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sqlglot.dialects.presto

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    binary_from_function,
 10    bool_xor_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    encode_decode_sql,
 14    build_formatted_time,
 15    if_sql,
 16    left_to_substring_sql,
 17    no_ilike_sql,
 18    no_pivot_sql,
 19    no_timestamp_sql,
 20    regexp_extract_sql,
 21    rename_func,
 22    right_to_substring_sql,
 23    sha256_sql,
 24    strposition_sql,
 25    struct_extract_sql,
 26    timestamptrunc_sql,
 27    timestrtotime_sql,
 28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 29    unit_to_str,
 30    sequence_sql,
 31    build_regexp_extract,
 32    explode_to_unnest_sql,
 33)
 34from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 35from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
 36from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
 37from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
 38from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 39from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
 40from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 41
 42DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
 43
 44
 45def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
 46    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
 47    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
 48
 49
 50def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
 51    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
 52        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
 53    else:
 54        comparator = None
 55    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
 56
 57
 58def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
 59    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.PartitionedByProperty):
 60        # Any columns in the ARRAY[] string literals should not be quoted
 61        expression.transform(lambda n: n.name if isinstance(n, exp.Identifier) else n, copy=False)
 62
 63        partition_exprs = [
 64            self.sql(c) if isinstance(c, (exp.Func, exp.Property)) else self.sql(c, "this")
 65            for c in expression.expressions
 66        ]
 67        return self.sql(exp.Array(expressions=[exp.Literal.string(c) for c in partition_exprs]))
 68
 69    if expression.parent:
 70        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
 71            if schema is expression:
 72                continue
 73
 74            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
 75            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
 76                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
 77
 78    return self.schema_sql(expression)
 79
 80
 81def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
 82    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
 83    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
 84
 85
 86def _str_to_time_sql(
 87    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
 88) -> str:
 89    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
 90
 91
 92def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
 93    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
 94    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
 95        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
 96    return self.sql(
 97        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
 98    )
 99
100
101def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
102    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
103    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
104    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
105
106
107def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
108    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
109    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
110    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
111    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
112
113
114def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
115    if len(args) == 4:
116        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
117            this=seq_get(args, 0),
118            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
119            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
120            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
121        )
122    if len(args) == 3:
123        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
124            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
125        )
126    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
127
128
129def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
130    if len(args) == 3:
131        return exp.UnixToTime(
132            this=seq_get(args, 0),
133            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
134            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
135        )
136    if len(args) == 2:
137        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
138
139    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
140
141
142def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
143    """
144    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
145    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
146    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
147
148    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
149    """
150    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
151        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
152
153    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
154
155
156def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
157    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
158    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
159    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
160        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
161
162    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
163
164
165def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
166    if not expression.type:
167        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
168
169        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
170    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
171        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
172    return expression
173
174
175def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
176    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
177    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
178        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
179        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
180
181    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
182    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
183    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
184
185
186def _date_delta_sql(
187    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
188) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
189    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
190        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
191        return self.func(
192            name,
193            unit_to_str(expression),
194            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
195            expression.this,
196        )
197
198    return _delta_sql
199
200
201def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
202    explode = expression.this
203    if isinstance(explode, exp.Explode):
204        exploded_type = explode.this.type
205        alias = expression.args.get("alias")
206
207        # This attempts a best-effort transpilation of LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE on a struct array
208        if (
209            isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
210            and isinstance(exploded_type, exp.DataType)
211            and exploded_type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY)
212            and exploded_type.expressions
213            and exploded_type.expressions[0].is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
214        ):
215            # When unnesting a ROW in Presto, it produces N columns, so we need to fix the alias
216            alias.set("columns", [c.this.copy() for c in exploded_type.expressions[0].expressions])
217    elif isinstance(explode, exp.Inline):
218        explode.replace(exp.Explode(this=explode.this.copy()))
219
220    return explode_to_unnest_sql(self, expression)
221
222
223def amend_exploded_column_table(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
224    # We check for expression.type because the columns can be amended only if types were inferred
225    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select) and expression.type:
226        for lateral in expression.args.get("laterals") or []:
227            alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
228            if (
229                not isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode)
230                or not isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
231                or len(alias.columns) != 1
232            ):
233                continue
234
235            new_table = alias.this
236            old_table = alias.columns[0].name.lower()
237
238            # When transpiling a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE Spark query, the exploded fields may be qualified
239            # with the struct column, resulting in invalid Presto references that need to be amended
240            for column in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Column):
241                if column.db.lower() == old_table:
242                    column.set("table", column.args["db"].pop())
243                elif column.table.lower() == old_table:
244                    column.set("table", new_table.copy())
245                elif column.name.lower() == old_table and isinstance(column.parent, exp.Dot):
246                    column.parent.replace(exp.column(column.parent.expression, table=new_table))
247
248    return expression
249
250
251class Presto(Dialect):
252    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
253    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
254    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
255    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
256    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
257    TYPED_DIVISION = True
258    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
259    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
260    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
261
262    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
263
264    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
265    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
266    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
267    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
268
269    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
270    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
271    ANNOTATORS = {
272        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
273        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
274        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
275        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
276        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
277        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
278        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
279        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
280        if e.this
281        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
282    }
283
284    SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {
285        *Dialect.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS,
286        "variant_extract_is_json_extract",
287    }
288
289    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
290        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
291        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
292            (prefix + q, q)
293            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
294            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
295        ]
296
297        KEYWORDS = {
298            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
299            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
300            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
301            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
302            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
303            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
304            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
305            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
306            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
307            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
308            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
309            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
310        }
311        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
312        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
313
314    class Parser(parser.Parser):
315        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
316
317        FUNCTIONS = {
318            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
319            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
320            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
321            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
322            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
323            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
324            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
325            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
326            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
327            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
328            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
329                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
330            ),
331            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
332                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
333            ),
334            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
335            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
336            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
337            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
338            "DOW": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
339            "DOY": exp.DayOfYear.from_arg_list,
340            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
341                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
342            ),
343            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
344            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
345            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
346                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
347            ),
348            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
349                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
350            ),
351            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
352            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
353            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
354            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
355            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
356                this=seq_get(args, 0),
357                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
358                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
359            ),
360            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
361            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
362            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
363            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
364            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
365                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
366            ),
367            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
368            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
369            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
370                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
371            ),
372            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
373            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
374            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
375        }
376
377        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
378        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
379
380    class Generator(generator.Generator):
381        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
382        JOIN_HINTS = False
383        TABLE_HINTS = False
384        QUERY_HINTS = False
385        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
386        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
387        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
388        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
389        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
390        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
391        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
392        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
393        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
394        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
395        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
396        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
397        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
398        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
399        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
400
401        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
402            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
403            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
404            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
405        }
406
407        TYPE_MAPPING = {
408            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
409            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
410            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
411            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
412            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
413            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
414            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
415            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
416            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
417            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
418            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
419            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
420            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
421        }
422
423        TRANSFORMS = {
424            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
425            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
426            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
427            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
428            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
429            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
430            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
431            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
432            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
433            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
434            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
435            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
436            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
437            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
438                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
439            ),
440            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
441            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
442            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
443                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
444            ),
445            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
446            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
447            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
448            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
449            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
450            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
451            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
452                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
453            ),
454            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
455            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
456            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
457            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
458            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
459            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
460            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
461            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
462            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
463            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
464            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
465            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
466            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
467            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
468            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
469            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
470            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
471            exp.If: if_sql(),
472            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
473            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
474            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
475            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
476            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
477            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
478            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
479                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
480            ),
481            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
482            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
483            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
484            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
485            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
486            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
487            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
488            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
489            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
490            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
491                [
492                    transforms.eliminate_window_clause,
493                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
494                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
495                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
496                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
497                    amend_exploded_column_table,
498                ]
499            ),
500            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
501            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
502            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
503            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
504            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
505            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
506            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
507            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
508            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
509            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
510            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
511            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
512            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
513                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
514            ),
515            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
516            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
517            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
518            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
519            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
520            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
521            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
522            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
523            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
524            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
525            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
526            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
527            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
528            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
529            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
530            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
531            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
532            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
533                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
534            ),
535            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
536            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
537            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
538            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
539        }
540
541        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
542            "alter",
543            "and",
544            "as",
545            "between",
546            "by",
547            "case",
548            "cast",
549            "constraint",
550            "create",
551            "cross",
552            "current_time",
553            "current_timestamp",
554            "deallocate",
555            "delete",
556            "describe",
557            "distinct",
558            "drop",
559            "else",
560            "end",
561            "escape",
562            "except",
563            "execute",
564            "exists",
565            "extract",
566            "false",
567            "for",
568            "from",
569            "full",
570            "group",
571            "having",
572            "in",
573            "inner",
574            "insert",
575            "intersect",
576            "into",
577            "is",
578            "join",
579            "left",
580            "like",
581            "natural",
582            "not",
583            "null",
584            "on",
585            "or",
586            "order",
587            "outer",
588            "prepare",
589            "right",
590            "select",
591            "table",
592            "then",
593            "true",
594            "union",
595            "using",
596            "values",
597            "when",
598            "where",
599            "with",
600        }
601
602        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
603            this = expression.this
604            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
605
606            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
607                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
608
609                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
610
611            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
612                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
613
614            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
615
616        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
617            this = expression.this
618
619            if not this.type:
620                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
621
622                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
623
624            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
625                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
626
627            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
628
629        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
630            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
631            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
632            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
633            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
634            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
635            this = expression.this
636            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
637            value_as_timestamp = (
638                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
639            )
640
641            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
642
643            formatted_value = self.func(
644                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
645            )
646            parse_with_tz = self.func(
647                "PARSE_DATETIME",
648                formatted_value,
649                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
650            )
651            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
652            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
653
654        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
655            if expression.args.get("safe"):
656                return self.func(
657                    "ELEMENT_AT",
658                    expression.this,
659                    seq_get(
660                        apply_index_offset(
661                            expression.this,
662                            expression.expressions,
663                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
664                            dialect=self.dialect,
665                        ),
666                        0,
667                    ),
668                )
669            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
670
671        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
672            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
673
674            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
675            values: t.List[str] = []
676            schema: t.List[str] = []
677            unknown_type = False
678
679            for e in expression.expressions:
680                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
681                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
682                        unknown_type = True
683                    else:
684                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
685                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
686                else:
687                    values.append(self.sql(e))
688
689            size = len(expression.expressions)
690
691            if not size or len(schema) != size:
692                if unknown_type:
693                    self.unsupported(
694                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
695                    )
696                return self.func("ROW", *values)
697            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
698
699        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
700            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
701                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
702            return super().interval_sql(expression)
703
704        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
705            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
706            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
707            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
708
709        def offset_limit_modifiers(
710            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
711        ) -> t.List[str]:
712            return [
713                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
714                self.sql(limit),
715            ]
716
717        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
718            """
719            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
720            so we need to remove them
721            """
722            kind = expression.args["kind"]
723            schema = expression.this
724            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
725                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
726            return super().create_sql(expression)
727
728        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
729            """
730            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
731            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
732            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
733            """
734            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
735            if len(tables) > 1:
736                return super().delete_sql(expression)
737
738            table = tables[0]
739            expression.set("this", table)
740            expression.set("tables", None)
741
742            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
743                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
744                if table_alias:
745                    table_alias.pop()
746                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
747
748            return super().delete_sql(expression)
749
750        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
751            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
752
753            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
754            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
755            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
756                return self.func(
757                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
758                )
759
760            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
761
762            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
763            segments = []
764            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
765                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
766                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
767                    self.unsupported(
768                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
769                    )
770                    continue
771                key = path_key.this
772                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
773                    key = f'"{key}"'
774                segments.append(f".{key}")
775
776            expr = "".join(segments)
777
778            return f"{this}{expr}"
779
780        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
781            return self.func(
782                "ARRAY_JOIN",
783                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
784                expression.args.get("separator"),
785            )
def amend_exploded_column_table( expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> sqlglot.expressions.Expression:
224def amend_exploded_column_table(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
225    # We check for expression.type because the columns can be amended only if types were inferred
226    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select) and expression.type:
227        for lateral in expression.args.get("laterals") or []:
228            alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
229            if (
230                not isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode)
231                or not isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
232                or len(alias.columns) != 1
233            ):
234                continue
235
236            new_table = alias.this
237            old_table = alias.columns[0].name.lower()
238
239            # When transpiling a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE Spark query, the exploded fields may be qualified
240            # with the struct column, resulting in invalid Presto references that need to be amended
241            for column in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Column):
242                if column.db.lower() == old_table:
243                    column.set("table", column.args["db"].pop())
244                elif column.table.lower() == old_table:
245                    column.set("table", new_table.copy())
246                elif column.name.lower() == old_table and isinstance(column.parent, exp.Dot):
247                    column.parent.replace(exp.column(column.parent.expression, table=new_table))
248
249    return expression
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
252class Presto(Dialect):
253    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
254    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
255    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
256    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
257    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
258    TYPED_DIVISION = True
259    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
260    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
261    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
262
263    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
264
265    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
266    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
267    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
268    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
269
270    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
271    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
272    ANNOTATORS = {
273        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
274        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
275        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
276        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
277        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
278        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
279        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
280        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
281        if e.this
282        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
283    }
284
285    SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {
286        *Dialect.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS,
287        "variant_extract_is_json_extract",
288    }
289
290    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
291        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
292        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
293            (prefix + q, q)
294            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
295            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
296        ]
297
298        KEYWORDS = {
299            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
300            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
301            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
302            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
303            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
304            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
305            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
306            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
307            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
308            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
309            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
310            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
311        }
312        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
313        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
314
315    class Parser(parser.Parser):
316        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
317
318        FUNCTIONS = {
319            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
320            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
321            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
322            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
323            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
324            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
325            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
326            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
327            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
328            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
329            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
330                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
331            ),
332            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
333                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
334            ),
335            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
336            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
337            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
338            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
339            "DOW": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
340            "DOY": exp.DayOfYear.from_arg_list,
341            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
342                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
343            ),
344            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
345            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
346            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
347                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
348            ),
349            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
350                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
351            ),
352            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
353            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
354            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
355            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
356            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
357                this=seq_get(args, 0),
358                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
359                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
360            ),
361            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
362            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
363            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
364            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
365            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
366                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
367            ),
368            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
369            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
370            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
371                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
372            ),
373            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
374            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
375            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
376        }
377
378        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
379        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
380
381    class Generator(generator.Generator):
382        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
383        JOIN_HINTS = False
384        TABLE_HINTS = False
385        QUERY_HINTS = False
386        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
387        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
388        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
389        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
390        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
391        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
392        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
393        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
394        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
395        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
396        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
397        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
398        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
399        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
400        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
401
402        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
403            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
404            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
405            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
406        }
407
408        TYPE_MAPPING = {
409            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
410            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
411            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
412            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
413            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
414            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
415            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
416            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
417            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
418            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
419            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
420            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
421            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
422        }
423
424        TRANSFORMS = {
425            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
426            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
427            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
428            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
429            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
430            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
431            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
432            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
433            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
434            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
435            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
436            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
437            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
438            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
439                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
440            ),
441            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
442            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
443            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
444                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
445            ),
446            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
447            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
448            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
449            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
450            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
451            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
452            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
453                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
454            ),
455            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
456            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
457            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
458            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
459            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
460            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
461            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
462            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
463            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
464            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
465            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
466            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
467            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
468            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
469            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
470            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
471            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
472            exp.If: if_sql(),
473            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
474            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
475            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
476            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
477            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
478            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
479            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
480                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
481            ),
482            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
483            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
484            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
485            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
486            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
487            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
488            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
489            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
490            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
491            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
492                [
493                    transforms.eliminate_window_clause,
494                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
495                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
496                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
497                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
498                    amend_exploded_column_table,
499                ]
500            ),
501            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
502            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
503            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
504            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
505            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
506            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
507            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
508            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
509            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
510            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
511            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
512            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
513            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
514                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
515            ),
516            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
517            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
518            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
519            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
520            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
521            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
522            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
523            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
524            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
525            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
526            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
527            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
528            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
529            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
530            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
531            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
532            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
533            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
534                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
535            ),
536            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
537            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
538            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
539            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
540        }
541
542        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
543            "alter",
544            "and",
545            "as",
546            "between",
547            "by",
548            "case",
549            "cast",
550            "constraint",
551            "create",
552            "cross",
553            "current_time",
554            "current_timestamp",
555            "deallocate",
556            "delete",
557            "describe",
558            "distinct",
559            "drop",
560            "else",
561            "end",
562            "escape",
563            "except",
564            "execute",
565            "exists",
566            "extract",
567            "false",
568            "for",
569            "from",
570            "full",
571            "group",
572            "having",
573            "in",
574            "inner",
575            "insert",
576            "intersect",
577            "into",
578            "is",
579            "join",
580            "left",
581            "like",
582            "natural",
583            "not",
584            "null",
585            "on",
586            "or",
587            "order",
588            "outer",
589            "prepare",
590            "right",
591            "select",
592            "table",
593            "then",
594            "true",
595            "union",
596            "using",
597            "values",
598            "when",
599            "where",
600            "with",
601        }
602
603        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
604            this = expression.this
605            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
606
607            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
608                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
609
610                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
611
612            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
613                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
614
615            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
616
617        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
618            this = expression.this
619
620            if not this.type:
621                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
622
623                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
624
625            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
626                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
627
628            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
629
630        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
631            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
632            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
633            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
634            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
635            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
636            this = expression.this
637            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
638            value_as_timestamp = (
639                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
640            )
641
642            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
643
644            formatted_value = self.func(
645                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
646            )
647            parse_with_tz = self.func(
648                "PARSE_DATETIME",
649                formatted_value,
650                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
651            )
652            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
653            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
654
655        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
656            if expression.args.get("safe"):
657                return self.func(
658                    "ELEMENT_AT",
659                    expression.this,
660                    seq_get(
661                        apply_index_offset(
662                            expression.this,
663                            expression.expressions,
664                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
665                            dialect=self.dialect,
666                        ),
667                        0,
668                    ),
669                )
670            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
671
672        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
673            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
674
675            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
676            values: t.List[str] = []
677            schema: t.List[str] = []
678            unknown_type = False
679
680            for e in expression.expressions:
681                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
682                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
683                        unknown_type = True
684                    else:
685                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
686                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
687                else:
688                    values.append(self.sql(e))
689
690            size = len(expression.expressions)
691
692            if not size or len(schema) != size:
693                if unknown_type:
694                    self.unsupported(
695                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
696                    )
697                return self.func("ROW", *values)
698            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
699
700        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
701            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
702                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
703            return super().interval_sql(expression)
704
705        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
706            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
707            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
708            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
709
710        def offset_limit_modifiers(
711            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
712        ) -> t.List[str]:
713            return [
714                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
715                self.sql(limit),
716            ]
717
718        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
719            """
720            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
721            so we need to remove them
722            """
723            kind = expression.args["kind"]
724            schema = expression.this
725            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
726                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
727            return super().create_sql(expression)
728
729        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
730            """
731            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
732            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
733            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
734            """
735            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
736            if len(tables) > 1:
737                return super().delete_sql(expression)
738
739            table = tables[0]
740            expression.set("this", table)
741            expression.set("tables", None)
742
743            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
744                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
745                if table_alias:
746                    table_alias.pop()
747                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
748
749            return super().delete_sql(expression)
750
751        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
752            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
753
754            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
755            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
756            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
757                return self.func(
758                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
759                )
760
761            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
762
763            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
764            segments = []
765            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
766                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
767                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
768                    self.unsupported(
769                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
770                    )
771                    continue
772                key = path_key.this
773                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
774                    key = f'"{key}"'
775                segments.append(f".{key}")
776
777            expr = "".join(segments)
778
779            return f"{this}{expr}"
780
781        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
782            return self.func(
783                "ARRAY_JOIN",
784                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
785                expression.args.get("separator"),
786            )
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {'variant_extract_is_json_extract', 'normalization_strategy', 'version'}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
290    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
291        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
292        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
293            (prefix + q, q)
294            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
295            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
296        ]
297
298        KEYWORDS = {
299            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
300            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
301            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
302            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
303            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
304            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
305            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
306            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
307            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
308            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
309            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
310            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
311        }
312        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
313        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}
class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
315    class Parser(parser.Parser):
316        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
317
318        FUNCTIONS = {
319            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
320            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
321            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
322            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
323            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
324            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
325            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
326            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
327            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
328            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
329            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
330                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
331            ),
332            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
333                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
334            ),
335            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
336            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
337            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
338            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
339            "DOW": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
340            "DOY": exp.DayOfYear.from_arg_list,
341            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
342                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
343            ),
344            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
345            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
346            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
347                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
348            ),
349            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
350                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
351            ),
352            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
353            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
354            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
355            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
356            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
357                this=seq_get(args, 0),
358                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
359                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
360            ),
361            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
362            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
363            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
364            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
365            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
366                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
367            ),
368            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
369            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
370            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
371                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
372            ),
373            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
374            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
375            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
376        }
377
378        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
379        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CONVERT_TO_CHARSET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConvertToCharset'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DOY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ARG_MAX': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARGMAX': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'MAX_BY': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARG_MIN': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARGMIN': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'MIN_BY': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.NOTHING: 'NOTHING'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.VOID: 'VOID'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.GET: 'GET'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.NOTHING: 'NOTHING'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.VOID: 'VOID'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.GET: 'GET'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ALTERABLES
ALIAS_TOKENS
COLON_PLACEHOLDER_TOKENS
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
STATEMENT_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
RANGE_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
TYPE_CONVERTERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
WINDOW_EXCLUDE_OPTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
DESCRIBE_STYLES
ANALYZE_STYLES
ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
PARTITION_KEYWORDS
AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
OPERATION_MODIFIERS
RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
MODIFIABLES
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
parse_set_operation
errors
sql
class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
381    class Generator(generator.Generator):
382        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
383        JOIN_HINTS = False
384        TABLE_HINTS = False
385        QUERY_HINTS = False
386        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
387        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
388        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
389        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
390        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
391        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
392        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
393        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
394        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
395        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
396        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
397        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
398        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
399        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
400        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
401
402        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
403            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
404            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
405            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
406        }
407
408        TYPE_MAPPING = {
409            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
410            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
411            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
412            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
413            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
414            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
415            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
416            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
417            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
418            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
419            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
420            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
421            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
422        }
423
424        TRANSFORMS = {
425            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
426            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
427            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
428            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
429            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
430            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
431            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
432            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
433            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
434            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
435            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
436            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
437            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
438            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
439                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
440            ),
441            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
442            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
443            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
444                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
445            ),
446            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
447            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
448            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
449            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
450            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
451            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
452            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
453                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
454            ),
455            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
456            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
457            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
458            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
459            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
460            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
461            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
462            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
463            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
464            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
465            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
466            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
467            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
468            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
469            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
470            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
471            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
472            exp.If: if_sql(),
473            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
474            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
475            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
476            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
477            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
478            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
479            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
480                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
481            ),
482            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
483            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
484            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
485            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
486            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
487            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
488            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
489            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
490            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
491            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
492                [
493                    transforms.eliminate_window_clause,
494                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
495                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
496                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
497                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
498                    amend_exploded_column_table,
499                ]
500            ),
501            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
502            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
503            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
504            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
505            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
506            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
507            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
508            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
509            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
510            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
511            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
512            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
513            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
514                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
515            ),
516            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
517            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
518            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
519            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
520            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
521            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
522            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
523            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
524            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
525            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
526            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
527            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
528            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
529            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
530            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
531            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
532            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
533            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
534                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
535            ),
536            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
537            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
538            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
539            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
540        }
541
542        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
543            "alter",
544            "and",
545            "as",
546            "between",
547            "by",
548            "case",
549            "cast",
550            "constraint",
551            "create",
552            "cross",
553            "current_time",
554            "current_timestamp",
555            "deallocate",
556            "delete",
557            "describe",
558            "distinct",
559            "drop",
560            "else",
561            "end",
562            "escape",
563            "except",
564            "execute",
565            "exists",
566            "extract",
567            "false",
568            "for",
569            "from",
570            "full",
571            "group",
572            "having",
573            "in",
574            "inner",
575            "insert",
576            "intersect",
577            "into",
578            "is",
579            "join",
580            "left",
581            "like",
582            "natural",
583            "not",
584            "null",
585            "on",
586            "or",
587            "order",
588            "outer",
589            "prepare",
590            "right",
591            "select",
592            "table",
593            "then",
594            "true",
595            "union",
596            "using",
597            "values",
598            "when",
599            "where",
600            "with",
601        }
602
603        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
604            this = expression.this
605            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
606
607            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
608                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
609
610                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
611
612            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
613                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
614
615            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
616
617        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
618            this = expression.this
619
620            if not this.type:
621                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
622
623                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
624
625            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
626                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
627
628            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
629
630        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
631            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
632            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
633            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
634            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
635            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
636            this = expression.this
637            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
638            value_as_timestamp = (
639                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
640            )
641
642            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
643
644            formatted_value = self.func(
645                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
646            )
647            parse_with_tz = self.func(
648                "PARSE_DATETIME",
649                formatted_value,
650                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
651            )
652            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
653            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
654
655        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
656            if expression.args.get("safe"):
657                return self.func(
658                    "ELEMENT_AT",
659                    expression.this,
660                    seq_get(
661                        apply_index_offset(
662                            expression.this,
663                            expression.expressions,
664                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
665                            dialect=self.dialect,
666                        ),
667                        0,
668                    ),
669                )
670            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
671
672        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
673            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
674
675            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
676            values: t.List[str] = []
677            schema: t.List[str] = []
678            unknown_type = False
679
680            for e in expression.expressions:
681                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
682                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
683                        unknown_type = True
684                    else:
685                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
686                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
687                else:
688                    values.append(self.sql(e))
689
690            size = len(expression.expressions)
691
692            if not size or len(schema) != size:
693                if unknown_type:
694                    self.unsupported(
695                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
696                    )
697                return self.func("ROW", *values)
698            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
699
700        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
701            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
702                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
703            return super().interval_sql(expression)
704
705        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
706            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
707            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
708            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
709
710        def offset_limit_modifiers(
711            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
712        ) -> t.List[str]:
713            return [
714                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
715                self.sql(limit),
716            ]
717
718        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
719            """
720            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
721            so we need to remove them
722            """
723            kind = expression.args["kind"]
724            schema = expression.this
725            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
726                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
727            return super().create_sql(expression)
728
729        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
730            """
731            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
732            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
733            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
734            """
735            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
736            if len(tables) > 1:
737                return super().delete_sql(expression)
738
739            table = tables[0]
740            expression.set("this", table)
741            expression.set("tables", None)
742
743            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
744                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
745                if table_alias:
746                    table_alias.pop()
747                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
748
749            return super().delete_sql(expression)
750
751        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
752            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
753
754            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
755            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
756            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
757                return self.func(
758                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
759                )
760
761            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
762
763            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
764            segments = []
765            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
766                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
767                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
768                    self.unsupported(
769                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
770                    )
771                    continue
772                key = path_key.this
773                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
774                    key = f'"{key}"'
775                segments.append(f".{key}")
776
777            expr = "".join(segments)
778
779            return f"{this}{expr}"
780
781        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
782            return self.func(
783                "ARRAY_JOIN",
784                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
785                expression.args.get("separator"),
786            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'CARDINALITY'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EnviromentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConvertToCharset'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EnviromentProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Get'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByBucket'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionByTruncate'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Put'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'current_time', 'on', 'delete', 'from', 'else', 'left', 'as', 'inner', 'then', 'right', 'by', 'select', 'having', 'escape', 'join', 'extract', 'null', 'true', 'and', 'execute', 'current_timestamp', 'in', 'into', 'when', 'not', 'group', 'order', 'cross', 'except', 'false', 'outer', 'or', 'with', 'distinct', 'union', 'cast', 'like', 'case', 'using', 'exists', 'intersect', 'where', 'end', 'deallocate', 'drop', 'full', 'insert', 'prepare', 'constraint', 'between', 'create', 'alter', 'for', 'is', 'values', 'natural', 'describe', 'table'}
def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat) -> str:
603        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
604            this = expression.this
605            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
606
607            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
608                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
609
610                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
611
612            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
613                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
614
615            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str:
617        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
618            this = expression.this
619
620            if not this.type:
621                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
622
623                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
624
625            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
626                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
627
628            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str:
630        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
631            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
632            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
633            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
634            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
635            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
636            this = expression.this
637            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
638            value_as_timestamp = (
639                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
640            )
641
642            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
643
644            formatted_value = self.func(
645                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
646            )
647            parse_with_tz = self.func(
648                "PARSE_DATETIME",
649                formatted_value,
650                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
651            )
652            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
653            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
655        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
656            if expression.args.get("safe"):
657                return self.func(
658                    "ELEMENT_AT",
659                    expression.this,
660                    seq_get(
661                        apply_index_offset(
662                            expression.this,
663                            expression.expressions,
664                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
665                            dialect=self.dialect,
666                        ),
667                        0,
668                    ),
669                )
670            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
672        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
673            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
674
675            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
676            values: t.List[str] = []
677            schema: t.List[str] = []
678            unknown_type = False
679
680            for e in expression.expressions:
681                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
682                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
683                        unknown_type = True
684                    else:
685                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
686                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
687                else:
688                    values.append(self.sql(e))
689
690            size = len(expression.expressions)
691
692            if not size or len(schema) != size:
693                if unknown_type:
694                    self.unsupported(
695                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
696                    )
697                return self.func("ROW", *values)
698            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str:
700        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
701            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
702                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
703            return super().interval_sql(expression)
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
705        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
706            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
707            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
708            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]:
710        def offset_limit_modifiers(
711            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
712        ) -> t.List[str]:
713            return [
714                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
715                self.sql(limit),
716            ]
def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str:
718        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
719            """
720            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
721            so we need to remove them
722            """
723            kind = expression.args["kind"]
724            schema = expression.this
725            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
726                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
727            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: CREATE VIEW x (cola) then (cola) is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str:
729        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
730            """
731            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
732            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
733            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
734            """
735            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
736            if len(tables) > 1:
737                return super().delete_sql(expression)
738
739            table = tables[0]
740            expression.set("this", table)
741            expression.set("tables", None)
742
743            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
744                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
745                if table_alias:
746                    table_alias.pop()
747                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
748
749            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str:
751        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
752            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
753
754            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
755            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
756            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
757                return self.func(
758                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
759                )
760
761            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
762
763            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
764            segments = []
765            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
766                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
767                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
768                    self.unsupported(
769                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
770                    )
771                    continue
772                key = path_key.this
773                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
774                    key = f'"{key}"'
775                segments.append(f".{key}")
776
777            expr = "".join(segments)
778
779            return f"{this}{expr}"
def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str:
781        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
782            return self.func(
783                "ARRAY_JOIN",
784                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
785                expression.args.get("separator"),
786            )
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
COLLATE_IS_FUNC
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SUPPORTS_WINDOW_EXCLUDE
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
TRY_SUPPORTED
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
STAR_EXCEPT
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
ALTER_SET_TYPE
ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
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