import logging
import re
from typing import Any, Dict, Generic, List, Optional, Set, Type, TypeVar, cast

from pydantic import BaseModel

from openapi_pydantic.compat import (
    DEFS_KEY,
    PYDANTIC_V2,
    JsonSchemaMode,
    models_json_schema,
    v1_schema,
)

from . import Components, OpenAPI, Reference, Schema, schema_validate

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

PydanticType = TypeVar("PydanticType", bound=BaseModel)
ref_prefix = "#/components/schemas/"
ref_template = "#/components/schemas/{model}"


class PydanticSchema(Schema, Generic[PydanticType]):
    """Special `Schema` class to indicate a reference from pydantic class"""

    schema_class: Type[PydanticType]
    """the class that is used for generate the schema"""


def get_mode(
    cls: Type[BaseModel], default: JsonSchemaMode = "validation"
) -> JsonSchemaMode:
    """Get the JSON schema mode for a model class.

    The mode can be either "validation" or "serialization". In validation mode,
    computed fields are dropped and optional fields remain optional. In
    serialization mode, computed and optional fields are required.
    """
    if not hasattr(cls, "model_config"):
        return default
    mode = cls.model_config.get("json_schema_mode", default)
    if mode not in ("validation", "serialization"):
        raise ValueError(f"invalid json_schema_mode: {mode}")
    return cast(JsonSchemaMode, mode)


def construct_open_api_with_schema_class(
    open_api: OpenAPI,
    schema_classes: Optional[List[Type[BaseModel]]] = None,
    scan_for_pydantic_schema_reference: bool = True,
    by_alias: bool = True,
) -> OpenAPI:
    """
    Construct a new OpenAPI object, utilising pydantic classes to produce JSON schemas.

    :param open_api: the base `OpenAPI` object
    :param schema_classes: Pydantic classes that their schema will be used
                           "#/components/schemas" values
    :param scan_for_pydantic_schema_reference: flag to indicate if scanning for
                                               `PydanticSchemaReference` class
                                               is needed for "#/components/schemas"
                                               value updates
    :param by_alias: construct schema by alias (default is True)
    :return: new OpenAPI object with "#/components/schemas" values updated.
             If there is no update in "#/components/schemas" values, the original
             `open_api` will be returned.
    """
    copy_func = getattr(open_api, "model_copy" if PYDANTIC_V2 else "copy")
    new_open_api: OpenAPI = copy_func(deep=True)

    if scan_for_pydantic_schema_reference:
        extracted_schema_classes = _handle_pydantic_schema(new_open_api)
        if schema_classes:
            schema_classes = list({*schema_classes, *extracted_schema_classes})
        else:
            schema_classes = extracted_schema_classes

    if not schema_classes:
        return open_api

    schema_classes.sort(key=lambda x: x.__name__)
    logger.debug("schema_classes: %s", schema_classes)

    # update new_open_api with new #/components/schemas
    if PYDANTIC_V2:
        _key_map, schema_definitions = models_json_schema(
            [(c, get_mode(c)) for c in schema_classes],
            by_alias=by_alias,
            ref_template=ref_template,
        )
    else:
        schema_definitions = v1_schema(
            schema_classes, by_alias=by_alias, ref_prefix=ref_prefix
        )

    if not new_open_api.components:
        new_open_api.components = Components()
    if new_open_api.components.schemas:
        for existing_key in new_open_api.components.schemas:
            if existing_key in schema_definitions[DEFS_KEY]:
                logger.warning(
                    f'"{existing_key}" already exists in {ref_prefix}. '
                    f'The value of "{ref_prefix}{existing_key}" will be overwritten.'
                )
        new_open_api.components.schemas.update(_validate_schemas(schema_definitions))
    else:
        new_open_api.components.schemas = _validate_schemas(schema_definitions)
    return new_open_api


def _validate_schemas(schema_definitions: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Schema]:
    """Convert JSON Schema definitions to parsed OpenAPI objects"""
    # Note: if an error occurs in schema_validate(), it may indicate that
    # the generated JSON schemas are not compatible with the version
    # of OpenAPI this module depends on.
    return {
        key: schema_validate(schema_dict)
        for key, schema_dict in schema_definitions[DEFS_KEY].items()
    }


def _handle_pydantic_schema(open_api: OpenAPI) -> List[Type[BaseModel]]:
    """
    This function traverses the `OpenAPI` object and

    1. Replaces the `PydanticSchema` object with `Reference` object, with correct ref
       value;
    2. Extracts the involved schema class from `PydanticSchema` object.

    **This function will mutate the input `OpenAPI` object.**

    :param open_api: the `OpenAPI` object to be traversed and mutated
    :return: a list of schema classes extracted from `PydanticSchema` objects
    """

    pydantic_types: Set[Type[BaseModel]] = set()

    def _traverse(obj: Any) -> None:
        if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
            fields = getattr(
                obj, "model_fields_set" if PYDANTIC_V2 else "__fields_set__"
            )
            for field in fields:
                child_obj = obj.__getattribute__(field)
                if isinstance(child_obj, PydanticSchema):
                    logger.debug("PydanticSchema found in %s: %s", obj, child_obj)
                    obj.__setattr__(field, _construct_ref_obj(child_obj))
                    pydantic_types.add(child_obj.schema_class)
                else:
                    _traverse(child_obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, list):
            for index, elem in enumerate(obj):
                if isinstance(elem, PydanticSchema):
                    logger.debug(f"PydanticSchema found in list: {elem}")
                    obj[index] = _construct_ref_obj(elem)
                    pydantic_types.add(elem.schema_class)
                else:
                    _traverse(elem)
        elif isinstance(obj, dict):
            for key, value in obj.items():
                if isinstance(value, PydanticSchema):
                    logger.debug(f"PydanticSchema found in dict: {value}")
                    obj[key] = _construct_ref_obj(value)
                    pydantic_types.add(value.schema_class)
                else:
                    _traverse(value)

    _traverse(open_api)
    return list(pydantic_types)


def _construct_ref_obj(pydantic_schema: PydanticSchema[PydanticType]) -> Reference:
    """
    Construct a reference object from the Pydantic schema name

    characters in the schema name that are invalid/problematic
    for JSONschema $ref names will get replaced with underscores.
    Especially needed for Pydantic generic Models with brackets "[]"

    see: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/blob/aee6057378ccfec02126bf9c984a9b6d6b411777/pydantic/json_schema.py#L2031
    """
    ref_name = re.sub(
        r"[^a-zA-Z0-9.\-_]", "_", pydantic_schema.schema_class.__name__
    ).replace(".", "__")
    ref_obj = Reference(**{"$ref": ref_prefix + ref_name})
    logger.debug(f"ref_obj={ref_obj}")
    return ref_obj