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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, jsonpath, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
      12    date_delta_sql,
      13    date_trunc_to_time,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    if_sql,
      17    inline_array_sql,
      18    max_or_greatest,
      19    min_or_least,
      20    rename_func,
      21    timestamptrunc_sql,
      22    timestrtotime_sql,
      23    var_map_sql,
      24    map_date_part,
      25    no_timestamp_sql,
      26    strposition_sql,
      27    timestampdiff_sql,
      28    no_make_interval_sql,
      29)
      30from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
      31from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      32from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      33
      34if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      35    from sqlglot._typing import E, B
      36
      37
      38# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      39def _build_datetime(
      40    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      41) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      42    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      43        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      44        scale_or_fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
      45
      46        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      47        int_scale_or_fmt = scale_or_fmt is not None and scale_or_fmt.is_int
      48
      49        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal) or (value and scale_or_fmt):
      50            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      51            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      52                return (
      53                    exp.TryCast(this=value, to=exp.DataType.build(kind))
      54                    if safe
      55                    else exp.cast(value, kind)
      56                )
      57
      58            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      59            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      60            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      61                if not safe and (int_value or int_scale_or_fmt):
      62                    # TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP('integer') is not parsed into exp.UnixToTime as
      63                    # it's not easily transpilable
      64                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=scale_or_fmt)
      65                if not int_scale_or_fmt and not is_float(value.name):
      66                    expr = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      67                    expr.set("safe", safe)
      68                    return expr
      69
      70        if kind in (exp.DataType.Type.DATE, exp.DataType.Type.TIME) and not int_value:
      71            klass = exp.TsOrDsToDate if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE else exp.TsOrDsToTime
      72            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(klass, "snowflake")(args)
      73            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      74            return formatted_exp
      75
      76        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      77
      78    return _builder
      79
      80
      81def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      82    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      83
      84    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      85        return expression
      86
      87    return exp.Struct(
      88        expressions=[
      89            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      90        ]
      91    )
      92
      93
      94def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      95    return exp.DateDiff(
      96        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      97    )
      98
      99
     100def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     101    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     102        return expr_type(
     103            this=seq_get(args, 2),
     104            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     105            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
     106        )
     107
     108    return _builder
     109
     110
     111def _build_bitwise(expr_type: t.Type[B], name: str) -> t.Callable[[t.List], B | exp.Anonymous]:
     112    def _builder(args: t.List) -> B | exp.Anonymous:
     113        if len(args) == 3:
     114            return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
     115
     116        return binary_from_function(expr_type)(args)
     117
     118    return _builder
     119
     120
     121# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
     122def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     123    lhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 0), exp.Binary)
     124    rhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 1), exp.Binary)
     125
     126    cond = exp.EQ(this=rhs, expression=exp.Literal.number(0)).and_(
     127        exp.Is(this=lhs, expression=exp.null()).not_()
     128    )
     129    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
     130    false = exp.Div(this=lhs, expression=rhs)
     131    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     132
     133
     134# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     135def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     136    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     137    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     138
     139
     140# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     141def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     142    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     143    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     144
     145
     146def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     147    flag = expression.text("flag")
     148
     149    if "i" not in flag:
     150        flag += "i"
     151
     152    return self.func(
     153        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     154    )
     155
     156
     157def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     158    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     159
     160    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     161        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     162
     163    return regexp_replace
     164
     165
     166def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     167    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     168        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     169
     170    return _parse
     171
     172
     173def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     174    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     175    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     176    return trunc
     177
     178
     179def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     180    """
     181    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     182    so we need to unqualify them.
     183
     184    Example:
     185        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     186        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     187        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     188        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     189    """
     190    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     191        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     192
     193    return expression
     194
     195
     196def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     197    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     198
     199    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     200        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     201            expression.set("expressions", None)
     202        return expression
     203
     204    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     205    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     206        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     207            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     208                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     209                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     210                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     211
     212    return expression
     213
     214
     215def _unnest_generate_date_array(unnest: exp.Unnest) -> None:
     216    generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
     217    start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
     218    end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
     219    step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
     220
     221    if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
     222        return
     223
     224    unit = step.args.get("unit")
     225
     226    unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
     227    if unnest_alias:
     228        unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
     229        sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
     230    else:
     231        sequence_value_name = "value"
     232
     233    # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
     234    date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
     235        [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
     236    ).as_(sequence_value_name)
     237
     238    # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
     239    number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
     240        [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
     241    )
     242
     243    unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
     244    unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
     245
     246
     247def _transform_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     248    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     249        for generate_date_array in expression.find_all(exp.GenerateDateArray):
     250            parent = generate_date_array.parent
     251
     252            # If GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY is used directly as an array (e.g passed into ARRAY_LENGTH), the transformed Snowflake
     253            # query is the following (it'll be unnested properly on the next iteration due to copy):
     254            # SELECT ref(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...)) -> SELECT ref((SELECT ARRAY_AGG(*) FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...))))
     255            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest):
     256                unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[generate_date_array.copy()])
     257                generate_date_array.replace(
     258                    exp.select(exp.ArrayAgg(this=exp.Star())).from_(unnest).subquery()
     259                )
     260
     261            if (
     262                isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest)
     263                and isinstance(parent.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     264                and len(parent.expressions) == 1
     265            ):
     266                _unnest_generate_date_array(parent)
     267
     268    return expression
     269
     270
     271def _build_regexp_extract(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     272    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     273        return expr_type(
     274            this=seq_get(args, 0),
     275            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     276            position=seq_get(args, 2),
     277            occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     278            parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
     279            group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
     280        )
     281
     282    return _builder
     283
     284
     285def _regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract | exp.RegexpExtractAll) -> str:
     286    # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     287    # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     288    group = expression.args.get("group")
     289
     290    # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
     291    # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
     292    if group and group.name == "0":
     293        group = None
     294
     295    parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     296    occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     297    position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     298
     299    return self.func(
     300        "REGEXP_SUBSTR" if isinstance(expression, exp.RegexpExtract) else "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL",
     301        expression.this,
     302        expression.expression,
     303        position,
     304        occurrence,
     305        parameters,
     306        group,
     307    )
     308
     309
     310def _json_extract_value_array_sql(
     311    self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.JSONValueArray | exp.JSONExtractArray
     312) -> str:
     313    json_extract = exp.JSONExtract(this=expression.this, expression=expression.expression)
     314    ident = exp.to_identifier("x")
     315
     316    if isinstance(expression, exp.JSONValueArray):
     317        this: exp.Expression = exp.cast(ident, to=exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
     318    else:
     319        this = exp.ParseJSON(this=f"TO_JSON({ident})")
     320
     321    transform_lambda = exp.Lambda(expressions=[ident], this=this)
     322
     323    return self.func("TRANSFORM", json_extract, transform_lambda)
     324
     325
     326class Snowflake(Dialect):
     327    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     328    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     329    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     330    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     331    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     332    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     333    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     334    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     335    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     336    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     337
     338    TIME_MAPPING = {
     339        "YYYY": "%Y",
     340        "yyyy": "%Y",
     341        "YY": "%y",
     342        "yy": "%y",
     343        "MMMM": "%B",
     344        "mmmm": "%B",
     345        "MON": "%b",
     346        "mon": "%b",
     347        "MM": "%m",
     348        "mm": "%m",
     349        "DD": "%d",
     350        "dd": "%-d",
     351        "DY": "%a",
     352        "dy": "%w",
     353        "HH24": "%H",
     354        "hh24": "%H",
     355        "HH12": "%I",
     356        "hh12": "%I",
     357        "MI": "%M",
     358        "mi": "%M",
     359        "SS": "%S",
     360        "ss": "%S",
     361        "FF6": "%f",
     362        "ff6": "%f",
     363    }
     364
     365    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     366        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     367        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     368        if (
     369            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     370            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     371            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     372        ):
     373            return expression  # type: ignore
     374
     375        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     376
     377    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
     378        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
     379        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
     380
     381    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     382        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     383        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     384        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     385
     386        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     387            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     388            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     389        }
     390
     391        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     392        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     393
     394        FUNCTIONS = {
     395            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     396            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     397            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     398            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     399                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     400            ),
     401            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     402                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     403                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     404                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     405                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     406            ),
     407            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     408            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     409            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     410            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     411            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     412            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
     413            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     414            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
     415            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
     416            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     417            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     418            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     419            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     420            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     421            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     422                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     423            ),
     424            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     425            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     426                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     427            ),
     428            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     429            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     430                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     431            ),
     432            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     433            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     434            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     435            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     437            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     438            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     439            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     440            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     441            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     442            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     443            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     444            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     445            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     446            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     447            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     448            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     449            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     450            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     451            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     452            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     453            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
     454            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     455                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     456            ),
     457            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     458            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     459                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     460                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     461                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     462                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     463            ),
     464            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     465            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     466            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     467            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     468            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     469            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     470            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     471        }
     472
     473        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     474            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     475            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     476            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     477        }
     478        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     479
     480        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     481
     482        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     483            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     484            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     485            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     486        }
     487
     488        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     489            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     490            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     491                exp.Set,
     492                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     493                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     494                unset=True,
     495            ),
     496        }
     497
     498        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     499            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     500            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     501        }
     502
     503        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     504            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     505            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     506            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
     507        }
     508
     509        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     510            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     511            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     512        }
     513
     514        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     515            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     516            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     517            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     518            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     519            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     520            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     521            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     522            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     523            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     524            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     525            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     526            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     527            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     528            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     529            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     530            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     531            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     532            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     533            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     534        }
     535
     536        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     537            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     538            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     539            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     540            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     541            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     542        }
     543
     544        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     545            TokenType.DOT,
     546            TokenType.MOD,
     547            TokenType.SLASH,
     548        }
     549
     550        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     551
     552        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     553
     554        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     555
     556        LAMBDAS = {
     557            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     558            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     559                exp.Lambda,
     560                this=self._replace_lambda(
     561                    self._parse_assignment(),
     562                    expressions,
     563                ),
     564                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     565            ),
     566        }
     567
     568        def _negate_range(
     569            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     570        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     571            if not this:
     572                return this
     573
     574            query = this.args.get("query")
     575            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     576                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     577                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     578                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     579                #
     580                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     581                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     582                return self.expression(
     583                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     584                )
     585
     586            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     587
     588        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
     589            return self.expression(
     590                exp.Tags,
     591                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     592            )
     593
     594        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     595            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     596                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     597
     598            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     599                policy = self._parse_column()
     600                return self.expression(
     601                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     602                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     603                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     604                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     605                )
     606            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     607                policy = self._parse_column()
     608                return self.expression(
     609                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     610                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     611                )
     612            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     613                return self._parse_tag()
     614
     615            return None
     616
     617        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
     618            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     619                return self._parse_tag()
     620
     621            return super()._parse_with_property()
     622
     623        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     624            expression = super()._parse_create()
     625            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     626                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     627                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     628
     629            return expression
     630
     631        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     632        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     633        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     634            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     635
     636            if not this:
     637                return None
     638
     639            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     640            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     641            this = map_date_part(this)
     642            name = this.name.upper()
     643
     644            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     645                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     646                    scale = 10**3
     647                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     648                    scale = 10**6
     649                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     650                    scale = 10**9
     651                else:
     652                    scale = None
     653
     654                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     655                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     656
     657                if scale:
     658                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     659
     660                return to_unix
     661
     662            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     663
     664        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     665            if is_map:
     666                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     667                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     668                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     669                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     670
     671            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     672
     673        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     674            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     675            if not lateral:
     676                return lateral
     677
     678            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     679                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     680                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     681                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     682                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     683                elif not table_alias:
     684                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     685
     686            return lateral
     687
     688        def _parse_table_parts(
     689            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     690        ) -> exp.Table:
     691            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     692            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     693                table = self._parse_string()
     694            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     695                table = self._parse_location_path()
     696            else:
     697                table = None
     698
     699            if table:
     700                file_format = None
     701                pattern = None
     702
     703                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     704                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     705                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     706                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     707                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     708                        )
     709                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     710                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     711                    else:
     712                        break
     713
     714                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     715
     716                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     717            else:
     718                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     719
     720            return table
     721
     722        def _parse_id_var(
     723            self,
     724            any_token: bool = True,
     725            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     726        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     727            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     728                identifier = (
     729                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     730                    or self._parse_string()
     731                )
     732                self._match_r_paren()
     733                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     734
     735            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     736
     737        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     738            scope = None
     739            scope_kind = None
     740
     741            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     742            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     743            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     744
     745            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     746
     747            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     748
     749            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     750                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     751                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     752                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     753                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     754                    if self._curr:
     755                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     756                elif self._curr:
     757                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     758                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     759
     760            return self.expression(
     761                exp.Show,
     762                **{
     763                    "terse": terse,
     764                    "this": this,
     765                    "history": history,
     766                    "like": like,
     767                    "scope": scope,
     768                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     769                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     770                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     771                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     772                },
     773            )
     774
     775        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     776            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     777            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     778
     779        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     780            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     781            return (
     782                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     783                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     784                else self._parse_table_parts()
     785            )
     786
     787        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     788            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     789
     790            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     791            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     792            # in case of subqueries
     793            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     794                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     795            ):
     796                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     797
     798            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     799
     800        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     801            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     802
     803            if not this:
     804                return this
     805
     806            typ = self._parse_types()
     807
     808            if typ:
     809                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     810
     811            return this
     812
     813        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
     814            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
     815            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
     816                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
     817
     818            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
     819            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
     820
     821    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     822        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     823        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     824        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     825        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     826        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     827
     828        KEYWORDS = {
     829            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     830            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     831            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     832            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     833            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     834            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     835            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     836            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     837            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     838            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     839            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     840            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     841            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     842            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     843            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     844            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     845            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     846            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     847            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     848            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     849            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     850            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     851            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     852        }
     853        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     854
     855        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     856            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     857            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     858        }
     859
     860        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     861
     862        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     863
     864    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     865        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     866        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     867        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     868        JOIN_HINTS = False
     869        TABLE_HINTS = False
     870        QUERY_HINTS = False
     871        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     872        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     873        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     874        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     875        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     876        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     877        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     878        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     879        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     880        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     881        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     882        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     883        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     884        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     885        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     886        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     887
     888        TRANSFORMS = {
     889            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     890            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     891            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     892            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     893            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     894            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     895            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     896            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     897                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     898            ),
     899            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
     900            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     901            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     902            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     903            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     904            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     905            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     906            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     907            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     908            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     909            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     910            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     911            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     912            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     913            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     914            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     915                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     916            ),
     917            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     918                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     919            ),
     920            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     921            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     922            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     923            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     924                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     925            ),
     926            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     927            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     928            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     929            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     930            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     931            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     932            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     933            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     934            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     935            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     936                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     937            ),
     938            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     939            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     940                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     941            ),
     942            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     943                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     944            ),
     945            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     946            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     947            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     948            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     949            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     950            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     951                [
     952                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     953                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     954                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     955                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     956                ]
     957            ),
     958            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     959            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     960            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     961            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
     962                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
     963            ),
     964            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     965            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     966            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     967            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     968            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     969            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     970                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     971            ),
     972            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     973            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     974            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     975            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     976            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     977            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     978            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     979            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     980            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     981                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     982            ),
     983            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
     984                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     985            ),
     986            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     987            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     988            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     989            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     990            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     991            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     992                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     993            ),
     994        }
     995
     996        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     997            exp.JSONPathKey,
     998            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     999            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1000        }
    1001
    1002        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1003            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1004            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1005            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1006        }
    1007
    1008        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1009            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1010            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1011            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1012        }
    1013
    1014        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1015            exp.Map,
    1016            exp.StarMap,
    1017            exp.Struct,
    1018            exp.VarMap,
    1019        }
    1020
    1021        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1022            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1023
    1024        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1025            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1026                values_as_table = False
    1027
    1028            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1029
    1030        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1031            expressions = expression.expressions
    1032            if (
    1033                expressions
    1034                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1035                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1036            ):
    1037                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1038                return "OBJECT"
    1039
    1040            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1041
    1042        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1043            return self.func(
    1044                "TO_NUMBER",
    1045                expression.this,
    1046                expression.args.get("format"),
    1047                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1048                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1049            )
    1050
    1051        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1052            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1053            if milli is not None:
    1054                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1055                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1056
    1057            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1058
    1059        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1060            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1061                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1062            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1063                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1064
    1065            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1066
    1067        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1068            value = expression.this
    1069
    1070            if value.type is None:
    1071                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1072
    1073                value = annotate_types(value)
    1074
    1075            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1076                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1077
    1078            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1079            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1080
    1081        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1082            if not expression.expression:
    1083                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1084
    1085            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1086
    1087        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1088            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1089            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1090
    1091            columns = [
    1092                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1093                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1094                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1095                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1096                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1097                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1098                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1099            ]
    1100
    1101            if unnest_alias:
    1102                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1103            else:
    1104                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1105
    1106            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1107            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1108                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1109
    1110            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1111            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1112            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1113            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1114
    1115        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1116            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1117            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1118            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1119            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1120
    1121            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1122            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1123
    1124            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1125            if scope_kind:
    1126                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1127
    1128            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1129            if starts_with:
    1130                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1131
    1132            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1133
    1134            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1135            if from_:
    1136                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1137
    1138            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1139
    1140        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1141            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1142            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1143            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1144            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1145            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1146            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1147            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1148
    1149        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1150            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1151        ) -> str:
    1152            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1153            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1154            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1155            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1156            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1157
    1158        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1159            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1160
    1161        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1162            keys = []
    1163            values = []
    1164
    1165            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1166                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1167                    keys.append(
    1168                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1169                    )
    1170                    values.append(e.expression)
    1171                else:
    1172                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1173                    values.append(e)
    1174
    1175            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1176
    1177        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1178        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1179            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1180
    1181        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1182            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1183            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1184            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1185            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1186            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1187            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1188            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1189            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1190
    1191            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1192
    1193        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1194            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1195            return self.func(
    1196                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1197            )
    1198
    1199        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1200            return self.sql(
    1201                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1202                    this=expression.this,
    1203                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1204                    unit=expression.unit,
    1205                )
    1206            )
    1207
    1208        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1209            this = expression.this
    1210
    1211            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1212            return self.func(
    1213                "GET_PATH",
    1214                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1215                expression.expression,
    1216            )
    1217
    1218        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1219            this = expression.this
    1220            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1221                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1222
    1223            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1224
    1225        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1226            value = expression.expression
    1227            if value:
    1228                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1229            else:
    1230                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1231
    1232            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1233
    1234        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1235            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1236            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1237            if offset and not limit:
    1238                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1239            return super().select_sql(expression)

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     327class Snowflake(Dialect):
     328    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     329    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     330    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     331    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     332    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     333    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     334    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     335    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     336    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     337    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     338
     339    TIME_MAPPING = {
     340        "YYYY": "%Y",
     341        "yyyy": "%Y",
     342        "YY": "%y",
     343        "yy": "%y",
     344        "MMMM": "%B",
     345        "mmmm": "%B",
     346        "MON": "%b",
     347        "mon": "%b",
     348        "MM": "%m",
     349        "mm": "%m",
     350        "DD": "%d",
     351        "dd": "%-d",
     352        "DY": "%a",
     353        "dy": "%w",
     354        "HH24": "%H",
     355        "hh24": "%H",
     356        "HH12": "%I",
     357        "hh12": "%I",
     358        "MI": "%M",
     359        "mi": "%M",
     360        "SS": "%S",
     361        "ss": "%S",
     362        "FF6": "%f",
     363        "ff6": "%f",
     364    }
     365
     366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     369        if (
     370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     373        ):
     374            return expression  # type: ignore
     375
     376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     377
     378    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
     379        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
     380        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
     381
     382    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     383        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     384        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     385        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     386
     387        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     388            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     389            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     390        }
     391
     392        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     393        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     394
     395        FUNCTIONS = {
     396            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     397            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     398            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     399            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     400                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     401            ),
     402            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     403                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     404                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     405                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     406                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     407            ),
     408            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     409            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     410            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     411            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     412            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     413            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
     414            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     415            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
     416            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
     417            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     418            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     419            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     420            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     421            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     422            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     423                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     424            ),
     425            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     426            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     427                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     428            ),
     429            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     430            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     431                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     432            ),
     433            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     434            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     435            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     436            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     437            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     438            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     439            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     440            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     441            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     442            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     443            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     444            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     445            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     446            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     447            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     448            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     449            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     450            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     451            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     452            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     453            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     454            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
     455            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     456                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     457            ),
     458            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     459            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     460                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     461                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     462                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     463                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     464            ),
     465            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     466            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     467            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     468            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     469            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     470            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     471            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     472        }
     473
     474        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     475            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     476            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     477            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     478        }
     479        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     480
     481        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     482
     483        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     484            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     485            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     486            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     487        }
     488
     489        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     490            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     491            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     492                exp.Set,
     493                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     494                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     495                unset=True,
     496            ),
     497        }
     498
     499        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     500            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     501            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     502        }
     503
     504        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     505            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     506            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     507            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
     508        }
     509
     510        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     511            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     512            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     513        }
     514
     515        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     516            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     517            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     518            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     519            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     520            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     521            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     522            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     523            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     524            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     525            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     526            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     527            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     528            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     529            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     530            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     531            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     532            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     533            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     534            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     535        }
     536
     537        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     538            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     539            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     540            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     541            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     542            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     543        }
     544
     545        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     546            TokenType.DOT,
     547            TokenType.MOD,
     548            TokenType.SLASH,
     549        }
     550
     551        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     552
     553        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     554
     555        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     556
     557        LAMBDAS = {
     558            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     559            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     560                exp.Lambda,
     561                this=self._replace_lambda(
     562                    self._parse_assignment(),
     563                    expressions,
     564                ),
     565                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     566            ),
     567        }
     568
     569        def _negate_range(
     570            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     571        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     572            if not this:
     573                return this
     574
     575            query = this.args.get("query")
     576            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     577                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     578                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     579                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     580                #
     581                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     582                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     583                return self.expression(
     584                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     585                )
     586
     587            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     588
     589        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
     590            return self.expression(
     591                exp.Tags,
     592                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     593            )
     594
     595        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     596            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     597                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     598
     599            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     600                policy = self._parse_column()
     601                return self.expression(
     602                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     603                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     604                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     605                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     606                )
     607            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     608                policy = self._parse_column()
     609                return self.expression(
     610                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     611                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     612                )
     613            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     614                return self._parse_tag()
     615
     616            return None
     617
     618        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
     619            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     620                return self._parse_tag()
     621
     622            return super()._parse_with_property()
     623
     624        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     625            expression = super()._parse_create()
     626            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     627                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     628                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     629
     630            return expression
     631
     632        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     633        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     634        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     635            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     636
     637            if not this:
     638                return None
     639
     640            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     641            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     642            this = map_date_part(this)
     643            name = this.name.upper()
     644
     645            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     646                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     647                    scale = 10**3
     648                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     649                    scale = 10**6
     650                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     651                    scale = 10**9
     652                else:
     653                    scale = None
     654
     655                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     656                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     657
     658                if scale:
     659                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     660
     661                return to_unix
     662
     663            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     664
     665        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     666            if is_map:
     667                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     668                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     669                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     670                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     671
     672            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     673
     674        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     675            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     676            if not lateral:
     677                return lateral
     678
     679            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     680                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     681                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     682                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     683                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     684                elif not table_alias:
     685                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     686
     687            return lateral
     688
     689        def _parse_table_parts(
     690            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     691        ) -> exp.Table:
     692            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     693            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     694                table = self._parse_string()
     695            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     696                table = self._parse_location_path()
     697            else:
     698                table = None
     699
     700            if table:
     701                file_format = None
     702                pattern = None
     703
     704                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     705                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     706                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     707                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     708                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     709                        )
     710                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     711                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     712                    else:
     713                        break
     714
     715                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     716
     717                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     718            else:
     719                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     720
     721            return table
     722
     723        def _parse_id_var(
     724            self,
     725            any_token: bool = True,
     726            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     727        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     728            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     729                identifier = (
     730                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     731                    or self._parse_string()
     732                )
     733                self._match_r_paren()
     734                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     735
     736            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     737
     738        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     739            scope = None
     740            scope_kind = None
     741
     742            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     743            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     744            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     745
     746            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     747
     748            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     749
     750            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     751                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     752                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     753                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     754                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     755                    if self._curr:
     756                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     757                elif self._curr:
     758                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     759                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     760
     761            return self.expression(
     762                exp.Show,
     763                **{
     764                    "terse": terse,
     765                    "this": this,
     766                    "history": history,
     767                    "like": like,
     768                    "scope": scope,
     769                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     770                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     771                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     772                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     773                },
     774            )
     775
     776        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     777            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     778            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     779
     780        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     781            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     782            return (
     783                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     784                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     785                else self._parse_table_parts()
     786            )
     787
     788        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     789            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     790
     791            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     792            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     793            # in case of subqueries
     794            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     795                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     796            ):
     797                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     798
     799            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     800
     801        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     802            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     803
     804            if not this:
     805                return this
     806
     807            typ = self._parse_types()
     808
     809            if typ:
     810                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     811
     812            return this
     813
     814        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
     815            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
     816            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
     817                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
     818
     819            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
     820            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
     821
     822    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     823        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     824        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     825        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     826        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     827        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     828
     829        KEYWORDS = {
     830            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     831            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     832            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     833            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     834            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     835            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     836            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     837            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     838            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     839            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     840            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     841            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     842            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     843            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     844            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     845            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     846            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     847            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     848            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     849            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     850            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     851            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     852            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     853        }
     854        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     855
     856        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     857            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     858            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     859        }
     860
     861        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     862
     863        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     864
     865    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     866        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     867        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     868        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     869        JOIN_HINTS = False
     870        TABLE_HINTS = False
     871        QUERY_HINTS = False
     872        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     873        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     874        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     875        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     876        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     877        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     878        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     879        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     880        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     881        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     882        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     883        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     884        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     885        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     886        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     887        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     888
     889        TRANSFORMS = {
     890            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     891            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     892            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     893            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     894            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     895            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     896            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     897            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     898                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     899            ),
     900            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
     901            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     902            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     903            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     904            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     905            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     906            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     907            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     908            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     909            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     910            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     911            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     912            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     913            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     914            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     915            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     916                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     917            ),
     918            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     919                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     920            ),
     921            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     922            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     923            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     924            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     925                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     926            ),
     927            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     928            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     929            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     930            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     931            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     932            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     933            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     934            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     935            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     936            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     937                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     938            ),
     939            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     940            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     941                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     942            ),
     943            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     944                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     945            ),
     946            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     947            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     948            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     949            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     950            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     951            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     952                [
     953                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     954                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     955                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     956                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     957                ]
     958            ),
     959            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     960            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     961            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     962            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
     963                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
     964            ),
     965            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     966            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     967            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     968            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     969            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     970            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     971                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     972            ),
     973            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     974            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     975            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     976            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     977            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     978            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     979            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     980            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     981            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     982                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     983            ),
     984            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
     985                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     986            ),
     987            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     988            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     989            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     990            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     991            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     992            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     993                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     994            ),
     995        }
     996
     997        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     998            exp.JSONPathKey,
     999            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    1000            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1001        }
    1002
    1003        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1004            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1005            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1006            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1007        }
    1008
    1009        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1010            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1011            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1012            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1013        }
    1014
    1015        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1016            exp.Map,
    1017            exp.StarMap,
    1018            exp.Struct,
    1019            exp.VarMap,
    1020        }
    1021
    1022        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1023            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1024
    1025        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1026            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1027                values_as_table = False
    1028
    1029            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1030
    1031        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1032            expressions = expression.expressions
    1033            if (
    1034                expressions
    1035                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1036                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1037            ):
    1038                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1039                return "OBJECT"
    1040
    1041            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1042
    1043        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1044            return self.func(
    1045                "TO_NUMBER",
    1046                expression.this,
    1047                expression.args.get("format"),
    1048                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1049                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1050            )
    1051
    1052        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1053            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1054            if milli is not None:
    1055                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1056                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1057
    1058            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1059
    1060        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1061            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1062                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1063            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1064                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1065
    1066            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1067
    1068        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1069            value = expression.this
    1070
    1071            if value.type is None:
    1072                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1073
    1074                value = annotate_types(value)
    1075
    1076            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1077                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1078
    1079            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1080            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1081
    1082        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1083            if not expression.expression:
    1084                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1085
    1086            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1087
    1088        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1089            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1090            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1091
    1092            columns = [
    1093                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1094                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1095                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1096                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1097                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1098                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1099                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1100            ]
    1101
    1102            if unnest_alias:
    1103                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1104            else:
    1105                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1106
    1107            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1108            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1109                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1110
    1111            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1112            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1113            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1114            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1115
    1116        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1117            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1118            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1119            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1120            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1121
    1122            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1123            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1124
    1125            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1126            if scope_kind:
    1127                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1128
    1129            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1130            if starts_with:
    1131                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1132
    1133            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1134
    1135            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1136            if from_:
    1137                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1138
    1139            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1140
    1141        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1142            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1143            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1144            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1145            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1146            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1147            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1148            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1149
    1150        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1151            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1152        ) -> str:
    1153            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1154            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1155            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1156            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1157            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1158
    1159        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1160            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1161
    1162        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1163            keys = []
    1164            values = []
    1165
    1166            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1167                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1168                    keys.append(
    1169                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1170                    )
    1171                    values.append(e.expression)
    1172                else:
    1173                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1174                    values.append(e)
    1175
    1176            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1177
    1178        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1179        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1180            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1181
    1182        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1183            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1184            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1185            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1186            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1187            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1188            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1189            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1190            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1191
    1192            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1193
    1194        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1195            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1196            return self.func(
    1197                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1198            )
    1199
    1200        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1201            return self.sql(
    1202                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1203                    this=expression.this,
    1204                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1205                    unit=expression.unit,
    1206                )
    1207            )
    1208
    1209        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1210            this = expression.this
    1211
    1212            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1213            return self.func(
    1214                "GET_PATH",
    1215                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1216                expression.expression,
    1217            )
    1218
    1219        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1220            this = expression.this
    1221            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1222                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1223
    1224            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1225
    1226        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1227            value = expression.expression
    1228            if value:
    1229                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1230            else:
    1231                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1232
    1233            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1234
    1235        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1236            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1237            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1238            if offset and not limit:
    1239                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1240            return super().select_sql(expression)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: Optional[bool] = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    369        if (
    370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    373        ):
    374            return expression  # type: ignore
    375
    376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {'6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {'6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT
  NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer(sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer): View Source

    378    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
    379        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    380        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")

SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '"': <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens
sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer
  KEYWORDS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  STRING_ESCAPES

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    382    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    383        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    384        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    385        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
    386
    387        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    388            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    389            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    390        }
    391
    392        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    393        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    394
    395        FUNCTIONS = {
    396            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    397            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    398            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
    399            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    400                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    401            ),
    402            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    403                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    404                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    405                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    406                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    407            ),
    408            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
    409            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
    410            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
    411            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
    412            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
    413            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
    414            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
    415            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
    416            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
    417            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    418            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    419            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    420            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    421            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    422            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
    423                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
    424            ),
    425            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    426            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    427                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    428            ),
    429            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    430            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    431                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    432            ),
    433            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    434            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    435            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    436            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    437            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    438            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    439            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    440            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    441            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    442            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    443            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    444            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    445            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    446            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    447            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    448            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    449            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    450            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    451            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    452            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
    453            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    454            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
    455            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
    456                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
    457            ),
    458            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    459            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    460                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    461                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    462                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    463                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    464            ),
    465            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    466            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    467            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    468            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    469            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    470            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    471            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    472        }
    473
    474        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    475            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    476            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    477            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    478        }
    479        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    480
    481        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    482
    483        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    484            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    485            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    486            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    487        }
    488
    489        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    490            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    491            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    492                exp.Set,
    493                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    494                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    495                unset=True,
    496            ),
    497        }
    498
    499        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    500            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    501            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    502        }
    503
    504        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    505            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    506            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    507            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
    508        }
    509
    510        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
    511            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    512            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    513        }
    514
    515        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    516            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    517            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    518            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    519            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    520            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    521            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    522            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    523            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    524            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    525            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    526            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    527            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    528            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    529            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    530            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    531            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    532            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    533            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    534            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    535        }
    536
    537        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    538            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    539            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    540            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    541            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    542            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    543        }
    544
    545        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    546            TokenType.DOT,
    547            TokenType.MOD,
    548            TokenType.SLASH,
    549        }
    550
    551        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    552
    553        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    554
    555        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
    556
    557        LAMBDAS = {
    558            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    559            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    560                exp.Lambda,
    561                this=self._replace_lambda(
    562                    self._parse_assignment(),
    563                    expressions,
    564                ),
    565                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    566            ),
    567        }
    568
    569        def _negate_range(
    570            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    571        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    572            if not this:
    573                return this
    574
    575            query = this.args.get("query")
    576            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
    577                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
    578                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
    579                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
    580                #
    581                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
    582                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
    583                return self.expression(
    584                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
    585                )
    586
    587            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
    588
    589        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
    590            return self.expression(
    591                exp.Tags,
    592                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
    593            )
    594
    595        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    596            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
    597                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    598
    599            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
    600                policy = self._parse_column()
    601                return self.expression(
    602                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
    603                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    604                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
    605                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    606                )
    607            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
    608                policy = self._parse_column()
    609                return self.expression(
    610                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
    611                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    612                )
    613            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    614                return self._parse_tag()
    615
    616            return None
    617
    618        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
    619            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    620                return self._parse_tag()
    621
    622            return super()._parse_with_property()
    623
    624        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    625            expression = super()._parse_create()
    626            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
    627                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    628                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    629
    630            return expression
    631
    632        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    633        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    634        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    635            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    636
    637            if not this:
    638                return None
    639
    640            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    641            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    642            this = map_date_part(this)
    643            name = this.name.upper()
    644
    645            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    646                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    647                    scale = 10**3
    648                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    649                    scale = 10**6
    650                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    651                    scale = 10**9
    652                else:
    653                    scale = None
    654
    655                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    656                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    657
    658                if scale:
    659                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    660
    661                return to_unix
    662
    663            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    664
    665        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    666            if is_map:
    667                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    668                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    669                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    670                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    671
    672            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
    673
    674        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    675            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    676            if not lateral:
    677                return lateral
    678
    679            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    680                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    681                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    682                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    683                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    684                elif not table_alias:
    685                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    686
    687            return lateral
    688
    689        def _parse_table_parts(
    690            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    691        ) -> exp.Table:
    692            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    693            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    694                table = self._parse_string()
    695            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    696                table = self._parse_location_path()
    697            else:
    698                table = None
    699
    700            if table:
    701                file_format = None
    702                pattern = None
    703
    704                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    705                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    706                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    707                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    708                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    709                        )
    710                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    711                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    712                    else:
    713                        break
    714
    715                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    716
    717                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    718            else:
    719                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    720
    721            return table
    722
    723        def _parse_id_var(
    724            self,
    725            any_token: bool = True,
    726            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    727        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    728            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    729                identifier = (
    730                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    731                    or self._parse_string()
    732                )
    733                self._match_r_paren()
    734                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    735
    736            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    737
    738        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    739            scope = None
    740            scope_kind = None
    741
    742            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    743            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    744            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    745
    746            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    747
    748            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    749
    750            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    751                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    752                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    753                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    754                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    755                    if self._curr:
    756                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    757                elif self._curr:
    758                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    759                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    760
    761            return self.expression(
    762                exp.Show,
    763                **{
    764                    "terse": terse,
    765                    "this": this,
    766                    "history": history,
    767                    "like": like,
    768                    "scope": scope,
    769                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    770                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    771                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    772                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    773                },
    774            )
    775
    776        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    777            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    778            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    779
    780        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    781            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    782            return (
    783                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
    784                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    785                else self._parse_table_parts()
    786            )
    787
    788        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    789            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    790
    791            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    792            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    793            # in case of subqueries
    794            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    795                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    796            ):
    797                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    798
    799            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    800
    801        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    802            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    803
    804            if not this:
    805                return this
    806
    807            typ = self._parse_types()
    808
    809            if typ:
    810                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    811
    812            return this
    813
    814        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
    815            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
    816            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
    817                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
    818
    819            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
    820            return super()._parse_foreign_key()

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_XOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_OR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITSHIFTLEFT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_SHIFTLEFT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITSHIFTRIGHT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_SHIFTRIGHT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BOOLXOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'EDITDISTANCE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WATERMARK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'UNIQUE KEYS', 'SEQUENCES', 'IMPORTED KEYS', 'VIEWS', 'OBJECTS', 'TABLES'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'STORAGE INTEGRATION', 'TAG', 'WAREHOUSE', 'STREAMLIT'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    822    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    823        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    824        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    825        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    826        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    827        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
    828
    829        KEYWORDS = {
    830            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    831            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    832            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    833            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    834            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    835            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    836            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    837            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    838            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    839            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    840            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    841            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    842            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    843            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    844            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    845            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    846            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    847            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    848            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    849            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    850            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    851            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
    852            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
    853        }
    854        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    855
    856        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    857            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    858            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    859        }
    860
    861        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    862
    863        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     865    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     866        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     867        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     868        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     869        JOIN_HINTS = False
     870        TABLE_HINTS = False
     871        QUERY_HINTS = False
     872        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     873        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     874        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     875        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     876        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     877        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     878        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     879        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     880        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     881        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     882        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     883        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     884        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     885        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     886        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     887        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     888
     889        TRANSFORMS = {
     890            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     891            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     892            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     893            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     894            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     895            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     896            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     897            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     898                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     899            ),
     900            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
     901            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     902            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     903            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     904            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     905            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     906            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     907            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     908            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     909            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     910            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     911            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     912            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     913            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     914            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     915            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     916                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     917            ),
     918            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     919                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     920            ),
     921            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     922            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     923            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     924            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     925                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     926            ),
     927            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     928            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     929            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     930            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     931            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     932            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     933            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     934            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     935            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     936            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     937                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     938            ),
     939            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     940            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     941                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     942            ),
     943            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     944                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     945            ),
     946            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     947            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     948            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     949            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     950            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     951            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     952                [
     953                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     954                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     955                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     956                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     957                ]
     958            ),
     959            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     960            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     961            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     962            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
     963                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
     964            ),
     965            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     966            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     967            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     968            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     969            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     970            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     971                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     972            ),
     973            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     974            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     975            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     976            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     977            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     978            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     979            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     980            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     981            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     982                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     983            ),
     984            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
     985                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     986            ),
     987            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     988            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     989            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     990            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     991            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     992            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     993                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     994            ),
     995        }
     996
     997        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     998            exp.JSONPathKey,
     999            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    1000            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1001        }
    1002
    1003        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1004            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1005            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1006            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1007        }
    1008
    1009        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1010            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1011            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1012            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1013        }
    1014
    1015        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1016            exp.Map,
    1017            exp.StarMap,
    1018            exp.Struct,
    1019            exp.VarMap,
    1020        }
    1021
    1022        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1023            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1024
    1025        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1026            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1027                values_as_table = False
    1028
    1029            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1030
    1031        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1032            expressions = expression.expressions
    1033            if (
    1034                expressions
    1035                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1036                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1037            ):
    1038                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1039                return "OBJECT"
    1040
    1041            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1042
    1043        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1044            return self.func(
    1045                "TO_NUMBER",
    1046                expression.this,
    1047                expression.args.get("format"),
    1048                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1049                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1050            )
    1051
    1052        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1053            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1054            if milli is not None:
    1055                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1056                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1057
    1058            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1059
    1060        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1061            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1062                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1063            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1064                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1065
    1066            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1067
    1068        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1069            value = expression.this
    1070
    1071            if value.type is None:
    1072                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1073
    1074                value = annotate_types(value)
    1075
    1076            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1077                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1078
    1079            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1080            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1081
    1082        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1083            if not expression.expression:
    1084                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1085
    1086            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1087
    1088        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1089            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1090            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1091
    1092            columns = [
    1093                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1094                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1095                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1096                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1097                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1098                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1099                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1100            ]
    1101
    1102            if unnest_alias:
    1103                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1104            else:
    1105                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1106
    1107            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1108            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1109                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1110
    1111            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1112            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1113            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1114            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1115
    1116        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1117            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1118            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1119            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1120            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1121
    1122            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1123            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1124
    1125            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1126            if scope_kind:
    1127                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1128
    1129            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1130            if starts_with:
    1131                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1132
    1133            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1134
    1135            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1136            if from_:
    1137                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1138
    1139            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1140
    1141        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1142            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1143            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1144            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1145            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1146            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1147            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1148            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1149
    1150        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1151            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1152        ) -> str:
    1153            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1154            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1155            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1156            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1157            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1158
    1159        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1160            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1161
    1162        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1163            keys = []
    1164            values = []
    1165
    1166            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1167                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1168                    keys.append(
    1169                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1170                    )
    1171                    values.append(e.expression)
    1172                else:
    1173                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1174                    values.append(e)
    1175
    1176            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1177
    1178        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1179        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1180            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1181
    1182        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1183            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1184            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1185            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1186            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1187            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1188            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1189            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1190            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1191
    1192            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1193
    1194        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1195            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1196            return self.func(
    1197                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1198            )
    1199
    1200        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1201            return self.sql(
    1202                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1203                    this=expression.this,
    1204                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1205                    unit=expression.unit,
    1206                )
    1207            )
    1208
    1209        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1210            this = expression.this
    1211
    1212            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1213            return self.func(
    1214                "GET_PATH",
    1215                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1216                expression.expression,
    1217            )
    1218
    1219        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1220            this = expression.this
    1221            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1222                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1223
    1224            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1225
    1226        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1227            value = expression.expression
    1228            if value:
    1229                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1230            else:
    1231                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1232
    1233            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1234
    1235        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1236            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1237            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1238            if offset and not limit:
    1239                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1240            return super().select_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'ARRAY_SIZE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function timestampdiff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>: <function no_make_interval_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    1022        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1023            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    1025        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1026            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1027                values_as_table = False
    1028
    1029            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    1031        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1032            expressions = expression.expressions
    1033            if (
    1034                expressions
    1035                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1036                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1037            ):
    1038                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1039                return "OBJECT"
    1040
    1041            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    1043        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1044            return self.func(
    1045                "TO_NUMBER",
    1046                expression.this,
    1047                expression.args.get("format"),
    1048                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1049                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1050            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    1052        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1053            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1054            if milli is not None:
    1055                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1056                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1057
    1058            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    1060        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1061            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1062                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1063            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1064                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1065
    1066            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    1068        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1069            value = expression.this
    1070
    1071            if value.type is None:
    1072                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1073
    1074                value = annotate_types(value)
    1075
    1076            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1077                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1078
    1079            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1080            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    1082        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1083            if not expression.expression:
    1084                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1085
    1086            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    1088        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1089            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1090            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1091
    1092            columns = [
    1093                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1094                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1095                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1096                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1097                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1098                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1099                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1100            ]
    1101
    1102            if unnest_alias:
    1103                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1104            else:
    1105                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1106
    1107            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1108            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1109                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1110
    1111            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1112            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1113            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1114            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    1116        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1117            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1118            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1119            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1120            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1121
    1122            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1123            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1124
    1125            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1126            if scope_kind:
    1127                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1128
    1129            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1130            if starts_with:
    1131                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1132
    1133            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1134
    1135            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1136            if from_:
    1137                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1138
    1139            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    1141        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1142            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1143            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1144            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1145            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1146            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1147            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1148            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1150        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1151            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1152        ) -> str:
    1153            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1154            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1155            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1156            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1157            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1159        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1160            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1162        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1163            keys = []
    1164            values = []
    1165
    1166            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1167                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1168                    keys.append(
    1169                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1170                    )
    1171                    values.append(e.expression)
    1172                else:
    1173                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1174                    values.append(e)
    1175
    1176            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

@unsupported_args('weight', 'accuracy')
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1178        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1179        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1180            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    1182        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1183            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1184            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1185            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1186            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1187            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1188            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1189            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1190            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1191
    1192            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

def strtotime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime): View Source

    1194        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1195            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1196            return self.func(
    1197                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1198            )

def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub): View Source

    1200        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1201            return self.sql(
    1202                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1203                    this=expression.this,
    1204                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1205                    unit=expression.unit,
    1206                )
    1207            )

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract): View Source

    1209        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1210            this = expression.this
    1211
    1212            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1213            return self.func(
    1214                "GET_PATH",
    1215                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1216                expression.expression,
    1217            )

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    1219        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1220            this = expression.this
    1221            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1222                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1223
    1224            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

def datesub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DateSub) -> str: View Source

    1226        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1227            value = expression.expression
    1228            if value:
    1229                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1230            else:
    1231                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1232
    1233            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)

def select_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Select) -> str: View Source

    1235        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1236            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1237            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1238            if offset and not limit:
    1239                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1240            return super().select_sql(expression)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
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