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Adding upstream version 5.2.3+dfsg.

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Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel@debian.org>
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Daniel Baumann 2025-02-17 07:02:47 +01:00
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---
layout: docs
title: Utilities for layout
description: For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.
group: layout
toc: true
---
## Changing `display`
Use our [display utilities]({{< docsref "/utilities/display" >}}) for responsively toggling common values of the `display` property. Mix it with our grid system, content, or components to show or hide them across specific viewports.
## Flexbox options
Bootstrap is built with flexbox, but not every element's `display` has been changed to `display: flex` as this would add many unnecessary overrides and unexpectedly change key browser behaviors. Most of [our components]({{< docsref "/components/alerts" >}}) are built with flexbox enabled.
Should you need to add `display: flex` to an element, do so with `.d-flex` or one of the responsive variants (e.g., `.d-sm-flex`). You'll need this class or `display` value to allow the use of our extra [flexbox utilities]({{< docsref "/utilities/flex" >}}) for sizing, alignment, spacing, and more.
## Margin and padding
Use the `margin` and `padding` [spacing utilities]({{< docsref "/utilities/spacing" >}}) to control how elements and components are spaced and sized. Bootstrap includes a six-level scale for spacing utilities, based on a `1rem` value default `$spacer` variable. Choose values for all viewports (e.g., `.me-3` for `margin-right: 1rem` in LTR), or pick responsive variants to target specific viewports (e.g., `.me-md-3` for `margin-right: 1rem` —in LTR— starting at the `md` breakpoint).
## Toggle `visibility`
When toggling `display` isn't needed, you can toggle the `visibility` of an element with our [visibility utilities]({{< docsref "/utilities/visibility" >}}). Invisible elements will still affect the layout of the page, but are visually hidden from visitors.