 	# Split out the argument for options that take them
 	case ${option} in
-	*=*) optarg="`echo "${option}" | sed -e 's,^[^=]*=,,;s,/$,,'`" ;;
+	*=*) optarg=`echo "${option}" | sed -e 's,^[^=]*=,,;s,/$,,'` ;;
 	esac
 	# Process the options
@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ while [ $# != 0 ] ; do
 		echo "  --infodir=DIR         info files directory [${infodir}]"
 		echo "  --mandir=DIR          man pages directory [${mandir}]"
 		echo "  CXX=COMPILER          C++ compiler to use [${CXX}]"
-		echo "  CPPFLAGS=OPTIONS      command line options for the preprocessor [${CPPFLAGS}]"
+		echo "  CPPFLAGS=OPTIONS      command-line options for the preprocessor [${CPPFLAGS}]"
-		echo "  CXXFLAGS=OPTIONS      command line options for the C++ compiler [${CXXFLAGS}]"
+		echo "  CXXFLAGS=OPTIONS      command-line options for the C++ compiler [${CXXFLAGS}]"
 		echo "  CXXFLAGS+=OPTIONS     append options to the current value of CXXFLAGS"
-		echo "  LDFLAGS=OPTIONS       command line options for the linker [${LDFLAGS}]"
+		echo "  LDFLAGS=OPTIONS       command-line options for the linker [${LDFLAGS}]"
 		echo "  MAKEINFO=NAME         makeinfo program to use [${MAKEINFO}]"
 		echo
 		exit 0 ;;
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ if [ -z "${srcdir}" ] ; then
 	if [ ! -r "${srcdir}/${srctrigger}" ] ; then srcdir=.. ; fi
 	if [ ! -r "${srcdir}/${srctrigger}" ] ; then
 		## the sed command below emulates the dirname command
-		srcdir="`echo "$0" | sed -e 's,[^/]*$,,;s,/$,,;s,^$,.,'`"
+		srcdir=`echo "$0" | sed -e 's,[^/]*$,,;s,/$,,;s,^$,.,'`
 	fi
 fi
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ if [ -z "${no_create}" ] ; then
 # This script is free software: you have unlimited permission
 # to copy, distribute, and modify it.
-exec /bin/sh $0 ${args} --no-create
+exec /bin/sh "$0" ${args} --no-create
 EOF
 	chmod +x config.status
 fi
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ echo "MAKEINFO = ${MAKEINFO}"
 rm -f Makefile
 cat > Makefile << EOF
 # Makefile for Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-# Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
 # This file was generated automatically by configure. Don't edit.
 #
 # This Makefile is free software: you have unlimited permission
--- a/decoder.cc
+++ b/decoder.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -112,21 +112,17 @@ int LZ_decoder::check_trailer( const Pretty_print & pp,
                               const bool ignore_empty ) const
  {
  Lzip_trailer trailer;
-  int size = rdec.read_data( trailer.data, Lzip_trailer::size );
+  int size = rdec.read_data( trailer.data, trailer.size );
  const unsigned long long data_size = data_position();
  const unsigned long long member_size = rdec.member_position();
  bool error = false;
-  if( size < Lzip_trailer::size )
+  if( size < trailer.size )
    {
    error = true;
    if( verbosity >= 0 )
-      {
+      { pp();
-      pp();
+        std::fprintf( stderr, "Trailer truncated at trailer position %d;"
-      std::fprintf( stderr, "Trailer truncated at trailer position %d;"
+                              " some checks may fail.\n", size ); }
-                            " some checks may fail.\n", size );
+    while( size < trailer.size ) trailer.data[size++] = 0;
      }
    while( size < Lzip_trailer::size ) trailer.data[size++] = 0;
    }
  const unsigned td_crc = trailer.data_crc();
@ -134,33 +130,29 @@ int LZ_decoder::check_trailer( const Pretty_print & pp,
    {
    error = true;
    if( verbosity >= 0 )
-      {
+      { pp();
-      pp();
+        std::fprintf( stderr, "CRC mismatch; stored %08X, computed %08X\n",
-      std::fprintf( stderr, "CRC mismatch; stored %08X, computed %08X\n",
+                      td_crc, crc() ); }
                    td_crc, crc() );
      }
    }
  const unsigned long long data_size = data_position();
  const unsigned long long td_size = trailer.data_size();
  if( td_size != data_size )
    {
    error = true;
    if( verbosity >= 0 )
-      {
+      { pp();
-      pp();
+        std::fprintf( stderr, "Data size mismatch; stored %llu (0x%llX), computed %llu (0x%llX)\n",
-      std::fprintf( stderr, "Data size mismatch; stored %llu (0x%llX), computed %llu (0x%llX)\n",
+                      td_size, td_size, data_size, data_size ); }
                    td_size, td_size, data_size, data_size );
      }
    }
  const unsigned long long member_size = rdec.member_position();
  const unsigned long long tm_size = trailer.member_size();
  if( tm_size != member_size )
    {
    error = true;
    if( verbosity >= 0 )
-      {
+      { pp();
-      pp();
+        std::fprintf( stderr, "Member size mismatch; stored %llu (0x%llX), computed %llu (0x%llX)\n",
-      std::fprintf( stderr, "Member size mismatch; stored %llu (0x%llX), computed %llu (0x%llX)\n",
+                      tm_size, tm_size, member_size, member_size ); }
                    tm_size, tm_size, member_size, member_size );
      }
    }
  if( error ) return 3;
  if( !ignore_empty && data_size == 0 ) return 5;
@ -190,8 +182,8 @@ int LZ_decoder::check_trailer( const Pretty_print & pp,
 /* Return value: 0 = OK, 1 = decoder error, 2 = unexpected EOF,
                 3 = trailer error, 4 = unknown marker found,
                 5 = empty member found, 6 = marked member found. */
-int LZ_decoder::decode_member( const Pretty_print & pp,
+int LZ_decoder::decode_member( const Cl_options & cl_opts,
-                const bool ignore_empty, const bool ignore_marking )
+                               const Pretty_print & pp )
  {
  Bit_model bm_literal[1<<literal_context_bits][0x300];
  Bit_model bm_match[State::states][pos_states];
@ -211,7 +203,7 @@ int LZ_decoder::decode_member( const Pretty_print & pp,
  unsigned rep3 = 0;
  State state;
-  if( !rdec.load( ignore_marking ) ) return 6;
+  if( !rdec.load( cl_opts.ignore_marking ) ) return 6;
  while( !rdec.finished() )
    {
    const int pos_state = data_position() & pos_state_mask;
@ -275,7 +267,7 @@ int LZ_decoder::decode_member( const Pretty_print & pp,
            rdec.normalize();
            flush_data();
            if( len == min_match_len )		// End Of Stream marker
-              return check_trailer( pp, ignore_empty );
+              return check_trailer( pp, cl_opts.ignore_empty );
            if( len == min_match_len + 1 )	// Sync Flush marker
              { rdec.load(); continue; }
            if( verbosity >= 0 )
--- a/decoder.h
+++ b/decoder.h
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public:
  int read_header_carefully( Lzip_header & header, const bool ignore_errors )
    {
    int sz = 0;
-    while( sz < Lzip_header::size && !finished() )
+    while( sz < header.size && !finished() )
      {
      header.data[sz] = buffer[pos];
      if( ignore_errors &&
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public:
      if( buffer[pos] != lzip_magic[0] ) { ++pos; continue; }
      reset_member_position();
      Lzip_header h;
-      if( read_header_carefully( h, true ) == Lzip_header::size )
+      if( read_header_carefully( h, true ) == header.size )
        { header = h; return true; }
      }
    return false;
@ -381,6 +381,7 @@ public:
  unsigned crc() const { return crc_ ^ 0xFFFFFFFFU; }
  unsigned long long data_position() const { return partial_data_pos + pos; }
-  int decode_member( const Pretty_print & pp, const bool ignore_empty = true,
+  int decode_member( const Cl_options & cl_opts, const Pretty_print & pp );
-                     const bool ignore_marking = true );
+  int decode_member()
    { return decode_member( Cl_options(), Pretty_print( "" ) ); }
  };
--- a/doc/lziprecover.1
+++ b/doc/lziprecover.1
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE!  It was generated by help2man 1.49.2.
-.TH LZIPRECOVER "1" "June 2023" "lziprecover 1.24-pre1" "User Commands"
+.TH LZIPRECOVER "1" "January 2024" "lziprecover 1.24" "User Commands"
 .SH NAME
 lziprecover \- recovers data from damaged lzip files
 .SH SYNOPSIS
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ keep (don't delete) input files
 print (un)compressed file sizes
 .TP
 \fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-merge\fR
-correct errors in file using several copies
+repair errors in file using several copies
 .TP
 \fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-output=\fR<file>
 place the output into <file>
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ To extract all the files from archive 'foo.tar.lz', use the commands
 \&'tar \fB\-xf\fR foo.tar.lz' or 'lziprecover \fB\-cd\fR foo.tar.lz | tar \fB\-xf\fR \-'.
 .PP
 Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems
-(file not found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
+(file not found, invalid command\-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
 indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency
 error (e.g., bug) which caused lziprecover to panic.
 .SH "REPORTING BUGS"
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Report bugs to lzip\-bug@nongnu.org
 .br
 Lziprecover home page: http://www.nongnu.org/lzip/lziprecover.html
 .SH COPYRIGHT
-Copyright \(co 2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+Copyright \(co 2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
 License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
 .br
 This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
--- a/doc/lziprecover.info
+++ b/doc/lziprecover.info
@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ File: lziprecover.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
 Lziprecover Manual
 ******************
-This manual is for Lziprecover (version 1.24-pre1, 14 June 2023).
+This manual is for Lziprecover (version 1.24, 20 January 2024).
 * Menu:
 * Introduction::            Purpose and features of lziprecover
-* Invoking lziprecover::    Command line interface
+* Invoking lziprecover::    Command-line interface
 * Data safety::             Protecting data from accidental loss
 * Repairing one byte::      Fixing bit flips and similar errors
 * Merging files::           Fixing several damaged copies
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ This manual is for Lziprecover (version 1.24-pre1, 14 June 2023).
 * Concept index::           Index of concepts
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This manual is free documentation: you have unlimited permission to copy,
 distribute, and modify it.
@ -211,12 +211,12 @@ to prepend './' to any file name beginning with a hyphen, or use '--'.
 '--reproduce'
     Try to recover a missing (zeroed) sector in FILE using a reference
     file and the same version of lzip that created FILE. If successful, a
-     repaired copy is written to the file 'FILE_fixed.lz'. FILE is not
+     repaired copy is written to the file FILE_fixed.lz. FILE is not
     modified at all. The exit status is 0 if the member containing the
-     zeroed sector could be repaired, 2 otherwise. Note that
+     zeroed sector could be repaired, 2 otherwise. Note that FILE_fixed.lz
-     'FILE_fixed.lz' may still contain errors in the members following the
+     may still contain errors in the members following the one repaired.
-     one repaired. *Note Reproducing one sector::, for a complete
+     *Note Reproducing one sector::, for a complete description of the
-     description of the reproduce mode.
+     reproduce mode.
 '--lzip-level=DIGIT|a|m[LENGTH]'
     Try only the given compression level or match length limit when
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ to prepend './' to any file name beginning with a hyphen, or use '--'.
     file numbers produced by '--split'.
     If any file is damaged, does not exist, can't be opened, or is not
-     regular, the final exit status will be > 0. '-lq' can be used to check
+     regular, the final exit status is > 0. '-lq' can be used to check
     quickly (without decompressing) the structural integrity of the files
     specified. (Use '--test' to check the data integrity). '-alq'
     additionally checks that none of the files specified contain trailing
@ -283,21 +283,21 @@ to prepend './' to any file name beginning with a hyphen, or use '--'.
 '--merge'
     Try to produce a correct file by merging the good parts of two or more
     damaged copies. If successful, a repaired copy is written to the file
-     'FILE_fixed.lz'. The exit status is 0 if a correct file could be
+     FILE_fixed.lz. The exit status is 0 if a correct file could be
     produced, 2 otherwise. *Note Merging files::, for a complete
     description of the merge mode.
 '-o FILE'
 '--output=FILE'
-     Place the output into FILE instead of into 'FILE_fixed.lz'. If
+     Place the repaired output into FILE instead of into FILE_fixed.lz. If
     splitting, the names of the files produced are in the form
     'rec01FILE', 'rec02FILE', etc.
-     If decompressing, or converting lzma-alone files, and '-c' has not been
+     If '-c' has not been also specified, write the (de)compressed output
-     also specified, write the decompressed or converted output to FILE;
+     to FILE, automatically creating any missing parent directories; keep
-     keep input files unchanged. This option (or '-c') is needed when
+     input files unchanged. This option (or '-c') is needed when reading
-     reading from a named pipe (fifo) or from a device. '-o -' is
+     from a named pipe (fifo) or from a device. '-o -' is equivalent to
-     equivalent to '-c'. '-o' has no effect when testing or listing.
+     '-c'. '-o' has no effect when testing or listing.
 '-q'
 '--quiet'
@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ to prepend './' to any file name beginning with a hyphen, or use '--'.
 '--byte-repair'
     Try to repair a FILE with small errors (up to one single-byte error
     per member). If successful, a repaired copy is written to the file
-     'FILE_fixed.lz'. FILE is not modified at all. The exit status is 0 if
+     FILE_fixed.lz. FILE is not modified at all. The exit status is 0 if
     the file could be repaired, 2 otherwise. *Note Repairing one byte::,
     for a complete description of the repair mode.
@ -491,12 +491,12 @@ to prepend './' to any file name beginning with a hyphen, or use '--'.
     With argument '1', test 1-bit errors in the LZMA stream of the
     compressed input FILE like the command
     'unzcrash -b1 -p7 -s-20 'lzip -t' FILE' but in memory, and therefore
-     much faster. *Note Unzcrash::. This option tests all the members
+     much faster (30 to 50 times faster). *Note Unzcrash::. This option
-     independently in a multimember file, skipping headers and trailers. If
+     tests all the members independently in a multimember file, skipping
-     a decompression succeeds, the decompressed output is compared with the
+     headers and trailers. If a decompression succeeds, the decompressed
-     decompressed output of the original FILE using MD5 digests. FILE must
+     output is compared with the decompressed output of the original FILE
-     not contain errors and must decompress correctly for the comparisons to
+     using MD5 digests. FILE must not contain errors and must decompress
-     work.
+     correctly for the comparisons to work.
     With argument 'B', test zeroed sectors (blocks of bytes) in the LZMA
     stream of the compressed input FILE like the command
@ -517,8 +517,8 @@ to prepend './' to any file name beginning with a hyphen, or use '--'.
 '--debug-decompress=POSITION,VALUE'
     Load the compressed FILE into memory, set the byte at POSITION to
     VALUE, and decompress the modified compressed data to standard output.
-     If the damaged member is decompressed fully (just fails with a CRC
+     If the damaged member can be decompressed to the end (just fails with
-     mismatch), the members following it are also decompressed.
+     a CRC mismatch), the members following it are also decompressed.
 '-X[POSITION,VALUE]'
 '--show-packets[=POSITION,VALUE]'
@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ Q        quettabyte (10^30)         |   Qi       quebibyte (2^100)
   Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file not
-found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a
+found, invalid command-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a
 corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency error (e.g.,
 bug) which caused lziprecover to panic.
@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ File: lziprecover.info,  Node: Data safety,  Next: Repairing one byte,  Prev: In
 3 Protecting data from accidental loss
 **************************************
-It is a fact of life that sometimes data will become corrupt. Software has
+It is a fact of life that sometimes data becomes corrupt. Software has
 errors. Hardware may misbehave or fail. RAM may be struck by a cosmic ray.
 This is why a safe enough integrity checking is needed in compressed
 formats, and the reason why a data recovery tool is sometimes needed.
@ -690,9 +690,9 @@ File: lziprecover.info,  Node: Repairing one byte,  Next: Merging files,  Prev:
 Lziprecover can repair perfectly most files with small errors (up to one
 single-byte error per member), without the need of any extra redundance at
-all. If the reparation is successful, the repaired file will be identical
+all. If the reparation is successful, the repaired file is identical bit for
-bit for bit to the original. This makes lzip files resistant to bit flip,
+bit to the original. This makes lzip files resistant to bit flip, one of the
-one of the most common forms of data corruption.
+most common forms of data corruption.
   The file is repaired in memory. Therefore, enough virtual memory
 (RAM + swap) to contain the largest damaged member is required.
@ -730,23 +730,23 @@ File: lziprecover.info,  Node: Merging files,  Next: Reproducing one sector,  Pr
 ***************
 If you have several copies of a file but all of them are too damaged to
-repair them (*note Repairing one byte::), lziprecover can try to produce a
+repair them individually (*note Repairing one byte::), lziprecover can try
-correct file by merging the good parts of the damaged copies.
+to produce a correct file by merging the good parts of the damaged copies.
   The merge may succeed even if some copies of the file have all the
 headers and trailers damaged, as long as there is at least one copy of
 every header and trailer intact, even if they are in different copies of
 the file.
-   The merge will fail if the damaged areas overlap (at least one byte is
+   The merge fails if the damaged areas overlap (at least one byte is
 damaged in all copies), or are adjacent and the boundary can't be
 determined, or if the copies have too many damaged areas.
   All the copies to be merged must have the same size. If any of them is
 larger or smaller than it should, either because it has been truncated or
 because it got some garbage data appended at the end, it can be brought to
-the correct size with the following command before merging it with the
+the correct size with the following command before merging it with the other
-other copies:
+copies:
     ddrescue -s<correct_size> -x<correct_size> file.lz correct_size_file.lz
@ -1009,8 +1009,8 @@ the tar archiver and the lzip compressor.
   Tarlz creates tar archives using a simplified and safer variant of the
 POSIX pax format compressed in lzip format, keeping the alignment between
 tar members and lzip members. The resulting multimember tar.lz archive is
-fully backward compatible with standard tar tools like GNU tar, which treat
+backward compatible with standard tar tools like GNU tar, which treat it
-it like any other tar.lz archive. *Note tarlz manual: (tarlz)Top, and *note
+like any other tar.lz archive. *Note tarlz manual: (tarlz)Top, and *note
 lzip manual: (lzip)Top.
   Multimember tar.lz archives have some safety advantages over solidly
@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ when there is no longer anything to take away.
   represents a variable number of bytes.
-   A lzip file consists of a series of independent "members" (compressed
+   A lzip file consists of one or more independent "members" (compressed
 data sets). The members simply appear one after another in the file, with no
 additional information before, between, or after them. Each member can
 encode in compressed form up to 16 EiB - 1 byte of uncompressed data. The
@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ member. Such trailing data may be:
     the file has not been truncated), a cryptographically secure hash, a
     description of file contents, etc. It is safe to append any amount of
     text to a lzip file as long as none of the first four bytes of the
-     text match the corresponding byte in the string "LZIP", and the text
+     text matches the corresponding byte in the string "LZIP", and the text
     does not contain any zero bytes (null characters). Nonzero bytes and
     zero bytes can't be safely mixed in trailing data.
@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ member. Such trailing data may be:
     discriminate trailing data from a corrupt header has a Hamming
     distance (HD) of 3, and the 3 bit flips must happen in different magic
     bytes for the test to fail. In any case, the option '--trailing-error'
-     guarantees that any corrupt header will be detected.
+     guarantees that any corrupt header is detected.
   Trailing data are in no way part of the lzip file format, but tools
 reading lzip files are expected to behave as correctly and usefully as
@ -1305,7 +1305,9 @@ File: lziprecover.info,  Node: Unzcrash,  Next: Problems,  Prev: Examples,  Up:
 12 Testing the robustness of decompressors
 ******************************************
-The lziprecover package also includes unzcrash, a program written to test
+*Note --unzcrash::, for a faster way of testing the robustness of lzip.
   The lziprecover package also includes unzcrash, a program written to test
 robustness to decompression of corrupted data, inspired by unzcrash.c from
 Julian Seward's bzip2. Type 'make unzcrash' in the lziprecover source
 directory to build it.
@ -1332,7 +1334,7 @@ the first non-option argument, and then writes the file specified in the
 second non-option argument to the standard input of the subprocess,
 modifying the corresponding byte each time. Therefore unzcrash can be used
 to test any decompressor (not only lzip), or even other decoder programs
-having a suitable command line syntax.
+having a suitable command-line syntax.
   If the decompressor returns with zero status, unzcrash compares the
 output of the decompressor for the original and corrupt files. If the
@ -1345,9 +1347,9 @@ latter case, please, report any false negative as a bug.
   In order to compare the outputs, unzcrash needs a 'zcmp' program able to
 understand the format being tested. For example the 'zcmp' provided by
 zutils. If the 'zcmp' program used does not understand the format being
-tested, all the comparisons will fail because the compressed files will be
+tested, all the comparisons fail because the compressed files are compared
-compared without being decompressed first. Use '--zcmp=false' to disable
+without being decompressed first. Use '--zcmp=false' to disable comparisons.
-comparisons. *Note Zcmp: (zutils)Zcmp.
+*Note Zcmp: (zutils)Zcmp.
   The format for running unzcrash is:
@ -1395,8 +1397,8 @@ tested must decompress it correctly for the comparisons to work.
     Test one byte, block, or truncation size every N bytes. If '--delta'
     is not specified, unzcrash tests all the bytes, non-overlapping
     blocks, or truncation sizes. Values of N smaller than the block size
-     will result in overlapping blocks. (Which is convenient for testing
+     result in overlapping blocks. (Which is convenient for testing because
-     because there are usually too few non-overlapping blocks in a file).
+     there are usually too few non-overlapping blocks in a file).
 '-e POSITION,VALUE'
 '--set-byte=POSITION,VALUE'
@ -1447,7 +1449,7 @@ tested must decompress it correctly for the comparisons to work.
   Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file not
-found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a
+found, invalid command-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a
 corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency error (e.g.,
 bug) which caused unzcrash to panic.
@ -1499,31 +1501,32 @@ Concept index
 Tag Table:
 Node: Top226
-Node: Introduction1408
+Node: Introduction1406
-Node: Invoking lziprecover5414
+Node: Invoking lziprecover5412
-Ref: --trailing-error6361
+Ref: --trailing-error6359
-Ref: range-format8793
+Ref: range-format8791
-Ref: --reproduce9128
+Ref: --reproduce9126
-Ref: --byte-repair13424
+Ref: --byte-repair13411
-Node: Data safety27441
+Ref: --unzcrash23209
-Node: Merging with a backup29429
+Node: Data safety27459
-Node: Reproducing a mailbox30692
+Node: Merging with a backup29443
-Node: Repairing one byte33146
+Node: Reproducing a mailbox30706
-Node: Merging files35211
+Node: Repairing one byte33160
-Ref: performance-of-merge36381
+Node: Merging files35220
-Ref: ddrescue-example37990
+Ref: performance-of-merge36399
-Node: Reproducing one sector39277
+Ref: ddrescue-example38008
-Ref: performance-of-reproduce43163
+Node: Reproducing one sector39295
-Ref: ddrescue-example245837
+Ref: performance-of-reproduce43181
-Node: Tarlz48257
+Ref: ddrescue-example245855
-Node: File names51921
+Node: Tarlz48275
-Node: File format52383
+Node: File names51933
-Node: Trailing data55070
+Node: File format52395
-Node: Examples58388
+Node: Trailing data55082
-Ref: concat-example58963
+Node: Examples58397
-Node: Unzcrash60355
+Ref: concat-example58972
-Node: Problems66633
+Node: Unzcrash60364
-Node: Concept index67185
+Node: Problems66704
 Node: Concept index67256
 End Tag Table
--- a/doc/lziprecover.texi
+++ b/doc/lziprecover.texi
@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
@finalout
@c %**end of header
-@set UPDATED 14 June 2023
+@set UPDATED 20 January 2024
-@set VERSION 1.24-pre1
+@set VERSION 1.24
@dircategory Compression
@direntry
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ This manual is for Lziprecover (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
@menu
 * Introduction::            Purpose and features of lziprecover
-* Invoking lziprecover::    Command line interface
+* Invoking lziprecover::    Command-line interface
 * Data safety::             Protecting data from accidental loss
 * Repairing one byte::      Fixing bit flips and similar errors
 * Merging files::           Fixing several damaged copies
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ This manual is for Lziprecover (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
@end menu
@sp 1
-Copyright @copyright{} 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
 This manual is free documentation: you have unlimited permission to copy,
 distribute, and modify it.
@ -254,12 +254,12 @@ unless the option @option{--output} is used.
@itemx --reproduce
 Try to recover a missing (zeroed) sector in @var{file} using a reference
 file and the same version of lzip that created @var{file}. If successful, a
-repaired copy is written to the file @samp{@var{file}_fixed.lz}. @var{file}
+repaired copy is written to the file @var{file}_fixed.lz. @var{file} is not
-is not modified at all. The exit status is 0 if the member containing the
+modified at all. The exit status is 0 if the member containing the zeroed
-zeroed sector could be repaired, 2 otherwise. Note that
+sector could be repaired, 2 otherwise. Note that @var{file}_fixed.lz may
-@samp{@var{file}_fixed.lz} may still contain errors in the members following
+still contain errors in the members following the one repaired.
-the one repaired. @xref{Reproducing one sector}, for a complete description
+@xref{Reproducing one sector}, for a complete description of the reproduce
-of the reproduce mode.
+mode.
@item --lzip-level=@var{digit}|a|m[@var{length}]
 Try only the given compression level or match length limit when reproducing
@ -315,30 +315,30 @@ are ignored, and with @option{-ivv}, gaps between members are shown. The
 member numbers shown coincide with the file numbers produced by @option{--split}.
 If any file is damaged, does not exist, can't be opened, or is not regular,
-the final exit status will be @w{> 0}. @option{-lq} can be used to check
+the final exit status is @w{> 0}. @option{-lq} can be used to check quickly
-quickly (without decompressing) the structural integrity of the files
+(without decompressing) the structural integrity of the files specified.
-specified. (Use @option{--test} to check the data integrity). @option{-alq}
+(Use @option{--test} to check the data integrity). @option{-alq}
 additionally checks that none of the files specified contain trailing data.
@item -m
@itemx --merge
 Try to produce a correct file by merging the good parts of two or more
 damaged copies. If successful, a repaired copy is written to the file
-@samp{@var{file}_fixed.lz}. The exit status is 0 if a correct file could
+@var{file}_fixed.lz. The exit status is 0 if a correct file could be
-be produced, 2 otherwise. @xref{Merging files}, for a complete
+produced, 2 otherwise. @xref{Merging files}, for a complete description of
-description of the merge mode.
+the merge mode.
@item -o @var{file}
@itemx --output=@var{file}
-Place the output into @var{file} instead of into @samp{@var{file}_fixed.lz}.
+Place the repaired output into @var{file} instead of into
-If splitting, the names of the files produced are in the form
+@var{file}_fixed.lz. If splitting, the names of the files produced are in
-@samp{rec01@var{file}}, @samp{rec02@var{file}}, etc.
+the form @samp{rec01@var{file}}, @samp{rec02@var{file}}, etc.
-If decompressing, or converting lzma-alone files, and @option{-c} has not been
+If @option{-c} has not been also specified, write the (de)compressed output
-also specified, write the decompressed or converted output to @var{file};
+to @var{file}, automatically creating any missing parent directories; keep
-keep input files unchanged. This option (or @option{-c}) is needed when
+input files unchanged. This option (or @option{-c}) is needed when reading
-reading from a named pipe (fifo) or from a device. @w{@samp{-o -}} is
+from a named pipe (fifo) or from a device. @w{@option{-o -}} is equivalent
-equivalent to @option{-c}. @option{-o} has no effect when testing or listing.
+to @option{-c}. @option{-o} has no effect when testing or listing.
@item -q
@itemx --quiet
@ -349,9 +349,9 @@ Quiet operation. Suppress all messages.
@itemx --byte-repair
 Try to repair a @var{file} with small errors (up to one single-byte error
 per member). If successful, a repaired copy is written to the file
-@samp{@var{file}_fixed.lz}. @var{file} is not modified at all. The exit
+@var{file}_fixed.lz. @var{file} is not modified at all. The exit status is 0
-status is 0 if the file could be repaired, 2 otherwise. @xref{Repairing one
+if the file could be repaired, 2 otherwise. @xref{Repairing one byte}, for a
-byte}, for a complete description of the repair mode.
+complete description of the repair mode.
@item -s
@itemx --split
@ -522,17 +522,18 @@ specified, print the frequency of repeated sequences of all possible byte
 values. Print cumulative data for all the files, followed by the name of the
 first file with the longest sequence.
@anchor{--unzcrash}
@item -U 1|B@var{size}
@itemx --unzcrash=1|B@var{size}
 With argument @samp{1}, test 1-bit errors in the LZMA stream of the
 compressed input @var{file} like the command
@w{@samp{unzcrash -b1 -p7 -s-20 'lzip -t' @var{file}}} but in memory, and
-therefore much faster. @xref{Unzcrash}. This option tests all the members
+therefore much faster (30 to 50 times faster). @xref{Unzcrash}. This option
-independently in a multimember file, skipping headers and trailers. If a
+tests all the members independently in a multimember file, skipping headers
-decompression succeeds, the decompressed output is compared with the
+and trailers. If a decompression succeeds, the decompressed output is
-decompressed output of the original @var{file} using MD5 digests. @var{file}
+compared with the decompressed output of the original @var{file} using MD5
-must not contain errors and must decompress correctly for the comparisons to
+digests. @var{file} must not contain errors and must decompress correctly
-work.
+for the comparisons to work.
 With argument @samp{B}, test zeroed sectors (blocks of bytes) in the LZMA
 stream of the compressed input @var{file} like the command
@ -553,8 +554,8 @@ block for zeroed blocks.
@itemx --debug-decompress=@var{position},@var{value}
 Load the compressed @var{file} into memory, set the byte at @var{position}
 to @var{value}, and decompress the modified compressed data to standard
-output. If the damaged member is decompressed fully (just fails with a CRC
+output. If the damaged member can be decompressed to the end (just fails
-mismatch), the members following it are also decompressed.
+with a CRC mismatch), the members following it are also decompressed.
@item -X[@var{position},@var{value}]
@itemx --show-packets[=@var{position},@var{value}]
@ -603,7 +604,7 @@ Table of SI and binary prefixes (unit multipliers):
@sp 1
 Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems
-(file not found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
+(file not found, invalid command-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
 indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency
 error (e.g., bug) which caused lziprecover to panic.
@ -612,7 +613,7 @@ error (e.g., bug) which caused lziprecover to panic.
@chapter Protecting data from accidental loss
@cindex data safety
-It is a fact of life that sometimes data will become corrupt. Software has
+It is a fact of life that sometimes data becomes corrupt. Software has
 errors. Hardware may misbehave or fail. RAM may be struck by a cosmic ray.
 This is why a safe enough integrity checking is needed in compressed
 formats, and the reason why a data recovery tool is sometimes needed.
@ -725,10 +726,10 @@ identical backups (@pxref{performance-of-merge}).
@cindex repairing one byte
 Lziprecover can repair perfectly most files with small errors (up to one
-single-byte error per member), without the need of any extra redundance
+single-byte error per member), without the need of any extra redundance at
-at all. If the reparation is successful, the repaired file will be
+all. If the reparation is successful, the repaired file is identical bit for
-identical bit for bit to the original. This makes lzip files resistant
+bit to the original. This makes lzip files resistant to bit flip, one of the
-to bit flip, one of the most common forms of data corruption.
+most common forms of data corruption.
 The file is repaired in memory. Therefore, enough virtual memory
@w{(RAM + swap)} to contain the largest damaged member is required.
@ -765,23 +766,22 @@ repairs more efficiently the worst errors.
@cindex merging files
 If you have several copies of a file but all of them are too damaged to
-repair them (@pxref{Repairing one byte}), lziprecover can try to produce a
+repair them individually (@pxref{Repairing one byte}), lziprecover can try
-correct file by merging the good parts of the damaged copies.
+to produce a correct file by merging the good parts of the damaged copies.
-The merge may succeed even if some copies of the file have all the
+The merge may succeed even if some copies of the file have all the headers
-headers and trailers damaged, as long as there is at least one copy of
+and trailers damaged, as long as there is at least one copy of every header
-every header and trailer intact, even if they are in different copies of
+and trailer intact, even if they are in different copies of the file.
 the file.
-The merge will fail if the damaged areas overlap (at least one byte is
+The merge fails if the damaged areas overlap (at least one byte is damaged
-damaged in all copies), or are adjacent and the boundary can't be
+in all copies), or are adjacent and the boundary can't be determined, or if
-determined, or if the copies have too many damaged areas.
+the copies have too many damaged areas.
 All the copies to be merged must have the same size. If any of them is
-larger or smaller than it should, either because it has been truncated
+larger or smaller than it should, either because it has been truncated or
-or because it got some garbage data appended at the end, it can be
+because it got some garbage data appended at the end, it can be brought to
-brought to the correct size with the following command before merging it
+the correct size with the following command before merging it with the other
-with the other copies:
+copies:
@example
 ddrescue -s<correct_size> -x<correct_size> file.lz correct_size_file.lz
@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ archiver and the
 Tarlz creates tar archives using a simplified and safer variant of the POSIX
 pax format compressed in lzip format, keeping the alignment between tar
-members and lzip members. The resulting multimember tar.lz archive is fully
+members and lzip members. The resulting multimember tar.lz archive is
 backward compatible with standard tar tools like GNU tar, which treat it
 like any other tar.lz archive.
@ifnothtml
@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ represents one byte; a box like this:
 represents a variable number of bytes.
@sp 1
-A lzip file consists of a series of independent "members" (compressed data
+A lzip file consists of one or more independent "members" (compressed data
 sets). The members simply appear one after another in the file, with no
 additional information before, between, or after them. Each member can
 encode in compressed form up to @w{16 EiB - 1 byte} of uncompressed data.
@ -1277,7 +1277,7 @@ padding zero bytes to a lzip file.
 Useful data added by the user; an "End Of File" string (to check that the
 file has not been truncated), a cryptographically secure hash, a description
 of file contents, etc. It is safe to append any amount of text to a lzip
-file as long as none of the first four bytes of the text match the
+file as long as none of the first four bytes of the text matches the
 corresponding byte in the string "LZIP", and the text does not contain any
 zero bytes (null characters). Nonzero bytes and zero bytes can't be safely
 mixed in trailing data.
@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ the noise level. Additionally, the test used by lziprecover to discriminate
 trailing data from a corrupt header has a Hamming distance (HD) of 3,
 and the 3 bit flips must happen in different magic bytes for the test to
 fail. In any case, the option @option{--trailing-error} guarantees that
-any corrupt header will be detected.
+any corrupt header is detected.
@end itemize
 Trailing data are in no way part of the lzip file format, but tools
@ -1435,6 +1435,8 @@ lziprecover -tv rec*file.lz
@chapter Testing the robustness of decompressors
@cindex unzcrash
@xref{--unzcrash}, for a faster way of testing the robustness of lzip.
 The lziprecover package also includes unzcrash, a program written to test
 robustness to decompression of corrupted data, inspired by unzcrash.c from
 Julian Seward's bzip2. Type @samp{make unzcrash} in the lziprecover source
@ -1462,7 +1464,7 @@ first non-option argument, and then writes the file specified in the second
 non-option argument to the standard input of the subprocess, modifying the
 corresponding byte each time. Therefore unzcrash can be used to test any
 decompressor (not only lzip), or even other decoder programs having a
-suitable command line syntax.
+suitable command-line syntax.
 If the decompressor returns with zero status, unzcrash compares the output
 of the decompressor for the original and corrupt files. If the outputs
@ -1476,9 +1478,8 @@ In order to compare the outputs, unzcrash needs a @samp{zcmp} program able
 to understand the format being tested. For example the @samp{zcmp} provided
 by @uref{http://www.nongnu.org/zutils/manual/zutils_manual.html#Zcmp,,zutils}.
 If the @samp{zcmp} program used does not understand the format being tested,
-all the comparisons will fail because the compressed files will be compared
+all the comparisons fail because the compressed files are compared without
-without being decompressed first. Use @option{--zcmp=false} to disable
+being decompressed first. Use @option{--zcmp=false} to disable comparisons.
 comparisons.
@ifnothtml
@xref{Zcmp,,,zutils}.
@end ifnothtml
@ -1535,7 +1536,7 @@ with the option @option{--delta}.
 Test one byte, block, or truncation size every @var{n} bytes. If
@option{--delta} is not specified, unzcrash tests all the bytes,
 non-overlapping blocks, or truncation sizes. Values of @var{n} smaller than
-the block size will result in overlapping blocks. (Which is convenient for
+the block size result in overlapping blocks. (Which is convenient for
 testing because there are usually too few non-overlapping blocks in a file).
@item -e @var{position},@var{value}
@ -1588,7 +1589,7 @@ unzcrash and zcmp to use the same decompressor with a command like
@end table
 Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems
-(file not found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
+(file not found, invalid command-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
 indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency
 error (e.g., bug) which caused unzcrash to panic.
--- a/dump_remove.cc
+++ b/dump_remove.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -32,6 +32,9 @@
 #include "lzip_index.h"
 const char * const pdate_msg = "warning: can't preserve file date";
 /* If strip is false, dump to outfd members/gaps/tdata in member_list.
   If strip is true, dump to outfd members/gaps/tdata not in member_list. */
 int dump_members( const std::vector< std::string > & filenames,
@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ int dump_members( const std::vector< std::string > & filenames,
    else if( trailing_size > 0 ) { stripped_tsize += trailing_size; ++tfiles; }
    close( infd );
    }
-  if( close_outstream( 0 ) != 0 ) set_retval( retval, 1 );
+  if( !close_outstream( 0 ) ) set_retval( retval, 1 );
  if( verbosity >= 1 )
    {
    if( !strip )
@ -275,7 +278,8 @@ int remove_members( const std::vector< std::string > & filenames,
    struct utimbuf t;
    t.actime = in_stats.st_atime;
    t.modtime = in_stats.st_mtime;
-    utime( filename, &t );
+    if( utime( filename, &t ) != 0 && verbosity >= 1 )
      show_file_error( filename, pdate_msg, errno );
    }
  if( verbosity >= 1 )
    {
@ -320,7 +324,7 @@ int clear_marking( const std::vector< std::string > & filenames,
    uint8_t header_buf[bufsize];
    const uint8_t * const p = header_buf;	// keep gcc 6.1.0 quiet
    const Lzip_header & header = *(const Lzip_header *)p;
-    uint8_t * const mark = header_buf + Lzip_header::size;
+    uint8_t * const mark = header_buf + header.size;
    bool write_attempted = false;
    for( long j = 0; j < lzip_index.members(); ++j )	// clear the members
      {
@ -333,7 +337,7 @@ int clear_marking( const std::vector< std::string > & filenames,
          set_retval( retval, 2 ); break; }
      if( *mark == 0 ) continue;
      *mark = 0; write_attempted = true;
-      if( seek_write( fd, mark, 1, mb.pos() + Lzip_header::size ) != 1 )
+      if( seek_write( fd, mark, 1, mb.pos() + header.size ) != 1 )
        { show_file_error( filename, "Error writing to file", errno );
          set_retval( retval, 1 ); break; }
      ++cleared_members;
@ -348,7 +352,8 @@ int clear_marking( const std::vector< std::string > & filenames,
      struct utimbuf t;
      t.actime = in_stats.st_atime;
      t.modtime = in_stats.st_mtime;
-      utime( filename, &t );
+      if( utime( filename, &t ) != 0 && verbosity >= 1 )
        show_file_error( filename, pdate_msg, errno );
      ++files;
      }
    }
--- a/list.cc
+++ b/list.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
--- a/lunzcrash.cc
+++ b/lunzcrash.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
--- a/lzip.h
+++ b/lzip.h
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ struct Lzip_trailer
  };
-struct Cl_options		// command line options
+struct Cl_options		// command-line options
  {
  bool ignore_empty;
  bool ignore_errors;
@ -355,7 +355,6 @@ public:
  bool overlaps( const long long pos, const long long size ) const
    { return pos_ < pos + size && pos < end(); }
  void shift( Block & b ) { ++size_; ++b.pos_; --b.size_; }
  Block split( const long long pos );
  };
@ -479,12 +478,13 @@ int open_instream( const char * const name, struct stat * const in_statsp,
 int open_truncable_stream( const char * const name,
                           struct stat * const in_statsp );
 bool open_outstream( const bool force, const bool protect,
-                     const bool rw = false, const bool skipping = true );
+                     const bool rw = false, const bool skipping = true,
                     const bool to_file = false );
 bool output_file_exists();
 void cleanup_and_fail( const int retval );
 bool check_tty_out();
 void set_signal_handler();
-int close_outstream( const struct stat * const in_statsp );
+bool close_outstream( const struct stat * const in_statsp );
 std::string insert_fixed( std::string name );
 void show_2file_error( const char * const msg1, const char * const name1,
                       const char * const name2, const char * const msg2 );
--- a/lzip_index.cc
+++ b/lzip_index.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -39,17 +39,16 @@ int seek_read( const int fd, uint8_t * const buf, const int size,
  }
-bool Lzip_index::check_header_error( const Lzip_header & header,
+bool Lzip_index::check_header( const Lzip_header & header,
-                                     const bool first, const bool ignore_bad_ds )
+                               const bool ignore_bad_ds )
  {
  if( !header.check_magic() )
-    { error_ = bad_magic_msg; retval_ = 2; if( first ) bad_magic_ = true;
+    { error_ = bad_magic_msg; retval_ = 2; return false; }
      return true; }
  if( !header.check_version() )
-    { error_ = bad_version( header.version() ); retval_ = 2; return true; }
+    { error_ = bad_version( header.version() ); retval_ = 2; return false; }
  if( !ignore_bad_ds && !isvalid_ds( header.dictionary_size() ) )
-    { error_ = bad_dict_msg; retval_ = 2; return true; }
+    { error_ = bad_dict_msg; retval_ = 2; return false; }
-  return false;
+  return true;
  }
 void Lzip_index::set_errno_error( const char * const msg )
@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ void Lzip_index::set_num_error( const char * const msg, unsigned long long num )
 bool Lzip_index::read_header( const int fd, Lzip_header & header,
                              const long long pos, const bool ignore_marking )
  {
-  if( seek_read( fd, header.data, Lzip_header::size, pos ) != Lzip_header::size )
+  if( seek_read( fd, header.data, header.size, pos ) != header.size )
    { set_errno_error( "Error reading member header: " ); return false; }
  uint8_t byte;
  if( !ignore_marking && readblock( fd, &byte, 1 ) == 1 && byte != 0 )
@ -81,8 +80,8 @@ bool Lzip_index::read_header( const int fd, Lzip_header & header,
 bool Lzip_index::read_trailer( const int fd, Lzip_trailer & trailer,
                               const long long pos )
  {
-  if( seek_read( fd, trailer.data, Lzip_trailer::size,
+  if( seek_read( fd, trailer.data, trailer.size, pos - trailer.size ) !=
-                 pos - Lzip_trailer::size ) != Lzip_trailer::size )
+      trailer.size )
    { set_errno_error( "Error reading member trailer: " ); return false; }
  return true;
  }
@ -118,24 +117,23 @@ bool Lzip_index::skip_gap( const int fd, unsigned long long & pos,
      if( buffer[i-1] <= max_msb )	// most significant byte of member_size
        {
        const Lzip_trailer & trailer =
-          *(const Lzip_trailer *)( buffer + i - Lzip_trailer::size );
+          *(const Lzip_trailer *)( buffer + i - trailer.size );
        const unsigned long long member_size = trailer.member_size();
        if( member_size == 0 )			// skip trailing zeros
-          { while( i > Lzip_trailer::size && buffer[i-9] == 0 ) --i; continue; }
+          { while( i > trailer.size && buffer[i-9] == 0 ) --i; continue; }
-        if( member_size > ipos + i || !trailer.check_consistency() )
+        if( member_size > ipos + i || !trailer.check_consistency() ) continue;
          continue;
        Lzip_header header;
        if( !read_header( fd, header, ipos + i - member_size,
                          cl_opts.ignore_marking ) ) return false;
        if( !header.check( ignore_bad_ds ) ) continue;
        const Lzip_header & header2 = *(const Lzip_header *)( buffer + i );
-        const bool full_h2 = bsize - i >= Lzip_header::size;
+        const bool full_h2 = bsize - i >= header.size;
        if( header2.check_prefix( bsize - i ) )	// next header
          {
          if( !ignore_gaps && member_vector.empty() )	// last member
            {
            if( !full_h2 ) error_ = "Last member in input file is truncated.";
-            else if( !check_header_error( header2, false, ignore_bad_ds ) )
+            else if( check_header( header2, ignore_bad_ds ) )
              error_ = "Last member in input file is truncated or corrupt.";
            retval_ = 2; return false;
            }
@ -154,15 +152,15 @@ bool Lzip_index::skip_gap( const int fd, unsigned long long & pos,
          if( !cl_opts.ignore_trailing )
            { error_ = trailing_msg; retval_ = 2; return false; }
          }
        pos = ipos + i - member_size;
        const unsigned long long data_size = trailer.data_size();
        if( !cl_opts.ignore_empty && data_size == 0 )
          { error_ = empty_msg; retval_ = 2; return false; }
        pos = ipos + i - member_size;			// good member
        const unsigned dictionary_size = header.dictionary_size();
        member_vector.push_back( Member( 0, data_size, pos, member_size,
                                         dictionary_size ) );
        if( dictionary_size_ < dictionary_size )
          dictionary_size_ = dictionary_size;
        member_vector.push_back( Member( 0, data_size, pos, member_size,
                                         dictionary_size ) );
        return true;
        }
    if( ipos == 0 )
@ -190,8 +188,7 @@ bool Lzip_index::skip_gap( const int fd, unsigned long long & pos,
 Lzip_index::Lzip_index( const int infd, const Cl_options & cl_opts,
                        const bool ignore_bad_ds, const bool ignore_gaps,
                        const long long max_pos )
-  : insize( lseek( infd, 0, SEEK_END ) ), retval_( 0 ),
+  : insize( lseek( infd, 0, SEEK_END ) ), retval_( 0 ), dictionary_size_( 0 )
    dictionary_size_( 0 ), bad_magic_( false )
  {
  if( insize < 0 )
    { set_errno_error( "Input file is not seekable: " ); return; }
@ -202,8 +199,8 @@ Lzip_index::Lzip_index( const int infd, const Cl_options & cl_opts,
      retval_ = 2; return; }
  Lzip_header header;
-  if( !read_header( infd, header, 0, cl_opts.ignore_marking ) ) return;
+  if( !read_header( infd, header, 0, cl_opts.ignore_marking ) ||
-  if( check_header_error( header, true, ignore_bad_ds ) ) return;
+      !check_header( header, ignore_bad_ds ) ) return;
  // pos always points to a header or to ( EOF || max_pos )
  unsigned long long pos = ( max_pos > 0 ) ? max_pos : insize;
@ -220,8 +217,7 @@ Lzip_index::Lzip_index( const int infd, const Cl_options & cl_opts,
      if( ignore_gaps || member_vector.empty() )
        { if( skip_gap( infd, pos, cl_opts, ignore_bad_ds, ignore_gaps ) )
            continue; else return; }
-      set_num_error( "Bad trailer at pos ", pos - Lzip_trailer::size );
+      set_num_error( "Bad trailer at pos ", pos - trailer.size ); break;
      break;
      }
    if( !read_header( infd, header, pos - member_size, cl_opts.ignore_marking ) )
      break;
@ -230,18 +226,17 @@ Lzip_index::Lzip_index( const int infd, const Cl_options & cl_opts,
      if( ignore_gaps || member_vector.empty() )
        { if( skip_gap( infd, pos, cl_opts, ignore_bad_ds, ignore_gaps ) )
            continue; else return; }
-      set_num_error( "Bad header at pos ", pos - member_size );
+      set_num_error( "Bad header at pos ", pos - member_size ); break;
      break;
      }
    pos -= member_size;
    const unsigned long long data_size = trailer.data_size();
    if( !cl_opts.ignore_empty && data_size == 0 )
      { error_ = empty_msg; retval_ = 2; break; }
    pos -= member_size;					// good member
    const unsigned dictionary_size = header.dictionary_size();
    member_vector.push_back( Member( 0, data_size, pos, member_size,
                                     dictionary_size ) );
    if( dictionary_size_ < dictionary_size )
      dictionary_size_ = dictionary_size;
    member_vector.push_back( Member( 0, data_size, pos, member_size,
                                     dictionary_size ) );
    }
  // block at pos == 0 must be a member unless shorter than min_member_size
  if( pos >= min_member_size || ( pos != 0 && !ignore_gaps ) ||
@ -272,8 +267,7 @@ Lzip_index::Lzip_index( const int infd, const Cl_options & cl_opts,
 // All files in 'infd_vector' must be at least 'fsize' bytes long.
 Lzip_index::Lzip_index( const std::vector< int > & infd_vector,
                        const long long fsize )
-  : insize( fsize ), retval_( 0 ),
+  : insize( fsize ), retval_( 0 ), dictionary_size_( 0 )	// DS not used
    dictionary_size_( 0 ), bad_magic_( false )		// DS not used
  {
  if( insize < 0 )
    { set_errno_error( "Input file is not seekable: " ); return; }
@ -322,7 +316,7 @@ Lzip_index::Lzip_index( const std::vector< int > & infd_vector,
      }
    if( member_vector.empty() && insize > pos )
      {
-      const int size = std::min( (long long)Lzip_header::size, insize - pos );
+      const int size = std::min( (long long)header.size, insize - pos );
      for( int i = 0; i < files; ++i )
        {
        const int infd = infd_vector[i];
@ -339,7 +333,7 @@ Lzip_index::Lzip_index( const std::vector< int > & infd_vector,
                                     member_size, 0 ) );
    }
 error:
-  if( pos != 0 || member_vector.empty() )
+  if( pos != 0 || member_vector.empty() || retval_ != 0 )
    {
    member_vector.clear();
    if( retval_ == 0 ) { error_ = "Can't create file index."; retval_ = 2; }
--- a/lzip_index.h
+++ b/lzip_index.h
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -39,10 +39,8 @@ class Lzip_index
  long long insize;
  int retval_;
  unsigned dictionary_size_;	// largest dictionary size in the file
  bool bad_magic_;		// bad magic in first header
-  bool check_header_error( const Lzip_header & header, const bool first,
+  bool check_header( const Lzip_header & header, const bool ignore_bad_ds );
                           const bool ignore_bad_ds );
  void set_errno_error( const char * const msg );
  void set_num_error( const char * const msg, unsigned long long num );
  bool read_header( const int fd, Lzip_header & header, const long long pos,
@ -55,8 +53,7 @@ class Lzip_index
 public:
  Lzip_index()
-    : error_( "No index" ), insize( 0 ), retval_( 2 ),
+    : error_( "No index" ), insize( 0 ), retval_( 2 ), dictionary_size_( 0 ) {}
      dictionary_size_( 0 ), bad_magic_( false ) {}
  Lzip_index( const int infd, const Cl_options & cl_opts,
              const bool ignore_bad_ds = false, const bool ignore_gaps = false,
              const long long max_pos = 0 );
@ -67,7 +64,6 @@ public:
  const std::string & error() const { return error_; }
  int retval() const { return retval_; }
  unsigned dictionary_size() const { return dictionary_size_; }
  bool bad_magic() const { return bad_magic_; }
  bool operator==( const Lzip_index & li ) const
    {
--- a/main.cc
+++ b/main.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 */
 /*
   Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems
-   (file not found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
+   (file not found, invalid command-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
   indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency
   error (e.g., bug) which caused lziprecover to panic.
 */
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 #error "Environments where 'size_t' is narrower than 'long' are not supported."
 #endif
-bool fits_in_size_t( const unsigned long long size )
+bool fits_in_size_t( const unsigned long long size )	// fits also in long
  { return ( sizeof (long) <= sizeof (size_t) && size <= LONG_MAX ) ||
           ( sizeof (int) <= sizeof (size_t) && size <= INT_MAX ); }
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void show_help()
               "  -i, --ignore-errors           ignore some errors in -d, -D, -l, -t, --dump\n"
               "  -k, --keep                    keep (don't delete) input files\n"
               "  -l, --list                    print (un)compressed file sizes\n"
-               "  -m, --merge                   correct errors in file using several copies\n"
+               "  -m, --merge                   repair errors in file using several copies\n"
               "  -o, --output=<file>           place the output into <file>\n"
               "  -q, --quiet                   suppress all messages\n"
               "  -R, --byte-repair             try to repair a corrupt byte in file\n"
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ void show_help()
               "\nTo extract all the files from archive 'foo.tar.lz', use the commands\n"
               "'tar -xf foo.tar.lz' or 'lziprecover -cd foo.tar.lz | tar -xf -'.\n"
               "\nExit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems\n"
-               "(file not found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to\n"
+               "(file not found, invalid command-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to\n"
               "indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency\n"
               "error (e.g., bug) which caused lziprecover to panic.\n"
               "\nReport bugs to lzip-bug@nongnu.org\n"
@ -207,15 +207,15 @@ const char * bad_version( const unsigned version )
 const char * format_ds( const unsigned dictionary_size )
  {
-  enum { bufsize = 16, factor = 1024 };
+  enum { bufsize = 16, factor = 1024, n = 3 };
  static char buf[bufsize];
-  const char * const prefix[3] = { "Ki", "Mi", "Gi" };
+  const char * const prefix[n] = { "Ki", "Mi", "Gi" };
  const char * p = "";
  const char * np = "  ";
  unsigned num = dictionary_size;
  bool exact = ( num % factor == 0 );
-  for( int i = 0; i < 3 && ( num > 9999 || ( exact && num >= factor ) ); ++i )
+  for( int i = 0; i < n && ( num > 9999 || ( exact && num >= factor ) ); ++i )
    { num /= factor; if( num % factor != 0 ) exact = false;
      p = prefix[i]; np = ""; }
  snprintf( buf, bufsize, "%s%4u %sB", np, num, p );
@ -280,7 +280,6 @@ next:
 namespace {
 // Recognized formats: <digit> 'a' m[<match_length>]
 //
 int parse_lzip_level( const char * const arg, const char * const option_name )
  {
  if( *arg == 'a' || std::isdigit( *(const unsigned char *)arg ) ) return *arg;
@ -408,7 +407,7 @@ void set_d_outname( const std::string & name, const int eindex )
    }
  output_filename = name; output_filename += ".out";
  if( verbosity >= 1 )
-    std::fprintf( stderr, "%s: Can't guess original name for '%s' -- using '%s'\n",
+    std::fprintf( stderr, "%s: %s: Can't guess original name -- using '%s'\n",
                  program_name, name.c_str(), output_filename.c_str() );
  }
@ -430,9 +429,9 @@ int open_instream( const char * const name, struct stat * const in_statsp,
    if( i != 0 || ( !S_ISREG( mode ) && ( !can_read || one_to_one ) ) )
      {
      if( verbosity >= 0 )
-        std::fprintf( stderr, "%s: Input file '%s' is not a regular file%s.\n",
+        std::fprintf( stderr, "%s: %s: Input file is not a regular file%s.\n",
                      program_name, name, ( can_read && one_to_one ) ?
-                      ",\n             and neither '-c' nor '-o' were specified" : "" );
+                      ",\n  and neither '-c' nor '-o' were specified" : "" );
      close( infd );
      infd = -1;
      }
@ -457,9 +456,41 @@ int open_truncable_stream( const char * const name,
  return fd;
  }
 namespace {
 bool make_dirs( const std::string & name )
  {
  int i = name.size();
  while( i > 0 && name[i-1] != '/' ) --i;	// remove last component
  while( i > 0 && name[i-1] == '/' ) --i;	// remove slash(es)
  const int dirsize = i;	// size of dirname without trailing slash(es)
  for( i = 0; i < dirsize; )	// if dirsize == 0, dirname is '/' or empty
    {
    while( i < dirsize && name[i] == '/' ) ++i;
    const int first = i;
    while( i < dirsize && name[i] != '/' ) ++i;
    if( first < i )
      {
      const std::string partial( name, 0, i );
      const mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
      struct stat st;
      if( stat( partial.c_str(), &st ) == 0 )
        { if( !S_ISDIR( st.st_mode ) ) { errno = ENOTDIR; return false; } }
      else if( mkdir( partial.c_str(), mode ) != 0 && errno != EEXIST )
        return false;		// if EEXIST, another process created the dir
      }
    }
  return true;
  }
 const char * const force_msg =
  "Output file already exists. Use '--force' to overwrite it.";
 } // end namespace
 bool open_outstream( const bool force, const bool protect,
-                     const bool rw, const bool skipping )
+                     const bool rw, const bool skipping, const bool to_file )
  {
  const mode_t usr_rw = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
  const mode_t all_rw = usr_rw | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH;
@ -467,19 +498,21 @@ bool open_outstream( const bool force, const bool protect,
  int flags = O_CREAT | ( rw ? O_RDWR : O_WRONLY ) | O_BINARY;
  if( force ) flags |= O_TRUNC; else flags |= O_EXCL;
-  outfd = open( output_filename.c_str(), flags, outfd_mode );
+  outfd = -1;
-  if( outfd >= 0 ) delete_output_on_interrupt = true;
+  if( output_filename.size() &&
-  else if( verbosity >= 0 )
+      output_filename[output_filename.size()-1] == '/' ) errno = EISDIR;
-    {
+  else {
    if( ( !protect || to_file ) && !make_dirs( output_filename ) )
      { show_file_error( output_filename.c_str(),
          "Error creating intermediate directory", errno ); return false; }
    outfd = open( output_filename.c_str(), flags, outfd_mode );
    if( outfd >= 0 ) { delete_output_on_interrupt = true; return true; }
    if( errno == EEXIST )
-      std::fprintf( stderr, "%s: Output file '%s' already exists%s.\n",
+      { show_file_error( output_filename.c_str(), skipping ?
-                    program_name, output_filename.c_str(), skipping ?
+        "Output file already exists, skipping." : force_msg ); return false; }
                    ", skipping" : ". Use '--force' to overwrite it" );
    else
      std::fprintf( stderr, "%s: Can't create output file '%s': %s\n",
                    program_name, output_filename.c_str(), std::strerror( errno ) );
    }
-  return ( outfd >= 0 );
+  show_file_error( output_filename.c_str(), "Can't create output file", errno );
  return false;
  }
@ -487,13 +520,7 @@ bool output_file_exists()
  {
  struct stat st;
  if( stat( output_filename.c_str(), &st ) == 0 )
-    {
+    { show_file_error( output_filename.c_str(), force_msg ); return true; }
    if( verbosity >= 0 )
      std::fprintf( stderr, "%s: Output file '%s' already exists."
                            " Use '--force' to overwrite it.\n",
                    program_name, output_filename.c_str() );
    return true;
    }
  return false;
  }
@ -512,12 +539,11 @@ void cleanup_and_fail( const int retval )
  if( delete_output_on_interrupt )
    {
    delete_output_on_interrupt = false;
-    if( verbosity >= 0 )
+    show_file_error( output_filename.c_str(),
-      std::fprintf( stderr, "%s: Deleting output file '%s', if it exists.\n",
+                     "Deleting output file, if it exists." );
                    program_name, output_filename.c_str() );
    if( outfd >= 0 ) { close( outfd ); outfd = -1; }
    if( std::remove( output_filename.c_str() ) != 0 && errno != ENOENT )
-      show_error( "WARNING: deletion of output file (apparently) failed." );
+      show_error( "warning: deletion of output file failed", errno );
    }
  std::exit( retval );
  }
@ -565,7 +591,7 @@ void close_and_set_permissions( const struct stat * const in_statsp )
  if( in_statsp )
    {
    const mode_t mode = in_statsp->st_mode;
-    // fchown will in many cases return with EPERM, which can be safely ignored.
+    // fchown in many cases returns with EPERM, which can be safely ignored.
    if( fchown( outfd, in_statsp->st_uid, in_statsp->st_gid ) == 0 )
      { if( fchmod( outfd, mode ) != 0 ) warning = true; }
    else
@ -574,10 +600,8 @@ void close_and_set_permissions( const struct stat * const in_statsp )
        warning = true;
    }
  if( close( outfd ) != 0 )
-    {
+    { show_file_error( output_filename.c_str(), "Error closing output file",
-    show_error( "Error closing output file", errno );
+                       errno ); cleanup_and_fail( 1 ); }
    cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
    }
  outfd = -1;
  delete_output_on_interrupt = false;
  if( in_statsp )
@ -588,7 +612,8 @@ void close_and_set_permissions( const struct stat * const in_statsp )
    if( utime( output_filename.c_str(), &t ) != 0 ) warning = true;
    }
  if( warning && verbosity >= 1 )
-    show_error( "Can't change output file attributes." );
+    show_file_error( output_filename.c_str(),
                     "warning: can't change output file attributes", errno );
  }
@ -622,7 +647,7 @@ bool show_trailing_data( const uint8_t * const data, const int size,
    pp( msg.c_str() );
    if( ignore_trailing == 0 ) show_file_error( pp.name(), trailing_msg );
    }
-  return ( ignore_trailing > 0 );
+  return ignore_trailing > 0;
  }
@ -640,7 +665,7 @@ int decompress( const unsigned long long cfile_size, const int infd,
    rdec.reset_member_position();
    const int size = rdec.read_header_carefully( header, cl_opts.ignore_errors );
    if( rdec.finished() ||			// End Of File
-        ( size < Lzip_header::size && !rdec.find_header( header ) ) )
+        ( size < header.size && !rdec.find_header( header ) ) )
      {
      if( first_member )
        { show_file_error( pp.name(), "File ends unexpectedly at member header." );
@ -675,8 +700,7 @@ int decompress( const unsigned long long cfile_size, const int infd,
    LZ_decoder decoder( rdec, dictionary_size, outfd );
    show_dprogress( cfile_size, partial_file_pos, &rdec, &pp );	// init
-    const int result =
+    const int result = decoder.decode_member( cl_opts, pp );
      decoder.decode_member( pp, cl_opts.ignore_empty, cl_opts.ignore_marking );
    partial_file_pos += rdec.member_position();
    if( result != 0 )
      {
@ -705,14 +729,13 @@ int decompress( const unsigned long long cfile_size, const int infd,
 void set_signal_handler() { set_signals( signal_handler ); }
-int close_outstream( const struct stat * const in_statsp )
+bool close_outstream( const struct stat * const in_statsp )
  {
-  if( delete_output_on_interrupt )
+  if( delete_output_on_interrupt ) close_and_set_permissions( in_statsp );
    close_and_set_permissions( in_statsp );
  if( outfd >= 0 && close( outfd ) != 0 )
-    { show_error( "Error closing stdout", errno ); return 1; }
+    { show_error( "Error closing stdout", errno ); return false; }
  outfd = -1;
-  return 0;
+  return true;
  }
@ -783,7 +806,7 @@ int main( const int argc, const char * const argv[] )
 				// '0'..'9' = level, 'a' = all levels
 				// -5..-273 = match length, -1 = all lengths
  int repeated_byte = -1;	// 0 to 255, or -1 for all values
-  Cl_options cl_opts;		// command line options
+  Cl_options cl_opts;		// command-line options
  bool force = false;
  bool keep_input_files = false;
  bool to_stdout = false;
@ -825,14 +848,14 @@ int main( const int argc, const char * const argv[] )
    { opt_cm,  "clear-marking",  Arg_parser::no  },
    { opt_du,  "dump",           Arg_parser::yes },
    { opt_eer, "empty-error",    Arg_parser::no  },
    { opt_mer, "marking-error",  Arg_parser::no  },
    { opt_lt,  "loose-trailing", Arg_parser::no  },
    { opt_lzl, "lzip-level",     Arg_parser::yes },
    { opt_lzn, "lzip-name",      Arg_parser::yes },
    { opt_mer, "marking-error",  Arg_parser::no  },
    { opt_ref, "reference-file", Arg_parser::yes },
    { opt_rem, "remove",         Arg_parser::yes },
    { opt_st,  "strip",          Arg_parser::yes },
-    {  0 , 0,                    Arg_parser::no  } };
+    {  0, 0,                     Arg_parser::no  } };
  const Arg_parser parser( argc, argv, options );
  if( parser.error().size() )				// bad option
@ -898,7 +921,7 @@ int main( const int argc, const char * const argv[] )
                    member_list.parse_ml( arg, pn, cl_opts ); break;
      case opt_st: set_mode( program_mode, m_strip );
                   member_list.parse_ml( arg, pn, cl_opts ); break;
-      default : internal_error( "uncaught option." );
+      default: internal_error( "uncaught option." );
      }
    } // end process options
@ -1020,11 +1043,11 @@ int main( const int argc, const char * const argv[] )
  int retval = 0;
  const bool one_to_one = !to_stdout && program_mode != m_test && !to_file;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  struct stat in_stats;
  for( unsigned i = 0; i < filenames.size(); ++i )
    {
    std::string input_filename;
    int infd;
    struct stat in_stats;
    pp.set_name( filenames[i] );
    if( filenames[i] == "-" )
@ -1087,7 +1110,9 @@ int main( const int argc, const char * const argv[] )
        ( program_mode != m_decompress || !cl_opts.ignore_errors ) )
      std::remove( input_filename.c_str() );
    }
-  if( delete_output_on_interrupt ) close_and_set_permissions( 0 );	// -o
+  if( delete_output_on_interrupt )					// -o
    close_and_set_permissions( ( retval == 0 && !stdin_used &&
      filenames_given && filenames.size() == 1 ) ? &in_stats : 0 );
  else if( outfd >= 0 && close( outfd ) != 0 )				// -c
    {
    show_error( "Error closing stdout", errno );
--- a/main_common.cc
+++ b/main_common.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 namespace {
-const char * const program_year = "2023";
+const char * const program_year = "2024";
 void show_version()
  {
@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ void show_version()
 // separate numbers of 5 or more digits in groups of 3 digits using '_'
 const char * format_num3( long long num )
  {
-  const char * const si_prefix = "kMGTPEZY";
+  enum { buffers = 8, bufsize = 4 * sizeof num, n = 10 };
-  const char * const binary_prefix = "KMGTPEZY";
+  const char * const si_prefix = "kMGTPEZYRQ";
-  enum { buffers = 8, bufsize = 4 * sizeof num };
+  const char * const binary_prefix = "KMGTPEZYRQ";
  static char buffer[buffers][bufsize];	// circle of static buffers for printf
  static int current = 0;
@ -42,19 +42,22 @@ const char * format_num3( long long num )
  char * p = buf + bufsize - 1;		// fill the buffer backwards
  *p = 0;	// terminator
  const bool negative = num < 0;
-  char prefix = 0;			// try binary first, then si
+  if( num > 1024 || num < -1024 )
-  for( int i = 0; i < 8 && num != 0 && ( num / 1024 ) * 1024 == num; ++i )
+    {
-    { num /= 1024; prefix = binary_prefix[i]; }
+    char prefix = 0;			// try binary first, then si
-  if( prefix ) *(--p) = 'i';
+    for( int i = 0; i < n && num != 0 && num % 1024 == 0; ++i )
-  else
+      { num /= 1024; prefix = binary_prefix[i]; }
-    for( int i = 0; i < 8 && num != 0 && ( num / 1000 ) * 1000 == num; ++i )
+    if( prefix ) *(--p) = 'i';
-      { num /= 1000; prefix = si_prefix[i]; }
+    else
-  if( prefix ) *(--p) = prefix;
+      for( int i = 0; i < n && num != 0 && num % 1000 == 0; ++i )
        { num /= 1000; prefix = si_prefix[i]; }
    if( prefix ) *(--p) = prefix;
    }
  const bool split = num >= 10000 || num <= -10000;
  for( int i = 0; ; )
    {
-    long long onum = num; num /= 10;
+    const long long onum = num; num /= 10;
    *(--p) = llabs( onum - ( 10 * num ) ) + '0'; if( num == 0 ) break;
    if( split && ++i >= 3 ) { i = 0; *(--p) = '_'; }
    }
@ -72,8 +75,7 @@ void show_option_error( const char * const arg, const char * const msg,
  }
-// Recognized formats: <num>[YZEPTGM][i][Bs], <num>k[Bs], <num>Ki[Bs]
+// Recognized formats: <num>k[Bs], <num>Ki[Bs], <num>[MGTPEZYRQ][i][Bs]
 //
 long long getnum( const char * const arg, const char * const option_name,
                  const int hardbs, const long long llimit = LLONG_MIN,
                  const long long ulimit = LLONG_MAX,
@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ long long getnum( const char * const arg, const char * const option_name,
      case 'k': if( tail[0] != 'i' ) exponent = 1; break;
      case 'B':
      case 's': usuf = *p; exponent = 0; break;
-      default : if( tailp ) { tail = p; exponent = 0; }
+      default: if( tailp ) { tail = p; exponent = 0; }
      }
    if( exponent > 1 && tail[0] == 'i' ) { ++tail; factor = 1024; }
    if( exponent > 0 && usuf == 0 && ( tail[0] == 'B' || tail[0] == 's' ) )
--- a/md5.cc
+++ b/md5.cc
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Functions to compute MD5 message digest of memory blocks according to the
   definition of MD5 in RFC 1321 from April 1992.
-   Copyright (C) 2020-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2020-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This library is free software. Redistribution and use in source and
   binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
--- a/md5.h
+++ b/md5.h
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Functions to compute MD5 message digest of memory blocks according to the
   definition of MD5 in RFC 1321 from April 1992.
-   Copyright (C) 2020-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2020-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This library is free software. Redistribution and use in source and
   binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
--- a/merge.cc
+++ b/merge.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ int test_member_from_file( const int infd, const unsigned long long msize,
  {
  Range_decoder rdec( infd );
  Lzip_header header;
-  rdec.read_data( header.data, Lzip_header::size );
+  rdec.read_data( header.data, header.size );
  const unsigned dictionary_size = header.dictionary_size();
  bool done = false;
  if( !rdec.finished() && header.check_magic() &&
@ -558,8 +558,7 @@ int test_member_from_file( const int infd, const unsigned long long msize,
    LZ_decoder decoder( rdec, dictionary_size, -1 );
    const int saved_verbosity = verbosity;
    verbosity = -1;				// suppress all messages
-    Pretty_print dummy_pp( "" );
+    done = decoder.decode_member() == 0;
    done = ( decoder.decode_member( dummy_pp ) == 0 );
    verbosity = saved_verbosity;		// restore verbosity level
    if( done && rdec.member_position() == msize ) return 0;
    }
@ -582,10 +581,11 @@ int merge_files( const std::vector< std::string > & filenames,
  if( retval >= 0 ) return retval;
  if( !safe_seek( infd_vector[0], 0, filenames[0].c_str() ) ) return 1;
-  output_filename = default_output_filename.empty() ?
+  const bool to_file = default_output_filename.size();
-                    insert_fixed( filenames[0] ) : default_output_filename;
+  output_filename =
    to_file ? default_output_filename : insert_fixed( filenames[0] );
  set_signal_handler();
-  if( !open_outstream( force, true, true, false ) ) return 1;
+  if( !open_outstream( force, true, true, false, to_file ) ) return 1;
  if( !copy_file( infd_vector[0], outfd ) )		// copy whole file
    cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ int merge_files( const std::vector< std::string > & filenames,
      }
    }
-  if( close_outstream( &in_stats ) != 0 ) return 1;
+  if( !close_outstream( &in_stats ) ) return 1;
  if( verbosity >= 1 )
    std::fputs( "Input files merged successfully.\n", stdout );
  return 0;
--- a/mtester.cc
+++ b/mtester.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -102,8 +102,6 @@ bool LZ_mtester::check_trailer( FILE * const f, unsigned long long byte_pos )
        std::fputs( "Can't get trailer.\n", f ); }
    return false;
    }
  const unsigned long long data_size = data_position();
  const unsigned long member_size = rdec.member_position();
  bool error = false;
  const unsigned td_crc = trailer->data_crc();
@ -116,6 +114,7 @@ bool LZ_mtester::check_trailer( FILE * const f, unsigned long long byte_pos )
        std::fprintf( f, "CRC mismatch; stored %08X, computed %08X\n",
                      td_crc, crc() ); }
    }
  const unsigned long long data_size = data_position();
  const unsigned long long td_size = trailer->data_size();
  if( td_size != data_size )
    {
@ -126,6 +125,7 @@ bool LZ_mtester::check_trailer( FILE * const f, unsigned long long byte_pos )
        std::fprintf( f, "Data size mismatch; stored %llu (0x%llX), computed %llu (0x%llX)\n",
                      td_size, td_size, data_size, data_size ); }
    }
  const unsigned long member_size = rdec.member_position();
  const unsigned long long tm_size = trailer->member_size();
  if( tm_size != member_size )
    {
@ -350,9 +350,7 @@ int LZ_mtester::debug_decode_member( const long long dpos, const long long mpos,
              return 3;
              }
            if( len == min_match_len + 1 )	// Sync Flush marker
-              {
+              { rdec.load(); continue; }
              rdec.load(); continue;
              }
            return 4;
            }
          }
--- a/mtester.h
+++ b/mtester.h
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
--- a/nrep_stats.cc
+++ b/nrep_stats.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
--- a/range_dec.cc
+++ b/range_dec.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -35,14 +35,13 @@
 namespace {
-bool decompress_member( const int infd, const Pretty_print & pp,
+bool decompress_member( const int infd, const Cl_options & cl_opts,
-                        const unsigned long long mpos,
+          const Pretty_print & pp, const unsigned long long mpos,
-                        const unsigned long long outskip,
+          const unsigned long long outskip, const unsigned long long outend )
                        const unsigned long long outend )
  {
  Range_decoder rdec( infd );
  Lzip_header header;
-  rdec.read_data( header.data, Lzip_header::size );
+  rdec.read_data( header.data, header.size );
  if( rdec.finished() )			// End Of File
    { pp( "File ends unexpectedly at member header." ); return false; }
  if( !header.check_magic() ) { pp( bad_magic_msg ); return false; }
@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ bool decompress_member( const int infd, const Pretty_print & pp,
  if( verbosity >= 2 ) pp();
  LZ_decoder decoder( rdec, dictionary_size, outfd, outskip, outend );
-  const int result = decoder.decode_member( pp );
+  const int result = decoder.decode_member( cl_opts, pp );
  if( result != 0 )
    {
    if( verbosity >= 0 && result <= 2 )
@ -86,23 +85,23 @@ const char * format_num( unsigned long long num,
                         unsigned long long limit,
                         const int set_prefix )
  {
-  const char * const si_prefix[8] =
+  enum { buffers = 8, bufsize = 32, n = 10 };
-    { "k", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z", "Y" };
+  const char * const si_prefix[n] =
-  const char * const binary_prefix[8] =
+    { "k", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z", "Y", "R", "Q" };
-    { "Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti", "Pi", "Ei", "Zi", "Yi" };
+  const char * const binary_prefix[n] =
-  enum { buffers = 8, bufsize = 32 };
+    { "Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti", "Pi", "Ei", "Zi", "Yi", "Ri", "Qi" };
  static char buffer[buffers][bufsize];	// circle of static buffers for printf
  static int current = 0;
  static bool si = true;
  if( set_prefix ) si = ( set_prefix > 0 );
  unsigned long long den = 1;
-  const unsigned factor = ( si ? 1000 : 1024 );
+  const unsigned factor = si ? 1000 : 1024;
  char * const buf = buffer[current++]; current %= buffers;
-  const char * const * prefix = ( si ? si_prefix : binary_prefix );
+  const char * const * prefix = si ? si_prefix : binary_prefix;
  const char * p = "";
-  for( int i = 0; i < 8 && num / den >= factor && den * factor > den; ++i )
+  for( int i = 0; i < n && num / den >= factor && den * factor > den; ++i )
    { if( num / den <= limit && num % ( den * factor ) != 0 ) break;
      den *= factor; p = prefix[i]; }
  if( num % den == 0 )
@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ int range_decompress( const std::string & input_filename,
    {
    output_filename = default_output_filename;
    set_signal_handler();
-    if( !open_outstream( force, true, false, false ) ) return 1;
+    if( !open_outstream( force, true, false, false, true ) ) return 1;
    }
  if( verbosity >= 1 )
@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ int range_decompress( const std::string & input_filename,
      const long long outend = std::min( db.size(), range.end() - db.pos() );
      const long long mpos = lzip_index.mblock( i ).pos();
      if( !safe_seek( infd, mpos, filename ) ) cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
-      if( !decompress_member( infd, pp, mpos, outskip, outend ) )
+      if( !decompress_member( infd, cl_opts, pp, mpos, outskip, outend ) )
        { if( cl_opts.ignore_errors ) error = true; else cleanup_and_fail( 2 ); }
      pp.reset();
      }
@ -180,7 +179,7 @@ int range_decompress( const std::string & input_filename,
  if( close( infd ) != 0 )
    { show_file_error( filename, "Error closing input file", errno );
      cleanup_and_fail( 1 ); }
-  if( close_outstream( &in_stats ) != 0 ) cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
+  if( !close_outstream( &in_stats ) ) cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
  if( verbosity >= 2 && !error )
    std::fputs( "Byte range decompressed successfully.\n", stderr );
  return 0;				// either no error or ignored
--- a/reproduce.cc
+++ b/reproduce.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -532,8 +532,9 @@ int reproduce_file( const std::string & input_filename,
    { show_file_error( filename, lzip_index.error().c_str() );
      return lzip_index.retval(); }
-  output_filename = default_output_filename.empty() ?
+  const bool to_file = default_output_filename.size();
-                    insert_fixed( input_filename ) : default_output_filename;
+  output_filename =
    to_file ? default_output_filename : insert_fixed( input_filename );
  if( !force && output_file_exists() ) return 1;
  outfd = -1;
  int errors = 0;
@ -593,7 +594,7 @@ int reproduce_file( const std::string & input_filename,
        {
        if( !safe_seek( infd, 0, filename ) ) return 1;
        set_signal_handler();
-        if( !open_outstream( true, true ) ) return 1;
+        if( !open_outstream( true, true, false, true, to_file ) ) return 1;
        if( !copy_file( infd, outfd ) )		// copy whole file
          cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
        }
@ -619,7 +620,7 @@ int reproduce_file( const std::string & input_filename,
                   filename );
    return 0;
    }
-  if( close_outstream( &in_stats ) != 0 ) return 1;
+  if( !close_outstream( &in_stats ) ) return 1;
  if( verbosity >= 0 )
    {
    if( errors > 1 )
--- a/split.cc
+++ b/split.cc
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Lziprecover - Data recovery tool for the lzip format
-   Copyright (C) 2009-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2009-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -34,16 +34,17 @@
 namespace {
-void first_filename( const std::string & input_filename,
+bool first_filename( const std::string & input_filename,
                     const std::string & default_output_filename,
                     const int max_digits )
  {
-  output_filename = default_output_filename.empty() ?
+  const bool to_file = default_output_filename.size();
-                    input_filename : default_output_filename;
+  output_filename = to_file ? default_output_filename : input_filename;
  int b = output_filename.size();
  while( b > 0 && output_filename[b-1] != '/' ) --b;
  output_filename.insert( b, "rec1" );
  if( max_digits > 1 ) output_filename.insert( b + 3, max_digits - 1, '0' );
  return to_file;
  }
@ -108,7 +109,8 @@ int split_file( const std::string & input_filename,
  if( !safe_seek( infd, 0, filename ) ) return 1;
  int max_digits = 1;
  for( long i = lzip_index.blocks( true ); i >= 10; i /= 10 ) ++max_digits;
-  first_filename( input_filename, default_output_filename, max_digits );
+  bool to_file =			// if true, create intermediate dirs
    first_filename( input_filename, default_output_filename, max_digits );
  long long stream_pos = 0;		// first pos not yet written to file
  set_signal_handler();
@ -117,26 +119,23 @@ int split_file( const std::string & input_filename,
    const Block & mb = lzip_index.mblock( i );
    if( mb.pos() > stream_pos )					// gap
      {
-      if( !open_outstream( force, true, false, false ) ) return 1;
+      if( !open_outstream( force, true, false, false, to_file ) ) return 1;
      if( !copy_file( infd, outfd, mb.pos() - stream_pos ) ||
-          close_outstream( &in_stats ) != 0 )
+          !close_outstream( &in_stats ) ) cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
-        cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
+      next_filename( max_digits ); to_file = false;
      next_filename( max_digits );
      }
-    if( !open_outstream( force, true, false, false ) ) return 1;  // member
+    if( !open_outstream( force, true, false, false, to_file ) ) return 1;  // member
    if( !copy_file( infd, outfd, mb.size() ) ||
-        close_outstream( &in_stats ) != 0 )
+        !close_outstream( &in_stats ) ) cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
-      cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
+    next_filename( max_digits ); to_file = false;
    next_filename( max_digits );
    stream_pos = mb.end();
    }
  if( lzip_index.file_size() > stream_pos )		// trailing data
    {
-    if( !open_outstream( force, true, false, false ) ) return 1;
+    if( !open_outstream( force, true, false, false, to_file ) ) return 1;
    if( !copy_file( infd, outfd, lzip_index.file_size() - stream_pos ) ||
-        close_outstream( &in_stats ) != 0 )
+        !close_outstream( &in_stats ) ) cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
-      cleanup_and_fail( 1 );
+    next_filename( max_digits ); to_file = false;
    next_filename( max_digits );
    }
  close( infd );
  return 0;
--- a/testsuite/check.sh
+++ b/testsuite/check.sh
--- a/unzcrash.cc
+++ b/unzcrash.cc
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* Unzcrash - Tests robustness of decompressors to corrupted data.
   Inspired by unzcrash.c from Julian Seward's bzip2.
-   Copyright (C) 2008-2023 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
+   Copyright (C) 2008-2024 Antonio Diaz Diaz.
   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 */
 /*
   Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems
-   (file not found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
+   (file not found, invalid command-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to
   indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency
   error (e.g., bug) which caused unzcrash to panic.
 */
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ void show_help()
               "A negative position is relative to the end of file.\n"
               "A negative size is relative to the rest of the file.\n"
               "\nExit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems\n"
-               "(file not found, invalid command line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to\n"
+               "(file not found, invalid command-line options, I/O errors, etc), 2 to\n"
               "indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency\n"
               "error (e.g., bug) which caused unzcrash to panic.\n"
               "\nReport bugs to lzip-bug@nongnu.org\n"
@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ int main( const int argc, const char * const argv[] )
      case 'v': if( verbosity < 4 ) ++verbosity; break;
      case 'V': show_version(); return 0;
      case 'z': zcmp_program = arg; break;
-      default : internal_error( "uncaught option." );
+      default: internal_error( "uncaught option." );
      }
    } // end process options