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# sqlglot.dialects.tsql

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import re
      4import typing as t
      5
      6from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens
      7from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import Dialect, parse_date_delta, rename_func
      8from sqlglot.expressions import DataType
      9from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     10from sqlglot.time import format_time
     11from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     12
     13FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {
     14    "weekday": "%A",
     15    "dw": "%A",
     16    "w": "%A",
     17    "month": "%B",
     18    "mm": "%B",
     19    "m": "%B",
     20}
     21
     22DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {
     23    "year": "year",
     24    "yyyy": "year",
     25    "yy": "year",
     26    "quarter": "quarter",
     27    "qq": "quarter",
     28    "q": "quarter",
     29    "month": "month",
     30    "mm": "month",
     31    "m": "month",
     32    "week": "week",
     33    "ww": "week",
     34    "wk": "week",
     35    "day": "day",
     36    "dd": "day",
     37    "d": "day",
     38}
     39
     40
     41DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})")
     42
     43# N = Numeric, C=Currency
     44TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"}
     45
     46
     47def _format_time_lambda(exp_class, full_format_mapping=None, default=None):
     48    def _format_time(args):
     49        return exp_class(
     50            this=seq_get(args, 1),
     51            format=exp.Literal.string(
     52                format_time(
     53                    seq_get(args, 0).name or (TSQL.time_format if default is True else default),
     54                    {**TSQL.time_mapping, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING}
     55                    if full_format_mapping
     56                    else TSQL.time_mapping,
     57                )
     58            ),
     59        )
     60
     61    return _format_time
     62
     63
     64def _parse_format(args):
     65    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
     66    number_fmt = fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.this)
     67    if number_fmt:
     68        return exp.NumberToStr(this=seq_get(args, 0), format=fmt)
     69    return exp.TimeToStr(
     70        this=seq_get(args, 0),
     71        format=exp.Literal.string(
     72            format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.format_time_mapping)
     73            if len(fmt.name) == 1
     74            else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.time_mapping)
     75        ),
     76    )
     77
     78
     79def _parse_eomonth(args):
     80    date = seq_get(args, 0)
     81    month_lag = seq_get(args, 1)
     82    unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month")
     83
     84    if month_lag is None:
     85        return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=date)
     86
     87    # Remove month lag argument in parser as its compared with the number of arguments of the resulting class
     88    args.remove(month_lag)
     89
     90    return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit))
     91
     92
     93def generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql(self, e):
     94    func = "DATEADD" if isinstance(e, exp.DateAdd) else "DATEDIFF"
     95    return self.func(func, e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this)
     96
     97
     98def _format_sql(self, e):
     99    fmt = (
    100        e.args["format"]
    101        if isinstance(e, exp.NumberToStr)
    102        else exp.Literal.string(format_time(e.text("format"), TSQL.inverse_time_mapping))
    103    )
    104    return self.func("FORMAT", e.this, fmt)
    105
    106
    107def _string_agg_sql(self, e):
    108    e = e.copy()
    109
    110    this = e.this
    111    distinct = e.find(exp.Distinct)
    112    if distinct:
    113        # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression
    114        self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.")
    115        this = distinct.expressions[0]
    116        distinct.pop()
    117
    118    order = ""
    119    if isinstance(e.this, exp.Order):
    120        if e.this.this:
    121            this = e.this.this
    122            e.this.this.pop()
    123        order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(e.this)[1:]})"  # Order has a leading space
    124
    125    separator = e.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",")
    126    return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}"
    127
    128
    129class TSQL(Dialect):
    130    null_ordering = "nulls_are_small"
    131    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
    132
    133    time_mapping = {
    134        "year": "%Y",
    135        "qq": "%q",
    136        "q": "%q",
    137        "quarter": "%q",
    138        "dayofyear": "%j",
    139        "day": "%d",
    140        "dy": "%d",
    141        "y": "%Y",
    142        "week": "%W",
    143        "ww": "%W",
    144        "wk": "%W",
    145        "hour": "%h",
    146        "hh": "%I",
    147        "minute": "%M",
    148        "mi": "%M",
    149        "n": "%M",
    150        "second": "%S",
    151        "ss": "%S",
    152        "s": "%-S",
    153        "millisecond": "%f",
    154        "ms": "%f",
    155        "weekday": "%W",
    156        "dw": "%W",
    157        "month": "%m",
    158        "mm": "%M",
    159        "m": "%-M",
    160        "Y": "%Y",
    161        "YYYY": "%Y",
    162        "YY": "%y",
    163        "MMMM": "%B",
    164        "MMM": "%b",
    165        "MM": "%m",
    166        "M": "%-m",
    167        "dd": "%d",
    168        "d": "%-d",
    169        "HH": "%H",
    170        "H": "%-H",
    171        "h": "%-I",
    172        "S": "%f",
    173        "yyyy": "%Y",
    174        "yy": "%y",
    175    }
    176
    177    convert_format_mapping = {
    178        "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
    179        "1": "%m/%d/%y",
    180        "2": "%y.%m.%d",
    181        "3": "%d/%m/%y",
    182        "4": "%d.%m.%y",
    183        "5": "%d-%m-%y",
    184        "6": "%d %b %y",
    185        "7": "%b %d, %y",
    186        "8": "%H:%M:%S",
    187        "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
    188        "10": "mm-dd-yy",
    189        "11": "yy/mm/dd",
    190        "12": "yymmdd",
    191        "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f",
    192        "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
    193        "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    194        "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    195        "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    196        "23": "%Y-%m-%d",
    197        "24": "%H:%M:%S",
    198        "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    199        "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
    200        "101": "%m/%d/%Y",
    201        "102": "%Y.%m.%d",
    202        "103": "%d/%m/%Y",
    203        "104": "%d.%m.%Y",
    204        "105": "%d-%m-%Y",
    205        "106": "%d %b %Y",
    206        "107": "%b %d, %Y",
    207        "108": "%H:%M:%S",
    208        "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
    209        "110": "%m-%d-%Y",
    210        "111": "%Y/%m/%d",
    211        "112": "%Y%m%d",
    212        "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f",
    213        "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
    214        "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    215        "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    216    }
    217    # not sure if complete
    218    format_time_mapping = {
    219        "y": "%B %Y",
    220        "d": "%m/%d/%Y",
    221        "H": "%-H",
    222        "h": "%-I",
    223        "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    224        "D": "%A,%B,%Y",
    225        "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p",
    226        "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    227        "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p",
    228        "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    229        "M": "%B %-d",
    230        "m": "%B %-d",
    231        "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
    232        "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z",
    233        "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z",
    234        "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p",
    235        "t": "%-I:%M",
    236        "Y": "%a %Y",
    237    }
    238
    239    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    240        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")]
    241
    242        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    243
    244        KEYWORDS = {
    245            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    246            "BIT": TokenType.BOOLEAN,
    247            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME,
    248            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    249            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    250            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
    251            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    252            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
    253            "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    254            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
    256            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
    257            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
    258            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME,
    259            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
    260            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
    261            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    262            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    263            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
    264            "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    265            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    266        }
    267
    268        # TSQL allows @, # to appear as a variable/identifier prefix
    269        SINGLE_TOKENS = tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    270        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("@")
    271        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
    272
    273    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    274        FUNCTIONS = {
    275            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    276            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    277                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    278                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
    279                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    280            ),
    281            "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
    282            "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    283            "DATEDIFF": parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    284            "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
    285            "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr),
    286            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    287            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    288            "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    289            "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list,
    290            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
    291            "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    292            "FORMAT": _parse_format,
    293            "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth,
    294        }
    295
    296        VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = {
    297            DataType.Type.NVARCHAR,
    298            DataType.Type.VARCHAR,
    299            DataType.Type.CHAR,
    300            DataType.Type.NCHAR,
    301        }
    302
    303        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {  # type: ignore
    304            TokenType.TABLE,
    305            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    306        }
    307
    308        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    309            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    310            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(),
    311        }
    312
    313        def _parse_system_time(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    314            if not self._match_text_seq("FOR", "SYSTEM_TIME"):
    315                return None
    316
    317            if self._match_text_seq("AS", "OF"):
    318                system_time = self.expression(
    319                    exp.SystemTime, this=self._parse_bitwise(), kind="AS OF"
    320                )
    321            elif self._match_set((TokenType.FROM, TokenType.BETWEEN)):
    322                kind = self._prev.text
    323                this = self._parse_bitwise()
    324                self._match_texts(("TO", "AND"))
    325                expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    326                system_time = self.expression(
    327                    exp.SystemTime, this=this, expression=expression, kind=kind
    328                )
    329            elif self._match_text_seq("CONTAINED", "IN"):
    330                args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_bitwise)
    331                system_time = self.expression(
    332                    exp.SystemTime,
    333                    this=seq_get(args, 0),
    334                    expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    335                    kind="CONTAINED IN",
    336                )
    337            elif self._match(TokenType.ALL):
    338                system_time = self.expression(exp.SystemTime, kind="ALL")
    339            else:
    340                system_time = None
    341                self.raise_error("Unable to parse FOR SYSTEM_TIME clause")
    342
    343            return system_time
    344
    345        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    346            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    347            table.set("system_time", self._parse_system_time())
    348            return table
    349
    350        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.Expression:
    351            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
    352            returns = super()._parse_returns()
    353            returns.set("table", table)
    354            return returns
    355
    356        def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    357            to = self._parse_types()
    358            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    359            this = self._parse_conjunction()
    360
    361            if not to or not this:
    362                return None
    363
    364            # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified
    365            if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    366                to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False)
    367
    368            # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable
    369            if self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
    370                format_val = self._parse_number()
    371                format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else ""
    372
    373                if format_val_name not in TSQL.convert_format_mapping:
    374                    raise ValueError(
    375                        f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}"
    376                    )
    377
    378                format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.convert_format_mapping[format_val_name])
    379
    380                # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format
    381                if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE:
    382                    return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm)
    383                # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format
    384                elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME:
    385                    return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm)
    386                # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format
    387                elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    388                    return self.expression(
    389                        exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast,
    390                        to=to,
    391                        this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm),
    392                    )
    393                elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT:
    394                    return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm)
    395
    396            # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement
    397            return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to)
    398
    399        def _parse_user_defined_function(
    400            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
    401        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    402            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
    403
    404            if (
    405                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
    406                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    407                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
    408            ):
    409                return this
    410
    411            expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
    412            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)
    413
    414    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    415        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    416
    417        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    418            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    419            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT",
    420            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    421            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    422            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2",
    423            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
    424        }
    425
    426        TRANSFORMS = {
    427            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    428            exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    429            exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    430            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    431            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    432            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
    433            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
    434            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
    435            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
    436        }
    437
    438        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
    439
    440        def systemtime_sql(self, expression: exp.SystemTime) -> str:
    441            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    442            if kind == "ALL":
    443                return "FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL"
    444
    445            start = self.sql(expression, "this")
    446            if kind == "AS OF":
    447                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF {start}"
    448
    449            end = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    450            if kind == "FROM":
    451                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME FROM {start} TO {end}"
    452            if kind == "BETWEEN":
    453                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME BETWEEN {start} AND {end}"
    454
    455            return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME CONTAINED IN ({start}, {end})"
    456
    457        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
    458            table = expression.args.get("table")
    459            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
    460            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"

def generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql(self, e): View Source

    94def generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql(self, e):
    95    func = "DATEADD" if isinstance(e, exp.DateAdd) else "DATEDIFF"
    96    return self.func(func, e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this)

class TSQL(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    130class TSQL(Dialect):
    131    null_ordering = "nulls_are_small"
    132    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
    133
    134    time_mapping = {
    135        "year": "%Y",
    136        "qq": "%q",
    137        "q": "%q",
    138        "quarter": "%q",
    139        "dayofyear": "%j",
    140        "day": "%d",
    141        "dy": "%d",
    142        "y": "%Y",
    143        "week": "%W",
    144        "ww": "%W",
    145        "wk": "%W",
    146        "hour": "%h",
    147        "hh": "%I",
    148        "minute": "%M",
    149        "mi": "%M",
    150        "n": "%M",
    151        "second": "%S",
    152        "ss": "%S",
    153        "s": "%-S",
    154        "millisecond": "%f",
    155        "ms": "%f",
    156        "weekday": "%W",
    157        "dw": "%W",
    158        "month": "%m",
    159        "mm": "%M",
    160        "m": "%-M",
    161        "Y": "%Y",
    162        "YYYY": "%Y",
    163        "YY": "%y",
    164        "MMMM": "%B",
    165        "MMM": "%b",
    166        "MM": "%m",
    167        "M": "%-m",
    168        "dd": "%d",
    169        "d": "%-d",
    170        "HH": "%H",
    171        "H": "%-H",
    172        "h": "%-I",
    173        "S": "%f",
    174        "yyyy": "%Y",
    175        "yy": "%y",
    176    }
    177
    178    convert_format_mapping = {
    179        "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
    180        "1": "%m/%d/%y",
    181        "2": "%y.%m.%d",
    182        "3": "%d/%m/%y",
    183        "4": "%d.%m.%y",
    184        "5": "%d-%m-%y",
    185        "6": "%d %b %y",
    186        "7": "%b %d, %y",
    187        "8": "%H:%M:%S",
    188        "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
    189        "10": "mm-dd-yy",
    190        "11": "yy/mm/dd",
    191        "12": "yymmdd",
    192        "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f",
    193        "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
    194        "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    195        "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    196        "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    197        "23": "%Y-%m-%d",
    198        "24": "%H:%M:%S",
    199        "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    200        "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
    201        "101": "%m/%d/%Y",
    202        "102": "%Y.%m.%d",
    203        "103": "%d/%m/%Y",
    204        "104": "%d.%m.%Y",
    205        "105": "%d-%m-%Y",
    206        "106": "%d %b %Y",
    207        "107": "%b %d, %Y",
    208        "108": "%H:%M:%S",
    209        "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
    210        "110": "%m-%d-%Y",
    211        "111": "%Y/%m/%d",
    212        "112": "%Y%m%d",
    213        "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f",
    214        "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
    215        "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    216        "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    217    }
    218    # not sure if complete
    219    format_time_mapping = {
    220        "y": "%B %Y",
    221        "d": "%m/%d/%Y",
    222        "H": "%-H",
    223        "h": "%-I",
    224        "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    225        "D": "%A,%B,%Y",
    226        "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p",
    227        "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    228        "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p",
    229        "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    230        "M": "%B %-d",
    231        "m": "%B %-d",
    232        "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
    233        "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z",
    234        "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z",
    235        "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p",
    236        "t": "%-I:%M",
    237        "Y": "%a %Y",
    238    }
    239
    240    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    241        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")]
    242
    243        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    244
    245        KEYWORDS = {
    246            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    247            "BIT": TokenType.BOOLEAN,
    248            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME,
    249            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    250            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
    252            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    253            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
    254            "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    255            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    256            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
    257            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
    258            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
    259            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME,
    260            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
    261            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
    262            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    263            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    264            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
    265            "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    266            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    267        }
    268
    269        # TSQL allows @, # to appear as a variable/identifier prefix
    270        SINGLE_TOKENS = tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    271        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("@")
    272        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
    273
    274    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    275        FUNCTIONS = {
    276            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    277            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    278                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    279                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
    280                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    281            ),
    282            "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
    283            "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    284            "DATEDIFF": parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    285            "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
    286            "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr),
    287            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    288            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    289            "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    290            "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list,
    291            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
    292            "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    293            "FORMAT": _parse_format,
    294            "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth,
    295        }
    296
    297        VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = {
    298            DataType.Type.NVARCHAR,
    299            DataType.Type.VARCHAR,
    300            DataType.Type.CHAR,
    301            DataType.Type.NCHAR,
    302        }
    303
    304        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {  # type: ignore
    305            TokenType.TABLE,
    306            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    307        }
    308
    309        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    310            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    311            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(),
    312        }
    313
    314        def _parse_system_time(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    315            if not self._match_text_seq("FOR", "SYSTEM_TIME"):
    316                return None
    317
    318            if self._match_text_seq("AS", "OF"):
    319                system_time = self.expression(
    320                    exp.SystemTime, this=self._parse_bitwise(), kind="AS OF"
    321                )
    322            elif self._match_set((TokenType.FROM, TokenType.BETWEEN)):
    323                kind = self._prev.text
    324                this = self._parse_bitwise()
    325                self._match_texts(("TO", "AND"))
    326                expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    327                system_time = self.expression(
    328                    exp.SystemTime, this=this, expression=expression, kind=kind
    329                )
    330            elif self._match_text_seq("CONTAINED", "IN"):
    331                args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_bitwise)
    332                system_time = self.expression(
    333                    exp.SystemTime,
    334                    this=seq_get(args, 0),
    335                    expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    336                    kind="CONTAINED IN",
    337                )
    338            elif self._match(TokenType.ALL):
    339                system_time = self.expression(exp.SystemTime, kind="ALL")
    340            else:
    341                system_time = None
    342                self.raise_error("Unable to parse FOR SYSTEM_TIME clause")
    343
    344            return system_time
    345
    346        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    347            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    348            table.set("system_time", self._parse_system_time())
    349            return table
    350
    351        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.Expression:
    352            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
    353            returns = super()._parse_returns()
    354            returns.set("table", table)
    355            return returns
    356
    357        def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    358            to = self._parse_types()
    359            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    360            this = self._parse_conjunction()
    361
    362            if not to or not this:
    363                return None
    364
    365            # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified
    366            if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    367                to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False)
    368
    369            # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable
    370            if self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
    371                format_val = self._parse_number()
    372                format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else ""
    373
    374                if format_val_name not in TSQL.convert_format_mapping:
    375                    raise ValueError(
    376                        f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}"
    377                    )
    378
    379                format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.convert_format_mapping[format_val_name])
    380
    381                # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format
    382                if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE:
    383                    return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm)
    384                # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format
    385                elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME:
    386                    return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm)
    387                # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format
    388                elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    389                    return self.expression(
    390                        exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast,
    391                        to=to,
    392                        this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm),
    393                    )
    394                elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT:
    395                    return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm)
    396
    397            # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement
    398            return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to)
    399
    400        def _parse_user_defined_function(
    401            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
    402        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    403            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
    404
    405            if (
    406                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
    407                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    408                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
    409            ):
    410                return this
    411
    412            expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
    413            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)
    414
    415    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    416        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    417
    418        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    419            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    420            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT",
    421            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    422            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    423            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2",
    424            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
    425        }
    426
    427        TRANSFORMS = {
    428            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    429            exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    430            exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    431            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    432            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    433            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
    434            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
    435            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
    436            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
    437        }
    438
    439        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
    440
    441        def systemtime_sql(self, expression: exp.SystemTime) -> str:
    442            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    443            if kind == "ALL":
    444                return "FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL"
    445
    446            start = self.sql(expression, "this")
    447            if kind == "AS OF":
    448                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF {start}"
    449
    450            end = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    451            if kind == "FROM":
    452                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME FROM {start} TO {end}"
    453            if kind == "BETWEEN":
    454                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME BETWEEN {start} AND {end}"
    455
    456            return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME CONTAINED IN ({start}, {end})"
    457
    458        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
    459            table = expression.args.get("table")
    460            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
    461            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  parser
  generator

class TSQL.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    240    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    241        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")]
    242
    243        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    244
    245        KEYWORDS = {
    246            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    247            "BIT": TokenType.BOOLEAN,
    248            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME,
    249            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    250            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
    252            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    253            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
    254            "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    255            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    256            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
    257            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
    258            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
    259            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME,
    260            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
    261            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
    262            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    263            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    264            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
    265            "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    266            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    267        }
    268
    269        # TSQL allows @, # to appear as a variable/identifier prefix
    270        SINGLE_TOKENS = tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    271        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("@")
    272        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize

class TSQL.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    274    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    275        FUNCTIONS = {
    276            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    277            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    278                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    279                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
    280                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    281            ),
    282            "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
    283            "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    284            "DATEDIFF": parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    285            "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
    286            "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr),
    287            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    288            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    289            "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    290            "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list,
    291            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
    292            "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    293            "FORMAT": _parse_format,
    294            "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth,
    295        }
    296
    297        VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = {
    298            DataType.Type.NVARCHAR,
    299            DataType.Type.VARCHAR,
    300            DataType.Type.CHAR,
    301            DataType.Type.NCHAR,
    302        }
    303
    304        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {  # type: ignore
    305            TokenType.TABLE,
    306            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    307        }
    308
    309        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    310            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    311            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(),
    312        }
    313
    314        def _parse_system_time(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    315            if not self._match_text_seq("FOR", "SYSTEM_TIME"):
    316                return None
    317
    318            if self._match_text_seq("AS", "OF"):
    319                system_time = self.expression(
    320                    exp.SystemTime, this=self._parse_bitwise(), kind="AS OF"
    321                )
    322            elif self._match_set((TokenType.FROM, TokenType.BETWEEN)):
    323                kind = self._prev.text
    324                this = self._parse_bitwise()
    325                self._match_texts(("TO", "AND"))
    326                expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    327                system_time = self.expression(
    328                    exp.SystemTime, this=this, expression=expression, kind=kind
    329                )
    330            elif self._match_text_seq("CONTAINED", "IN"):
    331                args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_bitwise)
    332                system_time = self.expression(
    333                    exp.SystemTime,
    334                    this=seq_get(args, 0),
    335                    expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    336                    kind="CONTAINED IN",
    337                )
    338            elif self._match(TokenType.ALL):
    339                system_time = self.expression(exp.SystemTime, kind="ALL")
    340            else:
    341                system_time = None
    342                self.raise_error("Unable to parse FOR SYSTEM_TIME clause")
    343
    344            return system_time
    345
    346        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    347            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    348            table.set("system_time", self._parse_system_time())
    349            return table
    350
    351        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.Expression:
    352            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
    353            returns = super()._parse_returns()
    354            returns.set("table", table)
    355            return returns
    356
    357        def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    358            to = self._parse_types()
    359            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    360            this = self._parse_conjunction()
    361
    362            if not to or not this:
    363                return None
    364
    365            # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified
    366            if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    367                to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False)
    368
    369            # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable
    370            if self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
    371                format_val = self._parse_number()
    372                format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else ""
    373
    374                if format_val_name not in TSQL.convert_format_mapping:
    375                    raise ValueError(
    376                        f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}"
    377                    )
    378
    379                format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.convert_format_mapping[format_val_name])
    380
    381                # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format
    382                if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE:
    383                    return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm)
    384                # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format
    385                elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME:
    386                    return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm)
    387                # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format
    388                elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    389                    return self.expression(
    390                        exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast,
    391                        to=to,
    392                        this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm),
    393                    )
    394                elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT:
    395                    return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm)
    396
    397            # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement
    398            return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to)
    399
    400        def _parse_user_defined_function(
    401            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
    402        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    403            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
    404
    405            if (
    406                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
    407                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    408                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
    409            ):
    410                return this
    411
    412            expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
    413            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the `sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer` and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
- error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
- index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
- alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression

class TSQL.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    415    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    416        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    417
    418        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    419            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    420            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT",
    421            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    422            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    423            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2",
    424            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
    425        }
    426
    427        TRANSFORMS = {
    428            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    429            exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    430            exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    431            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    432            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    433            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
    434            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
    435            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
    436            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
    437        }
    438
    439        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
    440
    441        def systemtime_sql(self, expression: exp.SystemTime) -> str:
    442            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    443            if kind == "ALL":
    444                return "FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL"
    445
    446            start = self.sql(expression, "this")
    447            if kind == "AS OF":
    448                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF {start}"
    449
    450            end = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    451            if kind == "FROM":
    452                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME FROM {start} TO {end}"
    453            if kind == "BETWEEN":
    454                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME BETWEEN {start} AND {end}"
    455
    456            return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME CONTAINED IN ({start}, {end})"
    457
    458        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
    459            table = expression.args.get("table")
    460            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
    461            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

###### Arguments:

- time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
- time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
- pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
- quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identify (bool): if set to True all identifiers will be delimited by the corresponding character.
- normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
- string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
- identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
- pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
- unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
- normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
- alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
- unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
- max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def systemtime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SystemTime) -> str: View Source

    441        def systemtime_sql(self, expression: exp.SystemTime) -> str:
    442            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    443            if kind == "ALL":
    444                return "FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL"
    445
    446            start = self.sql(expression, "this")
    447            if kind == "AS OF":
    448                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF {start}"
    449
    450            end = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    451            if kind == "FROM":
    452                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME FROM {start} TO {end}"
    453            if kind == "BETWEEN":
    454                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME BETWEEN {start} AND {end}"
    455
    456            return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME CONTAINED IN ({start}, {end})"

def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty) -> str: View Source

    458        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
    459            table = expression.args.get("table")
    460            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
    461            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
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