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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_timestamp_sql,
     20    regexp_extract_sql,
     21    rename_func,
     22    right_to_substring_sql,
     23    sha256_sql,
     24    strposition_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    timestamptrunc_sql,
     27    timestrtotime_sql,
     28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     29    unit_to_str,
     30    sequence_sql,
     31    build_regexp_extract,
     32    explode_to_unnest_sql,
     33)
     34from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     35from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     36from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     37from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
     38from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     39from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     40from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
     41
     42DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     43
     44
     45def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     46    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     47    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     48
     49
     50def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     51    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     52        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     53    else:
     54        comparator = None
     55    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     56
     57
     58def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     59    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.PartitionedByProperty):
     60        # Any columns in the ARRAY[] string literals should not be quoted
     61        expression.transform(lambda n: n.name if isinstance(n, exp.Identifier) else n, copy=False)
     62
     63        partition_exprs = [
     64            self.sql(c) if isinstance(c, (exp.Func, exp.Property)) else self.sql(c, "this")
     65            for c in expression.expressions
     66        ]
     67        return self.sql(exp.Array(expressions=[exp.Literal.string(c) for c in partition_exprs]))
     68
     69    if expression.parent:
     70        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     71            if schema is expression:
     72                continue
     73
     74            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     75            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     76                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     77
     78    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     79
     80
     81def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     82    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     83    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     84
     85
     86def _str_to_time_sql(
     87    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     88) -> str:
     89    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     90
     91
     92def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     93    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     94    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     95        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
     96    return self.sql(
     97        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
     98    )
     99
    100
    101def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    102    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
    103    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    104    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
    105
    106
    107def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    108    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    109    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    110    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    111    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    112
    113
    114def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    115    if len(args) == 4:
    116        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    117            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    118            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    119            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    120            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    121        )
    122    if len(args) == 3:
    123        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    124            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    125        )
    126    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    127
    128
    129def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    130    if len(args) == 3:
    131        return exp.UnixToTime(
    132            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    133            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    134            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    135        )
    136    if len(args) == 2:
    137        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    138
    139    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    140
    141
    142def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    143    """
    144    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    145    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    146    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    147
    148    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    149    """
    150    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    151        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    152
    153    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    154
    155
    156def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    157    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    158    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    159    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    160        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    161
    162    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    163
    164
    165def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    166    if not expression.type:
    167        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    168
    169        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    170    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    171        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    172    return expression
    173
    174
    175def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    176    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    177    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    178        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    179        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    180
    181    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    182    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    183    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    184
    185
    186def _date_delta_sql(
    187    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    188) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    189    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    190        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
    191        return self.func(
    192            name,
    193            unit_to_str(expression),
    194            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    195            expression.this,
    196        )
    197
    198    return _delta_sql
    199
    200
    201def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
    202    explode = expression.this
    203    if isinstance(explode, exp.Explode):
    204        exploded_type = explode.this.type
    205        alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    206
    207        # This attempts a best-effort transpilation of LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE on a struct array
    208        if (
    209            isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
    210            and isinstance(exploded_type, exp.DataType)
    211            and exploded_type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY)
    212            and exploded_type.expressions
    213            and exploded_type.expressions[0].is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    214        ):
    215            # When unnesting a ROW in Presto, it produces N columns, so we need to fix the alias
    216            alias.set("columns", [c.this.copy() for c in exploded_type.expressions[0].expressions])
    217    elif isinstance(explode, exp.Inline):
    218        explode.replace(exp.Explode(this=explode.this.copy()))
    219
    220    return explode_to_unnest_sql(self, expression)
    221
    222
    223def _amend_exploded_column_table(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    224    # We check for expression.type because the columns can be amended only if types were inferred
    225    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select) and expression.type:
    226        for lateral in expression.args.get("laterals") or []:
    227            alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    228            if (
    229                not isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode)
    230                or not isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
    231                or len(alias.columns) != 1
    232            ):
    233                continue
    234
    235            new_table = alias.this
    236            old_table = alias.columns[0].name.lower()
    237
    238            # When transpiling a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE Spark query, the exploded fields may be qualified
    239            # with the struct column, resulting in invalid Presto references that need to be amended
    240            for column in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Column):
    241                if column.db.lower() == old_table:
    242                    column.set("table", column.args["db"].pop())
    243                elif column.table.lower() == old_table:
    244                    column.set("table", new_table.copy())
    245                elif column.name.lower() == old_table and isinstance(column.parent, exp.Dot):
    246                    column.parent.replace(exp.column(column.parent.expression, table=new_table))
    247
    248    return expression
    249
    250
    251class Presto(Dialect):
    252    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    253    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    254    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    255    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    256    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    257    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    258    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    259    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    260    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    261
    262    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    263
    264    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    265    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    266    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    267    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    268
    269    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    270    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    271    ANNOTATORS = {
    272        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    273        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    274        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    275        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    276        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    277        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    278        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    279        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    280        if e.this
    281        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    282    }
    283
    284    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    285        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    286        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    287            (prefix + q, q)
    288            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    289            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    290        ]
    291
    292        KEYWORDS = {
    293            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    294            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    295            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    296            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    297            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    298            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    299            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    300            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    301            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    302            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    303            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    304            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    305        }
    306        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    307        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    308
    309    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    310        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    311
    312        FUNCTIONS = {
    313            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    314            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    315            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    316            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    317            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    318            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    319            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    320            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    321            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    322            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    323            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    324                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    325            ),
    326            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    327                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    328            ),
    329            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    330            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    331            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    332            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    333            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    334                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    335            ),
    336            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    337            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    338            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    339                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    340            ),
    341            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    342                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    343            ),
    344            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    345            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    346            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    347            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    348            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    349                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    350                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    351                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    352            ),
    353            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    354            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    355            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    356            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    357            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    358                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    359            ),
    360            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    361            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    362            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    363                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    364            ),
    365            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    366            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    367            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    368        }
    369
    370        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    371        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    372
    373    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    374        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    375        JOIN_HINTS = False
    376        TABLE_HINTS = False
    377        QUERY_HINTS = False
    378        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    379        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    380        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    381        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    382        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    383        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    384        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    385        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    386        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    387        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    388        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    389        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    390        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    391        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    392        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    393
    394        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    395            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    396            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    397            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    398        }
    399
    400        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    401            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    402            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    403            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    404            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    405            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    406            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    407            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    408            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    409            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    410            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    414        }
    415
    416        TRANSFORMS = {
    417            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    418            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    419            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    420            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    421            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    422            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    423            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    424            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    425            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    426            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    427            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    428            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    429            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    430            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    431                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    432            ),
    433            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    434            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    435            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    436                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    437            ),
    438            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    439            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    440            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    441            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    442            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    443            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    444            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    445                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    446            ),
    447            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    448            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    449            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    450            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    451            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    452            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    453            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    454            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    455            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    456            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    457            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    458            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    459            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    460            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    461            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    462            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    463            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    464            exp.If: if_sql(),
    465            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    466            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    467            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    468            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    469            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    470            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    471            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    472                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    473            ),
    474            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    475            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    476            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    477            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    478            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    479            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    480            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    481            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    482            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    483            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    484                [
    485                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    486                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    487                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    488                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    489                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
    490                ]
    491            ),
    492            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    493            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    494            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    495            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    496            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    497            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    498            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    499            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    500            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    501            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    502            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    503            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    504            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    505                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    506            ),
    507            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    508            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    509            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    510            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    511            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    512            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    513            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    514            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    515            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    516            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    517            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    518            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    519            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    520            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    521            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    522            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    523            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    524            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    525                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    526            ),
    527            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    528            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    529            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    530            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    531        }
    532
    533        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    534            "alter",
    535            "and",
    536            "as",
    537            "between",
    538            "by",
    539            "case",
    540            "cast",
    541            "constraint",
    542            "create",
    543            "cross",
    544            "current_time",
    545            "current_timestamp",
    546            "deallocate",
    547            "delete",
    548            "describe",
    549            "distinct",
    550            "drop",
    551            "else",
    552            "end",
    553            "escape",
    554            "except",
    555            "execute",
    556            "exists",
    557            "extract",
    558            "false",
    559            "for",
    560            "from",
    561            "full",
    562            "group",
    563            "having",
    564            "in",
    565            "inner",
    566            "insert",
    567            "intersect",
    568            "into",
    569            "is",
    570            "join",
    571            "left",
    572            "like",
    573            "natural",
    574            "not",
    575            "null",
    576            "on",
    577            "or",
    578            "order",
    579            "outer",
    580            "prepare",
    581            "right",
    582            "select",
    583            "table",
    584            "then",
    585            "true",
    586            "union",
    587            "using",
    588            "values",
    589            "when",
    590            "where",
    591            "with",
    592        }
    593
    594        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    595            this = expression.this
    596            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    597
    598            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    599                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    600
    601                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    602
    603            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    604                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    605
    606            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    607
    608        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    609            this = expression.this
    610
    611            if not this.type:
    612                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    613
    614                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    615
    616            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    617                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    618
    619            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    620
    621        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    622            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    623            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    624            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    625            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    626            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    627            this = expression.this
    628            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    629            value_as_timestamp = (
    630                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    631            )
    632
    633            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    634
    635            formatted_value = self.func(
    636                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    637            )
    638            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    639                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    640                formatted_value,
    641                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    642            )
    643            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    644            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    645
    646        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    647            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    648                return self.func(
    649                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    650                    expression.this,
    651                    seq_get(
    652                        apply_index_offset(
    653                            expression.this,
    654                            expression.expressions,
    655                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    656                            dialect=self.dialect,
    657                        ),
    658                        0,
    659                    ),
    660                )
    661            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    662
    663        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    664            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    665
    666            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    667            values: t.List[str] = []
    668            schema: t.List[str] = []
    669            unknown_type = False
    670
    671            for e in expression.expressions:
    672                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    673                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    674                        unknown_type = True
    675                    else:
    676                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    677                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    678                else:
    679                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    680
    681            size = len(expression.expressions)
    682
    683            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    684                if unknown_type:
    685                    self.unsupported(
    686                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    687                    )
    688                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    689            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    690
    691        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    692            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    693                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    694            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    695
    696        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    697            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    698            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    699            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    700
    701        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    702            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    703        ) -> t.List[str]:
    704            return [
    705                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    706                self.sql(limit),
    707            ]
    708
    709        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    710            """
    711            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    712            so we need to remove them
    713            """
    714            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    715            schema = expression.this
    716            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    717                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    718            return super().create_sql(expression)
    719
    720        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    721            """
    722            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    723            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    724            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    725            """
    726            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    727            if len(tables) > 1:
    728                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    729
    730            table = tables[0]
    731            expression.set("this", table)
    732            expression.set("tables", None)
    733
    734            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    735                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    736                if table_alias:
    737                    table_alias.pop()
    738                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    739
    740            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    741
    742        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    743            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    744
    745            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    746            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    747            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    748                return self.func(
    749                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    750                )
    751
    752            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    753
    754            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    755            segments = []
    756            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    757                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    758                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    759                    self.unsupported(
    760                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    761                    )
    762                    continue
    763                key = path_key.this
    764                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    765                    key = f'"{key}"'
    766                segments.append(f".{key}")
    767
    768            expr = "".join(segments)
    769
    770            return f"{this}{expr}"
    771
    772        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    773            return self.func(
    774                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    775                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    776                expression.args.get("separator"),
    777            )

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    252class Presto(Dialect):
    253    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    254    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    255    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    256    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    257    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    258    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    259    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    260    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    261    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    262
    263    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    264
    265    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    266    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    267    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    268    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    269
    270    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    271    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    272    ANNOTATORS = {
    273        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    274        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    275        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    276        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    277        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    278        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    279        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    280        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    281        if e.this
    282        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    283    }
    284
    285    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    286        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    287        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    288            (prefix + q, q)
    289            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    290            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    291        ]
    292
    293        KEYWORDS = {
    294            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    295            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    296            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    297            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    298            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    299            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    300            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    301            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    302            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    303            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    304            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    305            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    306        }
    307        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    308        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    309
    310    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    311        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    312
    313        FUNCTIONS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    315            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    316            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    317            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    318            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    319            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    320            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    321            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    322            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    323            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    324            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    325                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    326            ),
    327            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    328                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    329            ),
    330            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    331            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    332            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    333            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    334            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    335                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    336            ),
    337            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    338            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    339            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    340                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    341            ),
    342            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    343                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    344            ),
    345            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    346            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    347            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    348            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    349            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    350                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    351                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    352                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    353            ),
    354            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    355            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    356            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    357            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    358            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    359                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    360            ),
    361            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    362            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    363            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    364                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    365            ),
    366            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    367            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    368            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    369        }
    370
    371        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    372        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    373
    374    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    375        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    376        JOIN_HINTS = False
    377        TABLE_HINTS = False
    378        QUERY_HINTS = False
    379        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    380        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    381        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    382        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    383        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    384        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    385        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    386        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    387        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    388        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    389        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    390        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    391        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    392        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    393        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    394
    395        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    396            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    397            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    398            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    399        }
    400
    401        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    402            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    403            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    404            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    405            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    406            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    407            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    408            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    409            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    410            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    414            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    415        }
    416
    417        TRANSFORMS = {
    418            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    419            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    420            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    421            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    422            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    423            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    424            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    425            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    426            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    427            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    428            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    429            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    430            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    431            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    432                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    433            ),
    434            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    435            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    436            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    437                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    438            ),
    439            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    440            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    441            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    442            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    443            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    444            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    445            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    446                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    447            ),
    448            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    449            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    450            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    451            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    452            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    453            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    454            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    455            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    456            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    457            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    458            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    459            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    460            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    461            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    462            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    463            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    464            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    465            exp.If: if_sql(),
    466            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    467            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    468            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    469            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    470            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    471            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    472            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    473                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    474            ),
    475            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    476            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    477            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    478            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    479            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    480            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    481            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    482            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    483            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    484            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    485                [
    486                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    487                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    488                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    489                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    490                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
    491                ]
    492            ),
    493            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    494            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    495            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    496            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    497            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    498            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    499            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    500            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    501            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    502            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    503            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    504            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    505            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    506                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    507            ),
    508            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    509            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    510            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    511            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    512            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    513            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    514            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    515            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    516            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    517            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    518            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    519            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    520            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    521            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    522            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    523            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    524            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    525            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    526                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    527            ),
    528            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    529            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    530            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    531            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    532        }
    533
    534        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    535            "alter",
    536            "and",
    537            "as",
    538            "between",
    539            "by",
    540            "case",
    541            "cast",
    542            "constraint",
    543            "create",
    544            "cross",
    545            "current_time",
    546            "current_timestamp",
    547            "deallocate",
    548            "delete",
    549            "describe",
    550            "distinct",
    551            "drop",
    552            "else",
    553            "end",
    554            "escape",
    555            "except",
    556            "execute",
    557            "exists",
    558            "extract",
    559            "false",
    560            "for",
    561            "from",
    562            "full",
    563            "group",
    564            "having",
    565            "in",
    566            "inner",
    567            "insert",
    568            "intersect",
    569            "into",
    570            "is",
    571            "join",
    572            "left",
    573            "like",
    574            "natural",
    575            "not",
    576            "null",
    577            "on",
    578            "or",
    579            "order",
    580            "outer",
    581            "prepare",
    582            "right",
    583            "select",
    584            "table",
    585            "then",
    586            "true",
    587            "union",
    588            "using",
    589            "values",
    590            "when",
    591            "where",
    592            "with",
    593        }
    594
    595        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    596            this = expression.this
    597            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    598
    599            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    600                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    601
    602                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    603
    604            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    605                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    606
    607            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    608
    609        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    610            this = expression.this
    611
    612            if not this.type:
    613                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    614
    615                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    616
    617            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    618                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    619
    620            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    621
    622        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    623            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    624            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    625            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    626            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    627            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    628            this = expression.this
    629            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    630            value_as_timestamp = (
    631                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    632            )
    633
    634            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    635
    636            formatted_value = self.func(
    637                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    638            )
    639            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    640                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    641                formatted_value,
    642                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    643            )
    644            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    645            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    646
    647        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    648            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    649                return self.func(
    650                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    651                    expression.this,
    652                    seq_get(
    653                        apply_index_offset(
    654                            expression.this,
    655                            expression.expressions,
    656                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    657                            dialect=self.dialect,
    658                        ),
    659                        0,
    660                    ),
    661                )
    662            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    663
    664        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    665            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    666
    667            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    668            values: t.List[str] = []
    669            schema: t.List[str] = []
    670            unknown_type = False
    671
    672            for e in expression.expressions:
    673                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    674                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    675                        unknown_type = True
    676                    else:
    677                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    678                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    679                else:
    680                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    681
    682            size = len(expression.expressions)
    683
    684            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    685                if unknown_type:
    686                    self.unsupported(
    687                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    688                    )
    689                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    690            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    691
    692        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    693            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    694                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    695            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    696
    697        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    698            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    699            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    700            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    701
    702        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    703            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    704        ) -> t.List[str]:
    705            return [
    706                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    707                self.sql(limit),
    708            ]
    709
    710        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    711            """
    712            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    713            so we need to remove them
    714            """
    715            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    716            schema = expression.this
    717            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    718                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    719            return super().create_sql(expression)
    720
    721        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    722            """
    723            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    724            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    725            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    726            """
    727            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    728            if len(tables) > 1:
    729                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    730
    731            table = tables[0]
    732            expression.set("this", table)
    733            expression.set("tables", None)
    734
    735            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    736                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    737                if table_alias:
    738                    table_alias.pop()
    739                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    740
    741            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    742
    743        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    744            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    745
    746            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    747            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    748            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    749                return self.func(
    750                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    751                )
    752
    753            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    754
    755            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    756            segments = []
    757            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    758                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    759                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    760                    self.unsupported(
    761                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    762                    )
    763                    continue
    764                key = path_key.this
    765                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    766                    key = f'"{key}"'
    767                segments.append(f".{key}")
    768
    769            expr = "".join(segments)
    770
    771            return f"{this}{expr}"
    772
    773        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    774            return self.func(
    775                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    776                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    777                expression.args.get("separator"),
    778            )

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    285    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    286        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    287        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    288            (prefix + q, q)
    289            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    290            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    291        ]
    292
    293        KEYWORDS = {
    294            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    295            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    296            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    297            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    298            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    299            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    300            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    301            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    302            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    303            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    304            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    305            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    306        }
    307        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    308        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    310    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    311        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    312
    313        FUNCTIONS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    315            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    316            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    317            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    318            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    319            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    320            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    321            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    322            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    323            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    324            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    325                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    326            ),
    327            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    328                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    329            ),
    330            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    331            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    332            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    333            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    334            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    335                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    336            ),
    337            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    338            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    339            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    340                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    341            ),
    342            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    343                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    344            ),
    345            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    346            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    347            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    348            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    349            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    350                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    351                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    352                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    353            ),
    354            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    355            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    356            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    357            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    358            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    359                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    360            ),
    361            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    362            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    363            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    364                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    365            ),
    366            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    367            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    368            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    369        }
    370
    371        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    372        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.NOTHING: 'NOTHING'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.NOTHING: 'NOTHING'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COLON_PLACEHOLDER_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
  MODIFIABLES
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  parse_set_operation
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    374    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    375        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    376        JOIN_HINTS = False
    377        TABLE_HINTS = False
    378        QUERY_HINTS = False
    379        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    380        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    381        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    382        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    383        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    384        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    385        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    386        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    387        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    388        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    389        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    390        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    391        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    392        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    393        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    394
    395        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    396            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    397            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    398            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    399        }
    400
    401        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    402            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    403            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    404            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    405            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    406            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    407            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    408            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    409            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    410            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    414            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    415        }
    416
    417        TRANSFORMS = {
    418            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    419            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    420            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    421            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    422            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    423            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    424            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    425            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    426            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    427            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    428            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    429            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    430            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    431            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    432                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    433            ),
    434            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    435            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    436            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    437                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    438            ),
    439            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    440            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    441            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    442            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    443            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    444            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    445            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    446                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    447            ),
    448            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    449            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    450            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    451            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    452            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    453            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    454            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    455            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    456            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    457            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    458            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    459            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    460            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    461            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    462            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    463            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    464            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    465            exp.If: if_sql(),
    466            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    467            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    468            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    469            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    470            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    471            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    472            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    473                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    474            ),
    475            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    476            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    477            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    478            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    479            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    480            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    481            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    482            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    483            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    484            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    485                [
    486                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    487                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    488                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    489                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    490                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
    491                ]
    492            ),
    493            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    494            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    495            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    496            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    497            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    498            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    499            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    500            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    501            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    502            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    503            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    504            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    505            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    506                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    507            ),
    508            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    509            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    510            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    511            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    512            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    513            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    514            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    515            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    516            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    517            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    518            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    519            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    520            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    521            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    522            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    523            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    524            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    525            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    526                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    527            ),
    528            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    529            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    530            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    531            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    532        }
    533
    534        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    535            "alter",
    536            "and",
    537            "as",
    538            "between",
    539            "by",
    540            "case",
    541            "cast",
    542            "constraint",
    543            "create",
    544            "cross",
    545            "current_time",
    546            "current_timestamp",
    547            "deallocate",
    548            "delete",
    549            "describe",
    550            "distinct",
    551            "drop",
    552            "else",
    553            "end",
    554            "escape",
    555            "except",
    556            "execute",
    557            "exists",
    558            "extract",
    559            "false",
    560            "for",
    561            "from",
    562            "full",
    563            "group",
    564            "having",
    565            "in",
    566            "inner",
    567            "insert",
    568            "intersect",
    569            "into",
    570            "is",
    571            "join",
    572            "left",
    573            "like",
    574            "natural",
    575            "not",
    576            "null",
    577            "on",
    578            "or",
    579            "order",
    580            "outer",
    581            "prepare",
    582            "right",
    583            "select",
    584            "table",
    585            "then",
    586            "true",
    587            "union",
    588            "using",
    589            "values",
    590            "when",
    591            "where",
    592            "with",
    593        }
    594
    595        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    596            this = expression.this
    597            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    598
    599            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    600                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    601
    602                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    603
    604            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    605                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    606
    607            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    608
    609        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    610            this = expression.this
    611
    612            if not this.type:
    613                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    614
    615                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    616
    617            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    618                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    619
    620            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    621
    622        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    623            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    624            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    625            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    626            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    627            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    628            this = expression.this
    629            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    630            value_as_timestamp = (
    631                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    632            )
    633
    634            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    635
    636            formatted_value = self.func(
    637                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    638            )
    639            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    640                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    641                formatted_value,
    642                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    643            )
    644            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    645            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    646
    647        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    648            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    649                return self.func(
    650                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    651                    expression.this,
    652                    seq_get(
    653                        apply_index_offset(
    654                            expression.this,
    655                            expression.expressions,
    656                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    657                            dialect=self.dialect,
    658                        ),
    659                        0,
    660                    ),
    661                )
    662            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    663
    664        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    665            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    666
    667            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    668            values: t.List[str] = []
    669            schema: t.List[str] = []
    670            unknown_type = False
    671
    672            for e in expression.expressions:
    673                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    674                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    675                        unknown_type = True
    676                    else:
    677                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    678                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    679                else:
    680                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    681
    682            size = len(expression.expressions)
    683
    684            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    685                if unknown_type:
    686                    self.unsupported(
    687                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    688                    )
    689                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    690            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    691
    692        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    693            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    694                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    695            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    696
    697        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    698            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    699            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    700            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    701
    702        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    703            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    704        ) -> t.List[str]:
    705            return [
    706                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    707                self.sql(limit),
    708            ]
    709
    710        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    711            """
    712            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    713            so we need to remove them
    714            """
    715            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    716            schema = expression.this
    717            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    718                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    719            return super().create_sql(expression)
    720
    721        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    722            """
    723            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    724            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    725            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    726            """
    727            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    728            if len(tables) > 1:
    729                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    730
    731            table = tables[0]
    732            expression.set("this", table)
    733            expression.set("tables", None)
    734
    735            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    736                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    737                if table_alias:
    738                    table_alias.pop()
    739                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    740
    741            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    742
    743        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    744            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    745
    746            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    747            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    748            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    749                return self.func(
    750                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    751                )
    752
    753            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    754
    755            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    756            segments = []
    757            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    758                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    759                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    760                    self.unsupported(
    761                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    762                    )
    763                    continue
    764                key = path_key.this
    765                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    766                    key = f'"{key}"'
    767                segments.append(f".{key}")
    768
    769            expr = "".join(segments)
    770
    771            return f"{this}{expr}"
    772
    773        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    774            return self.func(
    775                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    776                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    777                expression.args.get("separator"),
    778            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'CARDINALITY'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByBucket'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionByTruncate'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'in', 'cross', 'else', 'then', 'extract', 'where', 'escape', 'not', 'values', 'left', 'full', 'select', 'using', 'create', 'between', 'except', 'with', 'alter', 'cast', 'having', 'when', 'deallocate', 'current_timestamp', 'end', 'into', 'order', 'constraint', 'natural', 'describe', 'case', 'from', 'union', 'true', 'like', 'or', 'right', 'exists', 'for', 'and', 'group', 'on', 'intersect', 'as', 'by', 'outer', 'null', 'join', 'drop', 'delete', 'execute', 'insert', 'false', 'table', 'is', 'current_time', 'prepare', 'distinct', 'inner'}
def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat) -> str: View Source

    595        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    596            this = expression.this
    597            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    598
    599            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    600                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    601
    602                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    603
    604            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    605                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    606
    607            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)

def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    609        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    610            this = expression.this
    611
    612            if not this.type:
    613                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    614
    615                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    616
    617            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    618                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    619
    620            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    622        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    623            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    624            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    625            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    626            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    627            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    628            this = expression.this
    629            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    630            value_as_timestamp = (
    631                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    632            )
    633
    634            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    635
    636            formatted_value = self.func(
    637                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    638            )
    639            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    640                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    641                formatted_value,
    642                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    643            )
    644            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    645            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    647        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    648            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    649                return self.func(
    650                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    651                    expression.this,
    652                    seq_get(
    653                        apply_index_offset(
    654                            expression.this,
    655                            expression.expressions,
    656                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    657                            dialect=self.dialect,
    658                        ),
    659                        0,
    660                    ),
    661                )
    662            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    664        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    665            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    666
    667            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    668            values: t.List[str] = []
    669            schema: t.List[str] = []
    670            unknown_type = False
    671
    672            for e in expression.expressions:
    673                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    674                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    675                        unknown_type = True
    676                    else:
    677                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    678                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    679                else:
    680                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    681
    682            size = len(expression.expressions)
    683
    684            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    685                if unknown_type:
    686                    self.unsupported(
    687                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    688                    )
    689                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    690            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    692        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    693            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    694                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    695            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    697        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    698            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    699            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    700            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    702        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    703            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    704        ) -> t.List[str]:
    705            return [
    706                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    707                self.sql(limit),
    708            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    710        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    711            """
    712            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    713            so we need to remove them
    714            """
    715            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    716            schema = expression.this
    717            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    718                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    719            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    721        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    722            """
    723            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    724            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    725            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    726            """
    727            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    728            if len(tables) > 1:
    729                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    730
    731            table = tables[0]
    732            expression.set("this", table)
    733            expression.set("tables", None)
    734
    735            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    736                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    737                if table_alias:
    738                    table_alias.pop()
    739                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    740
    741            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str: View Source

    743        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    744            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    745
    746            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    747            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    748            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    749                return self.func(
    750                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    751                )
    752
    753            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    754
    755            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    756            segments = []
    757            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    758                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    759                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    760                    self.unsupported(
    761                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    762                    )
    763                    continue
    764                key = path_key.this
    765                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    766                    key = f'"{key}"'
    767                segments.append(f".{key}")
    768
    769            expr = "".join(segments)
    770
    771            return f"{this}{expr}"

def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str: View Source

    773        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    774            return self.func(
    775                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    776                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    777                expression.args.get("separator"),
    778            )

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  ALTER_SET_TYPE
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  limitoptions_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablefromrows_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterindex_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  safedivide_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  jsoncast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  ceil_floor
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  whens_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  uniquekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonextractquote_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql
  median_sql
  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql
  attach_sql
  detach_sql
  attachoption_sql
  featuresattime_sql
  watermarkcolumnconstraint_sql
  encodeproperty_sql
  includeproperty_sql
  xmlelement_sql
  partitionbyrangeproperty_sql
  partitionbyrangepropertydynamic_sql
  unpivotcolumns_sql
  analyzesample_sql
  analyzestatistics_sql
  analyzehistogram_sql
  analyzedelete_sql
  analyzelistchainedrows_sql
  analyzevalidate_sql
  analyze_sql
  xmltable_sql
  xmlnamespace_sql
  export_sql
  declare_sql
  declareitem_sql
  recursivewithsearch_sql
  parameterizedagg_sql
  anonymousaggfunc_sql
  combinedaggfunc_sql
  combinedparameterizedagg_sql
  show_sql
  put_sql