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Supports BigQuery Standard SQL.

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      1"""Supports BigQuery Standard SQL."""
      2
      3from __future__ import annotations
      4
      5import re
      6import typing as t
      7
      8from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    datestrtodate_sql,
     12    inline_array_sql,
     13    no_ilike_sql,
     14    rename_func,
     15    timestrtotime_sql,
     16    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     17)
     18from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     19from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     20
     21E = t.TypeVar("E", bound=exp.Expression)
     22
     23
     24def _date_add(expression_class: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.Sequence], E]:
     25    def func(args):
     26        interval = seq_get(args, 1)
     27        return expression_class(
     28            this=seq_get(args, 0),
     29            expression=interval.this,
     30            unit=interval.args.get("unit"),
     31        )
     32
     33    return func
     34
     35
     36def _date_add_sql(
     37    data_type: str, kind: str
     38) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
     39    def func(self, expression):
     40        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     41        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
     42        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
     43        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit)
     44        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
     45
     46    return func
     47
     48
     49def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     50    if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
     51        expression = t.cast(exp.Values, transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types(expression))
     52        return self.values_sql(expression)
     53    rows = [tuple_exp.expressions for tuple_exp in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)]
     54    structs = []
     55    for row in rows:
     56        aliases = [
     57            exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     58            for value, column_name in zip(row, expression.args["alias"].args["columns"])
     59        ]
     60        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=aliases))
     61    unnest_exp = exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)])
     62    return self.unnest_sql(unnest_exp)
     63
     64
     65def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     66    this = expression.this
     67    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     68        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     69    else:
     70        this = self.sql(this)
     71    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     72
     73
     74def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     75    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     76    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     77    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     78        expression = expression.copy()
     79        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     80        if isinstance(
     81            expression.expression,
     82            (
     83                exp.Subquery,
     84                exp.Literal,
     85            ),
     86        ):
     87            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     88
     89        return self.create_sql(expression)
     90
     91    return self.create_sql(expression)
     92
     93
     94def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     95    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     96
     97    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     98    """
     99    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    100        unnests = {
    101            unnest.alias
    102            for unnest in expression.args.get("from", exp.From(expressions=[])).expressions
    103            if isinstance(unnest, exp.Unnest) and unnest.alias
    104        }
    105
    106        if unnests:
    107            expression = expression.copy()
    108
    109            for select in expression.expressions:
    110                for column in select.find_all(exp.Column):
    111                    if column.table in unnests:
    112                        column.set("table", None)
    113
    114    return expression
    115
    116
    117class BigQuery(Dialect):
    118    unnest_column_only = True
    119    time_mapping = {
    120        "%M": "%-M",
    121        "%d": "%-d",
    122        "%m": "%-m",
    123        "%y": "%-y",
    124        "%H": "%-H",
    125        "%I": "%-I",
    126        "%S": "%-S",
    127        "%j": "%-j",
    128    }
    129
    130    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    131        QUOTES = [
    132            (prefix + quote, quote) if prefix else quote
    133            for quote in ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    134            for prefix in ["", "r", "R"]
    135        ]
    136        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    137        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    138        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    139        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    140
    141        KEYWORDS = {
    142            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    143            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    144            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    145            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    146            "CURRENT_TIME": TokenType.CURRENT_TIME,
    147            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    148            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
    149            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    150            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    151            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    152            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    153        }
    154        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    155
    156    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    157        FUNCTIONS = {
    158            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    159            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    160                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 1).name),  # type: ignore
    161                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    162            ),
    163            "DATE_ADD": _date_add(exp.DateAdd),
    164            "DATETIME_ADD": _date_add(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    165            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    166            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    167            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    168                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    169                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    170                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    171                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    172                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    173                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    174                else None,
    175            ),
    176            "TIME_ADD": _date_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    177            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": _date_add(exp.TimestampAdd),
    178            "DATE_SUB": _date_add(exp.DateSub),
    179            "DATETIME_SUB": _date_add(exp.DatetimeSub),
    180            "TIME_SUB": _date_add(exp.TimeSub),
    181            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": _date_add(exp.TimestampSub),
    182            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: exp.StrToTime(
    183                this=seq_get(args, 1), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    184            ),
    185        }
    186
    187        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    188            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    189            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    190        }
    191        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    192
    193        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    194            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    195            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    196            TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: exp.CurrentTime,
    197        }
    198
    199        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    200            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    201            TokenType.TABLE,
    202        }
    203
    204        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    205            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    206            TokenType.VALUES,
    207        }
    208
    209        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    210            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    211            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    212                exp.VolatilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    213            ),
    214        }
    215
    216    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    217        TRANSFORMS = {
    218            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    219            **transforms.REMOVE_PRECISION_PARAMETERIZED_TYPES,  # type: ignore
    220            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    221            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    222            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    223            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    224            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    225            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    226            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    227            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    228            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    229            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    230            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    231            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    232                [_unqualify_unnest], transforms.delegate("select_sql")
    233            ),
    234            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    235            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    236            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    237            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    238            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    239            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    240            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    241            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    242            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    243            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    244            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    245            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    246            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    247            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    248            exp.VolatilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    249            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    250            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    251            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    252        }
    253
    254        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    255            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    256            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    257            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    258            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    259            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    260            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    261            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    262            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    263            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    264            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    265            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    266            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    267        }
    268        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    269            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    270            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    271        }
    272
    273        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    274
    275        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    276            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    277            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    278                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    279
    280            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    281
    282        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    283            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    284
    285        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    286            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    287
    288        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    289            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    290
    291        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    292            return self.sql(expression)
    293
    294        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    295            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    296                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    297            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    298
    299        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    300            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    301                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    302            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    118class BigQuery(Dialect):
    119    unnest_column_only = True
    120    time_mapping = {
    121        "%M": "%-M",
    122        "%d": "%-d",
    123        "%m": "%-m",
    124        "%y": "%-y",
    125        "%H": "%-H",
    126        "%I": "%-I",
    127        "%S": "%-S",
    128        "%j": "%-j",
    129    }
    130
    131    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    132        QUOTES = [
    133            (prefix + quote, quote) if prefix else quote
    134            for quote in ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    135            for prefix in ["", "r", "R"]
    136        ]
    137        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    138        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    139        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    140        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    141
    142        KEYWORDS = {
    143            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    144            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    145            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    146            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    147            "CURRENT_TIME": TokenType.CURRENT_TIME,
    148            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    149            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
    150            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    151            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    152            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    153            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    154        }
    155        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    156
    157    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    158        FUNCTIONS = {
    159            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    160            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    161                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 1).name),  # type: ignore
    162                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    163            ),
    164            "DATE_ADD": _date_add(exp.DateAdd),
    165            "DATETIME_ADD": _date_add(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    166            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    167            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    168            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    169                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    170                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    171                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    172                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    173                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    174                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    175                else None,
    176            ),
    177            "TIME_ADD": _date_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    178            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": _date_add(exp.TimestampAdd),
    179            "DATE_SUB": _date_add(exp.DateSub),
    180            "DATETIME_SUB": _date_add(exp.DatetimeSub),
    181            "TIME_SUB": _date_add(exp.TimeSub),
    182            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": _date_add(exp.TimestampSub),
    183            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: exp.StrToTime(
    184                this=seq_get(args, 1), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    185            ),
    186        }
    187
    188        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    189            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    190            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    191        }
    192        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    193
    194        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    195            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    196            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    197            TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: exp.CurrentTime,
    198        }
    199
    200        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    201            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    202            TokenType.TABLE,
    203        }
    204
    205        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    206            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    207            TokenType.VALUES,
    208        }
    209
    210        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    211            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    212            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    213                exp.VolatilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    214            ),
    215        }
    216
    217    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    218        TRANSFORMS = {
    219            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    220            **transforms.REMOVE_PRECISION_PARAMETERIZED_TYPES,  # type: ignore
    221            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    222            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    223            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    224            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    225            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    226            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    227            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    228            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    229            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    230            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    231            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    232            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    233                [_unqualify_unnest], transforms.delegate("select_sql")
    234            ),
    235            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    236            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    237            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    238            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    239            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    240            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    241            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    242            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    243            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    244            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    245            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    246            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    247            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    248            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    249            exp.VolatilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    250            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    251            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    252            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    253        }
    254
    255        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    256            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    257            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    258            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    259            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    260            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    261            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    262            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    263            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    264            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    265            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    266            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    267            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    268        }
    269        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    270            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    271            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    272        }
    273
    274        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    275
    276        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    277            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    278            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    279                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    280
    281            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    282
    283        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    284            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    285
    286        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    287            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    288
    289        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    290            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    291
    292        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    293            return self.sql(expression)
    294
    295        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    296            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    297                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    298            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    299
    300        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    301            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    302                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    303            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    131    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    132        QUOTES = [
    133            (prefix + quote, quote) if prefix else quote
    134            for quote in ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    135            for prefix in ["", "r", "R"]
    136        ]
    137        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    138        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    139        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    140        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    141
    142        KEYWORDS = {
    143            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    144            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    145            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    146            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    147            "CURRENT_TIME": TokenType.CURRENT_TIME,
    148            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    149            "GEOGRAPHY": TokenType.GEOGRAPHY,
    150            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    151            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    152            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    153            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    154        }
    155        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    157    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    158        FUNCTIONS = {
    159            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    160            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    161                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 1).name),  # type: ignore
    162                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    163            ),
    164            "DATE_ADD": _date_add(exp.DateAdd),
    165            "DATETIME_ADD": _date_add(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    166            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    167            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    168            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    169                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    170                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    171                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    172                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    173                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    174                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    175                else None,
    176            ),
    177            "TIME_ADD": _date_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    178            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": _date_add(exp.TimestampAdd),
    179            "DATE_SUB": _date_add(exp.DateSub),
    180            "DATETIME_SUB": _date_add(exp.DatetimeSub),
    181            "TIME_SUB": _date_add(exp.TimeSub),
    182            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": _date_add(exp.TimestampSub),
    183            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": lambda args: exp.StrToTime(
    184                this=seq_get(args, 1), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    185            ),
    186        }
    187
    188        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    189            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    190            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    191        }
    192        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    193
    194        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    195            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    196            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    197            TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: exp.CurrentTime,
    198        }
    199
    200        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    201            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    202            TokenType.TABLE,
    203        }
    204
    205        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    206            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    207            TokenType.VALUES,
    208        }
    209
    210        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    211            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    212            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    213                exp.VolatilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    214            ),
    215        }

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the `sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer` and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
- error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
- index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
- alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    217    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    218        TRANSFORMS = {
    219            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    220            **transforms.REMOVE_PRECISION_PARAMETERIZED_TYPES,  # type: ignore
    221            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    222            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    223            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    224            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    225            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    226            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    227            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    228            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    229            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    230            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    231            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    232            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    233                [_unqualify_unnest], transforms.delegate("select_sql")
    234            ),
    235            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_TIMESTAMP({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    236            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    237            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    238            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    239            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    240            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    241            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    242            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    243            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    244            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    245            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    246            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    247            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    248            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    249            exp.VolatilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    250            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    251            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    252            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    253        }
    254
    255        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    256            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    257            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    258            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    259            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    260            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    261            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    262            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    263            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    264            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    265            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    266            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    267            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    268        }
    269        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    270            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    271            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    272        }
    273
    274        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    275
    276        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    277            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    278            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    279                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    280
    281            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    282
    283        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    284            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    285
    286        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    287            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    288
    289        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    290            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    291
    292        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    293            return self.sql(expression)
    294
    295        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    296            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    297                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    298            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    299
    300        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    301            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    302                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    303            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

###### Arguments:

- time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
- time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
- pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
- quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identify (bool): if set to True all identifiers will be delimited by the corresponding character.
- normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
- string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
- identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
- pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
- unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
- normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
- alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
- unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
- max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    276        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    277            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    278            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    279                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    280
    281            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    283        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    284            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    286        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    287            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    289        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    290            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    292        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    293            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    295        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    296            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    297                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    298            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    300        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    301            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    302                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    303            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  create_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  afterjournalproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  star_sql
  structkwarg_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  window_spec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  concat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  unique_sql
  if_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  attimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql