sqlglot.dialects.tsql
1from __future__ import annotations 2 3import datetime 4import re 5import typing as t 6 7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import ( 9 Dialect, 10 NormalizationStrategy, 11 any_value_to_max_sql, 12 date_delta_sql, 13 generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 14 max_or_greatest, 15 min_or_least, 16 parse_date_delta, 17 path_to_jsonpath, 18 rename_func, 19 timestrtotime_sql, 20 trim_sql, 21) 22from sqlglot.expressions import DataType 23from sqlglot.helper import seq_get 24from sqlglot.time import format_time 25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType 26 27if t.TYPE_CHECKING: 28 from sqlglot._typing import E 29 30FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 31 "weekday": "%A", 32 "dw": "%A", 33 "w": "%A", 34 "month": "%B", 35 "mm": "%B", 36 "m": "%B", 37} 38 39DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = { 40 "year": "year", 41 "yyyy": "year", 42 "yy": "year", 43 "quarter": "quarter", 44 "qq": "quarter", 45 "q": "quarter", 46 "month": "month", 47 "mm": "month", 48 "m": "month", 49 "week": "week", 50 "ww": "week", 51 "wk": "week", 52 "day": "day", 53 "dd": "day", 54 "d": "day", 55} 56 57 58DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})") 59 60# N = Numeric, C=Currency 61TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"} 62 63DEFAULT_START_DATE = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1) 64 65BIT_TYPES = {exp.EQ, exp.NEQ, exp.Is, exp.In, exp.Select, exp.Alias} 66 67 68def _format_time_lambda( 69 exp_class: t.Type[E], full_format_mapping: t.Optional[bool] = None 70) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 71 def _format_time(args: t.List) -> E: 72 assert len(args) == 2 73 74 return exp_class( 75 this=exp.cast(args[1], "datetime"), 76 format=exp.Literal.string( 77 format_time( 78 args[0].name.lower(), 79 {**TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING} 80 if full_format_mapping 81 else TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, 82 ) 83 ), 84 ) 85 86 return _format_time 87 88 89def _parse_format(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 90 this = seq_get(args, 0) 91 fmt = seq_get(args, 1) 92 culture = seq_get(args, 2) 93 94 number_fmt = fmt and (fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.name)) 95 96 if number_fmt: 97 return exp.NumberToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 98 99 if fmt: 100 fmt = exp.Literal.string( 101 format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING) 102 if len(fmt.name) == 1 103 else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.TIME_MAPPING) 104 ) 105 106 return exp.TimeToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 107 108 109def _parse_eomonth(args: t.List) -> exp.LastDay: 110 date = exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)) 111 month_lag = seq_get(args, 1) 112 113 if month_lag is None: 114 this: exp.Expression = date 115 else: 116 unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month") 117 this = exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit and exp.var(unit)) 118 119 return exp.LastDay(this=this) 120 121 122def _parse_hashbytes(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 123 kind, data = args 124 kind = kind.name.upper() if kind.is_string else "" 125 126 if kind == "MD5": 127 args.pop(0) 128 return exp.MD5(this=data) 129 if kind in ("SHA", "SHA1"): 130 args.pop(0) 131 return exp.SHA(this=data) 132 if kind == "SHA2_256": 133 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(256)) 134 if kind == "SHA2_512": 135 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(512)) 136 137 return exp.func("HASHBYTES", *args) 138 139 140DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS = {"DW", "HOUR", "QUARTER"} 141 142 143def _format_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr) -> str: 144 fmt = expression.args["format"] 145 146 if not isinstance(expression, exp.NumberToStr): 147 if fmt.is_string: 148 mapped_fmt = format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING) 149 150 name = (mapped_fmt or "").upper() 151 if name in DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS: 152 return self.func("DATEPART", name, expression.this) 153 154 fmt_sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(mapped_fmt)) 155 else: 156 fmt_sql = self.format_time(expression) or self.sql(fmt) 157 else: 158 fmt_sql = self.sql(fmt) 159 160 return self.func("FORMAT", expression.this, fmt_sql, expression.args.get("culture")) 161 162 163def _string_agg_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str: 164 this = expression.this 165 distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct) 166 if distinct: 167 # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression 168 self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.") 169 this = distinct.pop().expressions[0] 170 171 order = "" 172 if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order): 173 if expression.this.this: 174 this = expression.this.this.pop() 175 order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(expression.this)[1:]})" # Order has a leading space 176 177 separator = expression.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",") 178 return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}" 179 180 181def _parse_date_delta( 182 exp_class: t.Type[E], unit_mapping: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None 183) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 184 def inner_func(args: t.List) -> E: 185 unit = seq_get(args, 0) 186 if unit and unit_mapping: 187 unit = exp.var(unit_mapping.get(unit.name.lower(), unit.name)) 188 189 start_date = seq_get(args, 1) 190 if start_date and start_date.is_number: 191 # Numeric types are valid DATETIME values 192 if start_date.is_int: 193 adds = DEFAULT_START_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=int(start_date.this)) 194 start_date = exp.Literal.string(adds.strftime("%F")) 195 else: 196 # We currently don't handle float values, i.e. they're not converted to equivalent DATETIMEs. 197 # This is not a problem when generating T-SQL code, it is when transpiling to other dialects. 198 return exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=start_date, unit=unit) 199 200 return exp_class( 201 this=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 2)), 202 expression=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=start_date), 203 unit=unit, 204 ) 205 206 return inner_func 207 208 209def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression: 210 """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.""" 211 alias = expression.args.get("alias") 212 213 if ( 214 isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery)) 215 and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) 216 and not alias.columns 217 ): 218 from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs 219 220 # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions 221 # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases 222 # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents 223 subqueryable = expression.this 224 unaliased_column_indexes = ( 225 i 226 for i, c in enumerate(subqueryable.selects) 227 if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias 228 ) 229 230 qualify_outputs(subqueryable) 231 232 # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes 233 subqueryable_selects = subqueryable.selects 234 for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes: 235 alias = subqueryable_selects[select_index] 236 column = alias.this 237 if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier): 238 alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted) 239 240 return expression 241 242 243# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/datetimefromparts-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 244def _parse_datetimefromparts(args: t.List) -> exp.TimestampFromParts: 245 return exp.TimestampFromParts( 246 year=seq_get(args, 0), 247 month=seq_get(args, 1), 248 day=seq_get(args, 2), 249 hour=seq_get(args, 3), 250 min=seq_get(args, 4), 251 sec=seq_get(args, 5), 252 milli=seq_get(args, 6), 253 ) 254 255 256# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/timefromparts-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 257def _parse_timefromparts(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeFromParts: 258 return exp.TimeFromParts( 259 hour=seq_get(args, 0), 260 min=seq_get(args, 1), 261 sec=seq_get(args, 2), 262 fractions=seq_get(args, 3), 263 precision=seq_get(args, 4), 264 ) 265 266 267class TSQL(Dialect): 268 NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE 269 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 270 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 271 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 272 TYPED_DIVISION = True 273 CONCAT_COALESCE = True 274 275 TIME_MAPPING = { 276 "year": "%Y", 277 "dayofyear": "%j", 278 "day": "%d", 279 "dy": "%d", 280 "y": "%Y", 281 "week": "%W", 282 "ww": "%W", 283 "wk": "%W", 284 "hour": "%h", 285 "hh": "%I", 286 "minute": "%M", 287 "mi": "%M", 288 "n": "%M", 289 "second": "%S", 290 "ss": "%S", 291 "s": "%-S", 292 "millisecond": "%f", 293 "ms": "%f", 294 "weekday": "%W", 295 "dw": "%W", 296 "month": "%m", 297 "mm": "%M", 298 "m": "%-M", 299 "Y": "%Y", 300 "YYYY": "%Y", 301 "YY": "%y", 302 "MMMM": "%B", 303 "MMM": "%b", 304 "MM": "%m", 305 "M": "%-m", 306 "dddd": "%A", 307 "dd": "%d", 308 "d": "%-d", 309 "HH": "%H", 310 "H": "%-H", 311 "h": "%-I", 312 "S": "%f", 313 "yyyy": "%Y", 314 "yy": "%y", 315 } 316 317 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 318 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 319 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 320 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 321 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 322 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 323 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 324 "6": "%d %b %y", 325 "7": "%b %d, %y", 326 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 327 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 328 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 329 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 330 "12": "yymmdd", 331 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 332 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 333 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 334 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 335 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 336 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 337 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 338 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 339 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 340 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 341 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 342 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 343 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 344 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 345 "106": "%d %b %Y", 346 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 347 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 348 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 349 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 350 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 351 "112": "%Y%m%d", 352 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 353 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 354 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 355 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 356 } 357 358 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 359 "y": "%B %Y", 360 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 361 "H": "%-H", 362 "h": "%-I", 363 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 364 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 365 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 366 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 367 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 368 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 369 "M": "%B %-d", 370 "m": "%B %-d", 371 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 372 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 373 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 374 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 375 "t": "%-I:%M", 376 "Y": "%a %Y", 377 } 378 379 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 380 IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"'] 381 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 382 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 383 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 384 385 KEYWORDS = { 386 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 387 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 388 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 389 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 390 "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND, 391 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 392 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 393 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 394 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 395 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 396 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 397 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 398 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 399 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 400 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 401 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 402 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 403 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 404 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 405 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 406 "XML": TokenType.XML, 407 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 408 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 409 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 410 } 411 412 class Parser(parser.Parser): 413 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 414 415 FUNCTIONS = { 416 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 417 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 418 this=seq_get(args, 1), 419 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 420 position=seq_get(args, 2), 421 ), 422 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 423 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 424 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 425 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 426 "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _parse_datetimefromparts, 427 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 428 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 429 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 430 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 431 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 432 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 433 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 434 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 435 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 436 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 437 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 438 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 439 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 440 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 441 "TIMEFROMPARTS": _parse_timefromparts, 442 } 443 444 JOIN_HINTS = { 445 "LOOP", 446 "HASH", 447 "MERGE", 448 "REMOTE", 449 } 450 451 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 452 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 453 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 454 DataType.Type.CHAR, 455 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 456 } 457 458 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 459 TokenType.TABLE, 460 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 461 } 462 463 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 464 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 465 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 466 } 467 468 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 469 470 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 471 STRING_ALIASES = True 472 473 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 474 """ 475 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 476 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 477 478 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 479 """ 480 return [ 481 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 482 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 483 else projection 484 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 485 ] 486 487 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 488 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 489 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 490 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 491 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 492 493 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 494 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 495 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 496 """ 497 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 498 499 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 500 this = self._parse_id_var() 501 502 if rollback: 503 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 504 505 durability = None 506 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 507 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 508 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 509 510 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 511 durability = False 512 else: 513 self._match(TokenType.ON) 514 durability = True 515 516 self._match_r_paren() 517 518 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 519 520 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 521 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 522 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 523 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 524 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 525 ] 526 """ 527 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 528 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 529 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 530 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 531 532 return transaction 533 534 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 535 536 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 537 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 538 returns = super()._parse_returns() 539 returns.set("table", table) 540 return returns 541 542 def _parse_convert( 543 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 544 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 545 to = self._parse_types() 546 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 547 this = self._parse_conjunction() 548 549 if not to or not this: 550 return None 551 552 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 553 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 554 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 555 556 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 557 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 558 format_val = self._parse_number() 559 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 560 561 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 562 raise ValueError( 563 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 564 ) 565 566 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 567 568 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 569 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 570 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 571 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 572 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 573 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 574 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 575 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 576 return self.expression( 577 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 578 to=to, 579 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 580 safe=safe, 581 ) 582 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 583 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 584 585 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 586 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 587 588 def _parse_user_defined_function( 589 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 590 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 591 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 592 593 if ( 594 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 595 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 596 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 597 ): 598 return this 599 600 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 601 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 602 603 def _parse_id_var( 604 self, 605 any_token: bool = True, 606 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 607 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 608 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 609 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 610 611 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 612 if this: 613 if is_global: 614 this.set("global", True) 615 elif is_temporary: 616 this.set("temporary", True) 617 618 return this 619 620 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 621 create = super()._parse_create() 622 623 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 624 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 625 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 626 if not create.args.get("properties"): 627 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 628 629 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 630 631 return create 632 633 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 634 index = self._index 635 636 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 637 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 638 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 639 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 640 self._retreat(index) 641 642 return super()._parse_if() 643 644 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 645 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 646 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 647 else: 648 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 649 650 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 651 652 class Generator(generator.Generator): 653 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 654 QUERY_HINTS = False 655 RETURNING_END = False 656 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 657 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 658 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 659 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 660 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 661 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 662 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 663 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 664 TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE" 665 666 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 667 exp.Delete, 668 exp.Insert, 669 exp.Merge, 670 exp.Select, 671 exp.Subquery, 672 exp.Union, 673 exp.Update, 674 } 675 676 TYPE_MAPPING = { 677 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 678 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 679 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 680 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 681 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 682 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 683 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 684 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 685 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 686 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 687 } 688 689 TRANSFORMS = { 690 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 691 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 692 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 693 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 694 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 695 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 696 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 697 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 698 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 699 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 700 exp.GetPath: path_to_jsonpath("JSON_VALUE"), 701 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 702 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 703 exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this), 704 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 705 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 706 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 707 exp.Min: min_or_least, 708 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 709 exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"), 710 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 711 [ 712 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 713 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 714 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 715 ] 716 ), 717 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 718 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 719 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 720 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 721 ), 722 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 723 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 724 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 725 exp.Trim: trim_sql, 726 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 727 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 728 } 729 730 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 731 732 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 733 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 734 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 735 } 736 737 def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str: 738 cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply") 739 if cross_apply is True: 740 return "CROSS APPLY" 741 if cross_apply is False: 742 return "OUTER APPLY" 743 744 # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately 745 self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.") 746 return "LATERAL" 747 748 def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str: 749 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 750 if nano is not None: 751 nano.pop() 752 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.") 753 754 if expression.args.get("fractions") is None: 755 expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0)) 756 if expression.args.get("precision") is None: 757 expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0)) 758 759 return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 760 761 def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str: 762 zone = expression.args.get("zone") 763 if zone is not None: 764 zone.pop() 765 self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 766 767 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 768 if nano is not None: 769 nano.pop() 770 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 771 772 if expression.args.get("milli") is None: 773 expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0)) 774 775 return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 776 777 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 778 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 779 if limit: 780 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 781 782 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 783 784 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 785 this = expression.this 786 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 787 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 788 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 789 790 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 791 792 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 793 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 794 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 795 796 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 797 798 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 799 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 800 return self.binary(expression, "=") 801 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 802 803 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 804 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 805 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 806 807 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 808 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 809 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 810 ): 811 sql = f"#{sql}" 812 813 return sql 814 815 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 816 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 817 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 818 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 819 820 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 821 822 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 823 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 824 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 825 if ctas_with: 826 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 827 828 subquery = expression.expression 829 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 830 subquery = subquery.subquery() 831 832 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 833 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 834 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 835 836 sql = self.sql(select_into) 837 838 if exists: 839 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 840 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 841 if kind == "SCHEMA": 842 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 843 elif kind == "TABLE": 844 assert table 845 where = exp.and_( 846 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 847 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 848 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 849 ) 850 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 851 elif kind == "INDEX": 852 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 853 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 854 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 855 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 856 857 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 858 859 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 860 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 861 862 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 863 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 864 this = f"FOR {name}" 865 expr = expression.expression 866 kind = expression.text("kind") 867 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 868 args = expr.expressions 869 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 870 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 871 else: 872 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 873 874 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 875 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 876 877 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 878 table = expression.args.get("table") 879 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 880 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 881 882 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 883 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 884 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 885 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 886 887 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 888 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 889 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 890 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 891 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 892 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 893 894 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 895 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 896 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 897 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 898 durability = ( 899 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 900 if durability is not None 901 else "" 902 ) 903 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 904 905 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 906 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 907 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 908 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 909 910 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 911 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 912 913 if expression.args.get("global"): 914 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 915 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 916 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 917 918 return identifier 919 920 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 921 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 922 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 923 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'weekday': '%A', 'dw': '%A', 'w': '%A', 'month': '%B', 'mm': '%B', 'm': '%B'}
DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL =
{'year': 'year', 'yyyy': 'year', 'yy': 'year', 'quarter': 'quarter', 'qq': 'quarter', 'q': 'quarter', 'month': 'month', 'mm': 'month', 'm': 'month', 'week': 'week', 'ww': 'week', 'wk': 'week', 'day': 'day', 'dd': 'day', 'd': 'day'}
DATE_FMT_RE =
re.compile('([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})')
TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT =
{'N', 'C'}
DEFAULT_START_DATE =
datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
BIT_TYPES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>}
DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS =
{'QUARTER', 'DW', 'HOUR'}
def
qualify_derived_table_outputs( expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> sqlglot.expressions.Expression:
210def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression: 211 """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.""" 212 alias = expression.args.get("alias") 213 214 if ( 215 isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery)) 216 and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) 217 and not alias.columns 218 ): 219 from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs 220 221 # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions 222 # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases 223 # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents 224 subqueryable = expression.this 225 unaliased_column_indexes = ( 226 i 227 for i, c in enumerate(subqueryable.selects) 228 if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias 229 ) 230 231 qualify_outputs(subqueryable) 232 233 # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes 234 subqueryable_selects = subqueryable.selects 235 for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes: 236 alias = subqueryable_selects[select_index] 237 column = alias.this 238 if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier): 239 alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted) 240 241 return expression
Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.
268class TSQL(Dialect): 269 NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE 270 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 271 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 272 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 273 TYPED_DIVISION = True 274 CONCAT_COALESCE = True 275 276 TIME_MAPPING = { 277 "year": "%Y", 278 "dayofyear": "%j", 279 "day": "%d", 280 "dy": "%d", 281 "y": "%Y", 282 "week": "%W", 283 "ww": "%W", 284 "wk": "%W", 285 "hour": "%h", 286 "hh": "%I", 287 "minute": "%M", 288 "mi": "%M", 289 "n": "%M", 290 "second": "%S", 291 "ss": "%S", 292 "s": "%-S", 293 "millisecond": "%f", 294 "ms": "%f", 295 "weekday": "%W", 296 "dw": "%W", 297 "month": "%m", 298 "mm": "%M", 299 "m": "%-M", 300 "Y": "%Y", 301 "YYYY": "%Y", 302 "YY": "%y", 303 "MMMM": "%B", 304 "MMM": "%b", 305 "MM": "%m", 306 "M": "%-m", 307 "dddd": "%A", 308 "dd": "%d", 309 "d": "%-d", 310 "HH": "%H", 311 "H": "%-H", 312 "h": "%-I", 313 "S": "%f", 314 "yyyy": "%Y", 315 "yy": "%y", 316 } 317 318 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 319 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 320 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 321 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 322 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 323 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 324 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 325 "6": "%d %b %y", 326 "7": "%b %d, %y", 327 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 328 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 329 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 330 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 331 "12": "yymmdd", 332 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 333 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 334 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 335 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 336 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 337 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 338 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 339 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 340 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 341 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 342 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 343 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 344 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 345 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 346 "106": "%d %b %Y", 347 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 348 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 349 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 350 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 351 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 352 "112": "%Y%m%d", 353 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 354 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 355 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 356 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 357 } 358 359 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 360 "y": "%B %Y", 361 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 362 "H": "%-H", 363 "h": "%-I", 364 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 365 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 366 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 367 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 368 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 369 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 370 "M": "%B %-d", 371 "m": "%B %-d", 372 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 373 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 374 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 375 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 376 "t": "%-I:%M", 377 "Y": "%a %Y", 378 } 379 380 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 381 IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"'] 382 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 383 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 384 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 385 386 KEYWORDS = { 387 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 388 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 389 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 390 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 391 "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND, 392 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 393 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 394 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 395 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 396 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 397 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 398 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 399 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 400 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 401 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 402 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 403 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 404 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 405 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 406 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 407 "XML": TokenType.XML, 408 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 409 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 410 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 411 } 412 413 class Parser(parser.Parser): 414 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 415 416 FUNCTIONS = { 417 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 418 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 419 this=seq_get(args, 1), 420 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 421 position=seq_get(args, 2), 422 ), 423 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 424 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 425 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 426 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 427 "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _parse_datetimefromparts, 428 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 429 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 430 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 431 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 432 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 433 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 434 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 435 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 436 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 437 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 438 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 439 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 440 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 441 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 442 "TIMEFROMPARTS": _parse_timefromparts, 443 } 444 445 JOIN_HINTS = { 446 "LOOP", 447 "HASH", 448 "MERGE", 449 "REMOTE", 450 } 451 452 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 453 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 454 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 455 DataType.Type.CHAR, 456 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 457 } 458 459 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 460 TokenType.TABLE, 461 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 462 } 463 464 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 465 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 466 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 467 } 468 469 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 470 471 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 472 STRING_ALIASES = True 473 474 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 475 """ 476 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 477 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 478 479 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 480 """ 481 return [ 482 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 483 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 484 else projection 485 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 486 ] 487 488 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 489 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 490 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 491 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 492 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 493 494 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 495 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 496 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 497 """ 498 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 499 500 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 501 this = self._parse_id_var() 502 503 if rollback: 504 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 505 506 durability = None 507 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 508 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 509 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 510 511 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 512 durability = False 513 else: 514 self._match(TokenType.ON) 515 durability = True 516 517 self._match_r_paren() 518 519 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 520 521 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 522 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 523 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 524 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 525 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 526 ] 527 """ 528 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 529 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 530 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 531 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 532 533 return transaction 534 535 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 536 537 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 538 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 539 returns = super()._parse_returns() 540 returns.set("table", table) 541 return returns 542 543 def _parse_convert( 544 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 545 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 546 to = self._parse_types() 547 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 548 this = self._parse_conjunction() 549 550 if not to or not this: 551 return None 552 553 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 554 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 555 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 556 557 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 558 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 559 format_val = self._parse_number() 560 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 561 562 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 563 raise ValueError( 564 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 565 ) 566 567 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 568 569 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 570 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 571 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 572 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 573 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 574 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 575 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 576 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 577 return self.expression( 578 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 579 to=to, 580 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 581 safe=safe, 582 ) 583 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 584 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 585 586 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 587 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 588 589 def _parse_user_defined_function( 590 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 591 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 592 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 593 594 if ( 595 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 596 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 597 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 598 ): 599 return this 600 601 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 602 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 603 604 def _parse_id_var( 605 self, 606 any_token: bool = True, 607 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 608 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 609 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 610 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 611 612 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 613 if this: 614 if is_global: 615 this.set("global", True) 616 elif is_temporary: 617 this.set("temporary", True) 618 619 return this 620 621 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 622 create = super()._parse_create() 623 624 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 625 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 626 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 627 if not create.args.get("properties"): 628 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 629 630 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 631 632 return create 633 634 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 635 index = self._index 636 637 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 638 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 639 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 640 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 641 self._retreat(index) 642 643 return super()._parse_if() 644 645 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 646 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 647 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 648 else: 649 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 650 651 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 652 653 class Generator(generator.Generator): 654 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 655 QUERY_HINTS = False 656 RETURNING_END = False 657 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 658 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 659 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 660 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 661 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 662 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 663 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 664 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 665 TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE" 666 667 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 668 exp.Delete, 669 exp.Insert, 670 exp.Merge, 671 exp.Select, 672 exp.Subquery, 673 exp.Union, 674 exp.Update, 675 } 676 677 TYPE_MAPPING = { 678 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 679 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 680 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 681 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 682 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 683 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 684 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 685 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 686 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 687 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 688 } 689 690 TRANSFORMS = { 691 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 692 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 693 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 694 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 695 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 696 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 697 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 698 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 699 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 700 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 701 exp.GetPath: path_to_jsonpath("JSON_VALUE"), 702 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 703 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 704 exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this), 705 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 706 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 707 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 708 exp.Min: min_or_least, 709 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 710 exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"), 711 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 712 [ 713 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 714 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 715 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 716 ] 717 ), 718 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 719 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 720 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 721 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 722 ), 723 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 724 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 725 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 726 exp.Trim: trim_sql, 727 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 728 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 729 } 730 731 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 732 733 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 734 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 735 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 736 } 737 738 def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str: 739 cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply") 740 if cross_apply is True: 741 return "CROSS APPLY" 742 if cross_apply is False: 743 return "OUTER APPLY" 744 745 # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately 746 self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.") 747 return "LATERAL" 748 749 def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str: 750 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 751 if nano is not None: 752 nano.pop() 753 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.") 754 755 if expression.args.get("fractions") is None: 756 expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0)) 757 if expression.args.get("precision") is None: 758 expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0)) 759 760 return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 761 762 def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str: 763 zone = expression.args.get("zone") 764 if zone is not None: 765 zone.pop() 766 self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 767 768 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 769 if nano is not None: 770 nano.pop() 771 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 772 773 if expression.args.get("milli") is None: 774 expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0)) 775 776 return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 777 778 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 779 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 780 if limit: 781 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 782 783 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 784 785 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 786 this = expression.this 787 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 788 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 789 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 790 791 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 792 793 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 794 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 795 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 796 797 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 798 799 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 800 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 801 return self.binary(expression, "=") 802 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 803 804 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 805 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 806 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 807 808 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 809 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 810 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 811 ): 812 sql = f"#{sql}" 813 814 return sql 815 816 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 817 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 818 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 819 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 820 821 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 822 823 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 824 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 825 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 826 if ctas_with: 827 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 828 829 subquery = expression.expression 830 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 831 subquery = subquery.subquery() 832 833 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 834 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 835 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 836 837 sql = self.sql(select_into) 838 839 if exists: 840 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 841 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 842 if kind == "SCHEMA": 843 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 844 elif kind == "TABLE": 845 assert table 846 where = exp.and_( 847 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 848 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 849 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 850 ) 851 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 852 elif kind == "INDEX": 853 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 854 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 855 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 856 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 857 858 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 859 860 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 861 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 862 863 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 864 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 865 this = f"FOR {name}" 866 expr = expression.expression 867 kind = expression.text("kind") 868 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 869 args = expr.expressions 870 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 871 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 872 else: 873 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 874 875 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 876 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 877 878 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 879 table = expression.args.get("table") 880 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 881 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 882 883 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 884 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 885 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 886 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 887 888 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 889 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 890 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 891 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 892 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 893 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 894 895 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 896 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 897 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 898 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 899 durability = ( 900 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 901 if durability is not None 902 else "" 903 ) 904 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 905 906 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 907 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 908 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 909 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 910 911 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 912 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 913 914 if expression.args.get("global"): 915 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 916 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 917 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 918 919 return identifier 920 921 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 922 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 923 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 924 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY =
<NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>
Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.
TYPED_DIVISION =
True
Whether the behavior of a / b
depends on the types of a
and b
.
False means a / b
is always float division.
True means a / b
is integer division if both a
and b
are integers.
CONCAT_COALESCE =
True
A NULL
arg in CONCAT
yields NULL
by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'year': '%Y', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%W', 'dw': '%W', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dddd': '%A', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'S': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}
Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime
format.
CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING =
{'0': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '1': '%m/%d/%y', '2': '%y.%m.%d', '3': '%d/%m/%y', '4': '%d.%m.%y', '5': '%d-%m-%y', '6': '%d %b %y', '7': '%b %d, %y', '8': '%H:%M:%S', '9': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '10': 'mm-dd-yy', '11': 'yy/mm/dd', '12': 'yymmdd', '13': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f', '14': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '20': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '21': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '22': '%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p', '23': '%Y-%m-%d', '24': '%H:%M:%S', '25': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '100': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '101': '%m/%d/%Y', '102': '%Y.%m.%d', '103': '%d/%m/%Y', '104': '%d.%m.%Y', '105': '%d-%m-%Y', '106': '%d %b %Y', '107': '%b %d, %Y', '108': '%H:%M:%S', '109': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '110': '%m-%d-%Y', '111': '%Y/%m/%d', '112': '%Y%m%d', '113': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f', '114': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '120': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '121': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'}
FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'y': '%B %Y', 'd': '%m/%d/%Y', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 's': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'D': '%A,%B,%Y', 'f': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p', 'F': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'g': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p', 'G': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'M': '%B %-d', 'm': '%B %-d', 'O': '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', 'u': '%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z', 'U': '%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z', 'T': '%-I:%M:%S %p', 't': '%-I:%M', 'Y': '%a %Y'}
tokenizer_class =
<class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
parser_class =
<class 'TSQL.Parser'>
generator_class =
<class 'TSQL.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'%Y': 'yyyy', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'dw', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'S', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%A': 'dddd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
- Dialect
- INDEX_OFFSET
- WEEK_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
- IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
- DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- NULL_ORDERING
- SAFE_DIVISION
- DATE_FORMAT
- DATEINT_FORMAT
- FORMAT_MAPPING
- ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
- PSEUDOCOLUMNS
- PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
- get_or_raise
- format_time
- normalize_identifier
- case_sensitive
- can_identify
- quote_identifier
- parse
- parse_into
- generate
- transpile
- tokenize
- tokenizer
- parser
- generator
380 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 381 IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"'] 382 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 383 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 384 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 385 386 KEYWORDS = { 387 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 388 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 389 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 390 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 391 "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND, 392 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 393 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 394 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 395 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 396 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 397 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 398 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 399 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 400 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 401 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 402 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 403 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 404 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 405 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 406 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 407 "XML": TokenType.XML, 408 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 409 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 410 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 411 }
KEYWORDS =
{'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DATETIME2': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'DATETIMEOFFSET': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'IMAGE': <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, 'NTEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'NVARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'PRINT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PROC': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'ROWVERSION': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, 'SMALLDATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'SMALLMONEY': <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, 'SQL_VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER': <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, 'UPDATE STATISTICS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, 'OUTPUT': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>}
413 class Parser(parser.Parser): 414 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 415 416 FUNCTIONS = { 417 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 418 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 419 this=seq_get(args, 1), 420 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 421 position=seq_get(args, 2), 422 ), 423 "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 424 "DATEDIFF": _parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 425 "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 426 "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr), 427 "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _parse_datetimefromparts, 428 "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth, 429 "FORMAT": _parse_format, 430 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 431 "HASHBYTES": _parse_hashbytes, 432 "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list, 433 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 434 "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list, 435 "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list, 436 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 437 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 438 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 439 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 440 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 441 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 442 "TIMEFROMPARTS": _parse_timefromparts, 443 } 444 445 JOIN_HINTS = { 446 "LOOP", 447 "HASH", 448 "MERGE", 449 "REMOTE", 450 } 451 452 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 453 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 454 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 455 DataType.Type.CHAR, 456 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 457 } 458 459 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 460 TokenType.TABLE, 461 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 462 } 463 464 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 465 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 466 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 467 } 468 469 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 470 471 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 472 STRING_ALIASES = True 473 474 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 475 """ 476 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 477 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 478 479 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 480 """ 481 return [ 482 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 483 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 484 else projection 485 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 486 ] 487 488 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 489 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 490 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 491 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 492 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 493 494 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 495 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 496 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 497 """ 498 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 499 500 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 501 this = self._parse_id_var() 502 503 if rollback: 504 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 505 506 durability = None 507 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 508 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 509 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 510 511 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 512 durability = False 513 else: 514 self._match(TokenType.ON) 515 durability = True 516 517 self._match_r_paren() 518 519 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 520 521 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 522 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 523 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 524 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 525 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 526 ] 527 """ 528 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 529 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 530 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 531 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 532 533 return transaction 534 535 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 536 537 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 538 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 539 returns = super()._parse_returns() 540 returns.set("table", table) 541 return returns 542 543 def _parse_convert( 544 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 545 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 546 to = self._parse_types() 547 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 548 this = self._parse_conjunction() 549 550 if not to or not this: 551 return None 552 553 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 554 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 555 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 556 557 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 558 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 559 format_val = self._parse_number() 560 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 561 562 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 563 raise ValueError( 564 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 565 ) 566 567 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 568 569 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 570 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 571 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 572 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 573 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 574 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 575 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 576 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 577 return self.expression( 578 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 579 to=to, 580 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 581 safe=safe, 582 ) 583 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 584 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 585 586 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 587 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 588 589 def _parse_user_defined_function( 590 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 591 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 592 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 593 594 if ( 595 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 596 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 597 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 598 ): 599 return this 600 601 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 602 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 603 604 def _parse_id_var( 605 self, 606 any_token: bool = True, 607 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 608 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 609 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 610 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 611 612 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 613 if this: 614 if is_global: 615 this.set("global", True) 616 elif is_temporary: 617 this.set("temporary", True) 618 619 return this 620 621 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 622 create = super()._parse_create() 623 624 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 625 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 626 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 627 if not create.args.get("properties"): 628 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 629 630 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 631 632 return create 633 634 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 635 index = self._index 636 637 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 638 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 639 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 640 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 641 self._retreat(index) 642 643 return super()._parse_if() 644 645 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 646 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 647 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 648 else: 649 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 650 651 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this)
Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.
Arguments:
- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
FUNCTIONS =
{'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_date_delta.<locals>.inner_func>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GET_PATH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GetPath'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <function _parse_timefromparts>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'CHARINDEX': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function parse_date_delta.<locals>.inner_func>, 'DATENAME': <function _format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'DATEPART': <function _format_time_lambda.<locals>._format_time>, 'DATETIMEFROMPARTS': <function _parse_datetimefromparts>, 'EOMONTH': <function _parse_eomonth>, 'FORMAT': <function _parse_format>, 'GETDATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'HASHBYTES': <function _parse_hashbytes>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'ISNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'JSON_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'REPLICATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'SQUARE': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSDATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'SUSER_NAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SUSER_SNAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>}
VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES =
{<Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>}
RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS =
{<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>}
SET_TRIE: Dict =
{'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.parser.Parser
- Parser
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
- STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
- NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
- ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
- TYPE_TOKENS
- SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
- SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
- RESERVED_TOKENS
- DB_CREATABLES
- CREATABLES
- ID_VAR_TOKENS
- INTERVAL_VARS
- COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- TRIM_TYPES
- FUNC_TOKENS
- CONJUNCTION
- EQUALITY
- COMPARISON
- BITWISE
- TERM
- FACTOR
- EXPONENT
- TIMES
- TIMESTAMPS
- SET_OPERATIONS
- JOIN_METHODS
- JOIN_SIDES
- JOIN_KINDS
- LAMBDAS
- COLUMN_OPERATORS
- EXPRESSION_PARSERS
- UNARY_PARSERS
- PRIMARY_PARSERS
- PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
- RANGE_PARSERS
- PROPERTY_PARSERS
- CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
- ALTER_PARSERS
- SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
- INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
- FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
- FUNCTION_PARSERS
- QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
- SET_PARSERS
- SHOW_PARSERS
- TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
- MODIFIABLES
- DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
- PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
- TRANSACTION_KIND
- TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
- INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
- CLONE_KEYWORDS
- HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
- OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
- OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
- TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
- WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
- WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
- WINDOW_SIDES
- FETCH_TOKENS
- ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
- DISTINCT_TOKENS
- NULL_TOKENS
- UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
- STRICT_CAST
- PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
- IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
- TABLESAMPLE_CSV
- TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
- MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
- UNION_MODIFIERS
- error_level
- error_message_context
- max_errors
- dialect
- reset
- parse
- parse_into
- check_errors
- raise_error
- expression
- validate_expression
- errors
- sql
653 class Generator(generator.Generator): 654 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 655 QUERY_HINTS = False 656 RETURNING_END = False 657 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 658 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 659 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 660 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 661 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 662 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 663 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False 664 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 665 TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE" 666 667 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 668 exp.Delete, 669 exp.Insert, 670 exp.Merge, 671 exp.Select, 672 exp.Subquery, 673 exp.Union, 674 exp.Update, 675 } 676 677 TYPE_MAPPING = { 678 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 679 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 680 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 681 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 682 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 683 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 684 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 685 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 686 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 687 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 688 } 689 690 TRANSFORMS = { 691 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 692 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 693 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 694 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 695 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 696 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 697 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 698 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 699 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 700 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 701 exp.GetPath: path_to_jsonpath("JSON_VALUE"), 702 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 703 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 704 exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this), 705 exp.Length: rename_func("LEN"), 706 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 707 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 708 exp.Min: min_or_least, 709 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 710 exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"), 711 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 712 [ 713 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 714 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 715 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 716 ] 717 ), 718 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 719 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 720 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 721 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 722 ), 723 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 724 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 725 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 726 exp.Trim: trim_sql, 727 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 728 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 729 } 730 731 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 732 733 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 734 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 735 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 736 } 737 738 def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str: 739 cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply") 740 if cross_apply is True: 741 return "CROSS APPLY" 742 if cross_apply is False: 743 return "OUTER APPLY" 744 745 # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately 746 self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.") 747 return "LATERAL" 748 749 def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str: 750 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 751 if nano is not None: 752 nano.pop() 753 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.") 754 755 if expression.args.get("fractions") is None: 756 expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0)) 757 if expression.args.get("precision") is None: 758 expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0)) 759 760 return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 761 762 def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str: 763 zone = expression.args.get("zone") 764 if zone is not None: 765 zone.pop() 766 self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 767 768 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 769 if nano is not None: 770 nano.pop() 771 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 772 773 if expression.args.get("milli") is None: 774 expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0)) 775 776 return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 777 778 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 779 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 780 if limit: 781 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 782 783 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 784 785 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 786 this = expression.this 787 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 788 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 789 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 790 791 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 792 793 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 794 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 795 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 796 797 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 798 799 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 800 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 801 return self.binary(expression, "=") 802 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 803 804 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 805 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 806 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 807 808 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 809 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 810 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 811 ): 812 sql = f"#{sql}" 813 814 return sql 815 816 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 817 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 818 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 819 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 820 821 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 822 823 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 824 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 825 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 826 if ctas_with: 827 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 828 829 subquery = expression.expression 830 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 831 subquery = subquery.subquery() 832 833 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 834 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 835 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 836 837 sql = self.sql(select_into) 838 839 if exists: 840 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 841 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 842 if kind == "SCHEMA": 843 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 844 elif kind == "TABLE": 845 assert table 846 where = exp.and_( 847 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 848 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 849 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 850 ) 851 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 852 elif kind == "INDEX": 853 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 854 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 855 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 856 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 857 858 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 859 860 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 861 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 862 863 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 864 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 865 this = f"FOR {name}" 866 expr = expression.expression 867 kind = expression.text("kind") 868 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 869 args = expr.expressions 870 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 871 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 872 else: 873 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 874 875 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 876 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 877 878 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 879 table = expression.args.get("table") 880 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 881 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 882 883 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 884 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 885 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 886 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 887 888 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 889 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 890 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 891 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 892 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 893 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 894 895 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 896 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 897 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 898 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 899 durability = ( 900 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 901 if durability is not None 902 else "" 903 ) 904 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 905 906 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 907 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 908 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 909 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 910 911 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 912 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 913 914 if expression.args.get("global"): 915 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 916 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 917 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 918 919 return identifier 920 921 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 922 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 923 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 924 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.
Arguments:
- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Update'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Merge'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Delete'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Insert'>}
TYPE_MAPPING =
{<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BIT', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR(MAX)', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'DATETIMEOFFSET', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'SQL_VARIANT'}
TRANSFORMS =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function any_value_to_max_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint'>: <function generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GetPath'>: <function path_to_jsonpath.<locals>._transform>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _string_agg_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function trim_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
738 def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str: 739 cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply") 740 if cross_apply is True: 741 return "CROSS APPLY" 742 if cross_apply is False: 743 return "OUTER APPLY" 744 745 # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately 746 self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.") 747 return "LATERAL"
749 def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str: 750 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 751 if nano is not None: 752 nano.pop() 753 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.") 754 755 if expression.args.get("fractions") is None: 756 expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0)) 757 if expression.args.get("precision") is None: 758 expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0)) 759 760 return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
762 def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str: 763 zone = expression.args.get("zone") 764 if zone is not None: 765 zone.pop() 766 self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 767 768 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 769 if nano is not None: 770 nano.pop() 771 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 772 773 if expression.args.get("milli") is None: 774 expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0)) 775 776 return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
785 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 786 this = expression.this 787 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 788 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 789 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 790 791 return super().setitem_sql(expression)
804 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 805 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 806 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 807 808 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 809 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 810 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 811 ): 812 sql = f"#{sql}" 813 814 return sql
816 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 817 kind = self.sql(expression, "kind").upper() 818 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 819 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 820 821 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 822 823 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 824 if kind == "TABLE" and expression.expression: 825 ctas_with = expression.expression.args.get("with") 826 if ctas_with: 827 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 828 829 subquery = expression.expression 830 if isinstance(subquery, exp.Subqueryable): 831 subquery = subquery.subquery() 832 833 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(subquery, "temp", table=True)) 834 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 835 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 836 837 sql = self.sql(select_into) 838 839 if exists: 840 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 841 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 842 if kind == "SCHEMA": 843 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 844 elif kind == "TABLE": 845 assert table 846 where = exp.and_( 847 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 848 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 849 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 850 ) 851 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 852 elif kind == "INDEX": 853 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 854 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 855 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 856 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 857 858 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
863 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 864 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 865 this = f"FOR {name}" 866 expr = expression.expression 867 kind = expression.text("kind") 868 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 869 args = expr.expressions 870 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 871 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 872 else: 873 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 874 875 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 876 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
895 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 896 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 897 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 898 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 899 durability = ( 900 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 901 if durability is not None 902 else "" 903 ) 904 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.generator.Generator
- Generator
- LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
- EXPLICIT_UNION
- WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
- CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
- MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
- SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
- INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
- LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
- RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
- GROUPINGS_SEP
- INDEX_ON
- JOIN_HINTS
- TABLE_HINTS
- QUERY_HINT_SEP
- IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
- DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
- COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
- EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
- TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
- VALUES_AS_TABLE
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