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sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import logging
  4import re
  5import typing as t
  6
  7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  9    Dialect,
 10    NormalizationStrategy,
 11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
 12    binary_from_function,
 13    date_add_interval_sql,
 14    datestrtodate_sql,
 15    build_formatted_time,
 16    filter_array_using_unnest,
 17    if_sql,
 18    inline_array_unless_query,
 19    max_or_greatest,
 20    min_or_least,
 21    no_ilike_sql,
 22    build_date_delta_with_interval,
 23    regexp_replace_sql,
 24    rename_func,
 25    timestrtotime_sql,
 26    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 27    unit_to_var,
 28)
 29from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
 30from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 31
 32if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
 33    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
 34
 35logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
 36
 37
 38def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 39    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
 40        return self.values_sql(expression)
 41
 42    structs = []
 43    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 44    for tup in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple):
 45        field_aliases = (
 46            alias.columns
 47            if alias and alias.columns
 48            else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(tup.expressions)))
 49        )
 50        expressions = [
 51            exp.PropertyEQ(this=exp.to_identifier(name), expression=fld)
 52            for name, fld in zip(field_aliases, tup.expressions)
 53        ]
 54        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=expressions))
 55
 56    # Due to `UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY`, it is expected that the table alias be contained in the columns expression
 57    alias_name_only = exp.TableAlias(columns=[alias.this]) if alias else None
 58    return self.unnest_sql(
 59        exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.array(*structs, copy=False)], alias=alias_name_only)
 60    )
 61
 62
 63def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
 64    this = expression.this
 65    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
 66        this = f"{self.sql(this, 'this')} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
 67    else:
 68        this = self.sql(this)
 69    return f"RETURNS {this}"
 70
 71
 72def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
 73    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 74    if expression.kind == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
 75        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
 76
 77        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
 78            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
 79
 80    return self.create_sql(expression)
 81
 82
 83def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 84    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
 85
 86    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
 87    """
 88    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
 89
 90    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
 91        unnest_aliases = {
 92            unnest.alias
 93            for unnest in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Unnest)
 94            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
 95        }
 96        if unnest_aliases:
 97            for column in expression.find_all(exp.Column):
 98                if column.table in unnest_aliases:
 99                    column.set("table", None)
100                elif column.db in unnest_aliases:
101                    column.set("db", None)
102
103    return expression
104
105
106# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
107# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
108# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
109# SELECT y + 1 z
110# FROM x
111# GROUP BY x + 1
112# ORDER by z
113def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
114    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
115        group = expression.args.get("group")
116        order = expression.args.get("order")
117
118        if group and order:
119            aliases = {
120                select.this: select.args["alias"]
121                for select in expression.selects
122                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
123            }
124
125            for grouped in group.expressions:
126                if grouped.is_int:
127                    continue
128                alias = aliases.get(grouped)
129                if alias:
130                    grouped.replace(exp.column(alias))
131
132    return expression
133
134
135def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
136    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
137    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
138        cte_query = expression.this
139
140        if cte_query.is_star:
141            logger.warning(
142                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
143                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
144            )
145            return expression
146
147        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
148        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
149
150        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
151            to_replace = select
152
153            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
154                select = select.this
155
156            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
157            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
158
159    return expression
160
161
162def _build_parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
163    this = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
164    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
165    return this
166
167
168def _build_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.Timestamp:
169    timestamp = exp.Timestamp.from_arg_list(args)
170    timestamp.set("with_tz", True)
171    return timestamp
172
173
174def _build_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
175    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
176    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
177
178
179def _build_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
180    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
181    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
182    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
183
184
185def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
186    return self.sql(
187        exp.Exists(
188            this=exp.select("1")
189            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
190            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
191        )
192    )
193
194
195def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
196    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
197
198
199def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
200    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
201    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
202    unit = unit_to_var(expression)
203    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
204
205
206def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
207    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
208    timestamp = expression.this
209
210    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
211        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", timestamp)
212    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
213        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MILLIS", timestamp)
214    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
215        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MICROS", timestamp)
216
217    unix_seconds = exp.cast(
218        exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT
219    )
220    return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", unix_seconds)
221
222
223def _build_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
224    if len(args) == 1:
225        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
226    if len(args) == 3:
227        return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
228
229    return exp.Anonymous(this="TIME", expressions=args)
230
231
232class BigQuery(Dialect):
233    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
234    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
235    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
236    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
237    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
238
239    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
240    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
241
242    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
243    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
244
245    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
246    TIME_MAPPING = {
247        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
248        "%E*S": "%S.%f",
249        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
250    }
251
252    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
253        "DD": "%d",
254        "MM": "%m",
255        "MON": "%b",
256        "MONTH": "%B",
257        "YYYY": "%Y",
258        "YY": "%y",
259        "HH": "%I",
260        "HH12": "%I",
261        "HH24": "%H",
262        "MI": "%M",
263        "SS": "%S",
264        "SSSSS": "%f",
265        "TZH": "%z",
266    }
267
268    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
269    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
270    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
271
272    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
273        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
274            parent = expression.parent
275            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
276                parent = parent.parent
277
278            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
279            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
280            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
281            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
282            case_sensitive = (
283                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
284                or (
285                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
286                    and parent.db
287                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
288                )
289                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
290            )
291            if not case_sensitive:
292                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
293
294        return expression
295
296    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
297        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
298        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
299        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
300        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
301
302        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
303
304        BYTE_STRINGS = [
305            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
306        ]
307
308        RAW_STRINGS = [
309            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
310        ]
311
312        KEYWORDS = {
313            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
314            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
315            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
316            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
317            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
318            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
319            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
320            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
321            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
322            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
323            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
324            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
325            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
326            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
327            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
328            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
329        }
330        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
331        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
332
333    class Parser(parser.Parser):
334        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
335        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
336        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
337
338        FUNCTIONS = {
339            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
340            "DATE": _build_date,
341            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
342            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
343            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
344                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
345                this=seq_get(args, 0),
346            ),
347            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
348            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
349            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
350            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
351                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
352            ),
353            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
354            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
355                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
356            ),
357            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
358            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
359            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
360                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
361            ),
362            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
363            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
364            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
365                this=seq_get(args, 0),
366                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
367                position=seq_get(args, 2),
368                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
369                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
370            ),
371            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
372            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
373            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
374                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
375                this=seq_get(args, 0),
376                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
377            ),
378            "TIME": _build_time,
379            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
380            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
381            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
382            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
383            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
384            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
385                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
386            ),
387            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
388                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
389            ),
390            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
391            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
392        }
393
394        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
395            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
396            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
397        }
398        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
399
400        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
401            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
402            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
403        }
404
405        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
406            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
407            TokenType.TABLE,
408        }
409
410        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
411            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
412            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
413                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
414            ),
415            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
416        }
417
418        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
419            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
420            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
421        }
422
423        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
424        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
425
426        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
427
428        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
429            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
430            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
431            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
432            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
433        }
434
435        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
436            "OFFSET": (0, False),
437            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
438            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
439            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
440        }
441
442        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
443            this = self._parse_range()
444            self._match_text_seq("DO")
445            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
446
447        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
448            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
449
450            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
451            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
452                table_name = this.name
453                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
454                    text = ""
455                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
456                        self._advance()
457                        text += self._prev.text
458                    table_name += text
459
460                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
461            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
462                table_name = this.name
463
464                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
465                    table_name += self._prev.text
466
467                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
468
469            return this
470
471        def _parse_table_parts(
472            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
473        ) -> exp.Table:
474            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
475                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
476            )
477
478            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
479            if not table.catalog:
480                if table.db:
481                    parts = table.db.split(".")
482                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
483                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
484                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
485                else:
486                    parts = table.name.split(".")
487                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
488                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
489                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
490
491            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
492                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
493                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
494                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
495                )
496
497                if rest and this:
498                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
499
500                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
501                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
502
503            return table
504
505        @t.overload
506        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
507
508        @t.overload
509        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
510
511        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
512            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
513            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
514
515            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
516            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
517            if (
518                array_kv_pair
519                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
520                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
521            ):
522                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
523                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
524
525                json_object.set(
526                    "expressions",
527                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
528                )
529
530            return json_object
531
532        def _parse_bracket(
533            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
534        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
535            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
536
537            if this is bracket:
538                return bracket
539
540            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
541                for expression in bracket.expressions:
542                    name = expression.name.upper()
543
544                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
545                        break
546
547                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
548                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
549                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
550                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
551
552            return bracket
553
554    class Generator(generator.Generator):
555        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
556        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
557        JOIN_HINTS = False
558        QUERY_HINTS = False
559        TABLE_HINTS = False
560        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
561        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
562        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
563        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
564        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
565        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
566        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
567        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
568        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
569        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
570        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
571        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
572        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
573        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
574        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
575
576        TRANSFORMS = {
577            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
578            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
579            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
580            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
581            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
582            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
583            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
584            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
585            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
586            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
587                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
588                if e.args.get("default")
589                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
590            ),
591            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
592            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
593            exp.Create: _create_sql,
594            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
595            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
596            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
597                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
598            ),
599            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
600            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
601            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
602            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
603            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
604            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
605            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
606                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
607            ),
608            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
609            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
610            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
611            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
612            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
613            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
614            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
615            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
616            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
617            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
618            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
619            exp.Min: min_or_least,
620            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
621            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
622                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
623                e.this,
624                e.expression,
625                e.args.get("position"),
626                e.args.get("occurrence"),
627            ),
628            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
629            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
630            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
631            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
632            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
633                [
634                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
635                    _unqualify_unnest,
636                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
637                    _alias_ordered_group,
638                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
639                ]
640            ),
641            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
642                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
643            ),
644            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
645                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
646            ),
647            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
648            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
649                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
650            ),
651            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
652            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
653            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
654            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
655            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
656            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
657            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
658            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
659            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
660            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
661            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
662            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
663            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
664            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
665            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
666            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
667            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
668        }
669
670        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
671            exp.JSONPathKey,
672            exp.JSONPathRoot,
673            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
674        }
675
676        TYPE_MAPPING = {
677            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
678            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
679            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
680            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
681            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
682            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
683            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
684            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
685            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
686            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
687            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
688            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
689            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
690            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
691            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
692            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
693            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
694            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
695            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
696            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
697            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
698        }
699
700        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
701            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
702            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
703            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
704        }
705
706        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
707        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
708            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
709            "all",
710            "and",
711            "any",
712            "array",
713            "as",
714            "asc",
715            "assert_rows_modified",
716            "at",
717            "between",
718            "by",
719            "case",
720            "cast",
721            "collate",
722            "contains",
723            "create",
724            "cross",
725            "cube",
726            "current",
727            "default",
728            "define",
729            "desc",
730            "distinct",
731            "else",
732            "end",
733            "enum",
734            "escape",
735            "except",
736            "exclude",
737            "exists",
738            "extract",
739            "false",
740            "fetch",
741            "following",
742            "for",
743            "from",
744            "full",
745            "group",
746            "grouping",
747            "groups",
748            "hash",
749            "having",
750            "if",
751            "ignore",
752            "in",
753            "inner",
754            "intersect",
755            "interval",
756            "into",
757            "is",
758            "join",
759            "lateral",
760            "left",
761            "like",
762            "limit",
763            "lookup",
764            "merge",
765            "natural",
766            "new",
767            "no",
768            "not",
769            "null",
770            "nulls",
771            "of",
772            "on",
773            "or",
774            "order",
775            "outer",
776            "over",
777            "partition",
778            "preceding",
779            "proto",
780            "qualify",
781            "range",
782            "recursive",
783            "respect",
784            "right",
785            "rollup",
786            "rows",
787            "select",
788            "set",
789            "some",
790            "struct",
791            "tablesample",
792            "then",
793            "to",
794            "treat",
795            "true",
796            "unbounded",
797            "union",
798            "unnest",
799            "using",
800            "when",
801            "where",
802            "window",
803            "with",
804            "within",
805        }
806
807        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
808            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
809            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
810            #
811            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
812            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
813            #
814            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
815            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
816            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
817                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
818                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
819
820            return super().table_parts(expression)
821
822        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
823            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
824            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
825
826        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
827            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
828            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
829                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
830                    return "NULL"
831
832            return self.binary(expression, "=")
833
834        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
835            parent = expression.parent
836
837            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
838            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
839            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
840                return self.func(
841                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
842                )
843
844            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
845
846        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
847            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
848
849        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
850            this = expression.this
851            expressions = expression.expressions
852
853            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
854                arg = expressions[0]
855                if arg.type is None:
856                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
857
858                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
859
860                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
861                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
862                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
863
864            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
865            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
866
867            if offset == 0:
868                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
869            elif offset == 1:
870                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
871            elif offset is not None:
872                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
873
874            if expression.args.get("safe"):
875                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
876
877            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
878
879        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
880            return self.sql(expression)
881
882        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
883            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
884                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
885            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
886
887        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
888            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
889                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
890            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
891
892        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
893            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
894
895        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
896            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
897                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
898            return super().version_sql(expression)
logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
233class BigQuery(Dialect):
234    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
235    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
236    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
237    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
238    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
239
240    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
241    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
242
243    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
244    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
245
246    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
247    TIME_MAPPING = {
248        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
249        "%E*S": "%S.%f",
250        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
251    }
252
253    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
254        "DD": "%d",
255        "MM": "%m",
256        "MON": "%b",
257        "MONTH": "%B",
258        "YYYY": "%Y",
259        "YY": "%y",
260        "HH": "%I",
261        "HH12": "%I",
262        "HH24": "%H",
263        "MI": "%M",
264        "SS": "%S",
265        "SSSSS": "%f",
266        "TZH": "%z",
267    }
268
269    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
270    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
271    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
272
273    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
274        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
275            parent = expression.parent
276            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
277                parent = parent.parent
278
279            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
280            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
281            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
282            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
283            case_sensitive = (
284                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
285                or (
286                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
287                    and parent.db
288                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
289                )
290                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
291            )
292            if not case_sensitive:
293                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
294
295        return expression
296
297    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
298        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
299        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
300        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
301        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
302
303        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
304
305        BYTE_STRINGS = [
306            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
307        ]
308
309        RAW_STRINGS = [
310            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
311        ]
312
313        KEYWORDS = {
314            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
315            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
316            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
317            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
318            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
319            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
320            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
321            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
322            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
323            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
324            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
325            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
326            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
327            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
328            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
329            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
330        }
331        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
332        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
333
334    class Parser(parser.Parser):
335        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
336        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
337        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
338
339        FUNCTIONS = {
340            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
341            "DATE": _build_date,
342            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
343            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
344            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
345                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
346                this=seq_get(args, 0),
347            ),
348            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
349            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
350            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
351            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
352                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
353            ),
354            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
355            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
356                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
357            ),
358            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
359            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
360            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
361                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
362            ),
363            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
364            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
365            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
366                this=seq_get(args, 0),
367                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
368                position=seq_get(args, 2),
369                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
370                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
371            ),
372            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
373            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
374            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
375                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
376                this=seq_get(args, 0),
377                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
378            ),
379            "TIME": _build_time,
380            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
381            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
382            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
383            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
384            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
385            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
386                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
387            ),
388            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
389                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
390            ),
391            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
392            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
393        }
394
395        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
396            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
397            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
398        }
399        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
400
401        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
402            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
403            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
404        }
405
406        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
407            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
408            TokenType.TABLE,
409        }
410
411        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
412            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
413            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
414                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
415            ),
416            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
417        }
418
419        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
420            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
421            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
422        }
423
424        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
425        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
426
427        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
428
429        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
430            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
431            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
432            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
433            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
434        }
435
436        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
437            "OFFSET": (0, False),
438            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
439            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
440            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
441        }
442
443        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
444            this = self._parse_range()
445            self._match_text_seq("DO")
446            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
447
448        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
449            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
450
451            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
452            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
453                table_name = this.name
454                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
455                    text = ""
456                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
457                        self._advance()
458                        text += self._prev.text
459                    table_name += text
460
461                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
462            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
463                table_name = this.name
464
465                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
466                    table_name += self._prev.text
467
468                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
469
470            return this
471
472        def _parse_table_parts(
473            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
474        ) -> exp.Table:
475            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
476                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
477            )
478
479            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
480            if not table.catalog:
481                if table.db:
482                    parts = table.db.split(".")
483                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
484                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
485                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
486                else:
487                    parts = table.name.split(".")
488                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
489                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
490                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
491
492            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
493                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
494                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
495                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
496                )
497
498                if rest and this:
499                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
500
501                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
502                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
503
504            return table
505
506        @t.overload
507        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
508
509        @t.overload
510        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
511
512        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
513            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
514            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
515
516            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
517            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
518            if (
519                array_kv_pair
520                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
521                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
522            ):
523                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
524                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
525
526                json_object.set(
527                    "expressions",
528                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
529                )
530
531            return json_object
532
533        def _parse_bracket(
534            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
535        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
536            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
537
538            if this is bracket:
539                return bracket
540
541            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
542                for expression in bracket.expressions:
543                    name = expression.name.upper()
544
545                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
546                        break
547
548                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
549                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
550                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
551                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
552
553            return bracket
554
555    class Generator(generator.Generator):
556        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
557        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
558        JOIN_HINTS = False
559        QUERY_HINTS = False
560        TABLE_HINTS = False
561        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
562        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
563        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
564        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
565        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
566        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
567        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
568        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
569        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
570        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
571        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
572        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
573        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
574        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
575        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
576
577        TRANSFORMS = {
578            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
579            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
580            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
581            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
582            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
583            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
584            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
585            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
586            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
587            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
588                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
589                if e.args.get("default")
590                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
591            ),
592            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
593            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
594            exp.Create: _create_sql,
595            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
596            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
597            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
598                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
599            ),
600            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
601            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
602            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
603            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
604            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
605            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
606            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
607                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
608            ),
609            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
610            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
611            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
612            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
613            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
614            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
615            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
616            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
617            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
618            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
619            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
620            exp.Min: min_or_least,
621            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
622            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
623                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
624                e.this,
625                e.expression,
626                e.args.get("position"),
627                e.args.get("occurrence"),
628            ),
629            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
630            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
631            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
632            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
633            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
634                [
635                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
636                    _unqualify_unnest,
637                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
638                    _alias_ordered_group,
639                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
640                ]
641            ),
642            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
643                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
644            ),
645            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
646                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
647            ),
648            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
649            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
650                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
651            ),
652            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
653            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
654            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
655            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
656            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
657            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
658            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
659            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
660            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
661            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
662            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
663            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
664            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
665            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
666            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
667            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
668            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
669        }
670
671        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
672            exp.JSONPathKey,
673            exp.JSONPathRoot,
674            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
675        }
676
677        TYPE_MAPPING = {
678            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
679            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
680            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
681            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
682            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
683            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
684            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
685            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
686            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
687            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
688            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
689            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
690            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
691            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
692            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
693            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
694            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
695            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
696            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
697            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
698            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
699        }
700
701        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
702            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
703            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
704            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
705        }
706
707        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
708        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
709            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
710            "all",
711            "and",
712            "any",
713            "array",
714            "as",
715            "asc",
716            "assert_rows_modified",
717            "at",
718            "between",
719            "by",
720            "case",
721            "cast",
722            "collate",
723            "contains",
724            "create",
725            "cross",
726            "cube",
727            "current",
728            "default",
729            "define",
730            "desc",
731            "distinct",
732            "else",
733            "end",
734            "enum",
735            "escape",
736            "except",
737            "exclude",
738            "exists",
739            "extract",
740            "false",
741            "fetch",
742            "following",
743            "for",
744            "from",
745            "full",
746            "group",
747            "grouping",
748            "groups",
749            "hash",
750            "having",
751            "if",
752            "ignore",
753            "in",
754            "inner",
755            "intersect",
756            "interval",
757            "into",
758            "is",
759            "join",
760            "lateral",
761            "left",
762            "like",
763            "limit",
764            "lookup",
765            "merge",
766            "natural",
767            "new",
768            "no",
769            "not",
770            "null",
771            "nulls",
772            "of",
773            "on",
774            "or",
775            "order",
776            "outer",
777            "over",
778            "partition",
779            "preceding",
780            "proto",
781            "qualify",
782            "range",
783            "recursive",
784            "respect",
785            "right",
786            "rollup",
787            "rows",
788            "select",
789            "set",
790            "some",
791            "struct",
792            "tablesample",
793            "then",
794            "to",
795            "treat",
796            "true",
797            "unbounded",
798            "union",
799            "unnest",
800            "using",
801            "when",
802            "where",
803            "window",
804            "with",
805            "within",
806        }
807
808        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
809            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
810            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
811            #
812            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
813            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
814            #
815            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
816            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
817            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
818                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
819                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
820
821            return super().table_parts(expression)
822
823        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
824            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
825            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
826
827        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
828            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
829            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
830                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
831                    return "NULL"
832
833            return self.binary(expression, "=")
834
835        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
836            parent = expression.parent
837
838            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
839            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
840            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
841                return self.func(
842                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
843                )
844
845            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
846
847        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
848            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
849
850        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
851            this = expression.this
852            expressions = expression.expressions
853
854            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
855                arg = expressions[0]
856                if arg.type is None:
857                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
858
859                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
860
861                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
862                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
863                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
864
865            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
866            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
867
868            if offset == 0:
869                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
870            elif offset == 1:
871                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
872            elif offset is not None:
873                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
874
875            if expression.args.get("safe"):
876                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
877
878            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
879
880        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
881            return self.sql(expression)
882
883        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
884            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
885                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
886            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
887
888        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
889            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
890                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
891            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
892
893        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
894            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
895
896        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
897            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
898                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
899            return super().version_sql(expression)
WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether UNNEST table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

Possible values:

"upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E*S': '%S.%f', '%E6S': '%S.%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy'). If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of TIME_MAPPING.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from SELECT * queries.

def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
273    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
274        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
275            parent = expression.parent
276            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
277                parent = parent.parent
278
279            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
280            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
281            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
282            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
283            case_sensitive = (
284                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
285                or (
286                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
287                    and parent.db
288                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
289                )
290                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
291            )
292            if not case_sensitive:
293                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
294
295        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like FoO would be resolved as foo in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as FOO. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'*': {'S': {0: True}}, '6': {'S': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
297    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
298        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
299        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
300        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
301        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
302
303        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
304
305        BYTE_STRINGS = [
306            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
307        ]
308
309        RAW_STRINGS = [
310            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
311        ]
312
313        KEYWORDS = {
314            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
315            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
316            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
317            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
318            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
319            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
320            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
321            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
322            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
323            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
324            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
325            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
326            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
327            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
328            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
329            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
330        }
331        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
332        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}
class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
334    class Parser(parser.Parser):
335        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
336        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
337        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
338
339        FUNCTIONS = {
340            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
341            "DATE": _build_date,
342            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
343            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
344            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
345                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
346                this=seq_get(args, 0),
347            ),
348            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
349            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
350            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
351            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
352                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
353            ),
354            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
355            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
356                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
357            ),
358            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
359            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
360            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
361                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
362            ),
363            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
364            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
365            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
366                this=seq_get(args, 0),
367                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
368                position=seq_get(args, 2),
369                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
370                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
371            ),
372            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
373            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
374            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
375                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
376                this=seq_get(args, 0),
377                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
378            ),
379            "TIME": _build_time,
380            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
381            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
382            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
383            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
384            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
385            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
386                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
387            ),
388            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
389                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
390            ),
391            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
392            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
393        }
394
395        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
396            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
397            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
398        }
399        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
400
401        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
402            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
403            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
404        }
405
406        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
407            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
408            TokenType.TABLE,
409        }
410
411        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
412            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
413            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
414                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
415            ),
416            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
417        }
418
419        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
420            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
421            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
422        }
423
424        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
425        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
426
427        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
428
429        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
430            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
431            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
432            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
433            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
434        }
435
436        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
437            "OFFSET": (0, False),
438            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
439            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
440            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
441        }
442
443        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
444            this = self._parse_range()
445            self._match_text_seq("DO")
446            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
447
448        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
449            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
450
451            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
452            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
453                table_name = this.name
454                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
455                    text = ""
456                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
457                        self._advance()
458                        text += self._prev.text
459                    table_name += text
460
461                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
462            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
463                table_name = this.name
464
465                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
466                    table_name += self._prev.text
467
468                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
469
470            return this
471
472        def _parse_table_parts(
473            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
474        ) -> exp.Table:
475            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
476                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
477            )
478
479            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
480            if not table.catalog:
481                if table.db:
482                    parts = table.db.split(".")
483                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
484                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
485                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
486                else:
487                    parts = table.name.split(".")
488                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
489                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
490                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
491
492            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
493                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
494                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
495                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
496                )
497
498                if rest and this:
499                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
500
501                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
502                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
503
504            return table
505
506        @t.overload
507        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
508
509        @t.overload
510        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
511
512        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
513            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
514            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
515
516            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
517            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
518            if (
519                array_kv_pair
520                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
521                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
522            ):
523                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
524                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
525
526                json_object.set(
527                    "expressions",
528                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
529                )
530
531            return json_object
532
533        def _parse_bracket(
534            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
535        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
536            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
537
538            if this is bracket:
539                return bracket
540
541            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
542                for expression in bracket.expressions:
543                    name = expression.name.upper()
544
545                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
546                        break
547
548                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
549                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
550                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
551                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
552
553            return bracket

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <function _build_timestamp>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _build_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME': <function _build_time>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ID_VAR_TOKENS
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
STRICT_CAST
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
UNION_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
INTERVAL_SPANS
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
555    class Generator(generator.Generator):
556        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
557        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
558        JOIN_HINTS = False
559        QUERY_HINTS = False
560        TABLE_HINTS = False
561        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
562        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
563        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
564        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
565        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
566        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
567        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
568        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
569        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
570        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
571        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
572        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
573        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
574        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
575        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
576
577        TRANSFORMS = {
578            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
579            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
580            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
581            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
582            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
583            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
584            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
585            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
586            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
587            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
588                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
589                if e.args.get("default")
590                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
591            ),
592            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
593            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
594            exp.Create: _create_sql,
595            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
596            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
597            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
598                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
599            ),
600            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
601            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
602            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
603            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
604            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
605            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
606            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
607                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
608            ),
609            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
610            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
611            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
612            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
613            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
614            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
615            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
616            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
617            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
618            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
619            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
620            exp.Min: min_or_least,
621            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
622            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
623                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
624                e.this,
625                e.expression,
626                e.args.get("position"),
627                e.args.get("occurrence"),
628            ),
629            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
630            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
631            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
632            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
633            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
634                [
635                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
636                    _unqualify_unnest,
637                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
638                    _alias_ordered_group,
639                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
640                ]
641            ),
642            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
643                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
644            ),
645            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
646                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
647            ),
648            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
649            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
650                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
651            ),
652            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
653            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
654            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
655            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
656            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
657            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
658            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
659            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
660            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
661            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
662            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
663            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
664            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
665            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
666            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
667            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
668            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
669        }
670
671        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
672            exp.JSONPathKey,
673            exp.JSONPathRoot,
674            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
675        }
676
677        TYPE_MAPPING = {
678            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
679            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
680            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
681            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
682            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
683            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
684            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
685            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
686            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
687            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
688            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
689            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
690            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
691            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
692            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
693            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
694            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
695            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
696            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
697            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
698            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
699        }
700
701        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
702            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
703            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
704            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
705        }
706
707        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
708        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
709            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
710            "all",
711            "and",
712            "any",
713            "array",
714            "as",
715            "asc",
716            "assert_rows_modified",
717            "at",
718            "between",
719            "by",
720            "case",
721            "cast",
722            "collate",
723            "contains",
724            "create",
725            "cross",
726            "cube",
727            "current",
728            "default",
729            "define",
730            "desc",
731            "distinct",
732            "else",
733            "end",
734            "enum",
735            "escape",
736            "except",
737            "exclude",
738            "exists",
739            "extract",
740            "false",
741            "fetch",
742            "following",
743            "for",
744            "from",
745            "full",
746            "group",
747            "grouping",
748            "groups",
749            "hash",
750            "having",
751            "if",
752            "ignore",
753            "in",
754            "inner",
755            "intersect",
756            "interval",
757            "into",
758            "is",
759            "join",
760            "lateral",
761            "left",
762            "like",
763            "limit",
764            "lookup",
765            "merge",
766            "natural",
767            "new",
768            "no",
769            "not",
770            "null",
771            "nulls",
772            "of",
773            "on",
774            "or",
775            "order",
776            "outer",
777            "over",
778            "partition",
779            "preceding",
780            "proto",
781            "qualify",
782            "range",
783            "recursive",
784            "respect",
785            "right",
786            "rollup",
787            "rows",
788            "select",
789            "set",
790            "some",
791            "struct",
792            "tablesample",
793            "then",
794            "to",
795            "treat",
796            "true",
797            "unbounded",
798            "union",
799            "unnest",
800            "using",
801            "when",
802            "where",
803            "window",
804            "with",
805            "within",
806        }
807
808        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
809            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
810            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
811            #
812            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
813            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
814            #
815            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
816            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
817            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
818                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
819                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
820
821            return super().table_parts(expression)
822
823        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
824            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
825            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
826
827        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
828            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
829            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
830                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
831                    return "NULL"
832
833            return self.binary(expression, "=")
834
835        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
836            parent = expression.parent
837
838            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
839            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
840            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
841                return self.func(
842                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
843                )
844
845            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
846
847        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
848            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
849
850        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
851            this = expression.this
852            expressions = expression.expressions
853
854            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
855                arg = expressions[0]
856                if arg.type is None:
857                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
858
859                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
860
861                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
862                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
863                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
864
865            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
866            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
867
868            if offset == 0:
869                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
870            elif offset == 1:
871                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
872            elif offset is not None:
873                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
874
875            if expression.args.get("safe"):
876                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
877
878            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
879
880        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
881            return self.sql(expression)
882
883        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
884            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
885                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
886            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
887
888        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
889            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
890                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
891            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
892
893        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
894            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
895
896        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
897            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
898                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
899            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '@'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_unless_query>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Commit'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rollback'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transaction'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'full', 'no', 'end', 'where', 'inner', 'to', 'lookup', 'else', 'qualify', 'some', 'hash', 'having', 'or', 'any', 'case', 'desc', 'current', 'true', 'exists', 'intersect', 'new', 'rollup', 'all', 'respect', 'rows', 'and', 'escape', 'ignore', 'in', 'natural', 'is', 'using', 'right', 'of', 'asc', 'order', 'like', 'as', 'limit', 'for', 'treat', 'with', 'cube', 'tablesample', 'outer', 'merge', 'from', 'cross', 'null', 'within', 'lateral', 'set', 'grouping', 'collate', 'unnest', 'assert_rows_modified', 'array', 'by', 'contains', 'left', 'not', 'exclude', 'unbounded', 'groups', 'union', 'partition', 'cast', 'on', 'define', 'join', 'group', 'false', 'enum', 'when', 'between', 'interval', 'nulls', 'struct', 'at', 'select', 'distinct', 'extract', 'recursive', 'over', 'window', 'create', 'into', 'default', 'then', 'except', 'range', 'if', 'proto', 'following', 'fetch', 'preceding'}
def table_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Table) -> str:
808        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
809            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
810            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
811            #
812            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
813            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
814            #
815            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
816            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
817            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
818                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
819                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
820
821            return super().table_parts(expression)
def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str:
823        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
824            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
825            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str:
827        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
828            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
829            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
830                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
831                    return "NULL"
832
833            return self.binary(expression, "=")
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str:
835        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
836            parent = expression.parent
837
838            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
839            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
840            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
841                return self.func(
842                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
843                )
844
845            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
847        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
848            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
850        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
851            this = expression.this
852            expressions = expression.expressions
853
854            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
855                arg = expressions[0]
856                if arg.type is None:
857                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
858
859                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
860
861                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
862                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
863                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
864
865            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
866            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
867
868            if offset == 0:
869                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
870            elif offset == 1:
871                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
872            elif offset is not None:
873                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
874
875            if expression.args.get("safe"):
876                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
877
878            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
880        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
881            return self.sql(expression)
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
883        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
884            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
885                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
886            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
888        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
889            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
890                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
891            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
893        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
894            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str:
896        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
897            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
898                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
899            return super().version_sql(expression)
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
SELECT_KINDS
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
dialect
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
preprocess
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
computedcolumnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
transformcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
sequenceproperties_sql
clone_sql
describe_sql
heredoc_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
cte_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
unicodestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypeparam_sql
datatype_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
indexparameters_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
locate_properties
property_name
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
partitionboundspec_sql
partitionedofproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
withsystemversioningproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
introducer_sql
kill_sql
pseudotype_sql
objectidentifier_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
historicaldata_sql
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
values_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
connect_sql
prior_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_op
lateral_sql
limit_sql
offset_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
loaddata_sql
null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
withfill_sql
cluster_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognizemeasure_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
queryoption_sql
offset_limit_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
set_operations
union_sql
union_op
unnest_sql
prewhere_sql
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
bracket_offset_expressions
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
convert_concat_args
concat_sql
concatws_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
jsonpath_sql
json_path_part
formatjson_sql
jsonobject_sql
jsonobjectagg_sql
jsonarray_sql
jsonarrayagg_sql
jsoncolumndef_sql
jsonschema_sql
jsontable_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
pivotalias_sql
aliases_sql
atindex_sql
fromtimezone_sql
add_sql
and_sql
or_sql
xor_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
currenttimestamp_sql
collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
mergetreettlaction_sql
mergetreettl_sql
transaction_sql
commit_sql
rollback_sql
altercolumn_sql
renametable_sql
renamecolumn_sql
altertable_sql
add_column_sql
droppartition_sql
addconstraint_sql
distinct_sql
ignorenulls_sql
respectnulls_sql
havingmax_sql
intdiv_sql
dpipe_sql
div_sql
overlaps_sql
distance_sql
dot_sql
propertyeq_sql
escape_sql
glob_sql
gt_sql
gte_sql
ilike_sql
ilikeany_sql
is_sql
like_sql
likeany_sql
similarto_sql
lt_sql
lte_sql
mod_sql
mul_sql
neq_sql
nullsafeeq_sql
nullsafeneq_sql
slice_sql
sub_sql
log_sql
use_sql
binary
function_fallback_sql
func
format_args
text_width
format_time
expressions
op_expressions
naked_property
tag_sql
token_sql
userdefinedfunction_sql
joinhint_sql
kwarg_sql
when_sql
merge_sql
tochar_sql
tonumber_sql
dictproperty_sql
dictrange_sql
dictsubproperty_sql
oncluster_sql
clusteredbyproperty_sql
anyvalue_sql
querytransform_sql
indexconstraintoption_sql
checkcolumnconstraint_sql
indexcolumnconstraint_sql
nvl2_sql
comprehension_sql
columnprefix_sql
opclass_sql
predict_sql
forin_sql
refresh_sql
operator_sql
toarray_sql
tsordstotime_sql
tsordstotimestamp_sql
tsordstodate_sql
unixdate_sql
lastday_sql
dateadd_sql
arrayany_sql
generateseries_sql
struct_sql
partitionrange_sql
truncatetable_sql
convert_sql