# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      9    Dialect,
     10    NormalizationStrategy,
     11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
     12    binary_from_function,
     13    date_add_interval_sql,
     14    datestrtodate_sql,
     15    format_time_lambda,
     16    if_sql,
     17    inline_array_sql,
     18    max_or_greatest,
     19    min_or_least,
     20    no_ilike_sql,
     21    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     22    regexp_replace_sql,
     23    rename_func,
     24    timestrtotime_sql,
     25    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     26)
     27from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     28from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     29
     30if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     31    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
     32
     33logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     34
     35
     36def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     37    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     38        return self.values_sql(expression)
     39
     40    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     41
     42    structs = [
     43        exp.Struct(
     44            expressions=[
     45                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     46                for value, column_name in zip(
     47                    t.expressions,
     48                    (
     49                        alias.columns
     50                        if alias and alias.columns
     51                        else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions)))
     52                    ),
     53                )
     54            ]
     55        )
     56        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     57    ]
     58
     59    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     60
     61
     62def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     63    this = expression.this
     64    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     65        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     66    else:
     67        this = self.sql(this)
     68    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     69
     70
     71def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     72    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     73    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     74
     75    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     76        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     77
     78        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     79            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     80
     81        return self.create_sql(expression)
     82
     83    return self.create_sql(expression)
     84
     85
     86def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     87    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     88
     89    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     90    """
     91    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
     92
     93    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     94        unnest_aliases = {
     95            unnest.alias
     96            for unnest in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Unnest)
     97            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     98        }
     99        if unnest_aliases:
    100            for column in expression.find_all(exp.Column):
    101                if column.table in unnest_aliases:
    102                    column.set("table", None)
    103                elif column.db in unnest_aliases:
    104                    column.set("db", None)
    105
    106    return expression
    107
    108
    109# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    110# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    111# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    112# SELECT y + 1 z
    113# FROM x
    114# GROUP BY x + 1
    115# ORDER by z
    116def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    117    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    118        group = expression.args.get("group")
    119        order = expression.args.get("order")
    120
    121        if group and order:
    122            aliases = {
    123                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    124                for select in expression.selects
    125                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    126            }
    127
    128            for e in group.expressions:
    129                alias = aliases.get(e)
    130
    131                if alias:
    132                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    133
    134    return expression
    135
    136
    137def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    138    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    139    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    140        cte_query = expression.this
    141
    142        if cte_query.is_star:
    143            logger.warning(
    144                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    145                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    146            )
    147            return expression
    148
    149        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    150        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    151
    152        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    153            to_replace = select
    154
    155            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    156                select = select.this
    157
    158            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    159            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    160
    161    return expression
    162
    163
    164def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    165    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    166    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    167    return this
    168
    169
    170def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    171    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    172    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    173
    174
    175def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    176    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    177    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    178    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    179
    180
    181def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
    182    return self.sql(
    183        exp.Exists(
    184            this=exp.select("1")
    185            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
    186            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
    187        )
    188    )
    189
    190
    191def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    192    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
    193
    194
    195def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    196    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, "TIMESTAMP", copy=True))
    197    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, "TIMESTAMP", copy=True))
    198    unit = expression.args.get("unit") or "DAY"
    199    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
    200
    201
    202def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    203    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    204    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    205    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    206        return f"TIMESTAMP_SECONDS({timestamp})"
    207    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
    208        return f"TIMESTAMP_MILLIS({timestamp})"
    209    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
    210        return f"TIMESTAMP_MICROS({timestamp})"
    211
    212    return f"TIMESTAMP_SECONDS(CAST({timestamp} / POW(10, {scale}) AS INT64))"
    213
    214
    215def _parse_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    216    if len(args) == 1:
    217        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
    218    if len(args) == 3:
    219        return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    220
    221    return exp.Anonymous(this="TIME", expressions=args)
    222
    223
    224class BigQuery(Dialect):
    225    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
    226    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    227    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    228    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    229    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    230
    231    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    232    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    233
    234    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    235    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    236
    237    TIME_MAPPING = {
    238        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    239    }
    240
    241    ESCAPE_SEQUENCES = {
    242        "\\a": "\a",
    243        "\\b": "\b",
    244        "\\f": "\f",
    245        "\\n": "\n",
    246        "\\r": "\r",
    247        "\\t": "\t",
    248        "\\v": "\v",
    249    }
    250
    251    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    252        "DD": "%d",
    253        "MM": "%m",
    254        "MON": "%b",
    255        "MONTH": "%B",
    256        "YYYY": "%Y",
    257        "YY": "%y",
    258        "HH": "%I",
    259        "HH12": "%I",
    260        "HH24": "%H",
    261        "MI": "%M",
    262        "SS": "%S",
    263        "SSSSS": "%f",
    264        "TZH": "%z",
    265    }
    266
    267    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    268    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    269    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    270
    271    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    272        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    273            parent = expression.parent
    274            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    275                parent = parent.parent
    276
    277            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    278            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    279            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
    280            if (
    281                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    282                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    283                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    284            ):
    285                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    286
    287        return expression
    288
    289    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    290        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    291        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    292        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    293        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    294
    295        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    296
    297        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    298            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    299        ]
    300
    301        RAW_STRINGS = [
    302            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    303        ]
    304
    305        KEYWORDS = {
    306            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    307            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    308            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    309            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    310            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    311            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    312            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    313            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    314            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    315            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    316            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    317            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    318            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    319        }
    320        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    321
    322    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    323        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    324
    325        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    326
    327        FUNCTIONS = {
    328            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    329            "DATE": _parse_date,
    330            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    331            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    332            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    333                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    334                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    335            ),
    336            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    337            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    338            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    339            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    340                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    341            ),
    342            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    343            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    344                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    345            ),
    346            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    347            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    348            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    349                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    350            ),
    351            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    352            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    353            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    354                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    355                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    356                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    357                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    358                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    359            ),
    360            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    361            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    362            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    363                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    364                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    365                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    366            ),
    367            "TIME": _parse_time,
    368            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    369            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    370            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    371            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    372            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    373                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    374            ),
    375            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    376                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    377            ),
    378            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    379            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    380        }
    381
    382        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    383            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    384            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    385        }
    386        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    387
    388        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    389            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    390            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    391        }
    392
    393        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    394            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    395            TokenType.TABLE,
    396        }
    397
    398        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    399            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    400            TokenType.VALUES,
    401        }
    402
    403        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    404            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    405            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    406                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    407            ),
    408            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    409        }
    410
    411        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    412            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    413            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    414        }
    415
    416        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    417        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    418
    419        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    420
    421        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    422            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    423            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    424            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    425        }
    426
    427        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    428            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    429            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    430            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    431            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    432        }
    433
    434        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    435            this = self._parse_range()
    436            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    437            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    438
    439        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    440            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    441
    442            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    443            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    444                table_name = this.name
    445                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    446                    self._advance(2)
    447                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    448
    449                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    450            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    451                table_name = this.name
    452
    453                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    454                    table_name += self._prev.text
    455
    456                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    457
    458            return this
    459
    460        def _parse_table_parts(
    461            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    462        ) -> exp.Table:
    463            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    464            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    465                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    466                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    467                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    468                )
    469
    470                if rest and this:
    471                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    472
    473                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    474
    475            return table
    476
    477        @t.overload
    478        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject:
    479            ...
    480
    481        @t.overload
    482        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg:
    483            ...
    484
    485        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    486            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    487            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    488
    489            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    490            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    491            if (
    492                array_kv_pair
    493                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    494                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    495            ):
    496                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    497                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    498
    499                json_object.set(
    500                    "expressions",
    501                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    502                )
    503
    504            return json_object
    505
    506        def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    507            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    508
    509            if this is bracket:
    510                return bracket
    511
    512            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    513                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    514                    name = expression.name.upper()
    515
    516                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    517                        break
    518
    519                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    520                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    521                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    522                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    523
    524            return bracket
    525
    526    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    527        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    528        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    529        JOIN_HINTS = False
    530        QUERY_HINTS = False
    531        TABLE_HINTS = False
    532        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    533        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    534        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    535        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    536        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    537        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    538        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    539        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    540        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    541        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    542        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    543        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    544
    545        TRANSFORMS = {
    546            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    547            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    548            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    549            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    550            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    551            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    552            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    553            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    554                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    555                if e.args.get("default")
    556                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    557            ),
    558            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    559            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    560            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    561            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    562            exp.DateDiff: lambda self,
    563            e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    564            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    565            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    566            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    567            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    568            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    569            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    570            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    571                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    572            ),
    573            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    574            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    575            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    576            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    577            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    578            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    579            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    580            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    581            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    582            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    583            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    584            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    585            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    586                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    587                e.this,
    588                e.expression,
    589                e.args.get("position"),
    590                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    591            ),
    592            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    593            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    594            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    595            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    596                [
    597                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    598                    _unqualify_unnest,
    599                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    600                    _alias_ordered_group,
    601                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    602                ]
    603            ),
    604            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    605                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    606            ),
    607            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    608                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    609            ),
    610            exp.StrToDate: lambda self,
    611            e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    612            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    613                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    614            ),
    615            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    616            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    617            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    618            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    619            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    620            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    621            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    622            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    623            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    624            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    625            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    626            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    627            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    628            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    629            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    630            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    631        }
    632
    633        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    634            exp.JSONPathKey,
    635            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    636            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    637        }
    638
    639        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    640            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    641            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    642            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    643            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    644            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    645            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    646            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    647            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    648            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    649            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    650            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    651            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    652            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    653            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    654            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    655            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    656            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    657            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    658            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    659            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    660            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    661        }
    662
    663        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    664            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    665            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    666            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    667        }
    668
    669        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    670        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    671            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    672            "all",
    673            "and",
    674            "any",
    675            "array",
    676            "as",
    677            "asc",
    678            "assert_rows_modified",
    679            "at",
    680            "between",
    681            "by",
    682            "case",
    683            "cast",
    684            "collate",
    685            "contains",
    686            "create",
    687            "cross",
    688            "cube",
    689            "current",
    690            "default",
    691            "define",
    692            "desc",
    693            "distinct",
    694            "else",
    695            "end",
    696            "enum",
    697            "escape",
    698            "except",
    699            "exclude",
    700            "exists",
    701            "extract",
    702            "false",
    703            "fetch",
    704            "following",
    705            "for",
    706            "from",
    707            "full",
    708            "group",
    709            "grouping",
    710            "groups",
    711            "hash",
    712            "having",
    713            "if",
    714            "ignore",
    715            "in",
    716            "inner",
    717            "intersect",
    718            "interval",
    719            "into",
    720            "is",
    721            "join",
    722            "lateral",
    723            "left",
    724            "like",
    725            "limit",
    726            "lookup",
    727            "merge",
    728            "natural",
    729            "new",
    730            "no",
    731            "not",
    732            "null",
    733            "nulls",
    734            "of",
    735            "on",
    736            "or",
    737            "order",
    738            "outer",
    739            "over",
    740            "partition",
    741            "preceding",
    742            "proto",
    743            "qualify",
    744            "range",
    745            "recursive",
    746            "respect",
    747            "right",
    748            "rollup",
    749            "rows",
    750            "select",
    751            "set",
    752            "some",
    753            "struct",
    754            "tablesample",
    755            "then",
    756            "to",
    757            "treat",
    758            "true",
    759            "unbounded",
    760            "union",
    761            "unnest",
    762            "using",
    763            "when",
    764            "where",
    765            "window",
    766            "with",
    767            "within",
    768        }
    769
    770        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    771            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate):
    772                this: exp.Expression = expression.this
    773            else:
    774                this = expression
    775
    776            return f"FORMAT_DATE({self.format_time(expression)}, {self.sql(this, 'this')})"
    777
    778        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    779            args = []
    780            for expr in expression.expressions:
    781                if isinstance(expr, self.KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS):
    782                    arg = f"{self.sql(expr, 'expression')} AS {expr.this.name}"
    783                else:
    784                    arg = self.sql(expr)
    785
    786                args.append(arg)
    787
    788            return self.func("STRUCT", *args)
    789
    790        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    791            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    792            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    793                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    794                    return "NULL"
    795
    796            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    797
    798        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    799            parent = expression.parent
    800
    801            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    802            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    803            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    804                return self.func(
    805                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    806                )
    807
    808            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    809
    810        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    811            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    812
    813        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    814            if expression.alias_column_names:
    815                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    816            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    817
    818        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    819            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    820            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    821                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    822
    823            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    824
    825        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    826            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    827            expressions = expression.expressions
    828
    829            if len(expressions) == 1:
    830                arg = expressions[0]
    831                if arg.type is None:
    832                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    833
    834                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    835
    836                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    837                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values
    838                    return f"{this}.{arg.name}"
    839
    840            expressions_sql = ", ".join(self.sql(e) for e in expressions)
    841            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    842
    843            if offset == 0:
    844                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    845            elif offset == 1:
    846                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    847            elif offset is not None:
    848                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    849
    850            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    851                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    852
    853            return f"{this}[{expressions_sql}]"
    854
    855        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    856            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    857
    858        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    859            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    860
    861        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    862            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    863
    864        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    865            return self.sql(expression)
    866
    867        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    868            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    869                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    870            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    871
    872        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    873            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    874                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    875            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    876
    877        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    878            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    879
    880        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    881            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    882                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    883            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    225class BigQuery(Dialect):
    226    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
    227    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    228    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    229    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    230    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    231
    232    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    233    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    234
    235    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    236    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    237
    238    TIME_MAPPING = {
    239        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    240    }
    241
    242    ESCAPE_SEQUENCES = {
    243        "\\a": "\a",
    244        "\\b": "\b",
    245        "\\f": "\f",
    246        "\\n": "\n",
    247        "\\r": "\r",
    248        "\\t": "\t",
    249        "\\v": "\v",
    250    }
    251
    252    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    253        "DD": "%d",
    254        "MM": "%m",
    255        "MON": "%b",
    256        "MONTH": "%B",
    257        "YYYY": "%Y",
    258        "YY": "%y",
    259        "HH": "%I",
    260        "HH12": "%I",
    261        "HH24": "%H",
    262        "MI": "%M",
    263        "SS": "%S",
    264        "SSSSS": "%f",
    265        "TZH": "%z",
    266    }
    267
    268    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    269    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    270    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    271
    272    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    273        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    274            parent = expression.parent
    275            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    276                parent = parent.parent
    277
    278            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    279            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    280            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
    281            if (
    282                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    283                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    284                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    285            ):
    286                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    287
    288        return expression
    289
    290    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    291        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    292        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    293        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    294        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    295
    296        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    297
    298        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    299            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    300        ]
    301
    302        RAW_STRINGS = [
    303            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    304        ]
    305
    306        KEYWORDS = {
    307            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    308            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    309            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    310            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    311            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    312            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    313            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    314            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    315            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    316            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    317            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    318            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    319            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    320        }
    321        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    322
    323    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    324        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    325
    326        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    327
    328        FUNCTIONS = {
    329            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    330            "DATE": _parse_date,
    331            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    332            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    333            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    334                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    335                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    336            ),
    337            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    338            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    339            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    340            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    341                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    342            ),
    343            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    344            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    345                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    346            ),
    347            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    348            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    349            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    350                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    351            ),
    352            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    353            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    354            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    355                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    356                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    357                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    358                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    359                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    360            ),
    361            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    362            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    363            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    364                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    365                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    366                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    367            ),
    368            "TIME": _parse_time,
    369            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    370            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    371            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    372            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    373            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    374                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    375            ),
    376            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    377                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    378            ),
    379            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    380            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    381        }
    382
    383        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    384            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    385            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    386        }
    387        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    388
    389        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    390            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    391            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    392        }
    393
    394        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    395            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    396            TokenType.TABLE,
    397        }
    398
    399        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    400            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    401            TokenType.VALUES,
    402        }
    403
    404        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    405            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    406            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    407                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    408            ),
    409            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    410        }
    411
    412        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    413            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    414            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    415        }
    416
    417        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    418        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    419
    420        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    421
    422        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    423            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    424            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    425            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    426        }
    427
    428        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    429            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    430            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    431            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    432            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    433        }
    434
    435        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    436            this = self._parse_range()
    437            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    438            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    439
    440        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    441            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    442
    443            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    444            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    445                table_name = this.name
    446                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    447                    self._advance(2)
    448                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    449
    450                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    451            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    452                table_name = this.name
    453
    454                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    455                    table_name += self._prev.text
    456
    457                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    458
    459            return this
    460
    461        def _parse_table_parts(
    462            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    463        ) -> exp.Table:
    464            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    465            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    466                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    467                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    468                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    469                )
    470
    471                if rest and this:
    472                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    473
    474                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    475
    476            return table
    477
    478        @t.overload
    479        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject:
    480            ...
    481
    482        @t.overload
    483        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg:
    484            ...
    485
    486        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    487            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    488            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    489
    490            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    491            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    492            if (
    493                array_kv_pair
    494                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    495                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    496            ):
    497                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    498                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    499
    500                json_object.set(
    501                    "expressions",
    502                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    503                )
    504
    505            return json_object
    506
    507        def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    508            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    509
    510            if this is bracket:
    511                return bracket
    512
    513            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    514                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    515                    name = expression.name.upper()
    516
    517                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    518                        break
    519
    520                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    521                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    522                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    523                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    524
    525            return bracket
    526
    527    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    528        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    529        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    530        JOIN_HINTS = False
    531        QUERY_HINTS = False
    532        TABLE_HINTS = False
    533        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    534        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    535        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    536        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    537        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    538        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    539        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    540        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    541        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    542        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    543        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    544        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    545
    546        TRANSFORMS = {
    547            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    548            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    549            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    550            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    551            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    552            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    553            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    554            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    555                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    556                if e.args.get("default")
    557                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    558            ),
    559            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    560            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    561            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    562            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    563            exp.DateDiff: lambda self,
    564            e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    565            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    566            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    567            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    568            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    569            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    570            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    571            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    572                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    573            ),
    574            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    575            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    576            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    577            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    578            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    579            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    580            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    581            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    582            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    583            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    584            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    585            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    586            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    587                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    588                e.this,
    589                e.expression,
    590                e.args.get("position"),
    591                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    592            ),
    593            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    594            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    595            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    596            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    597                [
    598                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    599                    _unqualify_unnest,
    600                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    601                    _alias_ordered_group,
    602                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    603                ]
    604            ),
    605            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    606                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    607            ),
    608            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    609                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    610            ),
    611            exp.StrToDate: lambda self,
    612            e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    613            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    614                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    615            ),
    616            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    617            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    618            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    619            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    620            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    621            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    622            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    623            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    624            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    625            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    626            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    627            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    628            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    629            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    630            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    631            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    632        }
    633
    634        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    635            exp.JSONPathKey,
    636            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    637            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    638        }
    639
    640        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    641            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    642            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    643            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    644            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    645            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    646            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    647            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    648            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    649            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    650            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    651            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    652            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    653            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    654            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    655            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    656            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    657            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    658            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    659            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    660            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    661            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    662        }
    663
    664        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    665            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    666            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    667            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    668        }
    669
    670        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    671        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    672            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    673            "all",
    674            "and",
    675            "any",
    676            "array",
    677            "as",
    678            "asc",
    679            "assert_rows_modified",
    680            "at",
    681            "between",
    682            "by",
    683            "case",
    684            "cast",
    685            "collate",
    686            "contains",
    687            "create",
    688            "cross",
    689            "cube",
    690            "current",
    691            "default",
    692            "define",
    693            "desc",
    694            "distinct",
    695            "else",
    696            "end",
    697            "enum",
    698            "escape",
    699            "except",
    700            "exclude",
    701            "exists",
    702            "extract",
    703            "false",
    704            "fetch",
    705            "following",
    706            "for",
    707            "from",
    708            "full",
    709            "group",
    710            "grouping",
    711            "groups",
    712            "hash",
    713            "having",
    714            "if",
    715            "ignore",
    716            "in",
    717            "inner",
    718            "intersect",
    719            "interval",
    720            "into",
    721            "is",
    722            "join",
    723            "lateral",
    724            "left",
    725            "like",
    726            "limit",
    727            "lookup",
    728            "merge",
    729            "natural",
    730            "new",
    731            "no",
    732            "not",
    733            "null",
    734            "nulls",
    735            "of",
    736            "on",
    737            "or",
    738            "order",
    739            "outer",
    740            "over",
    741            "partition",
    742            "preceding",
    743            "proto",
    744            "qualify",
    745            "range",
    746            "recursive",
    747            "respect",
    748            "right",
    749            "rollup",
    750            "rows",
    751            "select",
    752            "set",
    753            "some",
    754            "struct",
    755            "tablesample",
    756            "then",
    757            "to",
    758            "treat",
    759            "true",
    760            "unbounded",
    761            "union",
    762            "unnest",
    763            "using",
    764            "when",
    765            "where",
    766            "window",
    767            "with",
    768            "within",
    769        }
    770
    771        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    772            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate):
    773                this: exp.Expression = expression.this
    774            else:
    775                this = expression
    776
    777            return f"FORMAT_DATE({self.format_time(expression)}, {self.sql(this, 'this')})"
    778
    779        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    780            args = []
    781            for expr in expression.expressions:
    782                if isinstance(expr, self.KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS):
    783                    arg = f"{self.sql(expr, 'expression')} AS {expr.this.name}"
    784                else:
    785                    arg = self.sql(expr)
    786
    787                args.append(arg)
    788
    789            return self.func("STRUCT", *args)
    790
    791        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    792            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    793            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    794                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    795                    return "NULL"
    796
    797            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    798
    799        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    800            parent = expression.parent
    801
    802            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    803            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    804            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    805                return self.func(
    806                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    807                )
    808
    809            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    810
    811        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    812            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    813
    814        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    815            if expression.alias_column_names:
    816                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    817            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    818
    819        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    820            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    821            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    822                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    823
    824            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    825
    826        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    827            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    828            expressions = expression.expressions
    829
    830            if len(expressions) == 1:
    831                arg = expressions[0]
    832                if arg.type is None:
    833                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    834
    835                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    836
    837                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    838                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values
    839                    return f"{this}.{arg.name}"
    840
    841            expressions_sql = ", ".join(self.sql(e) for e in expressions)
    842            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    843
    844            if offset == 0:
    845                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    846            elif offset == 1:
    847                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    848            elif offset is not None:
    849                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    850
    851            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    852                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    853
    854            return f"{this}[{expressions_sql}]"
    855
    856        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    857            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    858
    859        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    860            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    861
    862        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    863            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    864
    865        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    866            return self.sql(expression)
    867
    868        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    869            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    870                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    871            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    872
    873        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    874            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    875                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    876            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    877
    878        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    879            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    880
    881        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    882            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    883                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    884            return super().version_sql(expression)

WEEK_OFFSET = -1

Determines the day of week of DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Determines whether or not `UNNEST` table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Determines whether or not user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Determines whether or not `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST = False

Determines whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` format.

ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b'}

Mapping of an unescaped escape sequence to the corresponding character.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax `CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy')`. If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of `TIME_MAPPING`.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from `SELECT *` queries.

def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    272    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    273        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    274            parent = expression.parent
    275            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    276                parent = parent.parent
    277
    278            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    279            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    280            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
    281            if (
    282                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    283                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    284                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    285            ):
    286                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    287
    288        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    290    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    291        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    292        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    293        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    294        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    295
    296        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    297
    298        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    299            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    300        ]
    301
    302        RAW_STRINGS = [
    303            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    304        ]
    305
    306        KEYWORDS = {
    307            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    308            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    309            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    310            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    311            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    312            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    313            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    314            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    315            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    316            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    317            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    318            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    319            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    320        }
    321        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    323    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    324        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    325
    326        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    327
    328        FUNCTIONS = {
    329            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    330            "DATE": _parse_date,
    331            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    332            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    333            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    334                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    335                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    336            ),
    337            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    338            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    339            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    340            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    341                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    342            ),
    343            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    344            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    345                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    346            ),
    347            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    348            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    349            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    350                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    351            ),
    352            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    353            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    354            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    355                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    356                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    357                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    358                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    359                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    360            ),
    361            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    362            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    363            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    364                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    365                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    366                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    367            ),
    368            "TIME": _parse_time,
    369            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    370            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    371            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    372            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    373            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    374                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    375            ),
    376            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    377                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    378            ),
    379            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    380            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    381        }
    382
    383        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    384            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    385            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    386        }
    387        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    388
    389        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    390            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    391            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    392        }
    393
    394        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    395            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    396            TokenType.TABLE,
    397        }
    398
    399        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    400            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    401            TokenType.VALUES,
    402        }
    403
    404        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    405            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    406            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    407                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    408            ),
    409            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    410        }
    411
    412        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    413            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    414            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    415        }
    416
    417        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    418        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    419
    420        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    421
    422        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    423            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    424            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    425            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    426        }
    427
    428        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    429            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    430            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    431            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    432            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    433        }
    434
    435        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    436            this = self._parse_range()
    437            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    438            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    439
    440        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    441            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    442
    443            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    444            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    445                table_name = this.name
    446                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    447                    self._advance(2)
    448                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    449
    450                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    451            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    452                table_name = this.name
    453
    454                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    455                    table_name += self._prev.text
    456
    457                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    458
    459            return this
    460
    461        def _parse_table_parts(
    462            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    463        ) -> exp.Table:
    464            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    465            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    466                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    467                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    468                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    469                )
    470
    471                if rest and this:
    472                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    473
    474                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    475
    476            return table
    477
    478        @t.overload
    479        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject:
    480            ...
    481
    482        @t.overload
    483        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg:
    484            ...
    485
    486        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    487            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    488            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    489
    490            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    491            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    492            if (
    493                array_kv_pair
    494                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    495                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    496            ):
    497                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    498                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    499
    500                json_object.set(
    501                    "expressions",
    502                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    503                )
    504
    505            return json_object
    506
    507        def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    508            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    509
    510            if this is bracket:
    511                return bracket
    512
    513            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    514                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    515                    name = expression.name.upper()
    516
    517                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    518                        break
    519
    520                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    521                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    522                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    523                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    524
    525            return bracket

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME': <function _parse_time>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    527    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    528        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    529        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    530        JOIN_HINTS = False
    531        QUERY_HINTS = False
    532        TABLE_HINTS = False
    533        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    534        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    535        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    536        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    537        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    538        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    539        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    540        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    541        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    542        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    543        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    544        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    545
    546        TRANSFORMS = {
    547            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    548            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    549            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    550            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    551            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    552            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    553            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    554            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    555                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    556                if e.args.get("default")
    557                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    558            ),
    559            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    560            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    561            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    562            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    563            exp.DateDiff: lambda self,
    564            e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    565            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    566            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    567            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    568            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    569            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    570            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    571            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    572                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    573            ),
    574            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    575            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    576            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    577            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    578            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    579            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    580            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    581            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    582            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    583            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    584            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    585            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    586            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    587                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    588                e.this,
    589                e.expression,
    590                e.args.get("position"),
    591                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    592            ),
    593            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    594            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    595            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    596            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    597                [
    598                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    599                    _unqualify_unnest,
    600                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    601                    _alias_ordered_group,
    602                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    603                ]
    604            ),
    605            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    606                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    607            ),
    608            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    609                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    610            ),
    611            exp.StrToDate: lambda self,
    612            e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    613            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    614                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    615            ),
    616            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    617            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    618            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    619            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    620            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    621            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    622            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    623            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    624            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    625            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    626            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    627            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    628            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    629            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    630            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    631            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    632        }
    633
    634        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    635            exp.JSONPathKey,
    636            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    637            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    638        }
    639
    640        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    641            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    642            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    643            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    644            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    645            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    646            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    647            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    648            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    649            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    650            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    651            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    652            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    653            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    654            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    655            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    656            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    657            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    658            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    659            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    660            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    661            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    662        }
    663
    664        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    665            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    666            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    667            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    668        }
    669
    670        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    671        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    672            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    673            "all",
    674            "and",
    675            "any",
    676            "array",
    677            "as",
    678            "asc",
    679            "assert_rows_modified",
    680            "at",
    681            "between",
    682            "by",
    683            "case",
    684            "cast",
    685            "collate",
    686            "contains",
    687            "create",
    688            "cross",
    689            "cube",
    690            "current",
    691            "default",
    692            "define",
    693            "desc",
    694            "distinct",
    695            "else",
    696            "end",
    697            "enum",
    698            "escape",
    699            "except",
    700            "exclude",
    701            "exists",
    702            "extract",
    703            "false",
    704            "fetch",
    705            "following",
    706            "for",
    707            "from",
    708            "full",
    709            "group",
    710            "grouping",
    711            "groups",
    712            "hash",
    713            "having",
    714            "if",
    715            "ignore",
    716            "in",
    717            "inner",
    718            "intersect",
    719            "interval",
    720            "into",
    721            "is",
    722            "join",
    723            "lateral",
    724            "left",
    725            "like",
    726            "limit",
    727            "lookup",
    728            "merge",
    729            "natural",
    730            "new",
    731            "no",
    732            "not",
    733            "null",
    734            "nulls",
    735            "of",
    736            "on",
    737            "or",
    738            "order",
    739            "outer",
    740            "over",
    741            "partition",
    742            "preceding",
    743            "proto",
    744            "qualify",
    745            "range",
    746            "recursive",
    747            "respect",
    748            "right",
    749            "rollup",
    750            "rows",
    751            "select",
    752            "set",
    753            "some",
    754            "struct",
    755            "tablesample",
    756            "then",
    757            "to",
    758            "treat",
    759            "true",
    760            "unbounded",
    761            "union",
    762            "unnest",
    763            "using",
    764            "when",
    765            "where",
    766            "window",
    767            "with",
    768            "within",
    769        }
    770
    771        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    772            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate):
    773                this: exp.Expression = expression.this
    774            else:
    775                this = expression
    776
    777            return f"FORMAT_DATE({self.format_time(expression)}, {self.sql(this, 'this')})"
    778
    779        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    780            args = []
    781            for expr in expression.expressions:
    782                if isinstance(expr, self.KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS):
    783                    arg = f"{self.sql(expr, 'expression')} AS {expr.this.name}"
    784                else:
    785                    arg = self.sql(expr)
    786
    787                args.append(arg)
    788
    789            return self.func("STRUCT", *args)
    790
    791        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    792            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    793            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    794                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    795                    return "NULL"
    796
    797            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    798
    799        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    800            parent = expression.parent
    801
    802            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    803            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    804            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    805                return self.func(
    806                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    807                )
    808
    809            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    810
    811        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    812            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    813
    814        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    815            if expression.alias_column_names:
    816                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    817            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    818
    819        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    820            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    821            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    822                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    823
    824            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    825
    826        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    827            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    828            expressions = expression.expressions
    829
    830            if len(expressions) == 1:
    831                arg = expressions[0]
    832                if arg.type is None:
    833                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    834
    835                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    836
    837                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    838                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values
    839                    return f"{this}.{arg.name}"
    840
    841            expressions_sql = ", ".join(self.sql(e) for e in expressions)
    842            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    843
    844            if offset == 0:
    845                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    846            elif offset == 1:
    847                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    848            elif offset is not None:
    849                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    850
    851            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    852                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    853
    854            return f"{this}[{expressions_sql}]"
    855
    856        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    857            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    858
    859        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    860            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    861
    862        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    863            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    864
    865        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    866            return self.sql(expression)
    867
    868        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    869            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    870                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    871            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    872
    873        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    874            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    875                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    876            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    877
    878        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    879            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    880
    881        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    882            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    883                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    884            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'lookup', 'no', 'and', 'or', 'asc', 'group', 'using', 'enum', 'full', 'groups', 'tablesample', 'current', 'into', 'order', 'array', 'right', 'partition', 'left', 'then', 'distinct', 'cast', 'range', 'some', 'else', 'collate', 'at', 'struct', 'lateral', 'cube', 'default', 'ignore', 'any', 'new', 'like', 'window', 'recursive', 'desc', 'assert_rows_modified', 'when', 'of', 'on', 'create', 'where', 'outer', 'over', 'preceding', 'contains', 'union', 'null', 'true', 'false', 'all', 'by', 'is', 'within', 'select', 'extract', 'not', 'limit', 'treat', 'escape', 'grouping', 'nulls', 'as', 'define', 'between', 'proto', 'inner', 'unnest', 'fetch', 'end', 'following', 'if', 'rows', 'rollup', 'for', 'natural', 'having', 'cross', 'intersect', 'respect', 'set', 'with', 'from', 'except', 'exclude', 'join', 'hash', 'in', 'case', 'exists', 'unbounded', 'to', 'merge', 'qualify', 'interval'}
def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr ) -> str: View Source

    771        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    772            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate):
    773                this: exp.Expression = expression.this
    774            else:
    775                this = expression
    776
    777            return f"FORMAT_DATE({self.format_time(expression)}, {self.sql(this, 'this')})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct ) -> str: View Source

    779        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    780            args = []
    781            for expr in expression.expressions:
    782                if isinstance(expr, self.KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS):
    783                    arg = f"{self.sql(expr, 'expression')} AS {expr.this.name}"
    784                else:
    785                    arg = self.sql(expr)
    786
    787                args.append(arg)
    788
    789            return self.func("STRUCT", *args)

def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ ) -> str: View Source

    791        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    792            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    793            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    794                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    795                    return "NULL"
    796
    797            return self.binary(expression, "=")

def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone ) -> str: View Source

    799        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    800            parent = expression.parent
    801
    802            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    803            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    804            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    805                return self.func(
    806                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    807                )
    808
    809            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast ) -> str: View Source

    811        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    812            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE ) -> str: View Source

    814        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    815            if expression.alias_column_names:
    816                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    817            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array ) -> str: View Source

    819        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    820            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    821            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    822                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    823
    824            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket ) -> str: View Source

    826        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    827            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    828            expressions = expression.expressions
    829
    830            if len(expressions) == 1:
    831                arg = expressions[0]
    832                if arg.type is None:
    833                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    834
    835                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    836
    837                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    838                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values
    839                    return f"{this}.{arg.name}"
    840
    841            expressions_sql = ", ".join(self.sql(e) for e in expressions)
    842            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    843
    844            if offset == 0:
    845                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    846            elif offset == 1:
    847                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    848            elif offset is not None:
    849                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    850
    851            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    852                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    853
    854            return f"{this}[{expressions_sql}]"

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    856        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    857            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    859        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    860            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    862        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    863            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest ) -> str: View Source

    865        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    866            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except ) -> str: View Source

    868        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    869            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    870                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    871            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect ) -> str: View Source

    873        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    874            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    875                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    876            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties ) -> str: View Source

    878        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    879            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version ) -> str: View Source

    881        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    882            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    883                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    884            return super().version_sql(expression)

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
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