# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
      12    date_delta_sql,
      13    date_trunc_to_time,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    if_sql,
      17    inline_array_sql,
      18    max_or_greatest,
      19    min_or_least,
      20    rename_func,
      21    timestamptrunc_sql,
      22    timestrtotime_sql,
      23    var_map_sql,
      24    map_date_part,
      25    no_safe_divide_sql,
      26    no_timestamp_sql,
      27    timestampdiff_sql,
      28    no_make_interval_sql,
      29)
      30from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
      31from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      32from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      33
      34if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      35    from sqlglot._typing import E
      36
      37
      38# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      39def _build_datetime(
      40    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      41) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      42    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      43        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      44        scale_or_fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
      45
      46        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      47        int_scale_or_fmt = scale_or_fmt is not None and scale_or_fmt.is_int
      48
      49        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal) or (value and scale_or_fmt):
      50            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      51            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      52                return (
      53                    exp.TryCast(this=value, to=exp.DataType.build(kind))
      54                    if safe
      55                    else exp.cast(value, kind)
      56                )
      57
      58            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      59            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      60            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      61                if not safe and (int_value or int_scale_or_fmt):
      62                    # TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP('integer') is not parsed into exp.UnixToTime as
      63                    # it's not easily transpilable
      64                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=scale_or_fmt)
      65                if not int_scale_or_fmt and not is_float(value.name):
      66                    expr = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      67                    expr.set("safe", safe)
      68                    return expr
      69
      70        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
      71            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
      72            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      73            return formatted_exp
      74
      75        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      76
      77    return _builder
      78
      79
      80def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      81    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      82
      83    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      84        return expression
      85
      86    return exp.Struct(
      87        expressions=[
      88            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      89        ]
      90    )
      91
      92
      93def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      94    return exp.DateDiff(
      95        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      96    )
      97
      98
      99def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     100    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     101        return expr_type(
     102            this=seq_get(args, 2),
     103            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     104            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
     105        )
     106
     107    return _builder
     108
     109
     110# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
     111def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     112    lhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 0), exp.Binary)
     113    rhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 1), exp.Binary)
     114
     115    cond = exp.EQ(this=rhs, expression=exp.Literal.number(0)).and_(
     116        exp.Is(this=lhs, expression=exp.null()).not_()
     117    )
     118    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
     119    false = exp.Div(this=lhs, expression=rhs)
     120    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     121
     122
     123# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     124def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     125    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     126    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     127
     128
     129# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     130def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     131    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     132    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     133
     134
     135def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     136    flag = expression.text("flag")
     137
     138    if "i" not in flag:
     139        flag += "i"
     140
     141    return self.func(
     142        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     143    )
     144
     145
     146def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     147    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     148
     149    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     150        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     151
     152    return regexp_replace
     153
     154
     155def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     156    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     157        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     158
     159    return _parse
     160
     161
     162def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     163    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     164    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     165    return trunc
     166
     167
     168def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     169    """
     170    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     171    so we need to unqualify them.
     172
     173    Example:
     174        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     175        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     176        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     177        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     178    """
     179    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     180        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     181
     182    return expression
     183
     184
     185def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     186    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     187
     188    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     189        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     190            expression.set("expressions", None)
     191        return expression
     192
     193    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     194    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     195        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     196            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     197                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     198                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     199                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     200
     201    return expression
     202
     203
     204def _unnest_generate_date_array(unnest: exp.Unnest) -> None:
     205    generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
     206    start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
     207    end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
     208    step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
     209
     210    if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
     211        return
     212
     213    unit = step.args.get("unit")
     214
     215    unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
     216    if unnest_alias:
     217        unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
     218        sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
     219    else:
     220        sequence_value_name = "value"
     221
     222    # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
     223    date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
     224        [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
     225    ).as_(sequence_value_name)
     226
     227    # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
     228    number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
     229        [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
     230    )
     231
     232    unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
     233    unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
     234
     235
     236def _transform_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     237    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     238        for generate_date_array in expression.find_all(exp.GenerateDateArray):
     239            parent = generate_date_array.parent
     240
     241            # If GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY is used directly as an array (e.g passed into ARRAY_LENGTH), the transformed Snowflake
     242            # query is the following (it'll be unnested properly on the next iteration due to copy):
     243            # SELECT ref(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...)) -> SELECT ref((SELECT ARRAY_AGG(*) FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...))))
     244            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest):
     245                unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[generate_date_array.copy()])
     246                generate_date_array.replace(
     247                    exp.select(exp.ArrayAgg(this=exp.Star())).from_(unnest).subquery()
     248                )
     249
     250            if (
     251                isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest)
     252                and isinstance(parent.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     253                and len(parent.expressions) == 1
     254            ):
     255                _unnest_generate_date_array(parent)
     256
     257    return expression
     258
     259
     260def _build_regexp_extract(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     261    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     262        return expr_type(
     263            this=seq_get(args, 0),
     264            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     265            position=seq_get(args, 2),
     266            occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     267            parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
     268            group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
     269        )
     270
     271    return _builder
     272
     273
     274def _regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract | exp.RegexpExtractAll) -> str:
     275    # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     276    # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     277    group = expression.args.get("group")
     278
     279    # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
     280    # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
     281    if group and group.name == "0":
     282        group = None
     283
     284    parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     285    occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     286    position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     287
     288    return self.func(
     289        "REGEXP_SUBSTR" if isinstance(expression, exp.RegexpExtract) else "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL",
     290        expression.this,
     291        expression.expression,
     292        position,
     293        occurrence,
     294        parameters,
     295        group,
     296    )
     297
     298
     299def _json_extract_value_array_sql(
     300    self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.JSONValueArray | exp.JSONExtractArray
     301) -> str:
     302    json_extract = exp.JSONExtract(this=expression.this, expression=expression.expression)
     303    ident = exp.to_identifier("x")
     304
     305    if isinstance(expression, exp.JSONValueArray):
     306        this: exp.Expression = exp.cast(ident, to=exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
     307    else:
     308        this = exp.ParseJSON(this=f"TO_JSON({ident})")
     309
     310    transform_lambda = exp.Lambda(expressions=[ident], this=this)
     311
     312    return self.func("TRANSFORM", json_extract, transform_lambda)
     313
     314
     315class Snowflake(Dialect):
     316    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     317    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     318    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     319    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     320    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     321    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     322    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     323    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     324    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     325    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     326
     327    TIME_MAPPING = {
     328        "YYYY": "%Y",
     329        "yyyy": "%Y",
     330        "YY": "%y",
     331        "yy": "%y",
     332        "MMMM": "%B",
     333        "mmmm": "%B",
     334        "MON": "%b",
     335        "mon": "%b",
     336        "MM": "%m",
     337        "mm": "%m",
     338        "DD": "%d",
     339        "dd": "%-d",
     340        "DY": "%a",
     341        "dy": "%w",
     342        "HH24": "%H",
     343        "hh24": "%H",
     344        "HH12": "%I",
     345        "hh12": "%I",
     346        "MI": "%M",
     347        "mi": "%M",
     348        "SS": "%S",
     349        "ss": "%S",
     350        "FF": "%f",
     351        "ff": "%f",
     352        "FF6": "%f",
     353        "ff6": "%f",
     354    }
     355
     356    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     357        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     358        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     359        if (
     360            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     361            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     362            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     363        ):
     364            return expression  # type: ignore
     365
     366        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     367
     368    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     369        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     370        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     371        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     372
     373        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     374            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     375            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     376        }
     377
     378        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     379        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     380
     381        FUNCTIONS = {
     382            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     383            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     384            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     385            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     386                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     387            ),
     388            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     389                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     390                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     391                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     392                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     393            ),
     394            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     395            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     396            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     397            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     398            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     399            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     400            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     401            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     402            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     403                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     404            ),
     405            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     406            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     407                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     408            ),
     409            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     410            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     411                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     412            ),
     413            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     414            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     415            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     416            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     417            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     418            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     419            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     420            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     424            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     425            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     426            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     427            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     428            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     429            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     430            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     431            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     432            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     433            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     434            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     435                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     436            ),
     437            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     438            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     439                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     440                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     441                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     442                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     443            ),
     444            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     445            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     446            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     447            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     448            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     449            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     450            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     451        }
     452
     453        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     454            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     455            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     456            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     457        }
     458        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     459
     460        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     461
     462        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     463            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     464            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     465            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     466        }
     467
     468        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     469            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     470            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     471                exp.Set,
     472                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     473                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     474                unset=True,
     475            ),
     476        }
     477
     478        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     479            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     480            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     481        }
     482
     483        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     484            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     485            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     486            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
     487        }
     488
     489        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     490            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     491            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     492        }
     493
     494        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     495            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     496            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     497            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     498            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     499            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     500            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     501            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     502            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     503            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     504            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     505            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     506            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     507            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     508            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     509            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     510            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     511            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     512            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     513            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     514        }
     515
     516        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     517            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     518            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     519            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     520            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     521            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     522        }
     523
     524        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     525            TokenType.DOT,
     526            TokenType.MOD,
     527            TokenType.SLASH,
     528        }
     529
     530        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     531
     532        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     533
     534        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     535
     536        LAMBDAS = {
     537            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     538            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     539                exp.Lambda,
     540                this=self._replace_lambda(
     541                    self._parse_assignment(),
     542                    expressions,
     543                ),
     544                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     545            ),
     546        }
     547
     548        def _negate_range(
     549            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     550        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     551            if not this:
     552                return this
     553
     554            query = this.args.get("query")
     555            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     556                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     557                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     558                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     559                #
     560                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     561                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     562                return self.expression(
     563                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     564                )
     565
     566            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     567
     568        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
     569            return self.expression(
     570                exp.Tags,
     571                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     572            )
     573
     574        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     575            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     576                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     577
     578            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     579                policy = self._parse_column()
     580                return self.expression(
     581                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     582                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     583                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     584                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     585                )
     586            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     587                policy = self._parse_column()
     588                return self.expression(
     589                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     590                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     591                )
     592            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     593                return self._parse_tag()
     594
     595            return None
     596
     597        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
     598            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     599                return self._parse_tag()
     600
     601            return super()._parse_with_property()
     602
     603        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     604            expression = super()._parse_create()
     605            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     606                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     607                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     608
     609            return expression
     610
     611        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     612        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     613        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     614            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     615
     616            if not this:
     617                return None
     618
     619            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     620            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     621            this = map_date_part(this)
     622            name = this.name.upper()
     623
     624            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     625                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     626                    scale = 10**3
     627                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     628                    scale = 10**6
     629                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     630                    scale = 10**9
     631                else:
     632                    scale = None
     633
     634                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     635                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     636
     637                if scale:
     638                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     639
     640                return to_unix
     641
     642            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     643
     644        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     645            if is_map:
     646                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     647                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     648                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     649                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     650
     651            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     652
     653        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     654            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     655            if not lateral:
     656                return lateral
     657
     658            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     659                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     660                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     661                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     662                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     663                elif not table_alias:
     664                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     665
     666            return lateral
     667
     668        def _parse_table_parts(
     669            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     670        ) -> exp.Table:
     671            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     672            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     673                table = self._parse_string()
     674            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     675                table = self._parse_location_path()
     676            else:
     677                table = None
     678
     679            if table:
     680                file_format = None
     681                pattern = None
     682
     683                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     684                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     685                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     686                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     687                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     688                        )
     689                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     690                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     691                    else:
     692                        break
     693
     694                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     695
     696                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     697            else:
     698                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     699
     700            return table
     701
     702        def _parse_id_var(
     703            self,
     704            any_token: bool = True,
     705            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     706        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     707            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     708                identifier = (
     709                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     710                    or self._parse_string()
     711                )
     712                self._match_r_paren()
     713                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     714
     715            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     716
     717        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     718            scope = None
     719            scope_kind = None
     720
     721            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     722            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     723            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     724
     725            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     726
     727            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     728
     729            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     730                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     731                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     732                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     733                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     734                    if self._curr:
     735                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     736                elif self._curr:
     737                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     738                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     739
     740            return self.expression(
     741                exp.Show,
     742                **{
     743                    "terse": terse,
     744                    "this": this,
     745                    "history": history,
     746                    "like": like,
     747                    "scope": scope,
     748                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     749                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     750                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     751                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     752                },
     753            )
     754
     755        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     756            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     757            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     758
     759        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     760            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     761            return (
     762                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     763                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     764                else self._parse_table_parts()
     765            )
     766
     767        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     768            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     769
     770            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     771            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     772            # in case of subqueries
     773            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     774                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     775            ):
     776                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     777
     778            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     779
     780        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     781            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     782
     783            if not this:
     784                return this
     785
     786            typ = self._parse_types()
     787
     788            if typ:
     789                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     790
     791            return this
     792
     793    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     794        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     795        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     796        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     797        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     798        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     799
     800        KEYWORDS = {
     801            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     802            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     803            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     804            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     805            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     806            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     807            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     808            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     809            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     810            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     811            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     812            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     813            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     814            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     815            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     816            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     817            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     818            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     819            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     820            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     821            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     822            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     823            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     824        }
     825        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     826
     827        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     828            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     829            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     830        }
     831
     832        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     833
     834        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     835
     836    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     837        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     838        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     839        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     840        JOIN_HINTS = False
     841        TABLE_HINTS = False
     842        QUERY_HINTS = False
     843        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     844        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     845        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     846        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     847        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     848        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     849        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     850        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     851        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     852        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     853        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     854        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     855        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     856        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     857        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     858        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     859
     860        TRANSFORMS = {
     861            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     862            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     863            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     864            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     865            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     866            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     867            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     868            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     869                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     870            ),
     871            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     872            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     873            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     874            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     875            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     876            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     877            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     878            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     879            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     880            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     881            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     882            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     883            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     884                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     885            ),
     886            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     887                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     888            ),
     889            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     890            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     891            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     892            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     893                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     894            ),
     895            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     896            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     897            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     898            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     899            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     900            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     901            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     902            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     903            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     904            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     905                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     906            ),
     907            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     908            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     909                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     910            ),
     911            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     912                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     913            ),
     914            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     915            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     916            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     917            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     918            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     919            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     920                [
     921                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     922                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     923                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     924                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     925                ]
     926            ),
     927            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     928            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     929            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     930            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     931            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     932                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     933            ),
     934            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     935            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     936            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     937            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     938            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     939            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     940                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     941            ),
     942            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     943            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     944            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     945            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     946            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     947            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     948            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     949            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     950            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     951                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     952            ),
     953            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     954            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     955            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     956            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     957            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     958            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     959                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     960            ),
     961        }
     962
     963        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     964            exp.JSONPathKey,
     965            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     966            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     967        }
     968
     969        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     970            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     971            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     972            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     973        }
     974
     975        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     976            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     977            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     978            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     979        }
     980
     981        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     982            exp.Map,
     983            exp.StarMap,
     984            exp.Struct,
     985            exp.VarMap,
     986        }
     987
     988        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     989            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     990
     991        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     992            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     993                values_as_table = False
     994
     995            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     996
     997        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     998            expressions = expression.expressions
     999            if (
    1000                expressions
    1001                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1002                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1003            ):
    1004                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1005                return "OBJECT"
    1006
    1007            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1008
    1009        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1010            return self.func(
    1011                "TO_NUMBER",
    1012                expression.this,
    1013                expression.args.get("format"),
    1014                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1015                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1016            )
    1017
    1018        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1019            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1020            if milli is not None:
    1021                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1022                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1023
    1024            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1025
    1026        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1027            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1028                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1029            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1030                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1031
    1032            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1033
    1034        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1035            value = expression.this
    1036
    1037            if value.type is None:
    1038                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1039
    1040                value = annotate_types(value)
    1041
    1042            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1043                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1044
    1045            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1046            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1047
    1048        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1049            if not expression.expression:
    1050                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1051
    1052            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1053
    1054        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1055            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1056            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1057
    1058            columns = [
    1059                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1060                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1061                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1062                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1063                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1064                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1065                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1066            ]
    1067
    1068            if unnest_alias:
    1069                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1070            else:
    1071                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1072
    1073            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    1074            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1075            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1076            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1077
    1078        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1079            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1080            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1081            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1082            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1083
    1084            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1085            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1086
    1087            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1088            if scope_kind:
    1089                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1090
    1091            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1092            if starts_with:
    1093                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1094
    1095            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1096
    1097            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1098            if from_:
    1099                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1100
    1101            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1102
    1103        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1104            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1105            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1106            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1107            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1108            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1109            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1110            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1111
    1112        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1113            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1114        ) -> str:
    1115            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1116            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1117            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1118            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1119            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1120
    1121        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1122            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1123
    1124        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1125            keys = []
    1126            values = []
    1127
    1128            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1129                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1130                    keys.append(
    1131                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1132                    )
    1133                    values.append(e.expression)
    1134                else:
    1135                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1136                    values.append(e)
    1137
    1138            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1139
    1140        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1141        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1142            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1143
    1144        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1145            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1146            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1147            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1148            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1149            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1150            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1151            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1152            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1153
    1154            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1155
    1156        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1157            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1158            return self.func(
    1159                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1160            )
    1161
    1162        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1163            return self.sql(
    1164                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1165                    this=expression.this,
    1166                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1167                    unit=expression.unit,
    1168                )
    1169            )
    1170
    1171        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1172            this = expression.this
    1173
    1174            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1175            return self.func(
    1176                "GET_PATH",
    1177                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1178                expression.expression,
    1179            )
    1180
    1181        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1182            this = expression.this
    1183            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1184                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1185
    1186            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     316class Snowflake(Dialect):
     317    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     318    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     319    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     320    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     321    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     322    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     323    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     324    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     325    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     326    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     327
     328    TIME_MAPPING = {
     329        "YYYY": "%Y",
     330        "yyyy": "%Y",
     331        "YY": "%y",
     332        "yy": "%y",
     333        "MMMM": "%B",
     334        "mmmm": "%B",
     335        "MON": "%b",
     336        "mon": "%b",
     337        "MM": "%m",
     338        "mm": "%m",
     339        "DD": "%d",
     340        "dd": "%-d",
     341        "DY": "%a",
     342        "dy": "%w",
     343        "HH24": "%H",
     344        "hh24": "%H",
     345        "HH12": "%I",
     346        "hh12": "%I",
     347        "MI": "%M",
     348        "mi": "%M",
     349        "SS": "%S",
     350        "ss": "%S",
     351        "FF": "%f",
     352        "ff": "%f",
     353        "FF6": "%f",
     354        "ff6": "%f",
     355    }
     356
     357    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     358        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     359        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     360        if (
     361            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     362            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     363            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     364        ):
     365            return expression  # type: ignore
     366
     367        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     368
     369    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     370        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     371        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     372        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     373
     374        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     375            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     376            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     377        }
     378
     379        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     380        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     381
     382        FUNCTIONS = {
     383            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     384            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     385            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     386            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     387                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     388            ),
     389            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     390                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     391                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     392                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     393                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     394            ),
     395            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     396            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     397            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     398            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     399            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     400            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     401            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     402            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     403            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     404                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     405            ),
     406            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     407            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     408                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     409            ),
     410            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     411            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     412                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     413            ),
     414            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     415            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     416            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     417            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     418            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     419            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     422            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     423            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     424            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     425            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     426            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     427            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     428            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     429            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     430            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     431            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     432            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     433            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     434            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     435            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     436                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     437            ),
     438            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     439            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     440                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     441                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     442                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     443                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     444            ),
     445            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     446            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     447            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     448            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     449            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     450            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     451            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     452        }
     453
     454        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     455            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     456            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     457            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     458        }
     459        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     460
     461        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     462
     463        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     464            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     465            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     466            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     467        }
     468
     469        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     470            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     471            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     472                exp.Set,
     473                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     474                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     475                unset=True,
     476            ),
     477        }
     478
     479        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     480            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     481            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     482        }
     483
     484        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     485            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     486            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     487            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
     488        }
     489
     490        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     491            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     492            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     493        }
     494
     495        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     496            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     497            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     498            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     499            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     500            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     501            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     502            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     503            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     504            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     505            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     506            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     507            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     508            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     509            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     510            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     511            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     512            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     513            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     514            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     515        }
     516
     517        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     518            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     519            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     520            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     521            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     522            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     523        }
     524
     525        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     526            TokenType.DOT,
     527            TokenType.MOD,
     528            TokenType.SLASH,
     529        }
     530
     531        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     532
     533        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     534
     535        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     536
     537        LAMBDAS = {
     538            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     539            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     540                exp.Lambda,
     541                this=self._replace_lambda(
     542                    self._parse_assignment(),
     543                    expressions,
     544                ),
     545                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     546            ),
     547        }
     548
     549        def _negate_range(
     550            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     551        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     552            if not this:
     553                return this
     554
     555            query = this.args.get("query")
     556            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     557                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     558                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     559                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     560                #
     561                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     562                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     563                return self.expression(
     564                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     565                )
     566
     567            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     568
     569        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
     570            return self.expression(
     571                exp.Tags,
     572                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     573            )
     574
     575        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     576            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     577                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     578
     579            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     580                policy = self._parse_column()
     581                return self.expression(
     582                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     583                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     584                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     585                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     586                )
     587            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     588                policy = self._parse_column()
     589                return self.expression(
     590                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     591                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     592                )
     593            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     594                return self._parse_tag()
     595
     596            return None
     597
     598        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
     599            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     600                return self._parse_tag()
     601
     602            return super()._parse_with_property()
     603
     604        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     605            expression = super()._parse_create()
     606            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     607                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     608                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     609
     610            return expression
     611
     612        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     613        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     614        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     615            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     616
     617            if not this:
     618                return None
     619
     620            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     621            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     622            this = map_date_part(this)
     623            name = this.name.upper()
     624
     625            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     626                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     627                    scale = 10**3
     628                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     629                    scale = 10**6
     630                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     631                    scale = 10**9
     632                else:
     633                    scale = None
     634
     635                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     636                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     637
     638                if scale:
     639                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     640
     641                return to_unix
     642
     643            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     644
     645        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     646            if is_map:
     647                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     648                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     649                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     650                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     651
     652            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     653
     654        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     655            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     656            if not lateral:
     657                return lateral
     658
     659            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     660                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     661                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     662                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     663                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     664                elif not table_alias:
     665                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     666
     667            return lateral
     668
     669        def _parse_table_parts(
     670            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     671        ) -> exp.Table:
     672            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     673            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     674                table = self._parse_string()
     675            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     676                table = self._parse_location_path()
     677            else:
     678                table = None
     679
     680            if table:
     681                file_format = None
     682                pattern = None
     683
     684                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     685                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     686                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     687                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     688                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     689                        )
     690                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     691                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     692                    else:
     693                        break
     694
     695                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     696
     697                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     698            else:
     699                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     700
     701            return table
     702
     703        def _parse_id_var(
     704            self,
     705            any_token: bool = True,
     706            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     707        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     708            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     709                identifier = (
     710                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     711                    or self._parse_string()
     712                )
     713                self._match_r_paren()
     714                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     715
     716            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     717
     718        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     719            scope = None
     720            scope_kind = None
     721
     722            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     723            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     724            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     725
     726            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     727
     728            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     729
     730            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     731                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     732                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     733                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     734                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     735                    if self._curr:
     736                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     737                elif self._curr:
     738                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     739                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     740
     741            return self.expression(
     742                exp.Show,
     743                **{
     744                    "terse": terse,
     745                    "this": this,
     746                    "history": history,
     747                    "like": like,
     748                    "scope": scope,
     749                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     750                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     751                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     752                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     753                },
     754            )
     755
     756        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     757            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     758            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     759
     760        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     761            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     762            return (
     763                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     764                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     765                else self._parse_table_parts()
     766            )
     767
     768        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     769            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     770
     771            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     772            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     773            # in case of subqueries
     774            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     775                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     776            ):
     777                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     778
     779            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     780
     781        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     782            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     783
     784            if not this:
     785                return this
     786
     787            typ = self._parse_types()
     788
     789            if typ:
     790                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     791
     792            return this
     793
     794    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     795        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     796        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     797        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     798        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     799        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     800
     801        KEYWORDS = {
     802            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     803            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     804            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     805            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     806            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     807            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     808            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     809            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     810            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     811            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     812            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     813            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     814            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     815            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     816            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     817            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     818            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     819            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     820            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     821            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     822            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     823            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     824            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     825        }
     826        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     827
     828        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     829            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     830            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     831        }
     832
     833        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     834
     835        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     836
     837    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     838        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     839        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     840        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     841        JOIN_HINTS = False
     842        TABLE_HINTS = False
     843        QUERY_HINTS = False
     844        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     845        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     846        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     847        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     848        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     849        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     850        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     851        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     852        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     853        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     854        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     855        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     856        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     857        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     858        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     859        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     860
     861        TRANSFORMS = {
     862            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     863            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     864            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     865            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     866            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     867            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     868            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     869            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     870                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     871            ),
     872            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     873            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     874            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     875            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     876            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     877            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     878            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     879            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     880            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     881            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     882            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     883            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     884            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     885                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     886            ),
     887            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     888                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     889            ),
     890            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     891            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     892            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     893            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     894                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     895            ),
     896            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     897            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     898            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     899            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     900            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     901            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     902            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     903            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     904            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     905            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     906                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     907            ),
     908            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     909            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     910                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     911            ),
     912            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     913                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     914            ),
     915            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     916            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     917            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     918            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     919            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     920            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     921                [
     922                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     923                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     924                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     925                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     926                ]
     927            ),
     928            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     929            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     930            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     931            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     932            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     933                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     934            ),
     935            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     936            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     937            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     938            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     939            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     940            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     941                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     942            ),
     943            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     944            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     945            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     946            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     947            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     948            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     949            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     950            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     951            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     952                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     953            ),
     954            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     955            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     956            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     957            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     958            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     959            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     960                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     961            ),
     962        }
     963
     964        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     965            exp.JSONPathKey,
     966            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     967            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     968        }
     969
     970        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     971            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     972            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     973            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     974        }
     975
     976        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     977            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     978            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     979            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     980        }
     981
     982        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     983            exp.Map,
     984            exp.StarMap,
     985            exp.Struct,
     986            exp.VarMap,
     987        }
     988
     989        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     990            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     991
     992        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     993            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     994                values_as_table = False
     995
     996            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     997
     998        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     999            expressions = expression.expressions
    1000            if (
    1001                expressions
    1002                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1003                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1004            ):
    1005                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1006                return "OBJECT"
    1007
    1008            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1009
    1010        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1011            return self.func(
    1012                "TO_NUMBER",
    1013                expression.this,
    1014                expression.args.get("format"),
    1015                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1016                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1017            )
    1018
    1019        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1020            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1021            if milli is not None:
    1022                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1023                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1024
    1025            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1026
    1027        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1028            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1029                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1030            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1031                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1032
    1033            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1034
    1035        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1036            value = expression.this
    1037
    1038            if value.type is None:
    1039                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1040
    1041                value = annotate_types(value)
    1042
    1043            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1044                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1045
    1046            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1047            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1048
    1049        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1050            if not expression.expression:
    1051                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1052
    1053            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1054
    1055        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1056            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1057            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1058
    1059            columns = [
    1060                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1061                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1062                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1063                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1064                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1065                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1066                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1067            ]
    1068
    1069            if unnest_alias:
    1070                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1071            else:
    1072                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1073
    1074            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    1075            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1076            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1077            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1078
    1079        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1080            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1081            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1082            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1083            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1084
    1085            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1086            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1087
    1088            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1089            if scope_kind:
    1090                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1091
    1092            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1093            if starts_with:
    1094                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1095
    1096            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1097
    1098            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1099            if from_:
    1100                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1101
    1102            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1103
    1104        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1105            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1106            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1107            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1108            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1109            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1110            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1111            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1112
    1113        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1114            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1115        ) -> str:
    1116            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1117            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1118            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1119            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1120            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1121
    1122        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1123            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1124
    1125        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1126            keys = []
    1127            values = []
    1128
    1129            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1130                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1131                    keys.append(
    1132                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1133                    )
    1134                    values.append(e.expression)
    1135                else:
    1136                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1137                    values.append(e)
    1138
    1139            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1140
    1141        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1142        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1143            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1144
    1145        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1146            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1147            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1148            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1149            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1150            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1151            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1152            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1153            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1154
    1155            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1156
    1157        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1158            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1159            return self.func(
    1160                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1161            )
    1162
    1163        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1164            return self.sql(
    1165                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1166                    this=expression.this,
    1167                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1168                    unit=expression.unit,
    1169                )
    1170            )
    1171
    1172        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1173            this = expression.this
    1174
    1175            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1176            return self.func(
    1177                "GET_PATH",
    1178                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1179                expression.expression,
    1180            )
    1181
    1182        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1183            this = expression.this
    1184            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1185                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1186
    1187            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: Optional[bool] = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    357    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    358        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    359        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    360        if (
    361            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    362            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    363            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    364        ):
    365            return expression  # type: ignore
    366
    367        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    369    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    370        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    371        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    372        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
    373
    374        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    375            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    376            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    377        }
    378
    379        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    380        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    381
    382        FUNCTIONS = {
    383            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    384            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    385            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
    386            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    387                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    388            ),
    389            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    390                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    391                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    392                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    393                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    394            ),
    395            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    396            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    397            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    398            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    399            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    400            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    401            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    402            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    403            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
    404                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
    405            ),
    406            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    407            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    408                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    409            ),
    410            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    411            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    412                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    413            ),
    414            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    415            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    416            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    417            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    418            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    419            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    422            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    423            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    424            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    425            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    426            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    427            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    428            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    429            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    430            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    431            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    432            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    433            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
    434            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    435            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
    436                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
    437            ),
    438            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    439            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    440                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    441                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    442                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    443                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    444            ),
    445            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    446            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    447            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    448            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    449            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    450            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    451            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    452        }
    453
    454        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    455            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    456            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    457            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    458        }
    459        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    460
    461        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    462
    463        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    464            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    465            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    466            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    467        }
    468
    469        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    470            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    471            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    472                exp.Set,
    473                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    474                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    475                unset=True,
    476            ),
    477        }
    478
    479        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    480            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    481            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    482        }
    483
    484        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    485            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    486            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    487            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
    488        }
    489
    490        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
    491            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    492            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    493        }
    494
    495        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    496            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    497            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    498            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    499            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    500            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    501            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    502            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    503            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    504            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    505            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    506            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    507            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    508            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    509            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    510            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    511            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    512            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    513            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    514            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    515        }
    516
    517        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    518            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    519            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    520            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    521            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    522            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    523        }
    524
    525        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    526            TokenType.DOT,
    527            TokenType.MOD,
    528            TokenType.SLASH,
    529        }
    530
    531        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    532
    533        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    534
    535        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
    536
    537        LAMBDAS = {
    538            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    539            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    540                exp.Lambda,
    541                this=self._replace_lambda(
    542                    self._parse_assignment(),
    543                    expressions,
    544                ),
    545                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    546            ),
    547        }
    548
    549        def _negate_range(
    550            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    551        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    552            if not this:
    553                return this
    554
    555            query = this.args.get("query")
    556            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
    557                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
    558                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
    559                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
    560                #
    561                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
    562                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
    563                return self.expression(
    564                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
    565                )
    566
    567            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
    568
    569        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
    570            return self.expression(
    571                exp.Tags,
    572                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
    573            )
    574
    575        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    576            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
    577                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    578
    579            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
    580                policy = self._parse_column()
    581                return self.expression(
    582                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
    583                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    584                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
    585                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    586                )
    587            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
    588                policy = self._parse_column()
    589                return self.expression(
    590                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
    591                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    592                )
    593            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    594                return self._parse_tag()
    595
    596            return None
    597
    598        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
    599            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    600                return self._parse_tag()
    601
    602            return super()._parse_with_property()
    603
    604        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    605            expression = super()._parse_create()
    606            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
    607                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    608                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    609
    610            return expression
    611
    612        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    613        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    614        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    615            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    616
    617            if not this:
    618                return None
    619
    620            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    621            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    622            this = map_date_part(this)
    623            name = this.name.upper()
    624
    625            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    626                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    627                    scale = 10**3
    628                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    629                    scale = 10**6
    630                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    631                    scale = 10**9
    632                else:
    633                    scale = None
    634
    635                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    636                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    637
    638                if scale:
    639                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    640
    641                return to_unix
    642
    643            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    644
    645        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    646            if is_map:
    647                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    648                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    649                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    650                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    651
    652            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
    653
    654        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    655            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    656            if not lateral:
    657                return lateral
    658
    659            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    660                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    661                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    662                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    663                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    664                elif not table_alias:
    665                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    666
    667            return lateral
    668
    669        def _parse_table_parts(
    670            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    671        ) -> exp.Table:
    672            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    673            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    674                table = self._parse_string()
    675            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    676                table = self._parse_location_path()
    677            else:
    678                table = None
    679
    680            if table:
    681                file_format = None
    682                pattern = None
    683
    684                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    685                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    686                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    687                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    688                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    689                        )
    690                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    691                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    692                    else:
    693                        break
    694
    695                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    696
    697                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    698            else:
    699                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    700
    701            return table
    702
    703        def _parse_id_var(
    704            self,
    705            any_token: bool = True,
    706            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    707        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    708            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    709                identifier = (
    710                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    711                    or self._parse_string()
    712                )
    713                self._match_r_paren()
    714                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    715
    716            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    717
    718        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    719            scope = None
    720            scope_kind = None
    721
    722            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    723            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    724            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    725
    726            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    727
    728            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    729
    730            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    731                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    732                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    733                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    734                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    735                    if self._curr:
    736                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    737                elif self._curr:
    738                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    739                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    740
    741            return self.expression(
    742                exp.Show,
    743                **{
    744                    "terse": terse,
    745                    "this": this,
    746                    "history": history,
    747                    "like": like,
    748                    "scope": scope,
    749                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    750                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    751                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    752                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    753                },
    754            )
    755
    756        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    757            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    758            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    759
    760        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    761            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    762            return (
    763                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
    764                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    765                else self._parse_table_parts()
    766            )
    767
    768        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    769            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    770
    771            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    772            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    773            # in case of subqueries
    774            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    775                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    776            ):
    777                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    778
    779            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    780
    781        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    782            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    783
    784            if not this:
    785                return this
    786
    787            typ = self._parse_types()
    788
    789            if typ:
    790                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    791
    792            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'EDITDISTANCE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WATERMARK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'OBJECTS', 'VIEWS', 'SEQUENCES', 'TABLES', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'IMPORTED KEYS'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'TAG', 'WAREHOUSE', 'STREAMLIT', 'STORAGE INTEGRATION'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    794    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    795        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    796        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    797        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    798        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    799        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
    800
    801        KEYWORDS = {
    802            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    803            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    804            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    805            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    806            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    807            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    808            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    809            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    810            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    811            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    812            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    813            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    814            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    815            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    816            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    817            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    818            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    819            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    820            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    821            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    822            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    823            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
    824            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
    825        }
    826        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    827
    828        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    829            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    830            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    831        }
    832
    833        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    834
    835        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     837    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     838        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     839        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     840        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     841        JOIN_HINTS = False
     842        TABLE_HINTS = False
     843        QUERY_HINTS = False
     844        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     845        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     846        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     847        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     848        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     849        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     850        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     851        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     852        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     853        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     854        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     855        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     856        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     857        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     858        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     859        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     860
     861        TRANSFORMS = {
     862            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     863            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     864            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     865            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     866            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     867            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     868            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     869            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     870                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     871            ),
     872            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     873            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     874            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     875            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     876            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     877            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     878            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     879            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     880            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     881            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     882            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     883            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     884            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     885                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     886            ),
     887            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     888                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     889            ),
     890            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     891            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     892            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     893            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     894                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     895            ),
     896            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     897            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     898            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     899            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     900            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     901            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     902            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     903            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     904            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     905            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     906                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     907            ),
     908            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     909            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     910                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     911            ),
     912            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     913                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     914            ),
     915            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     916            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     917            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     918            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     919            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     920            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     921                [
     922                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     923                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     924                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     925                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     926                ]
     927            ),
     928            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     929            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     930            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     931            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     932            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     933                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     934            ),
     935            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     936            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     937            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     938            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     939            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     940            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     941                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     942            ),
     943            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     944            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     945            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     946            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     947            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     948            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     949            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     950            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     951            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     952                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     953            ),
     954            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     955            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     956            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     957            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     958            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     959            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     960                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     961            ),
     962        }
     963
     964        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     965            exp.JSONPathKey,
     966            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     967            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     968        }
     969
     970        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     971            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     972            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     973            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     974        }
     975
     976        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     977            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     978            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     979            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     980        }
     981
     982        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     983            exp.Map,
     984            exp.StarMap,
     985            exp.Struct,
     986            exp.VarMap,
     987        }
     988
     989        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     990            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     991
     992        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     993            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     994                values_as_table = False
     995
     996            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     997
     998        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     999            expressions = expression.expressions
    1000            if (
    1001                expressions
    1002                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1003                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1004            ):
    1005                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1006                return "OBJECT"
    1007
    1008            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1009
    1010        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1011            return self.func(
    1012                "TO_NUMBER",
    1013                expression.this,
    1014                expression.args.get("format"),
    1015                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1016                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1017            )
    1018
    1019        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1020            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1021            if milli is not None:
    1022                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1023                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1024
    1025            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1026
    1027        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1028            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1029                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1030            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1031                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1032
    1033            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1034
    1035        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1036            value = expression.this
    1037
    1038            if value.type is None:
    1039                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1040
    1041                value = annotate_types(value)
    1042
    1043            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1044                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1045
    1046            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1047            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1048
    1049        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1050            if not expression.expression:
    1051                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1052
    1053            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1054
    1055        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1056            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1057            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1058
    1059            columns = [
    1060                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1061                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1062                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1063                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1064                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1065                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1066                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1067            ]
    1068
    1069            if unnest_alias:
    1070                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1071            else:
    1072                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1073
    1074            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    1075            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1076            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1077            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1078
    1079        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1080            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1081            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1082            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1083            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1084
    1085            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1086            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1087
    1088            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1089            if scope_kind:
    1090                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1091
    1092            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1093            if starts_with:
    1094                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1095
    1096            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1097
    1098            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1099            if from_:
    1100                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1101
    1102            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1103
    1104        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1105            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1106            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1107            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1108            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1109            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1110            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1111            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1112
    1113        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1114            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1115        ) -> str:
    1116            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1117            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1118            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1119            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1120            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1121
    1122        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1123            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1124
    1125        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1126            keys = []
    1127            values = []
    1128
    1129            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1130                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1131                    keys.append(
    1132                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1133                    )
    1134                    values.append(e.expression)
    1135                else:
    1136                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1137                    values.append(e)
    1138
    1139            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1140
    1141        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1142        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1143            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1144
    1145        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1146            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1147            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1148            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1149            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1150            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1151            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1152            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1153            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1154
    1155            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1156
    1157        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1158            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1159            return self.func(
    1160                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1161            )
    1162
    1163        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1164            return self.sql(
    1165                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1166                    this=expression.this,
    1167                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1168                    unit=expression.unit,
    1169                )
    1170            )
    1171
    1172        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1173            this = expression.this
    1174
    1175            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1176            return self.func(
    1177                "GET_PATH",
    1178                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1179                expression.expression,
    1180            )
    1181
    1182        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1183            this = expression.this
    1184            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1185                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1186
    1187            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'ARRAY_SIZE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function timestampdiff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>: <function no_make_interval_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties ) -> str: View Source

    989        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    990            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    992        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    993            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    994                values_as_table = False
    995
    996            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType ) -> str: View Source

     998        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     999            expressions = expression.expressions
    1000            if (
    1001                expressions
    1002                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1003                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1004            ):
    1005                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1006                return "OBJECT"
    1007
    1008            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber ) -> str: View Source

    1010        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1011            return self.func(
    1012                "TO_NUMBER",
    1013                expression.this,
    1014                expression.args.get("format"),
    1015                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1016                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1017            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts ) -> str: View Source

    1019        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1020            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1021            if milli is not None:
    1022                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1023                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1024
    1025            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    1027        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1028            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1029                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1030            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1031                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1032
    1033            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast ) -> str: View Source

    1035        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1036            value = expression.this
    1037
    1038            if value.type is None:
    1039                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1040
    1041                value = annotate_types(value)
    1042
    1043            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1044                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1045
    1046            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1047            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log ) -> str: View Source

    1049        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1050            if not expression.expression:
    1051                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1052
    1053            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest ) -> str: View Source

    1055        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1056            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1057            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1058
    1059            columns = [
    1060                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1061                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1062                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1063                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1064                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1065                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1066                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1067            ]
    1068
    1069            if unnest_alias:
    1070                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1071            else:
    1072                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1073
    1074            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    1075            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1076            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1077            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show ) -> str: View Source

    1079        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1080            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1081            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1082            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1083            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1084
    1085            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1086            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1087
    1088            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1089            if scope_kind:
    1090                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1091
    1092            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1093            if starts_with:
    1094                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1095
    1096            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1097
    1098            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1099            if from_:
    1100                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1101
    1102            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe ) -> str: View Source

    1104        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1105            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1106            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1107            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1108            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1109            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1110            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1111            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint ) -> str: View Source

    1113        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1114            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1115        ) -> str:
    1116            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1117            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1118            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1119            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1120            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster ) -> str: View Source

    1122        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1123            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct ) -> str: View Source

    1125        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1126            keys = []
    1127            values = []
    1128
    1129            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1130                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1131                    keys.append(
    1132                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1133                    )
    1134                    values.append(e.expression)
    1135                else:
    1136                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1137                    values.append(e)
    1138
    1139            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

@unsupported_args('weight', 'accuracy')
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile ) -> str: View Source

    1141        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1142        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1143            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet ) -> str: View Source

    1145        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1146            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1147            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1148            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1149            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1150            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1151            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1152            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1153            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1154
    1155            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

def strtotime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime ): View Source

    1157        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1158            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1159            return self.func(
    1160                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1161            )

def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub ): View Source

    1163        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1164            return self.sql(
    1165                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1166                    this=expression.this,
    1167                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1168                    unit=expression.unit,
    1169                )
    1170            )

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract ): View Source

    1172        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1173            this = expression.this
    1174
    1175            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1176            return self.func(
    1177                "GET_PATH",
    1178                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1179                expression.expression,
    1180            )

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr ) -> str: View Source

    1182        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1183            this = expression.this
    1184            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1185                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1186
    1187            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
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  from_sql
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  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
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  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
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  pragma_sql
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  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
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  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
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  query_modifiers
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  offset_limit_modifiers
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  select_sql
  schema_sql
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  star_sql
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  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
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  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
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  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
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  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
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  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
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  alias_sql
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  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
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  columns_sql
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  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql
  attach_sql
  detach_sql
  attachoption_sql
  featuresattime_sql
  watermarkcolumnconstraint_sql
  encodeproperty_sql
  includeproperty_sql