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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    datestrtodate_sql,
      9    format_time_lambda,
     10    inline_array_sql,
     11    rename_func,
     12    timestrtotime_sql,
     13    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     14    var_map_sql,
     15)
     16from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     17from sqlglot.helper import flatten, seq_get
     18from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     19
     20
     21def _check_int(s):
     22    if s[0] in ("-", "+"):
     23        return s[1:].isdigit()
     24    return s.isdigit()
     25
     26
     27# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     28def _snowflake_to_timestamp(args):
     29    if len(args) == 2:
     30        first_arg, second_arg = args
     31        if second_arg.is_string:
     32            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     33            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     34
     35        # case: <numeric_expr> [ , <scale> ]
     36        if second_arg.name not in ["0", "3", "9"]:
     37            raise ValueError(
     38                f"Scale for snowflake numeric timestamp is {second_arg}, but should be 0, 3, or 9"
     39            )
     40
     41        if second_arg.name == "0":
     42            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
     43        elif second_arg.name == "3":
     44            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     45        elif second_arg.name == "9":
     46            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     47
     48        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=timescale)
     49
     50    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     51    if not isinstance(first_arg, Literal):
     52        # case: <variant_expr>
     53        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     54
     55    if first_arg.is_string:
     56        if _check_int(first_arg.this):
     57            # case: <integer>
     58            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     59
     60        # case: <date_expr>
     61        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     62
     63    # case: <numeric_expr>
     64    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     65
     66
     67def _unix_to_time_sql(self, expression):
     68    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
     69    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
     70    if scale in [None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS]:
     71        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp})"
     72    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
     73        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 3)"
     74    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
     75        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 9)"
     76
     77    raise ValueError("Improper scale for timestamp")
     78
     79
     80# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     81# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     82def _parse_date_part(self):
     83    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     84    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     85    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     86
     87    name = this.name.upper()
     88    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     89        if name.startswith("EPOCH_MILLISECOND"):
     90            scale = 10**3
     91        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_MICROSECOND"):
     92            scale = 10**6
     93        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_NANOSECOND"):
     94            scale = 10**9
     95        else:
     96            scale = None
     97
     98        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     99        to_unix = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    100
    101        if scale:
    102            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    103
    104        return to_unix
    105
    106    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    107
    108
    109# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    110def _div0_to_if(args):
    111    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    112    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    113    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    114    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    115
    116
    117# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    118def _zeroifnull_to_if(args):
    119    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    120    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    121
    122
    123def _datatype_sql(self, expression):
    124    if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY:
    125        return "ARRAY"
    126    elif expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.MAP:
    127        return "OBJECT"
    128    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    129
    130
    131class Snowflake(Dialect):
    132    null_ordering = "nulls_are_large"
    133    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'"
    134
    135    time_mapping = {
    136        "YYYY": "%Y",
    137        "yyyy": "%Y",
    138        "YY": "%y",
    139        "yy": "%y",
    140        "MMMM": "%B",
    141        "mmmm": "%B",
    142        "MON": "%b",
    143        "mon": "%b",
    144        "MM": "%m",
    145        "mm": "%m",
    146        "DD": "%d",
    147        "dd": "%d",
    148        "d": "%-d",
    149        "DY": "%w",
    150        "dy": "%w",
    151        "HH24": "%H",
    152        "hh24": "%H",
    153        "HH12": "%I",
    154        "hh12": "%I",
    155        "MI": "%M",
    156        "mi": "%M",
    157        "SS": "%S",
    158        "ss": "%S",
    159        "FF": "%f",
    160        "ff": "%f",
    161        "FF6": "%f",
    162        "ff6": "%f",
    163    }
    164
    165    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    166        FUNCTIONS = {
    167            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    168            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    169            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    170            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    171                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 0).name),  # type: ignore
    172                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    173            ),
    174            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    175            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    176            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    177            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    178            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    179            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    180            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
    181            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    182            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    183        }
    184
    185        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    186            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    187            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    188        }
    189        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    190
    191        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    192            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    193            TokenType.RLIKE,
    194            TokenType.TABLE,
    195        }
    196
    197        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    198            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    199            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    200                exp.Bracket,
    201                this=this,
    202                expressions=[path],
    203            ),
    204        }
    205
    206        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    207            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    208            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    209                self.expression(exp.LikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    210            ),
    211            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    212                self.expression(exp.ILikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    213            ),
    214        }
    215
    216        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    217            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    218            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    219            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    220        }
    221
    222        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    223            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    224            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    225            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)
    226
    227    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    228        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    229        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    230
    231        KEYWORDS = {
    232            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    233            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    234            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    235            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    236            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    237            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    238            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    239            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    240            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    241            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    242            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    243            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    244            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    245        }
    246
    247        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    248            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    249            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    250        }
    251
    252    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    253        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    254
    255        TRANSFORMS = {
    256            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    257            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    258            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    259            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    260            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    261            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    262            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    263            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    264            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    265            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    266            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    267            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
    268            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    269                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    270            ),
    271            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    272            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    273            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    274            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    275            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    276            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    277            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    278        }
    279
    280        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    281            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    282            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    283        }
    284
    285        STAR_MAPPING = {
    286            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    287            "replace": "RENAME",
    288        }
    289
    290        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    291            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    292            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    293        }
    294
    295        def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: exp.ILikeAny) -> str:
    296            return self.binary(expression, "ILIKE ANY")
    297
    298        def likeany_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeAny) -> str:
    299            return self.binary(expression, "LIKE ANY")
    300
    301        def except_op(self, expression):
    302            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    303                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    304            return super().except_op(expression)
    305
    306        def intersect_op(self, expression):
    307            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    308                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    309            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    310
    311        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    312            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    313
    314            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    315            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    316            """
    317            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    318            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    319                expression = expression.transform(
    320                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    321                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    322                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    323                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    324                    else node,
    325                )
    326                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    327            return super().values_sql(expression)
    328
    329        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    330            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    331            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    332
    333        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    334            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    335            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    336            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    337            generating the SQL.
    338
    339            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    340            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    341            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    342            """
    343            values_expressions = expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    344            values_identifiers = set(
    345                flatten(
    346                    v.args.get("alias", exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    347                    for v in values_expressions
    348                )
    349            )
    350            if values_identifiers:
    351                expression = expression.transform(
    352                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    353                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    354                    else node,
    355                )
    356                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    357            return super().select_sql(expression)
    358
    359        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    360            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    361            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    362            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    363            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    364            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    365
    366        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    367            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    368        ) -> str:
    369            start = expression.args.get("start")
    370            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    371            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    372            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    373            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    132class Snowflake(Dialect):
    133    null_ordering = "nulls_are_large"
    134    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'"
    135
    136    time_mapping = {
    137        "YYYY": "%Y",
    138        "yyyy": "%Y",
    139        "YY": "%y",
    140        "yy": "%y",
    141        "MMMM": "%B",
    142        "mmmm": "%B",
    143        "MON": "%b",
    144        "mon": "%b",
    145        "MM": "%m",
    146        "mm": "%m",
    147        "DD": "%d",
    148        "dd": "%d",
    149        "d": "%-d",
    150        "DY": "%w",
    151        "dy": "%w",
    152        "HH24": "%H",
    153        "hh24": "%H",
    154        "HH12": "%I",
    155        "hh12": "%I",
    156        "MI": "%M",
    157        "mi": "%M",
    158        "SS": "%S",
    159        "ss": "%S",
    160        "FF": "%f",
    161        "ff": "%f",
    162        "FF6": "%f",
    163        "ff6": "%f",
    164    }
    165
    166    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    167        FUNCTIONS = {
    168            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    169            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    170            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    171            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    172                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 0).name),  # type: ignore
    173                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    174            ),
    175            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    176            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    177            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    178            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    179            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    180            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    181            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
    182            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    183            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    184        }
    185
    186        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    187            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    188            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    189        }
    190        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    191
    192        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    193            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    194            TokenType.RLIKE,
    195            TokenType.TABLE,
    196        }
    197
    198        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    199            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    200            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    201                exp.Bracket,
    202                this=this,
    203                expressions=[path],
    204            ),
    205        }
    206
    207        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    208            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    209            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    210                self.expression(exp.LikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    211            ),
    212            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    213                self.expression(exp.ILikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    214            ),
    215        }
    216
    217        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    218            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    219            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    220            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    221        }
    222
    223        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    224            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    225            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    226            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)
    227
    228    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    229        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    230        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    231
    232        KEYWORDS = {
    233            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    234            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    235            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    236            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    237            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    238            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    239            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    240            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    241            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    242            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    243            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    244            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    245            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    246        }
    247
    248        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    249            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    250            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    251        }
    252
    253    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    254        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    255
    256        TRANSFORMS = {
    257            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    258            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    259            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    260            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    261            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    262            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    263            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    264            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    265            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    266            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    267            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    268            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
    269            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    270                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    271            ),
    272            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    273            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    274            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    275            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    276            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    277            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    278            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    279        }
    280
    281        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    282            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    283            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    284        }
    285
    286        STAR_MAPPING = {
    287            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    288            "replace": "RENAME",
    289        }
    290
    291        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    292            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    293            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    294        }
    295
    296        def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: exp.ILikeAny) -> str:
    297            return self.binary(expression, "ILIKE ANY")
    298
    299        def likeany_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeAny) -> str:
    300            return self.binary(expression, "LIKE ANY")
    301
    302        def except_op(self, expression):
    303            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    304                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    305            return super().except_op(expression)
    306
    307        def intersect_op(self, expression):
    308            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    309                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    310            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    311
    312        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    313            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    314
    315            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    316            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    317            """
    318            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    319            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    320                expression = expression.transform(
    321                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    322                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    323                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    324                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    325                    else node,
    326                )
    327                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    328            return super().values_sql(expression)
    329
    330        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    331            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    332            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    333
    334        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    335            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    336            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    337            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    338            generating the SQL.
    339
    340            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    341            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    342            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    343            """
    344            values_expressions = expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    345            values_identifiers = set(
    346                flatten(
    347                    v.args.get("alias", exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    348                    for v in values_expressions
    349                )
    350            )
    351            if values_identifiers:
    352                expression = expression.transform(
    353                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    354                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    355                    else node,
    356                )
    357                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    358            return super().select_sql(expression)
    359
    360        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    361            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    362            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    363            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    364            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    365            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    366
    367        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    368            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    369        ) -> str:
    370            start = expression.args.get("start")
    371            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    372            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    373            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    374            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    166    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    167        FUNCTIONS = {
    168            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    169            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    170            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    171            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    172                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 0).name),  # type: ignore
    173                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    174            ),
    175            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    176            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    177            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    178            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    179            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    180            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    181            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
    182            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    183            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    184        }
    185
    186        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    187            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    188            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    189        }
    190        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    191
    192        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    193            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    194            TokenType.RLIKE,
    195            TokenType.TABLE,
    196        }
    197
    198        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    199            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    200            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    201                exp.Bracket,
    202                this=this,
    203                expressions=[path],
    204            ),
    205        }
    206
    207        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    208            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    209            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    210                self.expression(exp.LikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    211            ),
    212            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    213                self.expression(exp.ILikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    214            ),
    215        }
    216
    217        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    218            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    219            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    220            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    221        }
    222
    223        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    224            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    225            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    226            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the `sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer` and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
- error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
- index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
- alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    228    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    229        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    230        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    231
    232        KEYWORDS = {
    233            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    234            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    235            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    236            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    237            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    238            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    239            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    240            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    241            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    242            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    243            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    244            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    245            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    246        }
    247
    248        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    249            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    250            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    251        }

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    253    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    254        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    255
    256        TRANSFORMS = {
    257            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    258            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    259            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    260            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    261            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    262            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    263            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    264            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    265            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    266            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    267            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    268            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
    269            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    270                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    271            ),
    272            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    273            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    274            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    275            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    276            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    277            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    278            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    279        }
    280
    281        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    282            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    283            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    284        }
    285
    286        STAR_MAPPING = {
    287            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    288            "replace": "RENAME",
    289        }
    290
    291        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    292            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    293            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    294        }
    295
    296        def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: exp.ILikeAny) -> str:
    297            return self.binary(expression, "ILIKE ANY")
    298
    299        def likeany_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeAny) -> str:
    300            return self.binary(expression, "LIKE ANY")
    301
    302        def except_op(self, expression):
    303            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    304                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    305            return super().except_op(expression)
    306
    307        def intersect_op(self, expression):
    308            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    309                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    310            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    311
    312        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    313            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    314
    315            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    316            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    317            """
    318            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    319            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    320                expression = expression.transform(
    321                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    322                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    323                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    324                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    325                    else node,
    326                )
    327                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    328            return super().values_sql(expression)
    329
    330        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    331            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    332            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    333
    334        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    335            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    336            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    337            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    338            generating the SQL.
    339
    340            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    341            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    342            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    343            """
    344            values_expressions = expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    345            values_identifiers = set(
    346                flatten(
    347                    v.args.get("alias", exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    348                    for v in values_expressions
    349                )
    350            )
    351            if values_identifiers:
    352                expression = expression.transform(
    353                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    354                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    355                    else node,
    356                )
    357                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    358            return super().select_sql(expression)
    359
    360        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    361            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    362            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    363            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    364            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    365            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    366
    367        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    368            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    369        ) -> str:
    370            start = expression.args.get("start")
    371            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    372            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    373            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    374            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

###### Arguments:

- time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
- time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
- pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
- quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identify (bool): if set to True all identifiers will be delimited by the corresponding character.
- normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
- string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
- identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
- pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
- unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
- normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
- alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
- unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
- max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny) -> str: View Source

    296        def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: exp.ILikeAny) -> str:
    297            return self.binary(expression, "ILIKE ANY")

def likeany_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny) -> str: View Source

    299        def likeany_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeAny) -> str:
    300            return self.binary(expression, "LIKE ANY")

def except_op(self, expression): View Source

    302        def except_op(self, expression):
    303            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    304                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    305            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression): View Source

    307        def intersect_op(self, expression):
    308            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    309                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    310            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def values_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values) -> str: View Source

    312        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    313            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    314
    315            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    316            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    317            """
    318            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    319            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    320                expression = expression.transform(
    321                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    322                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    323                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    324                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    325                    else node,
    326                )
    327                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    328            return super().values_sql(expression)

Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.

We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.

def settag_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SetTag) -> str: View Source

    330        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    331            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    332            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"

def select_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Select) -> str: View Source

    334        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    335            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    336            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    337            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    338            generating the SQL.
    339
    340            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    341            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    342            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    343            """
    344            values_expressions = expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    345            values_identifiers = set(
    346                flatten(
    347                    v.args.get("alias", exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    348                    for v in values_expressions
    349                )
    350            )
    351            if values_identifiers:
    352                expression = expression.transform(
    353                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    354                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    355                    else node,
    356                )
    357                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    358            return super().select_sql(expression)

Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.

Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can properly quote but should be true in most cases.

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    360        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    361            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    362            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    363            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    364            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    365            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    367        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    368            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    369        ) -> str:
    370            start = expression.args.get("start")
    371            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    372            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    373            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    374            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  create_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  afterjournalproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  schema_sql
  star_sql
  structkwarg_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  window_spec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  concat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  unique_sql
  if_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  attimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql