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sqlglot.dialects.presto

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    binary_from_function,
 10    bool_xor_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    encode_decode_sql,
 14    build_formatted_time,
 15    if_sql,
 16    left_to_substring_sql,
 17    no_ilike_sql,
 18    no_pivot_sql,
 19    no_timestamp_sql,
 20    regexp_extract_sql,
 21    rename_func,
 22    right_to_substring_sql,
 23    sha256_sql,
 24    strposition_sql,
 25    struct_extract_sql,
 26    timestamptrunc_sql,
 27    timestrtotime_sql,
 28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 29    unit_to_str,
 30    sequence_sql,
 31    build_regexp_extract,
 32    explode_to_unnest_sql,
 33)
 34from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 35from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
 36from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
 37from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
 38from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 39from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
 40from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
 41
 42DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
 43
 44
 45def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
 46    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
 47    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
 48
 49
 50def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
 51    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
 52        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
 53    else:
 54        comparator = None
 55    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
 56
 57
 58def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
 59    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.PartitionedByProperty):
 60        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
 61        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
 62
 63    if expression.parent:
 64        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
 65            if schema is expression:
 66                continue
 67
 68            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
 69            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
 70                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
 71
 72    return self.schema_sql(expression)
 73
 74
 75def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
 76    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
 77    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
 78
 79
 80def _str_to_time_sql(
 81    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
 82) -> str:
 83    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
 84
 85
 86def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
 87    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
 88    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
 89        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
 90    return self.sql(
 91        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
 92    )
 93
 94
 95def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
 96    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
 97    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
 98    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
 99
100
101def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
102    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
103    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
104    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
105    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
106
107
108def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
109    if len(args) == 4:
110        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
111            this=seq_get(args, 0),
112            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
113            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
114            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
115        )
116    if len(args) == 3:
117        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
118            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
119        )
120    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
121
122
123def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
124    if len(args) == 3:
125        return exp.UnixToTime(
126            this=seq_get(args, 0),
127            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
128            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
129        )
130    if len(args) == 2:
131        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
132
133    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
134
135
136def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
137    """
138    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
139    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
140    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
141
142    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
143    """
144    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
145        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
146
147    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
148
149
150def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
151    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
152    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
153    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
154        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
155
156    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
157
158
159def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
160    if not expression.type:
161        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
162
163        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
164    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
165        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
166    return expression
167
168
169def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
170    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
171    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
172        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
173        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
174
175    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
176    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
177    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
178
179
180def _date_delta_sql(
181    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
182) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
183    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
184        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
185        return self.func(
186            name,
187            unit_to_str(expression),
188            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
189            expression.this,
190        )
191
192    return _delta_sql
193
194
195def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
196    explode = expression.this
197    if isinstance(explode, exp.Explode):
198        exploded_type = explode.this.type
199        alias = expression.args.get("alias")
200
201        # This attempts a best-effort transpilation of LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE on a struct array
202        if (
203            isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
204            and isinstance(exploded_type, exp.DataType)
205            and exploded_type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY)
206            and exploded_type.expressions
207            and exploded_type.expressions[0].is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
208        ):
209            # When unnesting a ROW in Presto, it produces N columns, so we need to fix the alias
210            alias.set("columns", [c.this.copy() for c in exploded_type.expressions[0].expressions])
211    elif isinstance(explode, exp.Inline):
212        explode.replace(exp.Explode(this=explode.this.copy()))
213
214    return explode_to_unnest_sql(self, expression)
215
216
217def _amend_exploded_column_table(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
218    # We check for expression.type because the columns can be amended only if types were inferred
219    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select) and expression.type:
220        for lateral in expression.args.get("laterals") or []:
221            alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
222            if (
223                not isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode)
224                or not isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
225                or len(alias.columns) != 1
226            ):
227                continue
228
229            new_table = alias.this
230            old_table = alias.columns[0].name.lower()
231
232            # When transpiling a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE Spark query, the exploded fields may be qualified
233            # with the struct column, resulting in invalid Presto references that need to be amended
234            for column in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Column):
235                if column.db.lower() == old_table:
236                    column.set("table", column.args["db"].pop())
237                elif column.table.lower() == old_table:
238                    column.set("table", new_table.copy())
239                elif column.name.lower() == old_table and isinstance(column.parent, exp.Dot):
240                    column.parent.replace(exp.column(column.parent.expression, table=new_table))
241
242    return expression
243
244
245class Presto(Dialect):
246    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
247    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
248    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
249    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
250    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
251    TYPED_DIVISION = True
252    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
253    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
254    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
255
256    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
257
258    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
259    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
260    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
261    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
262
263    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
264    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
265    ANNOTATORS = {
266        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
267        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
268        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
269        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
270        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
271        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
272        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
273        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
274        if e.this
275        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
276    }
277
278    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
279        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
280        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
281            (prefix + q, q)
282            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
283            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
284        ]
285
286        KEYWORDS = {
287            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
288            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
289            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
290            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
291            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
292            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
293            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
294            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
295            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
296            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
297            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
298            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
299        }
300        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
301        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
302
303    class Parser(parser.Parser):
304        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
305
306        FUNCTIONS = {
307            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
308            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
309            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
310            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
311            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
312            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
313            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
314            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
315            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
316            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
317            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
318                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
319            ),
320            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
321                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
322            ),
323            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
324            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
325            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
326            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
327            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
328                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
329            ),
330            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
331            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
332            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
333                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
334            ),
335            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
336                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
337            ),
338            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
339            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
340            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
341            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
342            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
343                this=seq_get(args, 0),
344                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
345                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
346            ),
347            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
348            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
349            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
350            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
351            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
352                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
353            ),
354            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
355            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
356            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
357                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
358            ),
359            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
360            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
361            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
362        }
363
364        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
365        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
366
367    class Generator(generator.Generator):
368        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
369        JOIN_HINTS = False
370        TABLE_HINTS = False
371        QUERY_HINTS = False
372        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
373        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
374        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
375        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
376        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
377        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
378        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
379        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
380        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
381        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
382        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
383        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
384        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
385        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
386        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
387
388        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
389            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
390            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
391            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
392        }
393
394        TYPE_MAPPING = {
395            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
396            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
397            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
398            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
399            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
400            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
401            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
402            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
403            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
404            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
405            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
406            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
407            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
408        }
409
410        TRANSFORMS = {
411            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
412            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
413            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
414            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
415            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
416            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
417            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
418            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
419            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
420            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
421            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
422            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
423            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
424            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
425                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
426            ),
427            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
428            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
429            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
430                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
431            ),
432            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
433            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
434            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
435            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
436            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
437            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
438            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
439                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
440            ),
441            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
442            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
443            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
444            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
445            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
446            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
447            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
448            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
449            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
450            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
451            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
452            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
453            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
454            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
455            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
456            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
457            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
458            exp.If: if_sql(),
459            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
460            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
461            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
462            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
463            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
464            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
465            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
466                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
467            ),
468            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
469            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
470            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
471            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
472            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
473            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
474            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
475            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
476            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
477            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
478                [
479                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
480                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
481                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
482                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
483                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
484                ]
485            ),
486            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
487            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
488            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
489            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
490            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
491            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
492            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
493            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
494            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
495            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
496            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
497            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
498            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
499                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
500            ),
501            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
502            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
503            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
504            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
505            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
506            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
507            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
508            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
509            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
510            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
511            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
512            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
513            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
514            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
515            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
516            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
517            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
518            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
519                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
520            ),
521            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
522            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
523            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
524            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
525        }
526
527        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
528            "alter",
529            "and",
530            "as",
531            "between",
532            "by",
533            "case",
534            "cast",
535            "constraint",
536            "create",
537            "cross",
538            "current_time",
539            "current_timestamp",
540            "deallocate",
541            "delete",
542            "describe",
543            "distinct",
544            "drop",
545            "else",
546            "end",
547            "escape",
548            "except",
549            "execute",
550            "exists",
551            "extract",
552            "false",
553            "for",
554            "from",
555            "full",
556            "group",
557            "having",
558            "in",
559            "inner",
560            "insert",
561            "intersect",
562            "into",
563            "is",
564            "join",
565            "left",
566            "like",
567            "natural",
568            "not",
569            "null",
570            "on",
571            "or",
572            "order",
573            "outer",
574            "prepare",
575            "right",
576            "select",
577            "table",
578            "then",
579            "true",
580            "union",
581            "using",
582            "values",
583            "when",
584            "where",
585            "with",
586        }
587
588        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
589            this = expression.this
590            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
591
592            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
593                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
594
595                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
596
597            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
598                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
599
600            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
601
602        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
603            this = expression.this
604
605            if not this.type:
606                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
607
608                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
609
610            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
611                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
612
613            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
614
615        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
616            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
617            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
618            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
619            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
620            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
621            this = expression.this
622            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
623            value_as_timestamp = (
624                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
625            )
626
627            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
628
629            formatted_value = self.func(
630                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
631            )
632            parse_with_tz = self.func(
633                "PARSE_DATETIME",
634                formatted_value,
635                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
636            )
637            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
638            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
639
640        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
641            if expression.args.get("safe"):
642                return self.func(
643                    "ELEMENT_AT",
644                    expression.this,
645                    seq_get(
646                        apply_index_offset(
647                            expression.this,
648                            expression.expressions,
649                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
650                            dialect=self.dialect,
651                        ),
652                        0,
653                    ),
654                )
655            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
656
657        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
658            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
659
660            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
661            values: t.List[str] = []
662            schema: t.List[str] = []
663            unknown_type = False
664
665            for e in expression.expressions:
666                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
667                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
668                        unknown_type = True
669                    else:
670                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
671                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
672                else:
673                    values.append(self.sql(e))
674
675            size = len(expression.expressions)
676
677            if not size or len(schema) != size:
678                if unknown_type:
679                    self.unsupported(
680                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
681                    )
682                return self.func("ROW", *values)
683            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
684
685        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
686            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
687                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
688            return super().interval_sql(expression)
689
690        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
691            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
692            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
693            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
694
695        def offset_limit_modifiers(
696            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
697        ) -> t.List[str]:
698            return [
699                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
700                self.sql(limit),
701            ]
702
703        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
704            """
705            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
706            so we need to remove them
707            """
708            kind = expression.args["kind"]
709            schema = expression.this
710            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
711                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
712            return super().create_sql(expression)
713
714        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
715            """
716            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
717            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
718            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
719            """
720            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
721            if len(tables) > 1:
722                return super().delete_sql(expression)
723
724            table = tables[0]
725            expression.set("this", table)
726            expression.set("tables", None)
727
728            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
729                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
730                if table_alias:
731                    table_alias.pop()
732                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
733
734            return super().delete_sql(expression)
735
736        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
737            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
738
739            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
740            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
741            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
742                return self.func(
743                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
744                )
745
746            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
747
748            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
749            segments = []
750            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
751                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
752                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
753                    self.unsupported(
754                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
755                    )
756                    continue
757                key = path_key.this
758                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
759                    key = f'"{key}"'
760                segments.append(f".{key}")
761
762            expr = "".join(segments)
763
764            return f"{this}{expr}"
765
766        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
767            return self.func(
768                "ARRAY_JOIN",
769                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
770                expression.args.get("separator"),
771            )
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
246class Presto(Dialect):
247    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
248    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
249    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
250    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
251    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
252    TYPED_DIVISION = True
253    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
254    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
255    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
256
257    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
258
259    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
260    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
261    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
262    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
263
264    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
265    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
266    ANNOTATORS = {
267        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
268        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
269        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
270        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
271        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
272        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
273        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
274        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
275        if e.this
276        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
277    }
278
279    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
280        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
281        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
282            (prefix + q, q)
283            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
284            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
285        ]
286
287        KEYWORDS = {
288            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
289            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
290            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
291            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
292            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
293            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
294            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
295            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
296            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
297            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
298            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
299            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
300        }
301        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
302        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
303
304    class Parser(parser.Parser):
305        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
306
307        FUNCTIONS = {
308            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
309            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
310            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
311            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
312            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
313            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
314            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
315            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
316            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
317            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
318            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
319                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
320            ),
321            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
322                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
323            ),
324            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
325            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
326            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
327            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
328            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
329                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
330            ),
331            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
332            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
333            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
334                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
335            ),
336            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
337                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
338            ),
339            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
340            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
341            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
342            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
343            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
344                this=seq_get(args, 0),
345                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
346                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
347            ),
348            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
349            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
350            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
351            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
352            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
353                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
354            ),
355            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
356            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
357            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
358                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
359            ),
360            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
361            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
362            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
363        }
364
365        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
366        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
367
368    class Generator(generator.Generator):
369        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
370        JOIN_HINTS = False
371        TABLE_HINTS = False
372        QUERY_HINTS = False
373        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
374        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
375        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
376        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
377        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
378        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
379        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
380        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
381        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
382        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
383        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
384        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
385        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
386        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
387        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
388
389        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
390            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
391            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
392            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
393        }
394
395        TYPE_MAPPING = {
396            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
397            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
398            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
399            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
400            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
401            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
402            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
403            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
404            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
405            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
406            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
407            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
408            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
409        }
410
411        TRANSFORMS = {
412            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
413            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
414            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
415            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
416            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
417            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
418            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
419            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
420            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
421            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
422            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
423            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
424            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
425            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
426                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
427            ),
428            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
429            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
430            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
431                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
432            ),
433            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
434            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
435            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
436            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
437            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
438            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
439            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
440                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
441            ),
442            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
443            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
444            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
445            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
446            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
447            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
448            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
449            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
450            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
451            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
452            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
453            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
454            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
455            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
456            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
457            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
458            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
459            exp.If: if_sql(),
460            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
461            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
462            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
463            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
464            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
465            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
466            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
467                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
468            ),
469            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
470            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
471            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
472            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
473            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
474            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
475            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
476            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
477            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
478            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
479                [
480                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
481                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
482                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
483                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
484                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
485                ]
486            ),
487            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
488            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
489            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
490            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
491            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
492            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
493            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
494            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
495            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
496            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
497            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
498            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
499            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
500                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
501            ),
502            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
503            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
504            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
505            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
506            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
507            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
508            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
509            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
510            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
511            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
512            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
513            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
514            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
515            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
516            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
517            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
518            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
519            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
520                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
521            ),
522            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
523            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
524            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
525            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
526        }
527
528        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
529            "alter",
530            "and",
531            "as",
532            "between",
533            "by",
534            "case",
535            "cast",
536            "constraint",
537            "create",
538            "cross",
539            "current_time",
540            "current_timestamp",
541            "deallocate",
542            "delete",
543            "describe",
544            "distinct",
545            "drop",
546            "else",
547            "end",
548            "escape",
549            "except",
550            "execute",
551            "exists",
552            "extract",
553            "false",
554            "for",
555            "from",
556            "full",
557            "group",
558            "having",
559            "in",
560            "inner",
561            "insert",
562            "intersect",
563            "into",
564            "is",
565            "join",
566            "left",
567            "like",
568            "natural",
569            "not",
570            "null",
571            "on",
572            "or",
573            "order",
574            "outer",
575            "prepare",
576            "right",
577            "select",
578            "table",
579            "then",
580            "true",
581            "union",
582            "using",
583            "values",
584            "when",
585            "where",
586            "with",
587        }
588
589        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
590            this = expression.this
591            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
592
593            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
594                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
595
596                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
597
598            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
599                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
600
601            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
602
603        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
604            this = expression.this
605
606            if not this.type:
607                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
608
609                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
610
611            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
612                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
613
614            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
615
616        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
617            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
618            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
619            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
620            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
621            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
622            this = expression.this
623            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
624            value_as_timestamp = (
625                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
626            )
627
628            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
629
630            formatted_value = self.func(
631                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
632            )
633            parse_with_tz = self.func(
634                "PARSE_DATETIME",
635                formatted_value,
636                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
637            )
638            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
639            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
640
641        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
642            if expression.args.get("safe"):
643                return self.func(
644                    "ELEMENT_AT",
645                    expression.this,
646                    seq_get(
647                        apply_index_offset(
648                            expression.this,
649                            expression.expressions,
650                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
651                            dialect=self.dialect,
652                        ),
653                        0,
654                    ),
655                )
656            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
657
658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
659            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
660
661            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
662            values: t.List[str] = []
663            schema: t.List[str] = []
664            unknown_type = False
665
666            for e in expression.expressions:
667                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
668                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
669                        unknown_type = True
670                    else:
671                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
672                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
673                else:
674                    values.append(self.sql(e))
675
676            size = len(expression.expressions)
677
678            if not size or len(schema) != size:
679                if unknown_type:
680                    self.unsupported(
681                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
682                    )
683                return self.func("ROW", *values)
684            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
685
686        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
687            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
688                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
689            return super().interval_sql(expression)
690
691        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
692            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
693            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
694            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
695
696        def offset_limit_modifiers(
697            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
698        ) -> t.List[str]:
699            return [
700                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
701                self.sql(limit),
702            ]
703
704        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
705            """
706            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
707            so we need to remove them
708            """
709            kind = expression.args["kind"]
710            schema = expression.this
711            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
712                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
713            return super().create_sql(expression)
714
715        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
716            """
717            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
718            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
719            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
720            """
721            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
722            if len(tables) > 1:
723                return super().delete_sql(expression)
724
725            table = tables[0]
726            expression.set("this", table)
727            expression.set("tables", None)
728
729            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
730                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
731                if table_alias:
732                    table_alias.pop()
733                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
734
735            return super().delete_sql(expression)
736
737        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
738            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
739
740            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
741            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
742            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
743                return self.func(
744                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
745                )
746
747            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
748
749            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
750            segments = []
751            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
752                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
753                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
754                    self.unsupported(
755                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
756                    )
757                    continue
758                key = path_key.this
759                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
760                    key = f'"{key}"'
761                segments.append(f".{key}")
762
763            expr = "".join(segments)
764
765            return f"{this}{expr}"
766
767        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
768            return self.func(
769                "ARRAY_JOIN",
770                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
771                expression.args.get("separator"),
772            )
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
279    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
280        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
281        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
282            (prefix + q, q)
283            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
284            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
285        ]
286
287        KEYWORDS = {
288            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
289            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
290            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
291            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
292            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
293            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
294            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
295            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
296            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
297            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
298            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
299            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
300        }
301        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
302        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}
class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
304    class Parser(parser.Parser):
305        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
306
307        FUNCTIONS = {
308            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
309            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
310            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
311            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
312            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
313            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
314            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
315            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
316            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
317            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
318            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
319                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
320            ),
321            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
322                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
323            ),
324            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
325            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
326            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
327            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
328            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
329                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
330            ),
331            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
332            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
333            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
334                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
335            ),
336            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
337                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
338            ),
339            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
340            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
341            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
342            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
343            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
344                this=seq_get(args, 0),
345                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
346                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
347            ),
348            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
349            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
350            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
351            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
352            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
353                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
354            ),
355            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
356            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
357            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
358                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
359            ),
360            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
361            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
362            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
363        }
364
365        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
366        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ALTERABLES
ALIAS_TOKENS
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
STATEMENT_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
RANGE_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
TYPE_CONVERTERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
DESCRIBE_STYLES
ANALYZE_STYLES
ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
PARTITION_KEYWORDS
AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
OPERATION_MODIFIERS
RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
MODIFIABLES
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
parse_set_operation
errors
sql
class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
368    class Generator(generator.Generator):
369        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
370        JOIN_HINTS = False
371        TABLE_HINTS = False
372        QUERY_HINTS = False
373        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
374        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
375        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
376        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
377        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
378        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
379        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
380        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
381        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
382        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
383        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
384        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
385        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
386        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
387        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
388
389        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
390            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
391            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
392            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
393        }
394
395        TYPE_MAPPING = {
396            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
397            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
398            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
399            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
400            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
401            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
402            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
403            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
404            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
405            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
406            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
407            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
408            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
409        }
410
411        TRANSFORMS = {
412            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
413            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
414            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
415            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
416            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
417            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
418            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
419            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
420            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
421            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
422            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
423            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
424            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
425            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
426                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
427            ),
428            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
429            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
430            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
431                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
432            ),
433            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
434            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
435            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
436            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
437            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
438            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
439            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
440                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
441            ),
442            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
443            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
444            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
445            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
446            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
447            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
448            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
449            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
450            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
451            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
452            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
453            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
454            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
455            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
456            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
457            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
458            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
459            exp.If: if_sql(),
460            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
461            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
462            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
463            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
464            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
465            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
466            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
467                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
468            ),
469            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
470            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
471            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
472            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
473            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
474            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
475            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
476            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
477            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
478            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
479                [
480                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
481                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
482                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
483                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
484                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
485                ]
486            ),
487            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
488            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
489            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
490            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
491            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
492            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
493            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
494            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
495            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
496            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
497            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
498            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
499            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
500                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
501            ),
502            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
503            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
504            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
505            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
506            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
507            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
508            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
509            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
510            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
511            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
512            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
513            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
514            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
515            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
516            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
517            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
518            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
519            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
520                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
521            ),
522            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
523            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
524            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
525            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
526        }
527
528        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
529            "alter",
530            "and",
531            "as",
532            "between",
533            "by",
534            "case",
535            "cast",
536            "constraint",
537            "create",
538            "cross",
539            "current_time",
540            "current_timestamp",
541            "deallocate",
542            "delete",
543            "describe",
544            "distinct",
545            "drop",
546            "else",
547            "end",
548            "escape",
549            "except",
550            "execute",
551            "exists",
552            "extract",
553            "false",
554            "for",
555            "from",
556            "full",
557            "group",
558            "having",
559            "in",
560            "inner",
561            "insert",
562            "intersect",
563            "into",
564            "is",
565            "join",
566            "left",
567            "like",
568            "natural",
569            "not",
570            "null",
571            "on",
572            "or",
573            "order",
574            "outer",
575            "prepare",
576            "right",
577            "select",
578            "table",
579            "then",
580            "true",
581            "union",
582            "using",
583            "values",
584            "when",
585            "where",
586            "with",
587        }
588
589        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
590            this = expression.this
591            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
592
593            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
594                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
595
596                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
597
598            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
599                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
600
601            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
602
603        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
604            this = expression.this
605
606            if not this.type:
607                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
608
609                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
610
611            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
612                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
613
614            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
615
616        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
617            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
618            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
619            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
620            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
621            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
622            this = expression.this
623            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
624            value_as_timestamp = (
625                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
626            )
627
628            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
629
630            formatted_value = self.func(
631                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
632            )
633            parse_with_tz = self.func(
634                "PARSE_DATETIME",
635                formatted_value,
636                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
637            )
638            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
639            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
640
641        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
642            if expression.args.get("safe"):
643                return self.func(
644                    "ELEMENT_AT",
645                    expression.this,
646                    seq_get(
647                        apply_index_offset(
648                            expression.this,
649                            expression.expressions,
650                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
651                            dialect=self.dialect,
652                        ),
653                        0,
654                    ),
655                )
656            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
657
658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
659            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
660
661            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
662            values: t.List[str] = []
663            schema: t.List[str] = []
664            unknown_type = False
665
666            for e in expression.expressions:
667                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
668                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
669                        unknown_type = True
670                    else:
671                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
672                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
673                else:
674                    values.append(self.sql(e))
675
676            size = len(expression.expressions)
677
678            if not size or len(schema) != size:
679                if unknown_type:
680                    self.unsupported(
681                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
682                    )
683                return self.func("ROW", *values)
684            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
685
686        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
687            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
688                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
689            return super().interval_sql(expression)
690
691        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
692            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
693            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
694            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
695
696        def offset_limit_modifiers(
697            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
698        ) -> t.List[str]:
699            return [
700                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
701                self.sql(limit),
702            ]
703
704        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
705            """
706            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
707            so we need to remove them
708            """
709            kind = expression.args["kind"]
710            schema = expression.this
711            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
712                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
713            return super().create_sql(expression)
714
715        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
716            """
717            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
718            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
719            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
720            """
721            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
722            if len(tables) > 1:
723                return super().delete_sql(expression)
724
725            table = tables[0]
726            expression.set("this", table)
727            expression.set("tables", None)
728
729            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
730                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
731                if table_alias:
732                    table_alias.pop()
733                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
734
735            return super().delete_sql(expression)
736
737        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
738            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
739
740            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
741            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
742            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
743                return self.func(
744                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
745                )
746
747            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
748
749            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
750            segments = []
751            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
752                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
753                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
754                    self.unsupported(
755                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
756                    )
757                    continue
758                key = path_key.this
759                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
760                    key = f'"{key}"'
761                segments.append(f".{key}")
762
763            expr = "".join(segments)
764
765            return f"{this}{expr}"
766
767        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
768            return self.func(
769                "ARRAY_JOIN",
770                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
771                expression.args.get("separator"),
772            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'CARDINALITY'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'join', 'outer', 'table', 'right', 'cross', 'intersect', 'left', 'describe', 'with', 'extract', 'prepare', 'into', 'values', 'escape', 'and', 'when', 'inner', 'end', 'true', 'execute', 'not', 'or', 'alter', 'from', 'having', 'in', 'cast', 'current_time', 'except', 'full', 'where', 'case', 'as', 'is', 'on', 'by', 'natural', 'deallocate', 'current_timestamp', 'distinct', 'drop', 'for', 'group', 'insert', 'using', 'exists', 'null', 'then', 'delete', 'else', 'false', 'select', 'like', 'constraint', 'union', 'between', 'order', 'create'}
def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat) -> str:
589        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
590            this = expression.this
591            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
592
593            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
594                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
595
596                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
597
598            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
599                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
600
601            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str:
603        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
604            this = expression.this
605
606            if not this.type:
607                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
608
609                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
610
611            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
612                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
613
614            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str:
616        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
617            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
618            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
619            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
620            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
621            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
622            this = expression.this
623            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
624            value_as_timestamp = (
625                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
626            )
627
628            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
629
630            formatted_value = self.func(
631                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
632            )
633            parse_with_tz = self.func(
634                "PARSE_DATETIME",
635                formatted_value,
636                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
637            )
638            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
639            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
641        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
642            if expression.args.get("safe"):
643                return self.func(
644                    "ELEMENT_AT",
645                    expression.this,
646                    seq_get(
647                        apply_index_offset(
648                            expression.this,
649                            expression.expressions,
650                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
651                            dialect=self.dialect,
652                        ),
653                        0,
654                    ),
655                )
656            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
659            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
660
661            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
662            values: t.List[str] = []
663            schema: t.List[str] = []
664            unknown_type = False
665
666            for e in expression.expressions:
667                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
668                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
669                        unknown_type = True
670                    else:
671                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
672                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
673                else:
674                    values.append(self.sql(e))
675
676            size = len(expression.expressions)
677
678            if not size or len(schema) != size:
679                if unknown_type:
680                    self.unsupported(
681                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
682                    )
683                return self.func("ROW", *values)
684            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str:
686        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
687            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
688                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
689            return super().interval_sql(expression)
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
691        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
692            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
693            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
694            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]:
696        def offset_limit_modifiers(
697            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
698        ) -> t.List[str]:
699            return [
700                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
701                self.sql(limit),
702            ]
def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str:
704        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
705            """
706            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
707            so we need to remove them
708            """
709            kind = expression.args["kind"]
710            schema = expression.this
711            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
712                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
713            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: CREATE VIEW x (cola) then (cola) is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str:
715        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
716            """
717            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
718            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
719            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
720            """
721            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
722            if len(tables) > 1:
723                return super().delete_sql(expression)
724
725            table = tables[0]
726            expression.set("this", table)
727            expression.set("tables", None)
728
729            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
730                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
731                if table_alias:
732                    table_alias.pop()
733                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
734
735            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str:
737        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
738            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
739
740            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
741            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
742            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
743                return self.func(
744                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
745                )
746
747            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
748
749            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
750            segments = []
751            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
752                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
753                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
754                    self.unsupported(
755                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
756                    )
757                    continue
758                key = path_key.this
759                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
760                    key = f'"{key}"'
761                segments.append(f".{key}")
762
763            expr = "".join(segments)
764
765            return f"{this}{expr}"
def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str:
767        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
768            return self.func(
769                "ARRAY_JOIN",
770                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
771                expression.args.get("separator"),
772            )
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
COLLATE_IS_FUNC
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
TRY_SUPPORTED
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
STAR_EXCEPT
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
ALTER_SET_TYPE
ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
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